...ition of the distal fibular fracture in relation to the syndesmosis of the ankle joint. There are three classifications based on the location and type of fr
* At the level of the ankle joint, extending proximally in an oblique fashion up the fibula
3 KB (456 words) - 16:36, 28 June 2020
...al: Isolated gastrocnemius tightness. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84(6):962-970.</ref>.
It measures the dorsiflexion (DF) of the foot at the ankle joint (AJ) with knee extended & flexed to 90 degrees. The test is considere
3 KB (368 words) - 12:24, 7 April 2023
...pinosa, et al. Treatment of ankle osteoarthritis: arthrodesis versus total
ankle replacement. [Internet]. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery.
...conclusion : 3B
Level of evidence: D</ref><ref name="p6">Joseph D, et al. Ankle Arthrodesis Nailing System. [Internet]. Stryker Trauma GmbH 2009. Available
5 KB (720 words) - 12:37, 23 August 2019
...ol of the lower limb are likely to result in altered positioning and weight-bearing in the foot.
=== Specific Foot Conditions ===
5 KB (737 words) - 19:41, 4 July 2023
...the [[talus]] of the [[Foot Anatomy|foot]]. See the page for [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]] for more information.
...together create an architectural vault, which is one of the strongest load-bearing structures known to mankind.<ref>The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britan
12 KB (1,693 words) - 09:30, 1 June 2022
...7;37(2):72-84. doi:10.2519/jospt.2007.2403.</ref> is a region-specific self-report of function, firstly described in 1999 by Martin et al.
The FADI is a former version of the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php5?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Ability_Measure FAAM]. The 2 instr
6 KB (884 words) - 23:14, 29 August 2019
...ay with a multimodality approach. Journal of anatomy. 2010 Dec 1;217(6):633-45.</ref> with slightly movement allowed.
...ion. Journal of Orthopaedic&Sports Physical Therapy. 2006 Jun;36(6):372-84.</ref>. <br>
8 KB (1,096 words) - 00:46, 7 March 2021
<div class="pp-no-course-suggestions pp-no-article-suggestions"></div>
==Disease and Conditions==
21 KB (3,064 words) - 18:47, 14 June 2021
...r-limb/bones/tibia/ Tibia] Available from:https://teachmeanatomy.info/lower-limb/bones/tibia/<nowiki/>(last accessed 29.10.2020)</ref> Osteologic featur
...tions for rehabilitation. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier, 2010. p520-71.</ref>
7 KB (1,054 words) - 11:28, 28 February 2022
[[File:Tibialis-posterior-location.jpg|right|frameless|626x626px]]The '''Tibialis Posterior''' is loca
Proximal postero-lateral aspect of the tibia.
5 KB (651 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...eps surae: a pictorial essay]. Foot and ankle clinics. 2014 Dec 1;19(4):603-35.</ref>.
...iceps surae is to perform plantar flexion of the foot at the [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]], allowing the heel to elevate against gravity. This results in gene
8 KB (1,212 words) - 18:07, 25 April 2024
...(3):435-49.</ref><ref name=":0">Marder RA, Lian GJ. Sports injuries of the ankle and foot. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012 Dec 6.</ref> The types of
...m.nih.gov/31789975/ Tarsal coalition.] Curr Opin Pediatr. 2020 Feb;32(1):93-99.</ref>
8 KB (1,130 words) - 15:07, 3 July 2022
...lalignment of the subtalar joint can lead to primary osteoarthritis of the ankle joint in the long run. See more here [[Subtalar Joint|Subtalar joint]]
...nctional representations in the literature.] The foot. 2014 Dec 1;24(4):203-9. Accessed 15 June 2022.</ref>
6 KB (822 words) - 03:34, 3 September 2023
...Contributors''' -{{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}<span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> </span>
...eophyte-2 Osteophyte] Available:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/osteophyte-2 (accessed 7.9.2022)</ref>
4 KB (565 words) - 21:16, 9 January 2024
...March. 1998 Mar.</ref> and straining or rupture of the muscles around the ankle (e.g. [[Calf Strain|calf]], [[Peroneal Tendinopathy|peroneii]], [[Tibialis
[[File:Cross-section_of_ankle.png|right|frameless|300x300px]]
11 KB (1,655 words) - 10:33, 10 December 2022
<div class="pp-no-course-suggestions pp-no-article-suggestions"></div>
...tages]] by providing foot clearance, used to limit or assist [[Ankle Joint|ankle]] and [[Foot Anatomy|foot]] [[Range of Motion|ROM]] like; dorsiflexion, pla
8 KB (1,277 words) - 11:45, 3 August 2022
...Binkley et al. (1999) in a group of patients with various musculoskeletal conditions.<ref name="Binkley et al." /> The scale is originally developed in English
...figure/Source-originale-Binkley-JM-Stratford-PW-Lott-SA-Riddle-DL-The-Lower-Extremity_fig1_221874838 (accessed on 29 August 2018)</ref><br>
5 KB (686 words) - 16:47, 15 December 2022
[[File:Equinus deformity X-ray.jpg|thumb|319x319px|equinus foot X-ray]]
...f>Equinus. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/pes-equinus . Pes equinus - an overview] | ScienceDirect Topics.</ref>
10 KB (1,504 words) - 22:53, 6 February 2024
...btalar joint: a complex mechanism]. EFORT open reviews. 2017 Jul 6;2(7):309-16.</ref>.
...edicine 5th edition. Sydney, Australia: Mc Graw hill education; 2017. p893-895</ref>:
6 KB (897 words) - 12:11, 23 September 2022
'''Original Editor ''' - [http://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Michael_Kecman Mike Kecman ]as part of the [[The Jackson
...be beneficial to rule in or rule out pathology after trauma to the foot or ankle, or when an injury is not responding to conservative management.
12 KB (1,858 words) - 09:29, 25 March 2024
...tml Understanding the First Ray]. Orthotics & Biomechanics. 2016, Sept. 109-120</ref> This segment serves as a critical element in the structural integr
The first metatarsal is the shortest, strongest, and most important weight-bearing point in the forefoot.<ref name=":1" /> In standing, this bone carri
4 KB (533 words) - 13:00, 8 June 2022
...Health. 2009;10(2).</ref>. The tightness of the joint capsule around the ankle and the strong connection of ligaments connecting the talus and the calcane
...talar joint: a case report.] Foot & Ankle International. 2001 Jul;22(7):609-11.</ref>
11 KB (1,631 words) - 12:10, 23 September 2022
...Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-Based Practice Project]]
[[File:Figure 3-Ankle ligaments.PNG|thumb|363x363px|Ankle tendon attachment]]
11 KB (1,612 words) - 14:08, 25 February 2024
<blockquote>Nearly 70% of ankle injuries can cause varying degrees of [[Cartilage|chondral]] and osteochond
...nent of many multiple joints, including the [[Ankle and Foot|talocrural]] (ankle), subtalar, and transverse tarsal joints.
9 KB (1,303 words) - 15:11, 29 October 2023
...gh arch, pes cavus, cavus feet, varus foot, supinated, under-pronating, non-pronating
Forefoot Varus - This foot takes too much time in the shock-absorbing phase and converts to propulsion late.
