...]] (ES) group (the intermediate layer of the intrinsic [[Back Muscles|back muscles]]). The ES is made of three subgroups, with the group divisions occurring b
...muscles, which spinalis belong to, are the most powerful extensors of the spine.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
3 KB (371 words) - 06:32, 4 February 2022
[[File:Muscles of the cervical region intermediate muscles Primal.png|thumb|437x437px]]
...ia Erector Spinae Available:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/erector-spinae-group?lang=us (accessed 4.2.2022)</ref>.
2 KB (309 words) - 06:55, 4 February 2022
[[File:Muscles of the back erector spinae group Primal.png|thumb|442x442px]]
...al column of the [[Erector Spinae|erector spinae]], named the [[Spinalis]] muscles.
2 KB (222 words) - 07:00, 4 February 2022
...acis) based on their superior attachments and location. The erector spinae muscles, including longissimus, are the most powerful extensors of the vertebral co
The tips of transverse process of all thoracic vertebrae and the lower 9 or 10 ribs between the tubercles and angles <ref
2 KB (272 words) - 07:05, 5 February 2022
[[File:250px-Iliostalis.png|thumb|Iliocostalis]]
The [[Iliocostalis]] muscles are the most lateral components of the [[Erector Spinae|erector spinae grou
2 KB (296 words) - 02:37, 6 February 2022
[[File:Semispinalis c.jpg|thumb|Deep back muscles]]
...olved muscles are: [[Back Muscles|back extensor miuscles]] (intrinsic back muscles) aided by [[Latissimus Dorsi Muscle|latissimus dorsi]], [[Quadratus Lumboru
5 KB (662 words) - 02:05, 31 January 2022
[[File:Deep back muscles.png|thumb|Deep muscles of the back.]]
...subgroups: semispinalis, [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]] and [[Rotatores Muscles|rotatores]].
6 KB (817 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...muscle group is a very deep layer of muscles located on either side of the spine.
...spinalis Available: https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/semispinalis-muscle#1<nowiki/>(accessed 2.2.2022)</ref>
4 KB (496 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...with the tendons and muscles, provides a natural brace to help protect the spine from injury.
...https://www.coloradospineinstitute.com/education/anatomy/ligaments-tendons-muscles/ (last accessed 11.5.2020)</ref>.
6 KB (845 words) - 01:32, 8 December 2021
[[File:250px-Longissimus.png|thumb|Longissimus]]
...ilable:https://study.com/academy/lesson/longissimus-muscle-origin-insertion-function.html (accessed 5.2.2022)</ref>:
4 KB (479 words) - 10:29, 15 September 2023
...ion, when both splenius cervicis muscles contract they extend the cervical spine. <ref name=":0">Palastanga, N., & Soames, R. (2012). Anatomy and human move
...Available at: <https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/splenius-cervicis-muscle> [Accessed 26 November 2021].</ref>
2 KB (257 words) - 12:45, 26 November 2021
...es</ref> Often penetrated by the dorsal scapular<ref name=":0" /> and long thoracic nerves<ref name=":1">Bordoni B, Varacallo M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
...https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544222/ Anatomy, Head and Neck, Inter-scalene Triangle]. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Nov 5. StatPearls Publishing
3 KB (443 words) - 14:39, 16 December 2022
It is thicker and broader in the lumbar than in the thoracic region, it merges to thoracolumbar fascia.<ref name=":0" />
*The supraspinous ligament serves as a midline attachment for some important muscles.
3 KB (483 words) - 20:34, 8 September 2019
...he psoas minor muscle in human fetuses. Int J Morphol. 2012 Mar 1;30(1):136-9.</ref> There is limited research on the psoas minor muscle since its prese
...vertebrae. There are two psoas minors, if present, one on each side of the spine.
4 KB (670 words) - 01:10, 1 April 2024
...olumn inferior to the 6th cervical (C6) vertebra and superior to the first thoracic (T1) <ref name=":0" />.
[[File:Vertebra-prominens-grays-illustration.jpeg|right|frameless]]
4 KB (656 words) - 19:01, 8 March 2024
...d intrinsic [[Back Muscles|back muscles]] of the thoracolumbar region. The thoracic nerves also supply some of the areas of skin over the abdomen and axilla.
...s://www.marylandbackandneckpaindoctors.com/symptoms-of-thoracic-spine-nerve-damage/ (accessed 7,2,2022)</ref>.
6 KB (958 words) - 18:59, 8 March 2024
[[File:Muscles of the cervical region intermediate muscles Primal.png|thumb|399x399px|alt=|Top R arrow Spinalis Capitis]]
...tor spinae group is the intermediate layer of the intrinsic [[Back Muscles|muscles of the back]]. The erector spinae consists of three subgroups, with the gro
3 KB (464 words) - 06:34, 4 February 2022
...ces the spine at end of [[Range of Motion|range of motion]] and leaves the spine prone to acute and chronic injuries.
...ngs]], and low back. This exercise also relies on your [[Core Muscles|core muscles]] to assist in the movement.
5 KB (758 words) - 17:55, 29 August 2022
[[File:250px-Iliostalis.png|thumb|400x400px|Iliocostalis]]
...ia Erector Spinae Available:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/erector-spinae-group?lang=us (accessed 6.2.2022)</ref>.
5 KB (736 words) - 02:32, 6 February 2022
...diagnosis with clinical implications. Pain physician. 2016 Aug 1;19(6):363-72.</ref>It consists of long and slender tendons.
[[File:Sagittal section of the cervical spine Primal.png|right|frameless|400x400px]]
2 KB (262 words) - 19:37, 30 March 2021
[[File:Edgar-chaparro-sHfo3WOgGTU-unsplash.jpg|right|frameless|300x300px]]
The [[Back Muscles|muscles of the back]] can be arranged into 3 categories based on their location:
9 KB (1,326 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...eir corresponding [[Thoracic Vertebrae|thoracic vertebrae]], enclosing the thoracic cage from the posterior side.[[File:Gray312.png|Costovertebral articulation
# intra-articular ligament - attaches the intervertebral disc to the ridge in betwee
6 KB (952 words) - 13:30, 9 April 2024
<div class="pp-no-course-suggestions pp-no-article-suggestions"></div>
...hat page. It will look something like this: <br>'''Deep flexor muscles of the forearm Primal.png'''
21 KB (3,064 words) - 18:47, 14 June 2021
...ese muscles are vital for allowing free movement of the spine.[[Image:250px-Iliostalis.png|Iliocostalis lumborum bottom R, iliocostalis dorsi at centre|
...umborum Available: https://www.rehabmypatient.com/lumbar-spine/iliocostalis-lumborum (accessed 1.12.2021)</ref>
6 KB (839 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...cis is one of the four deep cervical flexor muscles (AKA anterior cervical muscles) together with [[Longus Capitis]], [[Rectus Capitis Anterior]] and [[Rectus
...portion arises from the front of the bodies of the first two or three thoracic vertebræ
3 KB (448 words) - 10:23, 22 July 2021
The ribs are the bony framework of the thoracic cavity.
...he main structure of the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] cage protecting the thoracic organs, however their main function is to aid [[Breathing Pattern Disorders
6 KB (901 words) - 11:05, 16 January 2024
[[File:Rotatores.png|thumb|Rotatores: deepest muscles in the transversospinalis group]]
...up]], the deep layer of the intrinsic [[Back Muscles|back muscles]]. These muscles lie between the transverse and spinous processes and are grouped by length
6 KB (794 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
[[File:Muscles back drawing.jpeg|thumb|Drawing Back Muscles |alt=]]
There are three major groups of back [[Muscle|muscles]]:
8 KB (1,054 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...arms in the opposite direction.<ref>[http://morphopedics.wikidot.com/lumbar-rotation#:~:text=Lumbar%20rotation%20can%20be%20preformed,of%20your%20lower%
...ournal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics. 2005 May 1;28(4):238-44.
3 KB (487 words) - 15:59, 29 October 2020
...153016392695/Effect-of-standing-postural-deviations-on-trunk-and-hip-muscle-activity.pdf?origin=publication_detail (last accessed 10.12.2019)</ref>
...a M, Kotwicki T. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5836359/ Non-structural misalignments of body posture in the sagittal plane]. Scoliosis a
8 KB (1,044 words) - 14:03, 21 May 2020
...[[trapezius]] to form parallel bands that pass inferolaterally from the [[Thoracic Vertebrae|vertebrae]] to the medial border of the [[scapula]]. Rhomboi
...J. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534856/ Anatomy, Back, Rhomboid Muscles.] StatPearls [Internet]. 2021 Jul 26. Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go
10 KB (1,387 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...control study.] Brazilian journal of physical therapy. 2019 Jul 1;23(4):346-54. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6630105/#bi
* Stiff upper thoracic spine or rounded upper spine causing cervical spine to hyperextend to see ahead.
8 KB (1,232 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Thoracic Manipulation for Shoulder Dysfunction}}
...study. Journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy. 2014 Jul;44(7):475-87.</ref>
7 KB (993 words) - 18:52, 17 January 2024
...ch provide cushioning between the vertebrae and absorb pressure put on the spine. It is a nearly universal condition in those who reach advanced age, but it
...023, July 12. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/249036-overview]</ref>. Although some people experience no symptoms, others may fee
5 KB (671 words) - 10:30, 14 October 2023
[[File:Muscles of the cervical region multifidus superficial layer Primal.png|thumb|Multif
.../article/S1356-689X(13)00087-8/pdf (accessed 9.2.2022)</ref> Neck extensor muscles needs to control the head (which can weigh an average of 4.5kg), and for th
7 KB (1,075 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...is one of the [[Core Muscles|core]] and [[Paraspinal Muscles|paraspinal]] muscles, is a large and superficial muscle that lies just deep to the [[Thoracolumb
...a Erector Spinae Available: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/erector-spinae-group?lang=us<nowiki/>(accessed 5.3.2022)</ref>
13 KB (1,715 words) - 13:29, 9 April 2024
The Quadratus Lumborum (QL) is the deepest [[Back Muscles|back muscle]] and originates from the [[Ilium|iliac crest]] and inserts on
Innervation of the QL is via the twelfth [[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|thoracic nerve]] and the spinal rami of the lumbar [[Spinal Nerves|spinal nerves]].
7 KB (1,060 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
[[File:Sam-burriss-zHSX9o2 B7Y-unsplash.jpg|right|frameless|375x375px]]
...o a compressed nerve root in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic area]] of the spine. This is the least common location for radiculopathy. The symptoms often fo
10 KB (1,299 words) - 12:41, 25 April 2020
[[File:Sam-burriss-zHSX9o2 B7Y-unsplash.jpg|right|frameless|600x600px]]
...ge P. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19563667?dopt=Abstract Thoracic spine pain in the general population: prevalence, incidence and associated factor
7 KB (983 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
...hold in common the analysis of movement in the body and its effect on the spine. <ref>Functional Soft Tissue Examination and Treatment by Manual Metho
...s of the ELDOA exercises can be described both locally and generally Longer-range secondary effects are also described.
4 KB (551 words) - 07:44, 14 October 2016
[[File:Dead-lifts.png|thumb|Romanian Dead Lift]]
...tionary Romanian Deadlift Available:https://www.yourdictionary.com/romanian-deadlift (accessed 18.2.2022)</ref>. The deadlift is a [[Strength Training|s
7 KB (1,003 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...oney V . [https://www.elsevier.com/books/movement-stability-and-lumbopelvic-pain/9780443101786 Movement, Stability & Lumbopelvic Pain 2nd Edition] . Ph
...ligamentum flavum, causing pretension in the neutral position (interspinous-supraspinous thoracolumbar ligamentous complex)<ref name=":0" />
7 KB (1,004 words) - 12:25, 24 July 2023
<div class="editorbox"> '''Original Editor '''<span style="line-height: 1.5em;">- </span>[[User:Joshua Samuel|Joshua Samuel]]
Scalene are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck: scalenus anterior, scalenus medius and scalenus poster
9 KB (1,366 words) - 21:58, 21 March 2023
...n the superior [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine and the inferior lumbar spine. It consists of 12 vertebrae that are distinct in shape and function from v
...e thoracic vertebrae are medium sized and heart shaped. They are all weight-bearing and generally increase in size from superiorly to inferiorly with an
13 KB (1,793 words) - 12:44, 27 May 2023
...capula]. 2021 Available from: <nowiki>https://www.theskeletalsystem.net/arm-bones/scapula.html</nowiki>. (accessed August 16 2023).</ref>.
The main part of the scapula, the body, consists of a somewhat triangular-shaped flat blade, with an inferiorly pointing apex, referred to as the infe
11 KB (1,564 words) - 13:34, 26 August 2023
...C6006542/ Comparison of core muscle activation between a prone bridge and 6-RM back squats.] Journal of human kinetics. 2018 Jun;62:43. Available: https
...: https://www.healthline.com/health/exercise-fitness/squats-benefits#bottom-line<nowiki/>(accessed 19.2.2022)</ref>.