4 KB (552 words) - 17:32, 7 December 2021
...cal Medicine and Rehabilitation. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1996:783-812.</ref>
...ions for insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med 2004; 32(2):457-61.</ref><ref name="karim khan">Brukner P, Khan Karim. Clinical Sports Medic
9 KB (1,365 words) - 11:17, 19 July 2022
...rkinson&s Disease], Nutt JG, Horak FB, eds. Academic Press/Elsevier. 2020:1-24.</ref>. through the process of rehabilitation, we aim to train patients o
...nvironment; Functional tasks require three types of balance control, steady-state, reactive, and proactive. Environmental constraints such as type of su
11 KB (1,690 words) - 23:01, 5 May 2022
...lanis JM, Alvarez-Villalobos NA, Elizondo-Omaña RE, Guzman-Lopez S, Vilchez-Cavazos JF, et al. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S09409
...and muscle fiber length in healthy young adult males]. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. 2023 Nov 11;16(1).</ref>. It has similar position, function and
4 KB (619 words) - 19:23, 16 December 2023
<div class="pp-no-course-suggestions pp-no-article-suggestions"></div>
{{#ev:youtube| ZEgD-Mn5ftc|width}}
8 KB (1,219 words) - 09:10, 29 July 2021
...Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-Based Practice Project]]
...to partial or complete detachment of the fragment. The defects cause deep ankle pain associated with weightbearing. Impaired function, limited range of mot
11 KB (1,705 words) - 21:36, 4 August 2022
...joint rehabilitation. Journal of sport rehabilitation. 2000 May 1;9(2):135-59.</ref>
...nical rehabilitation. Journal of sport rehabilitation. 2021 Dec 9;31(6):717-35.
4 KB (557 words) - 23:21, 25 March 2024
...The metabolic energy saved by the arch is largely explained by the passive-elastic work it supplies that would otherwise be done by active [[muscle]].<
...the [[Tibialis Posterior|Tibialis posterior]], which is spread out in a fan-shaped insertion and prevents undue tension of the ligament or such an amoun
8 KB (1,227 words) - 16:16, 14 July 2022
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/donna-fisher/ Donna Fisher]<br>
...e orthoses are not as common as [[Foundations for Ankle Foot Orthoses|ankle-foot orthoses]] (AFOs). They are designed for patients with extensive weakne
11 KB (1,574 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...Replacement Available: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/total-joint-replacement/<nowiki/>(accessed 24.12.2023)</ref>
Numerous conditions give rise to joint pain and disability and may lead patients to consider jo
2 KB (309 words) - 13:30, 11 January 2024
...vein: where does reflux go? Jornal Vascular Brasileiro. 2013 Jun; 12(2):123-8.
...hilnani NE. Treating the small saphenous vein. Endovasc Today. 2008;7(8):60-4. </ref>.
5 KB (764 words) - 17:32, 4 April 2021
...o one sprain per 10 000 people daily<ref>The gender issue: epidemiology of ankle injuries in athletes who participate in basketball.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000 Mar; (372):45-9.
15 KB (2,208 words) - 21:34, 9 January 2024
...ement of heel pain syndrome]. Orthopaedics and trauma. 2011 Jun 1;25(3):198-206.</ref>
...Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 2004 Jan 1;94(1):47-52.</ref>
13 KB (1,950 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/donna-fisher/ Donna Fisher]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{
...c type of assistive device that, as its name suggests, covers the foot and ankle. There are three main types of AFOs: flexible, rigid and jointed. Each devi
19 KB (2,853 words) - 12:26, 1 November 2022
...ntrasheath subluxation of the peroneal tendons. JBJS Am. 2008 May;90(5):992-9</ref>.
...Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine, Vol 7, No 1 (January), 1999: pp 2-6</ref>. The tendons are stabilized by a superior peroneal retinaculum. The
14 KB (2,026 words) - 17:44, 5 January 2023
...wellhealth.com)[https://www.verywellhealth.com/gastrocnemius-muscle-anatomy-4684083]</ref>
...able to generate as much force at the ankle. The opposite is true when the ankle is flexed.
9 KB (1,412 words) - 02:47, 29 March 2022
'''Original Editor '''-[[User:Lee-Anne Barker-Cobb|Lee-Anne Barker-Cobb]] as an assignment for the [[Physiotherapy, Exercise and Physical Activ
...od the clear health benefits of physical activity to each of her different conditions and realized that being healthy would keep her out of hospital and with her
8 KB (1,267 words) - 19:15, 21 November 2019
[[File:Ankle edema .jpg|thumb|Right foot and ankle edema- 2 weeks post-surgery]]
...Leg edema assessment and management.] Medsurg Nursing. 2014 Jan 1;23(1):44-53.</ref>
11 KB (1,579 words) - 12:17, 3 August 2022
...ties: Mechanical diagnosis and therapy. Wellington: Spinal publications New-Zealand, 2000.</ref>
...emity problems - Systematic review. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2017 Feb;27:78-84. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2016.12.016. Epub 2017 Jan 5. PMID: 28637606.</ref>
7 KB (971 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
...make a big difference by partly off-loading the arthritic joint.. Foot and ankle orthoses, such as shoe wedging or insoles can be hugely beneficial again by
...Trials have also shown that home-based exercise programmes are effective11-13 , particularly if supported and monitored
10 KB (1,348 words) - 20:04, 21 October 2022
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Helene Simpson]
...ndividuals with a history of [[Ankle Sprain|ankle sprain]] develop chronic ankle instability.
13 KB (1,892 words) - 11:21, 18 August 2022
...e ankle in the talocrural joint. Due to repeated micro trauma’s little the ankle, the body will respond to this by building extra bone tissue called “oste
*Osteophyte or chondro-osteophyte.
14 KB (2,186 words) - 12:33, 23 August 2019
Left Grade 1 Ankle Sprain
*Cardiovascular Fitness x 2-3
3 KB (439 words) - 00:32, 12 March 2018
...c heel pain are caused by Baxter's nerve entrapment. However, it's an often-overlooked source of heel pain.<ref name=":0">Stephen Offutt DP, Patrick DeH
...using impingement at the nerve’s sharp turn are both possible predisposing conditions.<ref name=":0" />
5 KB (764 words) - 17:55, 29 June 2023
...gous blood, there are limited adverse reactions compared to other injection-based therapies, such as corticosteroid injections<ref name=":0" />.
# Pure platelet-rich fibrin (P-PRF)
8 KB (1,118 words) - 10:42, 25 September 2023
...e. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy 2009 February; 4(1):29-37 (level: A1)</ref>
...calcaneus that contains structures that contribute to the stability of the ankle and to its [[proprioception]] but can get damaged in the sinus tarsi.
20 KB (3,019 words) - 20:21, 15 July 2022
...the mid-tarsal joints of the foot, often with associated [http://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php5?title=Calcaneal_fracture fractures of the calcaneus], [
...tronic version]. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Vol. 48, No.4 , 462-465. B</ref> The bones which form the Chopart joint are the [[talus]] and [[
10 KB (1,506 words) - 04:38, 21 April 2022
...generally considered a normal gait variation; children usually demonstrate ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike by the age of five years.<ref name=":7" />
...ith specific conditions, trauma or neurogenic influences.<ref name=":7" /> Conditions that can cause toe walking include cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, auti
17 KB (2,337 words) - 06:51, 14 January 2024
...Passmore|James Passmore]] as part of the [[Texas State University Evidence-based Practice Project]]
...tic ankle sprains in athletes. International SportMed Journal. 2003;4 (4):1-10.
6</ref>
16 KB (2,378 words) - 20:09, 15 July 2022
...bones of the midfoot<ref name=":0">Soames RW. Anatomy and Human Movement E-Book: Structure and function. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2018 Aug 22.</ref>.