5 KB (680 words) - 02:02, 20 February 2022
'''Original Editor '''- [http://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Wendy_Walker Wendy Walker]
...Muscles|paraspinal muscles]] from the muscles of the posterior [[Abdominal Muscles|abdominal wall]].
11 KB (1,671 words) - 14:33, 1 September 2023
...-04-10 at 3.26.18 PM.jpg|thumb|256x256px|external and internal intercostal muscles]]
...n their function<ref>https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/intercostal-muscles</ref>.
9 KB (1,391 words) - 16:28, 16 March 2023
Temporo-mandibular joint:<ref name=":1" />
== Canine Spine ==
17 KB (2,488 words) - 06:40, 17 October 2022
'''Original Editor '''- [https://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Chelsea_Mclene Chelsea Mclene]
...bone. It is a congenital overdevelopment of transverse process of cervical spine vertebra<ref>Fliegel BE, Menezes RG. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB
8 KB (1,140 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
We have two serratus muscles: the most commonly known [[Serratus Anterior|serratus anterior muscle]] and
The serratus posterior muscle is an intermediate layer of back muscles, consisting of the serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior infer
6 KB (806 words) - 21:36, 19 April 2024
...Nerves|cranial nerves]]) with a few exceptions eg [[Cervical Anatomy|neck muscles]] are supplied by the spinal nerves.
...nerves Available: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/nerves-innervation-of-the-spine/<nowiki/>(accessed 6.2.2022)</ref>
6 KB (862 words) - 19:00, 8 March 2024
...lateral facet joints transfer loads and guide and constrain motions in the spine due to their geometry and mechanical function<ref>Nicolas V. Jaumard, Willi
...superior facet of the inferior vertebra is rather flat in the cervical and thoracic regions and more convex in the lumbar region. The opposing inferior facet o
9 KB (1,284 words) - 12:22, 29 January 2020
[[File:Latissimus+Dorsi+Origin+Spinous+processes+of+inferior+6+thoracic+vertebrae,+thoracolumbar+fascia,+iliac+crest,+and+inferior+3+or+4+ribs..jpg
...rimary function is of the upper extremity but is also considered to be a [[Muscles of Respiration|respiratory accessory muscle]].<ref name=":4">Jeno SH, Varac
11 KB (1,607 words) - 10:02, 2 April 2024
...ussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]]
[[File:SPINE ANATOMY.jpg|thumb]]
13 KB (1,940 words) - 16:55, 2 February 2024
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/rina-pandya/ Rina Pandya]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{F
...e review.] Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2020 Oct 1;24(4):423-31.</ref>
7 KB (964 words) - 18:21, 13 January 2023
This guide gives a general overview of the anatomy of the thoracic spine. It also includes some facts regarding pathophysiology in this region.
The sagittal plane alignment of the Thoracic spine is on average 35% (normal range is 20° to 50°).<ref name=":2" />
20 KB (2,892 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...bar spine]] this approach is now well established. In the management of non-specific [[Back Education Program|low back pain]] the subgrouping and classi
...the alignment of the lumbar spine have been noted in subjects with flexion-related lumbar pain<ref name=":1" />.
14 KB (2,141 words) - 18:21, 13 July 2021
...nvLOvDZxoN2q9qAMIR8_X0_wow Clinical Orthopaedic Rehabilitation: An Evidence-based Approach.] 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2011</ref><
A positive test should be compared with the non-symptomatic side.
9 KB (1,284 words) - 08:27, 10 February 2022
...PV. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2953347/ Alternative pop-up for surfers with low back pain.] North American journal of sports physica
...'(4), pp.394-401. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1809-29502016000400394&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en#B3 (last accessed 16.9.2019)</r
10 KB (1,440 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...]]This page outlines some Manual Techniques and Exercises for the Thoracic Spine.
...ater stages of life. Additionally, reduced ROM or strength in the thoracic spine will affect the entire kinetic chain.
15 KB (2,172 words) - 02:09, 10 May 2024
...[https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/tanya-bell-jenje/ Tanya Bell-Jenje]<br>
...lude:<ref name=":0">Bell-Jenje T. Assessment and Treatment of the Thoracic Spine Course. Plus , 2021.</ref>
15 KB (2,131 words) - 11:47, 28 March 2024
...f> The ribs form the main structure of the thoracic cage that protects the thoracic organs. There are 12 pairs of ribs which are separated by intercostal spac
* The only rib that articulates with one thoracic vertebra only (T1).<ref name=":2" />
9 KB (1,331 words) - 07:29, 19 March 2024
...ure and the lower quarter and upper quarter.<ref name=":0">Kolt GS, Snyder-Mackler L. Physical Therapies in Sport and Exercise. 2nd ED. Edinburgh. Chur
...t is anterior [[Pelvic Tilt|pelvic tilt]]. This alters the position of the spine resulting in a [[Low Back Pain Related to Hyperlordosis|hyperlordosis]], wh
7 KB (1,078 words) - 10:24, 20 December 2023
...liopsoas Muscle.</ref>. The psoas muscle is one of the [[Core Muscles|core muscles]].
[[File:Anterior Hip Muscles.png|alt=Psoas major muscle (highlighted in green) - anterior view|right|fra
8 KB (1,218 words) - 23:54, 31 March 2024
...a good rehabilitation program incorporating stretches, strengthening and co-ordination and postural training.
...ion (whilst paddling) increases the demands on the structures of the upper spine and associated soft tissues.
12 KB (1,756 words) - 22:38, 15 June 2020
[[File:Torso-rectus-abdominis-transversus-abdominis.png|right|frameless]]
...cles, commonly referred to as your "six-pack." It is two flat and parallel muscles separated by linea alba (a connective tissue). It acts to flex the spinal c
6 KB (840 words) - 07:01, 19 December 2021
[[File:Chris-benson-yx-iJFybOBQ-unsplash.jpg|right|frameless|400x400px]]
...ture (FHP) is a poor habitual neck posture. It often co-exists with [[Upper-Crossed Syndrome|Upper Crossed Syndrome]]
12 KB (1,595 words) - 12:02, 13 May 2024
...stibulospinal tracts Available: https://brainmadesimple.com/vestibulospinal-tracts/<nowiki/>(accessed 27.4.2022)</ref>.
...nse to the head being tilted to one side. Antigravity muscles are extensor muscles in the limbs<ref name="Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald MJT, Gruener G, Mtui E. Clini
6 KB (827 words) - 06:01, 27 April 2022
...ndrome: an anatomic-clinical study. Bull Hosp Jt Dis. 1993 Spring;53(1):21-4. Level of Evidence 3B</ref> that is still used in clinical practice i
...ct of the scapula, between the superior angle and the root of the scapular spine. Its function is to assist with various neck, arm and shoulder movements su
8 KB (1,237 words) - 16:55, 9 December 2020
[[File:Curl-up.jpg|curl-up exercise |alt=|right|frameless]]
...ith high [[Endurance Exercise|endurance]] helps prevent [[Low Back Pain|low-back pain]].<ref name=":3" />
7 KB (992 words) - 05:38, 3 January 2022
...1610010143 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis]. ''Open Orthop J''. 2016;10:143-154.</ref>.
...Journal of children's orthopaedics. 2012;7(1):3-9.</ref>. Approximately, 1-4% of the adolescent population is affected by this condition, with females
11 KB (1,577 words) - 17:17, 1 June 2021
[[File:250px-Longissimus.png|thumb|Longissimus]]
...ides of the spinal column, from the lower back up to the neck. These three muscles include:
7 KB (1,049 words) - 00:22, 26 November 2023
...s injuries of the clavicle and its articulation. JBJS. 1967 Jun 1;49(4):774-84.</ref>
...ers. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research. 2014 Nov 1;100(7):727-31.</ref>. The first compartment lies between the manubrium and the disc and
14 KB (1,878 words) - 11:27, 18 August 2022
...etching (neuropraxia,), tearing (called “avulsion” when the tear is at the spine, and “rupture” when it is not), or scarring (neuroma) of the brachial p
The main mechanism of injury is hyper-abduction traction and depending on the intensity, cause signs and symptoms
7 KB (1,072 words) - 16:51, 9 May 2023
...History+and+Iconography-+Leonard+Peltier&ots=agGSIcJe1Z&sig=rUE3SnAUBhSTEHj-GJowU3pOipA Orthopedics: a history and iconography]. Norman Publishing; 1993
It was noticed that during crawling on all fours, at a certain moment, the spine gets exposed to a mobilizing, exercising and corrective influence, so he es
6 KB (868 words) - 13:58, 4 April 2024
...gether with the semispinalis and rotatores form the [[transversospinales]] muscles group. Multifidusi lies deep to the semispinalis and superficial to the rot
...<ref name=":0">Drake R, Vogl AW, Mitchell AW. Gray's Anatomy for Students E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2009 Apr 4.</ref>
11 KB (1,714 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
[[Image:Scapulothoracic-joint.jpg|center]]
...evier; 2006</ref> and the medial border is about 6 cms lateral to the spine.
11 KB (1,764 words) - 21:53, 29 August 2019
...systematic review and meta-analysis. Physical therapy. 2018 Jan 1;98(1):40-62.</ref>.
...ational Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. 2007 Jan 1;13(2):215-23.</ref>. This emphasizes the need for workplace interventions to reduce an
10 KB (1,410 words) - 14:36, 29 January 2024
...int range of motion, alleviation of [[Pain Assessment|pain]] in joints and muscles, and restoring strength due to muscle weakness. This case study depicts wha
...ns in patients with thyroid disease. Clinical Endocrinology. 2003;59(2):162-7</ref> <br>
7 KB (994 words) - 15:15, 6 September 2021
...ation model whose time has come. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007;37(11):658-660.</ref> For example, patients who complain of [[Low Back Pain|LBP]] may a
...k pain: a distal link to a proximal problem. J Sport Rehabil. 2009;18(1):24-32.</ref>
7 KB (1,039 words) - 06:10, 22 March 2018
...workup, and solutions. Current sports medicine reports. 2006 Nov 1;5(6):289-92.</ref>
* Running<ref>Morton DP, Aune T. Runner’s stitch and the thoracic spine. British journal of sports medicine. 2004 Apr 1;38(2):240-.</ref>
4 KB (528 words) - 18:06, 17 October 2020
...lectromyographic study of 115 patients with [[Carpal Tunnel Syndrome|carpal-tunnel syndromes]] or lesions of the [[Ulnar Nerve|ulnar nerve]] at the [[el
...e Journal of Hand Surgery]: British & European Volume. 1985 Jun 1;10(2):202-4.</ref><br>
8 KB (1,200 words) - 19:07, 15 August 2023
...''Original Editor '''- [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/petra-zikmann/ Petra Zikmann] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FU
...:e0222822.</ref> However, it is often difficult to distinguish whether the spine or limb is the primary cause of lameness in a horse as spinal problems are
17 KB (2,705 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
...ased on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/daphne-xuan/ Daphne Xuan]<br>
...1;12(2):e053999.</ref>[[File:C-spine-picture.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Cervical spine]]
35 KB (4,842 words) - 10:49, 1 September 2023
...extends downwards from the [[brainstem]] through the central column of the spine. It is a relatively small bundle of tissue (weighing 35g and just about 1cm
...Brain Anatomy|brain]] to other parts of the body (importantly the [[Muscle|muscles]] we use to move) and receives sensory input from the body, partially proce
12 KB (1,785 words) - 18:31, 17 January 2023
...''Original Editor '''- [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/mauro-banfi/ Mauro Banfi] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPA
...pg|thumb|Figure 1. Thoracic kyphosis. ]][[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|Increased thoracic kyphosis]] (see Figure 1)
18 KB (2,563 words) - 20:05, 9 January 2024
...area of origin.<ref>http://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/pectoral-region/ (accessed 1 July 2018). </ref>
...tion. <ref name=":0">Kendall F, McCreary E, Provance P,Rodgers M,Romani W. Muscles:Testing and function with posture and pain. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincot
12 KB (1,789 words) - 18:32, 17 March 2023
...al of Physiotherapy. He is also the author of two books:<ref name="mulligan-5">Manual therapy NAGS,SNAGS,MWMS,etc by Brian R.Mulligan, 5th edition, 2004
...of the extremities and SNAGS (sustained natural apophyseal glides) of the spine were first coined by Brian R. Mulligan <ref>Mulligan, BR: Manual Therapy �
10 KB (1,553 words) - 21:19, 17 October 2020
[[File:Sam-burriss-zHSX9o2 B7Y-unsplash.jpg|right|frameless]]
...ted to the particular orientation, structure, and function of the thoracic spine in the vertebral column.