...ar and periarticular structures]. Foot and ankle clinics. 2004 Mar 1;9(1):1-23.</ref>. Its posterior surface is concave and there are two faint ridges a
5 KB (767 words) - 13:39, 9 June 2022
'''Original Editor '''- [https://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Chelsea_Mclene Chelsea McLene]
...-5491.2000.00233.x The charcot foot. Diabetic Medicine]. 2000 Apr;17(4):253-8.</ref>
14 KB (1,985 words) - 13:31, 2 December 2021
...ry, London:Springer. 2012. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-609-2_15</nowiki></ref>
...opathy: a literature synthesis]. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2009;32(1):41-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.09.014. (level of evidence 1A)</ref>
17 KB (2,530 words) - 17:04, 23 October 2023
...e [[Ponseti method|Ponseti manipulations and casting]], with intervals of 1-2 weeks to try to regain a corrected foot position. If this is achieved then
...eon’s preference, the patient may have either night bracing in a FAB or an Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) that prevents plantar flexion.<ref name=":0" />
5 KB (702 words) - 13:07, 1 March 2022
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/donna-fisher// Donna Fisher]<br>'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{
...efficiency of function during acute or long-term injury. This includes soft-tissue and bony injury, as well as changes as a result of [[Spasticity|neuro
10 KB (1,435 words) - 19:54, 5 January 2023
...Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-Based Practice Project]]
Any joint in the [[Ankle and Foot|ankle]], [[Foot Anatomy|foot]] and toes can be affected by an arthropathy (arthro
20 KB (2,830 words) - 16:47, 17 January 2023
...ularly so after hospital dischage. The ability to react to a [[Perturbation-Based Balance Training|balance perturbation]] is critical to maintain [[bala
...als, elderly subjects more often rely on stepping strategies as opposed to ankle or hip strategies to recover balance following a postural perturbation<ref
9 KB (1,269 words) - 21:48, 13 November 2023
...ditors ''' - [[User:Jacob Wong|Jacob Wong]] as part of [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Category:The_University_of_Waterloo_Biomechanics_Project The Unive
...er. 2010;172:3325-9.</ref>. Tendinopathy is a term that describes clinical conditions of tendons that arise from [[Overuse Injuries in Sport |overuse]]<ref name=
11 KB (1,508 words) - 12:42, 31 May 2021
....ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5052189/ Classifications In brief: salter-harris classification of pediatric physeal fractures].</ref><ref name=":3" /
...metaphysis and epiphysis are separated by the physis (growth plate). Salter-Harris fractures are unique to children because they involve the growth plat
9 KB (1,281 words) - 21:08, 16 June 2020
...f normal walking. Instr Course Lect 1990;39:291–303.</ref> Weakness in the ankle and foot dorsiflexors results in an equinovarus deformity. Sometimes referr
...n be challenging because it may be a presentation of a range of pathologic conditions that localize along the full course of upper and lower motor neuron pathway
14 KB (2,092 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...mbers.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/michelle-green-smerdon// Michelle Green-Smerdon]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}
...over, injuries which are higher up in the chain will have an effect on the ankle and foot. The foot is essential to a dancer; it acts as their base of suppo
19 KB (2,472 words) - 18:25, 9 January 2024
<div class="pp-no-course-suggestions pp-no-article-suggestions"></div>
...ke]], [[Spinal Cord Injury|Spinal cord injury]], [[Post-Polio Syndrome|Post-polio syndrome]], [[Muscular Dystrophy|Muscular]] dystrophies, [[Spinal Musc
13 KB (1,824 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...VanBlarcom CW, editor. [https://www.thejpd.org/article/S0022-3913(99)70234-9/fulltext The glossary of prosthodontic terms]. Mosby; 1999.</ref>, support
...indications and methods]. American family physician. 2009 Sep 1;80(5):491-9.</ref>
9 KB (1,178 words) - 18:38, 10 November 2022
...r Fasciitis|Plantar fasciitis]] is an overuse injury. Accumulation of micro-damage leads to the degradation of the [[collagen]] fibers that make up the
...rches of the Foot|medial longitudinal arch]], regulates movement about the ankle, and distributes forces evenly across the foot during loading.<ref name=":1
12 KB (1,686 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...oot. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 2011;42(S2):S60-74. </ref>
*20-40% of all the health care costs comprised for diabetes are for diabetic foo
15 KB (2,108 words) - 02:41, 17 August 2022
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Helene Simpson]<br>
...f the structures, functional anatomy, and etiologic factors in syndesmosis ankle injuries is needed to treat this injury effectively.
16 KB (2,350 words) - 21:03, 28 October 2023
...able from: https://www.physiotherapyjournal.com/article/S0031-9406(05)67024-1/pdf (last accessed 16.4.2019)</ref>
...tic efficacy.] Journal of manual & manipulative therapy. 2008 Jan 1;16(1):8-22. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2565076/ (l
8 KB (1,020 words) - 12:10, 5 October 2023
...mbers.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/michelle-green-smerdon// Michelle Green-Smerdon]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}
...in extreme positions, especially plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of their ankle. If professionals (therapists, coaches, dancers etc) do not understand the
16 KB (2,329 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
.... Our last four years experience. Materio socio-media. 2015 Dec; 27(6): 380-382.</ref>.
...ble from: https://www.healthpartners.com/hospitals/regions/specialties/burn-center/splints/#:~:text=Splints%20for%20burns,-Overview&text=Splints%20or%20
6 KB (924 words) - 13:26, 17 August 2023
...apartum maternal lumbosacral plexopathy. Muscle & nerve. 2002 Sep;26(3):340-7.
...the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine. 1992 Aug;15(8):937-40.
9 KB (1,269 words) - 11:09, 22 August 2022
...(Knee pain can be referred from the hip or biomechanically affected by the ankle)
*Age – The following conditions are not exclusive to these age groups but a higher prevalence is noted in t
12 KB (1,651 words) - 11:13, 16 November 2023
...surement-Using-the-BiodexR-Balance-System-During-Unilateral-Stance.pdf test-retest reliability of static and dynamic stability indexes measurement using
...ithout low] back pain. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2008;24(3):372-7.</ref>
5 KB (709 words) - 15:20, 11 March 2024
...syndrome, tibial tubercle apophysitis or [[Osgood-Schlatter Disease|Osgood-Schlatter disease]], and fifth metatarsal apophysitis.<br>
...cal strain caused by repeated impact pressure and shear forces on the still-developing growth plate of the [[calcaneus]].<ref name=":5" />
12 KB (1,659 words) - 16:34, 10 August 2023
...mation Acute and Chronic|inflammation.]] A good understanding of foot and ankle anatomy is necessary for the proper diagnosis and treatment of injuries.
The ankle is formed by three bones: the talus, tibia and fibula. The anatomical struc
20 KB (2,870 words) - 09:19, 23 November 2022
...m the clinical diagnosis. <blockquote>"We can't treat the patient just on x-rays or just on MRI findings. These things have to come together (with the o
=== X-Rays ===
20 KB (3,014 words) - 15:38, 22 October 2023
...onal snowboarders.] British journal of sports medicine. 2014 Jan 1;48(1):11-7.</ref>
...the Talus]. Fractures and Dislocations of the Talus and Calcaneus. 2020:97-106.</ref>
20 KB (3,080 words) - 12:11, 23 September 2022
.... [https://now.aapmr.org/biomechanic-of-gait-and-treatment-of-abnormal-gait-patterns/ Biomechanic of Gait and Treatment of Abnormal Gait Patterns].</ref
...opedic problems (e.g. osteoarthritis and skeletal deformities) and medical conditions (e.g. heart failure, respiratory insufficiency, peripheral arterial occlusi
15 KB (2,153 words) - 17:56, 7 April 2024
...akness and atrophy. Muscular dystrophy is a [[Non-Communicable Diseases|non-communicable disorder]] and has many variations - each variation has a speci
...lable from: https://www.webmd.com/children/understanding-muscular-dystrophy-basics?page=-1281<nowiki/>(accessed 24.2.2021).</ref> The muscle protein ass
9 KB (1,207 words) - 11:04, 27 April 2023
...us Thrombosis. Medscape 2017 https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1911303-workup (Accessed on 3rd July, 2018).</ref>.
...mbophlebitis in bedridden patients. Critical care nurse. 1983 Jul 1;3(4):64-5</ref>.
4 KB (594 words) - 17:11, 22 January 2024
...ussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]].