18 KB (2,502 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
== Cervico-Thoracic ==
...s://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/cp94b.pdf Acute Thoracic Spinal Pain] from the Australian Acute Musculoskeletal Pain Guidelines Grou
15 KB (2,084 words) - 19:01, 24 September 2016
...linician. Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease. 2012 Apr;4(2):61-76. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383520/ (access
...ystems-1417/bone-development-1497/bone-tissue-and-the-effects-of-aging-1500-11222/</ref> The reasons for this are multi factorial, including:.
6 KB (768 words) - 12:04, 19 December 2022
...reased flexion of the hips, and a compensatory hyperlordosis in the lumbar spine.
...ese muscles are inhibited and substituted by activation of the superficial muscles.
16 KB (2,431 words) - 16:46, 15 December 2022
...trachea)<ref name=":0">Lang, J., 1993. ''Clinical anatomy of the cervical spine''. Stuttgart; New York: Thieme.</ref> is located at the anterior aspect of
...Lee, S. and Kim, I., 2013. ''Surgical Anatomy and Techniques to the Spine E-Book''. Elsevier Health Sciences.</ref>
9 KB (1,255 words) - 19:01, 8 March 2024
[[File:Muscles of the cervical region multifidus superficial layer Primal.png|right|framel
...ding of this anatomy is essential for assessment and treatment of cervical spine problems.
21 KB (2,995 words) - 17:23, 26 June 2023
...e abdominal wall (anterior view)|right|frameless|600x600px|Overview of the muscles of the abdominal wall (anterior view)]]
...dominal walls, the abdomen being the portion of the trunk connecting the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] and [[pelvis]]. An abdominal wall is formed of [[skin]], [
15 KB (2,185 words) - 16:41, 11 April 2022
....gov/pmc/articles/PMC8301671/ Limb development in skeletally-immature large-sized dogs: A radiographic study]. Plos one. 2021 Jul 23;16(7):e0254788.</re
...o L, Angileri V, Morabito S, Cassata G, Macrì F. [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/3/813 Four Unusual Cases of Congenital Forelimb Malformations in Dog
19 KB (2,783 words) - 23:14, 3 January 2023
...able: https://drbradcole.com/functional-assessment-rehabilitation-cervical-spine/<nowiki/>(accessed 22.4.2022)</ref>.
...y.com/making-the-shift-from-treating-dysfunction-to-treating-sensitivity-in-rehabilitation/ (accessed 22.4.2022)</ref>
11 KB (1,455 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...he ULTT's are equivalent to the straight leg raise designed for the lumbar spine.
...e both diagnostic and therapeutic. Once the diagnosis of [http://www.physio-pedia.com/CPR_for_Cervical_Radiculopathy cervical radiculopathy] is made, th
13 KB (1,862 words) - 19:12, 8 March 2024
...itor '''- [[User:Lorenza Perez|Lorena Perez]] as part of [http://www.physio-pedia.com/ICRC_Cerebral_Palsy_Content_Development_Project#Articles_to_be_dev
...: Dyskinetic and Ataxic. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s-n4eFypPc [last accessed 13/08/16]</ref>
19 KB (2,702 words) - 10:14, 2 November 2023
...and can be described as an exaggerated anterior curvature of the thoracic spine that is associated with aging<ref name="Jang et al." />
* Anterior curvature of the thoracic spine is normal and present due to the shape of the vertebral bodies and interver
19 KB (2,697 words) - 04:41, 21 November 2022
...ochemical characteristics. American Journal of anatomy. 1990 Nov;189(3):236-44.Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2148051/<nowiki/>(accessed 6.1
...capula]], and to head [[balance]] through muscular control of the cervical spine.
12 KB (1,714 words) - 13:29, 18 March 2023
...Aetiology of rib stress fractures in rowers]. Sports Med 2002; 32 (13): 819-36</ref>
...of ultrasound?. British journal of sports medicine. 2017 Jul 1;51(14):1093-7.</ref>
14 KB (2,205 words) - 02:24, 27 January 2023
...ome (greek: myo=muscle, tome = a section, volume) is defined as a group of muscles which is innervated by single spinal nerve root. Myotome testing is an ess
...ssessment (4th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier. pp. 467–566. ISBN 978-1-4160-3109-3. </ref>
8 KB (1,315 words) - 19:20, 4 August 2023
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/rina-pandya/ Rina Pandya]<br>'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FU
...lumbar spinal stability. This task is accomplished through increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), minimising displacement of the abdominal contents
16 KB (2,238 words) - 12:19, 22 November 2023
...erneck LC. Dropped head syndrome in motor neuron disease. Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria. 2006 Mar;64(1):118.</ref>.
...ia, and social implications.<ref name=":0">Burakgazi AZ, Richardson PK, Abu-Rub M. Dropped head syndrome due to neuromuscular disorders: Clinical manife
7 KB (917 words) - 19:25, 23 April 2021
...[https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/tanya-bell-jenje/ Tanya Bell-Jenje]<br>
...ll of these conditions must be considered when assessing patients who have thoracic pain.
24 KB (3,497 words) - 11:31, 18 August 2022
...rae and rib cage, including the bony structures, articulations, ligaments, muscles, nerves and the vascular supply.
...ere are four types of bursae: adventitious, subcutaneous, synovial, and sub-muscular.
38 KB (5,505 words) - 08:10, 20 July 2023
...amus of the 1st thoracic nerve. Branches from the 4th cervical and the 2nd thoracic ventral ramus may contribute. <ref name=":9" />
...the brachial plexus can occur between the first rib and clavicle (known as thoracic outlet) and below pectoralis minor <ref name=":9">Anatomy.tv | 3D Human Ana
20 KB (2,786 words) - 00:15, 24 March 2024
...respiration. The phrenic nerve provides the primary motor supply to the [[Muscles of Respiration|diaphragm]], the major respiratory muscle<ref name=":1">Mand
[[File:Major-Branches-of-the-Cervical-Plexus.jpg|thumb|336x336px|Image 2: Origin of the phrenic nerve]]
8 KB (1,169 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...the vertebrae in place, and [[Tendon Anatomy|tendon]]<nowiki/>s attach the muscles to the spinal column.
...d abdominal wall, including the bony structures, articulations, ligaments, muscles, nerves and the vascular supply.
27 KB (3,999 words) - 02:49, 28 August 2023
...ased on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/krista-eskay/ Krista Eskay]<br>
...nts is barrel-shaped and rigid; ribs are elevated and perpendicular to the spine
9 KB (1,231 words) - 14:54, 14 January 2024
...ic outlet, leading to a spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild pain to limb-threatening complications. It remains a complex and controversial condition
...engthening, and postural re-education, plays a crucial role in managing TOS-related symptoms.
18 KB (2,514 words) - 17:40, 10 May 2024
...ical Center. http://www.umm.edu/programs/spine/health/guides/cervical-spine-anatomy. Accessed 21 april 2017.</ref><ref name="Gray">Gray H. Gray's Anatom
...ly specialized and are given unique names: atlas and axis, respectively. C3-C7 are more classic vertebrae, having a body, pedicles, laminae, spinous pro
15 KB (2,243 words) - 10:15, 24 January 2022
...files: overview and current state of art. Acta Biomed. 2017 Apr 28;88(1):11-16. doi: 10.23750/abm.v88i1.5309. PMID: 28467328; PMCID: PMC6166197.]</ref>.
...of injury due to compressive loading. J Athl Train. 2005 Jul-Sep;40(3):155-61. PMID: 16284634; PMCID: PMC1250253.]</ref>.
15 KB (2,158 words) - 12:35, 22 March 2024
[[File:Lumbar-plexus-and-its-branches.png|right|frameless|354x354px]]
...lexus Lumbar Plexus] Available from:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/lumbar-plexus (last accessed 14.9.2020)</ref>.
6 KB (893 words) - 04:26, 22 January 2024
...isten Templin|Kristen Templin]] as part of the [[Temple University Evidence-Based Practice Project|Temple University EBP Project]]
[[File:Thoracic grade 2 T6 PA mobilisations.png|right|frameless]]
25 KB (3,520 words) - 00:01, 11 December 2020
...ca [serial on the Internet]. (2010, Oct), [cited April 4, 2012]; 42(5): 214-219. Available from: Academic Search Premier.</ref>
...ong term results of combined radio surgical treatment. Thorax. 1997; 52:284-6</ref>
12 KB (1,665 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...ess in limbs, numbness/paresthesia, and difficulty in controlling specific muscles.
...For example, a nerve root impingement in the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine may result in pain and weakness in the forearm. Similarly, an impingement i
16 KB (2,204 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...een the active ([[Paraspinal Muscles|muscles]]), passive (osteoligamentous spine), and neural components is necessary to prevent [[Lumbar Instability|instab
...l movements result in various forces acting on the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] and [[sacrum]], that is:
11 KB (1,687 words) - 02:52, 29 November 2022
...tion, and treatment strategies. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2000;100(9 Suppl): S7-14.</ref> However, the upper [[trapezius]] has a clear pain referral pattern
...valuation and treatment strategies. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2001; 5(4): 361-8.</ref>
16 KB (2,368 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
[https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/petra-zikmann/ Petra Zikmann]
This page introduces the Anatomy of Equine Spine and Head.
32 KB (4,713 words) - 11:30, 18 August 2022
'''Original Editor '''- [https://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Shreya_Pavaskar Shreya Pavaskar]
...spinal decompression, such as open or minimally invasive laminectomy, hemi-laminectomy (half laminetomy), [[laminotomy]] and laminoplasty. Decompressio
13 KB (1,759 words) - 14:43, 29 June 2023
...nd lower extremity strength exercises with cardiovascular training in a non-weight bearing environment. Swimmers are unfortunately prone to injuries.
...ntion strategies in competitive swimmers]. Sports health. 2012 May;4(3):246-51. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3435931/ (l
16 KB (2,201 words) - 16:44, 14 May 2024
== Age-related Changes in Connective Tissue ==
# Age-associated alterations in matrix molecule cross-linking
10 KB (1,436 words) - 02:33, 14 August 2022
[[File:Brachial-Plexus.png|right|frameless]]
...Radecki J. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2926354/ Parsonage-Turner Syndrome.] Hospital for Special Surgery Journal, 2010; 6(2): 199–20
13 KB (1,797 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...sten Tsuei|Kristen Tsuei]] as part of the [[Texas State University Evidence-based Practice Project]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{
...ine stenosis.] Available from: https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/guide/spinal-stenosis#1 (last accessed 10.4.2019)</ref> This can lead to squeezing or com
17 KB (2,296 words) - 17:40, 17 October 2020
...ritis: Diagnosis and Treatment; ''Am Fam Physician.'' 2009 Sep 15;80(6):617-620</ref>
The thoracic wall consists of the
16 KB (2,370 words) - 12:51, 2 May 2024
...LLIF and ALIF, ''3''(1), 2–18. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2414-469X.2015.10.05</nowiki></ref>.
...Bthe%2Bpostsurgical%2Borthopedic%2Bpatient.%26ots%3DSR6thhGWWS%26sig%3Dklqy-qyNuMYlSy0rQ8DGa_bGFtg&hl=en&sa=T&oi=gsb&ct=res&cd=0&d=735113821912823632&ei
17 KB (2,420 words) - 11:56, 24 April 2024
...ebrae in place, and tendons attach the muscles to the spinal column. Thirty-one pairs of nerves are rooted to the [[Spinal cord anatomy|spinal cord]] an
...ral regions. The lumbar spine consists of 5 moveable vertebrae (numbered L1-L5). The lumbar vertebrae, as a group, produce a lordotic curve<ref name=":0
23 KB (3,511 words) - 09:38, 12 January 2022
[[File:Bianca-jordan-IPjWtxPJUQc-unsplash.jpg|right|frameless]]
...n normal subjects. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1980 May 1;134(5):979-83.</ref>
23 KB (3,199 words) - 06:59, 30 April 2020
...uxation, spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality, and multiple thoracic compression fracture<ref name=":0">Basu S (2012) Spinal injuries in childre
...y. A Review By Organ System. Phy. Med. and Rehab Clinics, 2015; 26(1); 109-132.
13 KB (1,818 words) - 17:48, 16 March 2022
[[File:Sagittal section of the rotator cuff muscles Primal.png|thumb|500x500px]]
...s]],[[Teres Minor|Teres minor]], and [[Subscapularis]], respectively). The muscles arise from the scapula and connect to the head of the humerus, forming a cu
13 KB (1,786 words) - 18:27, 7 December 2023
...ion of Pain in Migraine and Cervicogenic Headache: A Cross-sectional Single-Site Observational Study. Pain Med. 2020 Sep 11:pnaa282.</ref> although CGH
...capula and Cervicogenic Headaches|upper trapezius]] and [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Anterior_Neck_and_Cervicogenic_Headaches sternocleidomastoid].