...Contributors''' -{{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}<span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> </span>
26 KB (3,724 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...calsportsmedicine.com/the-patient-that-every-other-health-professional-cant-fix The patient who every other health professional can't fix...2012] (last
...0">Brukner P. Khan K. Clinical Sports Medicine. 3rd edition. Sydney: McGraw-Hill 2006.</ref>
7 KB (908 words) - 14:39, 31 May 2020
...brage">Schimizzi, A; Brage, M (September 2004). "Brachymetatarsia". ''Foot Ankle Clin'' '''9''' (3): 555–70, doi:10.1016/j.fcl.2004.05.002. PMID 15324790.
...view image - © Kenhub https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/metatarsal-bones</ref>
13 KB (1,923 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...gy of the sesamoid bones]. International orthopaedics. 1987 May 1;11(2):141-7.</ref>.
...DeHeer DP. [https://www.podiatrytoday.com/comprehensive-guide-reviving-sick-sesamoid A Comprehensive Guide To Reviving The Sick Sesamoid]. Podiatry Toda
9 KB (1,317 words) - 09:52, 14 August 2018
...Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-Based Practice Project]]
...uring 1970–2000 and projections for the future.] Bone. 2002 Sep 1;31(3):430-3.</ref> Fractures of the foot are less common.<br>
25 KB (3,614 words) - 17:24, 27 June 2023
...epidemiological survey on ankle sprain. Br J Sports Med 1994 Jun;28(2):112-116.</ref>
...ficits associated with chronic ankle instability. Sports Med 2009;39(3):207-224.</ref> <br>
22 KB (3,223 words) - 11:17, 22 December 2022
...s a is a key physical impairment in [[Neurological Disorders|neurological conditions]] limiting mobility.<ref name=":2" /> Resistance training has been found t
...trengthening program: a randomised trial.''Aust J Physiother.'' 2007:53:147-153.
15 KB (2,163 words) - 01:46, 29 August 2022
...s Kluwer, 2010.</ref>It arises from Ventral (anterior) division of L4-5, S1-3. It travels along the distal border of the popliteus muscle, deep to gast
...erve#1 .] Available from: https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/tibial-nerve#1 (last accessed 17/03/2019).</ref> It also has articular and cutaneou
11 KB (1,629 words) - 09:58, 14 January 2024
...asurement properties]. Journal of foot and ankle research. 2018 Dec;11(1):1-0.</ref>The foot therefore is observed as 'C' shape.
...omprehensive Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle|Basic Structure of the Foot and Ankle]]
12 KB (1,769 words) - 12:27, 20 November 2023
...ent syndrome. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/307668-overview (accessed 06/04/2020).</ref>
...ilable from: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/compartment-syndrome/ (accessed 04/06/2020). </ref>
14 KB (1,957 words) - 17:16, 6 April 2020
[[Ankle and Foot|Foot]] problems are common place in [[Older People Introduction|pe
...] http://snowbrains.com/brain-post-how-far-does-the-average-human-walk-in-a-lifetime/ [Accessed 21/03/17 @19:20]</ref>
14 KB (2,232 words) - 21:52, 15 July 2022
<div class="pp-no-course-suggestions pp-no-article-suggestions"></div>
...protectors for certain patients (through their medical cards). For the bed-bound residents I create positioning charts and try to maintain active and p
5 KB (802 words) - 17:45, 3 January 2022
...ased on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/krista-eskay/ Krista Eskay]<br>
...siology, clinical presentation and assessment of lower extremity torsional conditions and basic interventions.
17 KB (2,359 words) - 10:37, 25 November 2023
...ical dysfunction, however, 1-2% of cases of low back pain are caused by non-mechanical spinal disorders or visceral diseases such as a [[Abdominal Aorti
...standing he has no lateral shift of his trunk. Asymmetrical mole in central-left low back- site of patients pain, pt unaware of mole, uneven shade of co
7 KB (1,030 words) - 16:57, 1 February 2021
...people with spinal cord injuries.] NeuroRehabilitation. 2011 Jan 1;28(1):17-20.</ref> Contractures reduce joint mobility and restrict activities of dail
...al cord injury—a prospective cohort study.] Spinal cord. 2012 Aug;50(8):579-84.</ref>
12 KB (1,695 words) - 13:00, 7 April 2023
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/donna-fisher/ Donna Fisher]<br>'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{F
...at need to be considered aside from [[Biomechanical Assessment of Foot and Ankle|biomechanical]] factors, including comfort and aesthetics to enhance patien
21 KB (3,047 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...Manual therapy for musculoskeletal pain syndromes: An evidence-and clinical-informed approach. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015 Jun 17</ref>.
...a. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2002 Jun;12(3):129-35.</ref>.
22 KB (3,276 words) - 03:11, 17 November 2022
...f</ref>. However, the secondary changes associated with muscle mis- and dis-use are progressive.
.... As a result, the child is likely to practice limited, ineffective, energy-consuming movements that may hinder his/or ability to move and function as t
6 KB (900 words) - 19:25, 5 April 2023
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Helene Simpson]<br>
...n participate; the patient's compliance with treatment is essential; and re-assessment is necessary when there is a lack of progress.
20 KB (2,816 words) - 13:52, 19 September 2022
...hat 80% of Americans believed that foot health is fundamental for over well-being and half of them want to know more about podiatrists<ref name=":0" />.
...been documented amongst randomly selected Danish (2010) population aged 18-80 years with prevalent rate of 30.4%<ref>Mølgaard C, Christensen SL, Simon
16 KB (2,447 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
...rthopaedic-surgery-sports-medicine/sports-medicine/coaches-trainers/fibular-fracture (accessed 2 Februar 2019).</ref>
...equired in many sports. Disruption of the syndesmosis (syndesmotic or high ankle sprain) contributes to instability of the tibiotalar joint.<ref name=":0" /
15 KB (2,120 words) - 13:56, 11 January 2024
'''Turf toe''' is an injury of the [[Foot and Ankle Structure and Function|first metatarsophalangeal]](MTP) articulation, due t
...Toe: Anatomy, Diagnosis, and Treatment, Clin Sports Med. 2010 Apr;29(2):313-23 Levels of evidence : A</ref>
10 KB (1,477 words) - 16:23, 14 May 2024
...heels enhance perceived sexual attractiveness, leg length and women’s mate-guarding.] Current Psychology. 2022:41:3282–3292.</ref>
...eviews and additional primary studies.] BMC Public Health. 2018 Dec;18(1):1-3.</ref>
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...ic review.] Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2017 Aug;65(8):1863-9.</ref>
9 KB (1,196 words) - 15:15, 23 October 2023
...eous nerve of the calf supplies the posterolateral side of the proximal two-thirds of the leg. It usually arises in common with the fibular (peroneal) c
...ent of the leg. In addition it supplies the skin over the lateral lower two-thirds of the leg and the whole of the dorsum of the foot except for the are
10 KB (1,509 words) - 06:14, 30 March 2022
...435px|<ref>https://greenbayacupuncture.co/2017/05/17/metatarsalgia-forefoot-pain/</ref>|right|frameless]]
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18 KB (2,521 words) - 23:33, 13 August 2023
...odosa. http://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Polyarteritis-Nodosa.aspx (accessed 22 Feb 2011).</ref> As the outer and inner layers of t
* 20-30% of patients are hepatitis B [[Immunoglobulins (Ig)|antigen]] positive.
9 KB (1,231 words) - 21:45, 1 September 2023
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Helene Simpson]<br>
...of trimalleolar ankle fractures.] EFORT Open Reviews. 2021 Aug 10;6(8):692-703.</ref>
23 KB (3,174 words) - 09:59, 18 August 2022
...nstable. As a result, the talus tilts and other ligaments can be ruptured. Ankle instability or arthritis can be the result of diastasis [8] [9].
...separation of the lateral and medial malleolus during dorsiflexion of the ankle joint [14].