17 KB (2,510 words) - 00:31, 28 December 2022
...eview. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research. 2019;9(1):280-6.</ref>.
* Activation of targetting/ specific muscles.
9 KB (1,192 words) - 14:09, 14 May 2021
...d approach to clinical management]. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2011; 6(3): 254-66.</ref> It is, therefore, important to consider the role of the anterior n
...n on the role of the upper cervical spine, please click [https://www.physio-pedia.com/The_Upper_Cervical_Spine_and_Cervicogenic_Headaches here].
18 KB (2,630 words) - 22:54, 17 October 2023
...ei=33D_Y-b6G8K1ywTR2b-ACw&scisig=AAGBfm0_NiE12NAJ6fxWp2LhTVd1yZ0_wA Canine Thoracic Costovertebral and Costotransverse Joints:] Three Case Reports of Dysfuncti
...rscapular pain], university of johannesburg, 2015 </ref> Together with the thoracic cage, the costovertebral and costotransverse joints provide stability.<ref
35 KB (5,073 words) - 17:45, 1 March 2023
[[File:Indian-yogi-yogi-madhav-P SxnJhID1s-unsplash (1).jpg|right|frameless]]
...ostures on head/neck posture and muscle activity. Manual Therapy, 15(1), 54-60</ref>
24 KB (3,502 words) - 15:27, 7 May 2024
...h lower Quality of Life (QoL), depression and extremely high annual medical-care costs.
* Higher body-mass-index (BMI)
10 KB (1,371 words) - 16:28, 16 June 2022
...s/links/5b2aa631aca27209f379600f/Chapter-32-Physiotherapy-in-critically-ill-patients.pdf Physiotherapy in critically ill patients]. The ESC Textbook of
...ally ventilated patients without pneumonia—a narrative review.] Journal of thoracic disease. 2017;9(1): E44. DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.01.32 </ref>
13 KB (1,721 words) - 10:49, 19 October 2023
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/donna-fisher/ Donna Fisher]<br>'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{F
...nal braces are off-the-shelf, although certain situations call for a custom-made device.<ref name=":0" />
18 KB (2,546 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/nick-rainey/ Nick Rainey]
..., G. (2020, December). Non-radicular low back pain: Assessment and evidence-based treatment. ''Australian Journal of General Practice''. Royal Australia
15 KB (2,238 words) - 10:13, 11 January 2023
...lininger|Chris Slininger]] as part of the [[Texas State University Evidence-based Practice Project]]
...ribes compression of the neurovascular structures as they exit through the thoracic outlet (cervicothoracobrachial region).
28 KB (3,738 words) - 18:07, 13 May 2024
[[File:Scoliosis-01.jpg|right|frameless]]
...s an observable deformity. Scoliosis is defined by the [[Cobb's angle]] of spine curvature in the coronal plane and is often accompanied by vertebral rotati
14 KB (2,014 words) - 11:18, 2 May 2024
...''Original Editor '''- [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/petra-zikmann/ Petra Zikmann] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FU
...ues.<ref name=":0">Van der Walt A. Assessment and Management of the Equine Spine Presentation. Plus , 2021.</ref>
18 KB (2,911 words) - 11:31, 18 August 2022
...lobal Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet. 2017 Sep 16;390(10100):1211-59.</ref>
...systems in the brain then send messages back through nerve pathways to the muscles to tell them to move the back gently and carefully so those tissues can hea
25 KB (3,823 words) - 17:19, 29 February 2024
...Joints|Facet]] arthrosis is a painful [[arthritis]]-like condition of the spine caused by degeneration of the joints between the spinal bones.
...Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/facet-arthropathy-treatment-190440</ref> [[File:Facet Joints Anatomy.jpeg|thumb|200x200px]]
13 KB (1,863 words) - 17:10, 19 May 2022
.../books/NBK499966/ (last accessed 20.4.2020)</ref> Image R severe case - pre-operative image of a 22 year old male with Scheuermann's Disease
...[https://search.proquest.com/openview/ff361ff1a9fb8c730bcf25b99dc8ffec/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=40235 Current concepts in Scheuermann's kyphosis]. Ort
25 KB (3,461 words) - 11:35, 12 March 2022
...round the shins" to engage the latissimus dorsi to assist with keeping the spine in a neutral position. An additional cue would be to "squeeze oranges under
...Aug 1;27(8):2338–45. Available from: <nowiki>https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/fulltext/2013/08000/the_valsalva_maneuver__its_effect_on.39.aspx#:~:tex
18 KB (2,908 words) - 22:11, 10 April 2024
...a and the thorax with soft tissues entrapped between them, such as bursas, muscles, or tendons.<ref>Baldawi H, Gouveia K, Gohal C, Almana L, Paul R, Alolabi B
...drome: pictorial essay]. Radiol Bras. 2019;52(4):262-267. doi: 10.1590/0100-3984.2017.0226. </ref> maybe necessary. [[Scapula|See physiopedia page on th
19 KB (2,661 words) - 15:39, 19 October 2023
...ussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]].
..., Kavishwar RA, Shetty AP, Shanmuganathan R. Spondylolysis of the Thoracic Spine with Instability: A Rare Cause for Myelopathy. JBJS Case Connector. 2022 Ja
14 KB (1,923 words) - 13:19, 30 June 2023
...ef> Dynamic restraints result from neuromuscular control over the shoulder muscles, facilitated through motor control and [[Proprioception|proprioceptive inpu
...gamentous receptors, the central nervous system (CNS), and the stabilizing muscles of the shoulder complex.<ref>Blasier RB, Carpenter JE, Huston LJ (1994) Sho
29 KB (4,015 words) - 13:30, 9 April 2024
...emol Yves|Demol Yves]] as part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project]]
...[[Cervical Spondylosis|spondylosis]] (degenerative changes in the cervical spine) but can also be the result of traumatic (fractures and instability) and in
15 KB (2,175 words) - 11:37, 15 November 2023
...class="editorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Cindy John-Chu|Cindy John-Chu]] <br>
...Séquard syndrome]. The Indian Journal of Medical Research 2014; 140(4): 572-573.</ref>. It typically presents with paralysis (hemiparaplegia) on the sid
8 KB (1,049 words) - 18:01, 21 June 2023
...elissa Osti|Melissa Osti]] as part of the [[Texas State University Evidence-based Practice Project]]
[[File:T9-T10 change fracture from MVA.png|thumb|348x348px|T9-T10 chance fracture from MVA]]
27 KB (3,809 words) - 20:48, 17 October 2020
[[File:Scoliosis-01.jpg|thumb|scoliosis clinical presentation|alt=scoliosis clinical presenta
Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It is most often diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence.