24 KB (3,742 words) - 01:39, 31 August 2019
Post-traumatic [[arthritis]] is a condition triggered by an acute joint trauma th
...a progressive process of severe debilitating condition known as acute post-traumatic arthritis (PTA). PTA can occur at any age, in any joints and may d
10 KB (1,500 words) - 15:42, 29 August 2023
...Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. October/November, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 226-235.</ref>. CMT is a slowly progressive disorder and it encompasses a large
...ber 2014]. Available from: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Charcot-Marie-Tooth-disease/Pages/Causes.aspx</ref>.
12 KB (1,813 words) - 15:01, 19 September 2022
...face temperature changes.] Journal of athletic training. 2009 Mar;44(2):136-41.</ref>
'''Commercial Cold Packs:''' Commercial cold packs, such as ColPac and Elasto-Gel, are an efficient and commonly used method of cryotherapy. Usually fille
11 KB (1,615 words) - 18:25, 7 April 2023
...gg C.">Wynter S, Grigg C. [https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/march/lisfranc-injuries/ Lisfranc injuries.] Australian family physician 2017;46(3):116. </
...from simple to complex and may involve several joints and bones of the mid-foot. It is commonly misdiagnosed as a sprain, particularly if the mechanism
18 KB (2,603 words) - 21:17, 31 August 2023
...etween heavy tobacco use and the development of Buerger's disease<ref>Klein-Weigel P, Volz TS, Zange L, Richter J. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/art
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...apy - pes cavus. Available from: http://www.physiotherapy-treatment.com/pes-cavus.html . (Accessed 23 April 2020)</ref><br>
18 KB (2,634 words) - 16:41, 23 October 2023
...ay or may not experience back pain along with radiculopathy, but roughly 12-40% of people with back pain also experience radiculopathy symptoms.<ref nam
...disord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-022-05196-x Effects of non-surgical decompression therapy in addition to routine physical therapy on pa
16 KB (2,431 words) - 01:38, 27 February 2024
...e Sclerosis Society. [https://www.nationalmssociety.org/What-is-MS/Who-Gets-MS#:~:text=MS%20is%20not%20an%20inherited,is%20about%201%20in%20333. Who get
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12 KB (1,676 words) - 00:05, 4 December 2023
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Helene Simpson]<br>
== Definition of Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) ==
30 KB (4,164 words) - 18:06, 7 August 2023
...] tendon dysfunction (PTTD) insufficiency is the most common cause of adult-acquired flatfoot deformity. Failure of the tendon affects surrounding ligam
...6472584 Classifications in Brief: Johnson and Strom Classification of Adult-acquired Flatfoot Deformity]. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2016 Feb; 474(2): 588�
28 KB (4,050 words) - 20:27, 15 July 2022
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Helene Simpson]
...ed Assoc. 2004 May-Jun;94(3):293-304. </ref> which is significant as these conditions are associated with frailty and decreased physical activity.<ref name=":1"
21 KB (3,058 words) - 11:44, 20 November 2023
...in metabolism and have [[Immunocompromised Client|immunosuppressive]], anti-inflammatory, and vasoconstrictive effects.<ref name=":0">Hodgens A, Sharman
...e and other corticosteroids<nowiki/>https://www.mayoclinic.org/steroids/art-20045692 (accessed 29.9.2022)</ref>
9 KB (1,095 words) - 06:30, 29 September 2022
...is termed as intermittent claudication. Rest pain can also occur in severe conditions and can hamper the [[Activities of Daily Living|activities of daily living]
...ailable from: <nowiki>https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/claudication</nowiki></ref>.This narrowing of arteries makes it dif
6 KB (845 words) - 18:43, 17 January 2023
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/donna-fisher/ Donna Fisher]
==== 1. Ankle Foot Orthoses<ref>[[Introduction to Ankle Foot Orthoses]]</ref> ====
21 KB (3,037 words) - 12:18, 31 January 2023
[[File:AFO-Swedish-Leaf-Side-Shoe.jpg|right|frameless|204x204px]]
...in. For example, an ankle foot orthosis ('AFO') is applied to the foot and ankle, a thoracolumbosacral orthosis ('TLSO') affects the thoracic, lumbar and sa
29 KB (4,373 words) - 10:33, 2 November 2023
[https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/bernice-saban/ Bernice Saban]<br>
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20 KB (2,949 words) - 10:09, 22 October 2023
...mulation. Available:http://needling.org/medical-needling/percutaneous-nerve-stimulation/ (accessed 1.11.2021)</ref>, see Below.
...ctrical nerve stimulation creates an electrical field that hyperpolarizes c-fibers preventing action potential propagation along the [[Pain Mechanisms|p
9 KB (1,310 words) - 10:55, 24 May 2022
...es pain."<ref name=":0">IASP. Terminology. Available from: https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology/ (accessed 12 Dec 2023)</ref> </blockquote>Hy
...time in certain conditions, such as [[Neuropathic Pain|neuropathic pain]] conditions, and may be present in the absence of tissue injury.
12 KB (1,569 words) - 14:05, 19 March 2024
...nd neurological rehabilitation. Lancet Neurol. [Review]. 2011 Sep;10(9):844-52</ref>. The two most commonly used classifications of gait are:
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11 KB (1,523 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...toe and assist in the in the inversion of the foot and dorsiflexion of the ankle.<ref name="Muscles: Testing and Function, with Posture and Pain. Florence P
...E.Jurch. clinical massage therapy: assessment and treatment of orthopedic conditions,2007.</ref>
9 KB (1,378 words) - 17:14, 15 May 2024
...he subject may adopt a posture with plantarflexion and/or inversion at the ankle, toe flexion, pronounced extension at the knee, and associated flexion at t
...llow freedom of movement<ref>[https://www.pediatricservices.com/answers/005-hypertonia.htm Hypertonia, clonus , & spasticity] Pediatric Services </ref>
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...therapists with an [[Evidence Based Practice(EBP) in Physiotherapy|evidence-based]] tool to assist in patient management when determining a particular d
...idea is to stick with the [[Ethics, the ICF and EBP|principles of evidence-based practice]], and to incorporate the best available evidence (including
14 KB (2,102 words) - 17:28, 3 August 2022
...role in initiatives to improve public health through screening for certain conditions<ref name=":2">WHO [https://www.who.int/diagnostic_imaging/en/ Diagnostic Im
* [[X-Rays|'''X-rays''']] (including plain radiographs, [[DEXA Scan|DEXA]] scans and fluoros
13 KB (1,844 words) - 16:41, 21 March 2024
[[File:Reactive-balance-posterior-lateral-perturbation.png|thumb|Reactive Balance]]
...inary randomized controlled trials.] Physical therapy. 2015 May 1;95(5):700-9.</ref>
8 KB (1,205 words) - 06:54, 22 February 2021
...exercises on elderly people. Indian Journal of Gerontology. 2021;35(4):483-94.</ref>
* moving the heel to the patella, the middle of the tibia, and to the ankle joint of the contralateral leg
5 KB (659 words) - 20:09, 29 June 2023
...Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-Based Practice Project]]
...from: <nowiki>https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/sprained-ankle/</nowiki> (accessed 22/12/2022)</ref>.
38 KB (5,486 words) - 21:35, 9 January 2024
<div class="editorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [https://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Shreya_Pavaskar Shreya Pavaskar]<br>
...re used clinically to measure [[spasticity]] in patients with neurological conditions.
5 KB (651 words) - 17:45, 3 January 2022
...he ankle. Journal of Foot Ankle Surgery [serial online]. May 2010;49(3):219-223. Available from: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Ipswich, MA. Accessed July
[[Image:493x335 ankle.jpg|center|500px]]
37 KB (5,268 words) - 10:23, 19 July 2022
...A Systematic Review. ''J Hand Ther''. 2019 Aug 31. pii: S0894-1130(19)30094-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2019.06.002. </ref> The feedback from all these diffe
Proprioception itself can be understood as including various sub-modalities:
19 KB (2,656 words) - 14:00, 18 August 2023
...ment Syndrome|Acute compartment syndrome]] (ACS) of the lower leg is a time-sensitive orthopedic emergency that relies heavily on precise clinical findi
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13 KB (1,847 words) - 06:06, 29 October 2021
...ased on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/claire-robertson/ Claire Robertson]<br>
...cross-sectional analysis.] BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2020 Dec;21(1):1-7</ref>
13 KB (1,969 words) - 11:16, 23 October 2023
...iginal Editor '''- [[User:Nicolette Chamberlain-Simon|Nicolette Chamberlain-Simon]]
...of orthotics]. Prosthetics and orthotics international. 2008 Sep;32(3):313-23.</ref>, digitisation introduced a new strategy for fabrication. [[File:3D
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...pain and dysfunction of lateral epicondylalgia.] Pain. 1996 Nov 1;68(1):69-74.</ref>Neural mobilization, as a treatment technique, was introduced nearl
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13 KB (1,793 words) - 11:20, 3 August 2022
...]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/nick-rainey// Nick Rainey]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{
...it is beneficial to develop standard practice protocols. Following evidence-based protocols means that you reduce the chance of a poor outcome. You shou
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...ue injury study]. British journal of sports medicine. 2013 Aug 1;47(12):743-7.</ref>
...tible to injury as it is a biarthrodial muscle extending over the knee and ankle. Sudden bursts of acceleration can precipitate injury as well as a sudden e
24 KB (3,601 words) - 21:33, 12 April 2023
...trophy in Taiwan: A medical center experience." Pediatr Neonatol 59(2): 176-183.
...in the loss of gait performance when patients are approximately 10–12-years-old.<ref>Manzur AY, Kuntzer T, Pike M, Swan A. Glucocorticoid corticosteroid
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...ty and the Potentials for Future Research.] Sports Med. 2022 Aug;52(8):1863-1877.</ref>. Thus, runners have sought numerous strategies in hopes of reduc
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...ndational elements of RICE still hold value, particularly in immediate post-injury care, it is crucial to integrate current evidence and consider altern
This protocol was advised in the first 24-48 hours following an acute soft tissue injury. The philosophy behind it was
22 KB (3,246 words) - 17:31, 2 March 2024
...1 Oct 31]; Available from: <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1186/s43161-021-00039-7</nowiki></ref>
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7 KB (920 words) - 12:45, 30 March 2022
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* [[Ankle Joint]] pathologies
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26 KB (3,907 words) - 02:31, 18 November 2022
[[Image:Foot.jpg|493x493px|Foot & Ankle|right|frameless]]
The foot and ankle form a complex system which consists of 28 [[Bone|bones]], 33 joints, 112 [
27 KB (4,130 words) - 23:29, 30 March 2023
'''Original Editor '''- [https://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Lauren_Lopez Lauren Lopez]
...f 4 visits with the PT, PT Assistant, or the appropriate provider over an 8-week period.
10 KB (1,359 words) - 12:31, 9 October 2023
...tion may reveal [[Tinel’s Test|Tinel’s sign]] over the tibial nerve at the ankle, weakness, and atrophy of the small foot muscles or loss of sensation in th
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...E] Available from:https://opentextbc.ca/clinicalskills/chapter/introduction-3/ (last accessed 9.10.2020)</ref>.
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...tress-syndrome-1<nowiki/>(accessed 2.6.2022)</ref>. It presents as exercise-induced pain over the anterior [[tibia]] and is an early stress injury in th
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...re-to-post intervention. This indicates positive balance outcomes from a 10-week proprioceptive and resistance training protocol in individuals with Par
...rapist could go about diagnosing and treating this condition in an evidence-based manner. The American Academy of Neurology believes that both pharmacol
18 KB (2,655 words) - 09:32, 12 January 2022
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11 KB (1,598 words) - 05:51, 18 November 2023
...s in each foot. These long thin bones are located between the toes and the ankle (between the tarsal bones in the hindfoot and the phalanges in the forefoot
...with fibers between C2 and M2, just as crossed fibers between C3-M2 and C2-M3<ref name=":0" />.''<u><br></u>''
26 KB (3,860 words) - 22:31, 15 March 2024
...''Original Editor '''- [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/mauro-banfi/ Mauro Banfi] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPA
...s influenced by the thickness of osteophytes, cervical mobility, and cranio-cervical alignment<ref>Nishimura H, Endo K, Aihara T, Murata K, Suzuki H, Ma
18 KB (2,563 words) - 20:05, 9 January 2024
...Neck Stress Fractures. Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine. 2009;17:90-93.</ref> The fractures usually begin in locations of great stress; this is
...nd Normal Controls. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2009;37(2):390-395.</ref>
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...mans|Tania Appelmans]] as part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project]]
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...that involve anxiety and depression and can lead to or worsen pre-existing conditions. Many of the bodies systems can be affected by GAD, including: Cardiopulmon
<br>A 28 year-old Caucasian female presents to the clinic with complaints of joint pain (a
8 KB (1,176 words) - 00:05, 12 March 2018
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD), refers to idiopathic osteonecrosis of the fem
'''Image 1:''' [[X-Rays|XRay]] - Bilateral [[Avascular Necrosis Femoral Head]] (Legg Calve Pert
24 KB (3,459 words) - 13:46, 30 July 2023
...logic interventions for HIV-neuropathy pain. A systematic review and a meta-analysis.] Medicina. 2019 Nov 28;55(12):762.</ref>
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...n upper and lower extremity tendinopathies, fasciopathies, and soft tissue conditions.
...pulse, a wide frequency range (0-20 MHz), and a high pressure amplitude (0-120 MPa)
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...n Southern]. Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita. 2017 Jun 7;53(2):142-5.</ref> This is often observed with the medial arch of the foot coming clo
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31 KB (4,669 words) - 09:18, 4 January 2024
[[Image:Heel-spur.jpg|thumb|200x150px|Heel spur]]
...l KS .,‘Plantar fasciitis and the calcaneal spur: Fact or fiction?’., Foot Ankle Surg.,18 March 2012 (level of evidence 3B)</ref>
29 KB (4,186 words) - 05:44, 30 March 2022
...merican Academy of Orthopaedic surgeons, nov.-dec. 2001, vol. 9, n°: 6, 389-400. Evidence level: 2A</ref><ref name=":1">Roald Bahr, Sverre Maehlum. Clin
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19 KB (2,902 words) - 19:54, 27 December 2021
...ased on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/krista-eskay/ Krista Eskay]<br>
...muscle forces. When muscle pull is altered due to genetic or neuromuscular conditions, alignment may be impacted. Atypical alignment can directly affect function
9 KB (1,231 words) - 14:54, 14 January 2024
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCW-cB5jr7w Archery][[Image:Archery.jpg|thumb|right|Archery]]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdhsFBgMjSY Cross-country Skiing]
22 KB (3,262 words) - 10:43, 30 August 2018
...pain]. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2019 Sep;49(9):640-6. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2019.8813
...f foot and ankle research. 2020 Dec;13(1):1-9. DOI: 10.1186/s13047-020-0377-3 </ref> Many clinicians have focused on the [[Plantar Aponeurosis|plantar f
15 KB (2,164 words) - 12:22, 22 November 2023
...tocol aims to optimize healing, restore function, and reduce the risk of re-injury in athletes and active individuals.The M.E.A.T. (Movement, Exercise,
...e. 2019. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://garyreinl.com/articles/The-Cold-Hard-Facts.pdf</nowiki></ref>
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...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Helene Simpson]<br>
...red. <ref name=":9" /> When undetected, Lisfranc complex injuries have long-term consequences. <ref name=":4" /> This article reviews conservative and s
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...l. Thus, patients may choose to have surgery or various types of ultrasound-guided percutaneous injections to manage this condition.
...branches in the distal medial leg]. Acta ortopedica brasileira. 2012;20:157-64.</ref> The two plantar nerves penetrate the tunnel made of the deep fasci
21 KB (3,008 words) - 18:25, 9 January 2024
...ugh the process of identifying potential risk factors association with Mid-Portion Achilles Tendinopathy, important questions and observations that fo
...mid-portion achilles tendinopathy. These can be further classified as non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors:
15 KB (2,050 words) - 21:30, 9 January 2024
[[File:Armin-lotfi-2WO8-ClYO9E-unsplash (1).jpg|right|frameless|200x200px]]
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...disorders, [[Multiple Sclerosis (MS)]][[Parkinson's|, Parkinson's]], neuro-infections, [[Motor Neurone Disease MND|MND]], brain tumors, traumatic diso
Long-term neurological conditions (LTNCs) can be classified into:
17 KB (2,304 words) - 11:21, 18 August 2022
...ki.jpg|'''Figure.1''' Joseph Babinski (1857-1932)|alt=JOSEPH BABINSKI (1857-1932)|thumb]]It was on February 22, 1896, that Joseph Francois Felix Babinsk
== Neuro-Physiology ==
9 KB (1,388 words) - 22:07, 21 May 2023
...n.com/walking-can-relieve-leg-pain-in-people-with-peripheral-artery-disease-151240<nowiki/>(accessed 6.6.2021)</ref>
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...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Helene Simpson]<br>
...S, Woertler K. Ankle and foot. Musculoskeletal Diseases 2021-2024. 2021:107-20.</ref>
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...asses the jump-landing biomechanics. It is used to identify the risk of non-contact injuries during jumping and landing movements. It assesses 9 landing
...nding error scoring system study. J Athl Train. 2014 2014 Jul-Aug;49(4):435-41. PubMed PMID: 24905666. PMCID: PMC4151830. Epub 2014/06/06. eng.</ref>.<b
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...ee pain. Owing to a lack of understanding of the condition, it may be under-diagnosed or inadequately treated. <ref name=":0">Bylund, W. E., & de Weber,
...-semi-membranosis-biceps-femoris-semitendinosus-tuber-ischiadicum-back-skin-names.png|right|300x300px]]
10 KB (1,384 words) - 10:30, 16 September 2019
...ion, activity, and participation following the ICF model. Goals are patient-centered, and treatment aims to improve ROM, strength, balance, endurance an
...d 2022May12]. Available from: https://pharnext.com/en/disease/charcot-marie-tooth </ref>|border]]
34 KB (5,070 words) - 19:35, 13 May 2022
...n be used in numerous situations to evaluate and track many health-related conditions, as further discussed below.
Grip strength weakens as we age, which eventually begins to affect day-to-day activities, such as opening jars, carrying groceries, and turning doorkn
10 KB (1,493 words) - 15:24, 7 May 2024
...bs: a protocol of a systematic review]. Systematic Reviews. 2019 Dec;8(1):1-6.</ref>
...nopathies: A systematic review.] Musculoskeletal Care. 2021 Mar 1;19(1):110-26.</ref>
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...al Editor '''- [[User:User Name|Kim Jackson]] as part of [http://www.physio-pedia.com/ICRC_Cerebral_Palsy_Content_Development_Project#Articles_to_be_Dev
...the evidence. Developmental medicine & child neurology. 2013 Oct;55(10):885-910.</ref>. Knowledge of cerebral palsy and experience of managing neurologi
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...systems like muscle contraction in cells, all the way to large-scale, whole-body motions like a sprinting athlete .
...iomechanics?. In: Hall SJ. eds. Basic Biomechanics, 8e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2019. <nowiki>http://accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bo
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...ts and the elderly.] Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 2017 Feb 1;129(3-4):81-95.Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5318488/ (las
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33 KB (4,964 words) - 13:09, 14 July 2023
...0 000 hours of exposure (Orchard et al 2016). Cricketers mainly sustain non-contact injuries to the lumbar spine (1.1 - 3.4 injuries per squad per seaso
# Scientific evaluation (intervention efficacy assessment under "ideal conditions")
5 KB (725 words) - 18:21, 7 December 2023
''Be aware of conditions in which icing is contraindicated''
...tml Electrophysical Agents - Contraindications and Precautions: An Evidence-Based Approach to Clinical Decision Making in Physical Therapy.]
11 KB (1,557 words) - 16:37, 12 February 2024
The causes of sciatica can be categorised into spinal or non-spinal causes or iatrogenic<ref name=":10" />:
...Sciatica produced by a sacral perineurial cyst. Tex Med. 1987 Mar;83(3):55-6.</ref>
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...Brussel_Evidence-based_Practice_Project Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project]
...e Achilles tendon rupture.] Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery. 2020 Mar;12(1):1-8.</ref>
36 KB (5,355 words) - 11:16, 24 May 2023
...Peters]], [[User:Gillian Plummer|Gillian Plummer]] and [https://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Erynne_Rowe Erynne Rowe] as part of [[Queen's University Neur
...physio-pedia.com/User:Gillian_Plummer Gillian Plummer], [https://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Erynne_Rowe Erynne Rowe]
32 KB (4,620 words) - 19:32, 13 May 2022
...ddle, and posterior, with the posterior facet representing the major weight-bearing surface) which articulate with talus forming talocalcaneal joint (su
...alcaneus: a review with emphasis on CT.] Radiographics. 2005 Sep;25(5):1215-26.</ref>These anatomic landmarks are important because fractures associated
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...both the [[posture]] and gait pattern of pregnant women different from non-pregnant subjects.<ref name=":3">Forczek W;Staszkiewicz R. [http://www.actab
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...ussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]]
...ment of knee joint]. British journal of sports medicine.1998; ''32''(1): 73-74. Level of evidence: 5</ref>
14 KB (2,028 words) - 01:28, 29 August 2019
...on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/maha-tayseer-mohammad/ Maha Tayseer Mohammad]<br>
== Plasticity-Based Approach ==
30 KB (4,446 words) - 10:14, 7 May 2024
...s: a narrative literature review. Musculoskeletal Surgery. 2020 Dec;104:237-43.</ref> Hallux limitus (HL) is the name given to the earlier stage of this
...natomy and Injury Characterization]. Radiographics. 2020 Jul-Aug;40(4):1107-1124. </ref>
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...assessment and use of specific outcome measures indicated bilateral antero-lateral muscle atrophy and increased tone of lower extremities, decreased DT
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...crotuberous lig]. Available: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/sacrotuberous-ligament (accessed 1.9.2021)</ref>.
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...JI, Ingebrigtsen T. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2474-14-206 Accuracy of physical examination for chronic lumbar radiculopathy]. BMC
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...nisms and considered to be the gold standard for classification of medical conditions but is currently rarely used in the field of sports medicine. For researche
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[[File: Ballet dancer-en pointe.jpg|thumb|Ballet Dancer-En Pointe Position.]]
...non-dancers]. Medical problems of performing artists. 2015 Sep 1;30(3):152-6.</ref>
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...Quadriceps tendon rupture - treatment results.Med Pregl 2013;66(11-12):453-8.</ref>
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17 KB (2,438 words) - 17:50, 27 June 2023
'''Original Editor '''- [http://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Wendy_Walker Wendy Walker]
[[File:Diabetes-528678 960 720.jpg|250x250px|alt=|thumb]]
17 KB (2,243 words) - 12:13, 10 July 2022
...ased on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/claire-robertson// Claire Robertson]<br>'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contribu
== Non-Traumatic Masquerading Conditions ==
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...ity and contractures. Phys Med Rehabil State of the Art Reviews. 1993;7:113-32.</ref>.
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[https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/bernice-saban Bernice Saban]<br>
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37 KB (5,331 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
...North America, and Japan. This is happening because lots of people from FMF-prone areas have moved to these new places in the last 20 years<ref>Onen F,
...ss that leads to the release of certain [[proteins]] called IL-1beta and IL-18. These proteins cause more inflammation in the body, and the immune syste
16 KB (2,251 words) - 11:47, 9 October 2023
...ventions for older people]] with frailty, which are primarily physiotherapy-led, or supervised.
...e Available:https://www.bgs.org.uk/policy-and-media/physiotherapy-and-older-people (accessed 3.12.2022)</ref>
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...rauma Study III: incidence of fractures.] Ann Emerg Med. 1985 Mar;14(3):244-8.</ref> The proximal phalanx is the most usual fracture site, because of i
...and management of toe fractures.] Am Fam Physician. 2003 Dec 15;68(12):2413-8. </ref> axial forces e.g. stubbing a toe, falls, and sports and recreation
13 KB (1,977 words) - 16:06, 5 September 2023
...ty. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy. 2011;41(11):873-86. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22048192. Accessed Marc
== Hip Conditions/Pathology ==
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...fessional Road Cyclists.] The American journal of sports medicine. 38. 2494-501. 10.1177/0363546510376816. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net
...Assessment|lumbar]] spine, [[Hip Anatomy|hip]], [[knee]], [[Ankle and Foot|ankle]]) gets a problem it can pull on the knee joint changing the way the knee f
14 KB (2,030 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
[[File:Distal-femoral-fracture.png|thumb|290x290px|Distal-femoral-fracture]]
...femoral fracture Available:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/distal-femoral-fracture (accessed 11.12.2022)</ref>Other names: Supracondylar femur fractur
11 KB (1,469 words) - 08:40, 11 December 2022
...essed 25.10.2020)</ref> For those who do develop a DVT and survive, '''post-thrombotic phlebitis''' is a lifelong sequela, which has no ideal treatment<
* 2.5-5% of the population is affected
16 KB (2,344 words) - 15:05, 2 February 2023
...rebral-palsy/severity-of-cerebral-palsy/gross-motor-function-classification-system/</nowiki> (accessed 10 May 2020).</ref>.
...ith CP experience a decline in walking ability and function despite that 70-80% walk independently or with gait aids. Maintenance of walking ability is
27 KB (4,112 words) - 17:30, 21 November 2020
...ps://www.vox.com/2016/8/8/12404556/rio-olympics-2016-cupping-michael-phelps-evidence Michael Phelps using cups]]]
...es of cupping therapy have been used to treat many diseases with different conditions that include improvement of sports performance<ref name=":0" />.
26 KB (3,809 words) - 20:22, 10 December 2023
...ased on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/krista-eskay/ Krista Eskay]<br>
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22 KB (3,065 words) - 05:44, 19 December 2023
...tion|range of motion]] in assessment. There are multiple types of joint end-feels all of which are different for each individual.
...therapist, as resistance or a barrier to further motion, is called the end-feel<ref name=":0">Susan B.O'Sullivan, Thomas J. Schmitz, George D. Fulk. Ph
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...Training. Available at - https://msktc.org/sci/factsheets/Gait-Training-and-SCI</ref>
...he suspected level of impairment. Key muscle strength is scored using the 6-point ordinal scale commonly used for manual muscle testing.<ref name=":5" /
21 KB (3,169 words) - 18:23, 30 September 2022
...oscillatory manual force may be applied to the tibiofemoral, proximal tibio-fibular, or patellofemoral joints, in a variety of directions and positions
.../607722244 Maitland’s peripheral manipulation.] 4th ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005.</ref>
12 KB (1,739 words) - 13:47, 10 February 2024
...fracture Available:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/neck-of-femur-fracture-1?lang=us (accessed 9.12.2022)</ref>
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...ussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]]
[[File:Right-femoral-stress-fracture.png|thumb|Bone scan]]
12 KB (1,695 words) - 09:58, 10 May 2024
...es of low back pain]] have been ruled out, individuals are said to have non-specific (or simple or mechanical) back pain.
...he source of low back pain.] European Spine Journal. 2007 Oct 1;16(10):1539-50.</ref>
25 KB (3,634 words) - 23:31, 18 December 2023
[[File:Talipes-equinovarus-Picture.jpg|thumb]]
...ic clubfoot]. Clinical orthopaedics and related research. 2002 Aug 1;401:39-48.</ref>. The foot affected by clubfoot is shorter, and the calf circumfer
24 KB (3,660 words) - 19:10, 22 October 2022
...1ak2mabi02g8 Therapeutic modalities in rehabilitation]. 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Medical, 2017</ref>
...ut power of less than 0.5 Watts is classed as Low Level Laser Therapy [[Low-level laser therapy|LLLT]] ( class III in the USA) whereas lasers with an
7 KB (1,015 words) - 07:34, 12 October 2022
...''Original Editor '''- [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/mauro-banfi/ Mauro Banfi] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPA
...ral dysfunctions such as increased tension of their anterior muscular peri-laryngeal chain.<ref name=":1" /> These postural dysfunctions can, however,
22 KB (3,161 words) - 23:48, 18 December 2023
...Shortwave Therapy. http://www.electrotherapy.org/modality/pulsed-shortwave-therapy (accessed 27 Nov 2016)</ref>
...therapy (PSWT). Physiotherapy Research International. 2010 Dec 1;15(4):199-211 (Level of evidence: 2b)</ref> <br>
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...st.] Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2005 May 1;86(5):993-8.</ref>.
...ity after stroke. In: Refshauge, K, Ada, L, Ellis E (2005) editors. Science-based rehabilitation: theories into practice. Sydney: Elsevier; 87–106.</r
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...alli S. [https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/viewarticle/22669/ Heart-Lung Transplantation.] StatPearls [Internet]. 2020 Jul 5.Available: https://
...art surgeon, Dr Christiaan Barnard, performed the first successful human-to-human heart transplant operation in 1967 in Cape Town, South Africa. Unfortu
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...'' - [[User:Naomi O'Reilly|Naomi O'Reilly]] and [http://relabhs.org/ ReLAB-HS]
...national Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics. [https://www.ispoint.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/ispo_standards_nov2018_sprea.pdf ISPO Education Stan
14 KB (1,840 words) - 09:05, 28 July 2023
...have recognised trauma and complications of management of musculoskeletal conditions by traditional bone setters as the leading cause of amputation in Nigeria.
My client is a 44-year-old male farmer who lives and farm in a rural area of North Central part of
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...nt treatment strategies for patella fractures.] Orthopedics. 2015;38(6):377-84.</ref><ref name=":3">Archdeacon M., Sanders R. Chapter 54 - Patella Fract
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...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/dana-mather/ Dana Mather]<br>
...ref> Cerebral palsy can also lead to a number of secondary musculoskeletal conditions, which can also affect functional ability.<ref name=":0" />
16 KB (2,301 words) - 10:23, 8 November 2023
...Can Running Cause Osteoarthritis?] ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal 19(1):23-28.</ref>
...endons, and ligaments. Its main cause its linked to metabolic and systemic conditions, such as [[hypercholesterolemia]], [[hypertension]], and high blood glucose
27 KB (3,985 words) - 03:38, 3 September 2023
...he effect of LLD on function, and its role in various neuromusculoskeletal conditions<ref name=":0" />.<br>
...om: https://www.podiatrytoday.com/keys-recognizing-and-treating-limb-length-discrepancy Last accessed 12.11.2019)</ref>
23 KB (3,402 words) - 10:00, 10 May 2024
...y [[sciatica]], however, the term 'sciatica' is typically used to refer to conditions where the sciatic nerve is irritated or compressed, rather than being injur
...and Outcome: A Case Series Study. Iran J Child Neurol. Summer 2015;9(3):69-72.</ref> via intramuscular injection at gluteal region (dorsogluteal site)
12 KB (1,768 words) - 14:18, 7 May 2023
...wska]] based on course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/rina-pandya/ Rina Pandya]<br>
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...]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/dana-palmer// Dana Palmer]<br>
...FUs), (4) pressure injuries, formerly known as pressure ulcers, and (5) non-healing surgical wounds.
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