31 KB (4,551 words) - 14:29, 29 June 2023
...nal Editor '''- [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/ansi-van-der-walt/ Ansi van der Walt] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{F
...lack+of+knowledge+about+the+functional+aspects+of+the+equine+thoracolumbar+spine+and+pathogenesis+of+back+problems.&source=bl&ots=cAVFEBX9CU&sig=ACfU3U2mopm
18 KB (2,628 words) - 11:48, 18 August 2022
...ow joint. Physiotherapists have a functional knowledge of the complicated 3-joint elbow complex as well as its associated anatomy. They can apply this k
...with the person's symptoms. This assessment will help them develop a multi-modal treatment approach that is individualised to the specific problems and
22 KB (3,234 words) - 01:34, 22 November 2022
...ginal Editor '''- [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/rosanne-le-jeune/ Rosanne Lejeune] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FU
Pelvic hind limb bears 40-45% of the weight and provides the majority of propulsion for locomotion.
11 KB (1,561 words) - 07:15, 19 December 2021
...e to the neurological structures. <ref name="p9">Davarian S. et al.; Trunk muscles strength and endurance in chronic low back pain patients with and without c
...ow back pain?] Network meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Nov;54(21):1279-1287.</ref> Evidence suggests that the lack of muscle strength can itself co
33 KB (5,055 words) - 12:01, 24 April 2024
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/shala-cunningham/ Shala Cunningham ]<br>
...s). It also introduces the Proposed Classification System for the Cervical Spine.
19 KB (2,698 words) - 12:04, 19 March 2024
...ert Bardinas|Robert Bardinas]]; as part of the [[Temple University Evidence-Based Practice Project]]
...the [[elbow]] and the [[Wrist and Hand|wrist]]<ref>Jan Michael C. Lleva, Ke-Vin Chang.Ulnar Neuropathy. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bo
12 KB (1,755 words) - 14:27, 12 April 2021
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/rina-pandya/ Rina Pandya]<br>'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FU
...onized spirometric assessment.] J Appl Physiol (1985). 2010 Oct;109(4):1064-71.</ref> Disorders of the diaphragm and postural deficiencies can negativel
20 KB (2,939 words) - 03:19, 9 November 2023
...hnson]] and [[User:Kasi Lessley|Kasie Lessley]] from the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Pathophysiology_of_Complex_Patient_Problems Bellarmine University
...Management of Crohn's Disease in Adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009; 104: 465-483. doi:10.1038/ajg.208.168</ref>
17 KB (2,454 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...treatments.] Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine. 2008 Mar 1;1(1):1-1.</ref>
...Scapular Winging <ref>Scapular Winging. Available from: http://www.maitrise-orthop.com/viewPage_us.do?id=1010</ref>]]</div>
18 KB (2,511 words) - 18:59, 8 March 2024
..."p1">Zdeblick TA. Compression and wedge fractures: treatment and recovery. Spine Univers 2009</ref><ref name="p2">Alexandru, Daniela, and William So. "Evalu
Osteoporotic spine fractures can be graded based on vertebral height loss as:
26 KB (3,747 words) - 17:01, 17 January 2023
[[File:Scapulohumeral rhythm-1-.png|thumb|274x274px|
...rdle involved in those of the arm on the trunk. J Anat Physiol 1884; 18:209-218.</ref>
22 KB (3,181 words) - 18:31, 11 January 2021
.... The costoclavicular syndrome: a ‘new cause’. Ann Rheum Dis. 1986; 45: 916
-920.</ref> The brachial nerve plexus, subclavian artery and subclavian vein
...octtcr's syndrome): review of 320 Cases. Surg Gvnecol Obstet 1949 ; 88 : 89
-127</ref><div>
8 KB (1,221 words) - 20:01, 27 January 2023
...arises from the [[Atlanto-occipital joint|atlanto-occipital]] and [[Atlanto-axial joint|upper cervical joints]] and perceived in one or more regions of
The [http://www.ihs-headache.org/ International Headache Society] (IHS) has validated cervicogen
27 KB (3,832 words) - 11:35, 15 November 2023
...ussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]] <br>
...ournal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2004 Jan 1;12(1):49-54.
26 KB (3,674 words) - 17:33, 11 March 2024
...on the concepts of Autogenic Inhibition and Reciprocal Inhibition. If a sub-maximal contraction of the muscle is followed by stretching of the same musc
...e two musculotendinous proprioceptors located in and around the joints and muscles respond to changes in muscle tension and length, which helps manage muscula
12 KB (1,802 words) - 10:28, 13 April 2022
...Contributors''' - Arno De Winne, Margaux Reynders, [http://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Julie_Lhost Julie Lhost], {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLP
Muscles used for breathing are connected to the lumbar vertebra. There is evidence
24 KB (3,645 words) - 00:27, 27 August 2019
...ussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]]
...InSeminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2009 Apr 1 (Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 361-365). WB Saunders. (Level of evidence: 2B)</ref>. Also, peripheral entheses
18 KB (2,537 words) - 14:20, 29 November 2023
...Courtney Smith|Courtney Smith]] as part of the [[Temple University Evidence-Based Practice Project|Temple University EBP Project]]
...ask if they have pain or symptoms in other regions such as their thoracic spine or shoulder.
27 KB (3,834 words) - 11:42, 15 November 2023
...97-306.</ref> Dysfunction in one can lead to a dysfunction in the other (co-dependency).
...s in humans Respiratory effects of the scalene and sternomastoid muscles in humans]
23 KB (3,308 words) - 17:13, 29 June 2023
...lishing. Available from:https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/7-faces-of-neck-pain [accessed 4/3/2023]</ref>
...ce workers: a 1-year longitudinal study.] Eur Spine J. 2009 Oct;18(10):1532-40.</ref>
27 KB (3,777 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
[[File:Shoulder-annotated-x-rays-2.jpeg|center|thumb|426x426px|1. anatomical neck of humerus 2. greater tuber
...en mobility and stability.] Journal of biomechanics. 2007 Jan 1;40(10):2119-29.</ref>
24 KB (3,369 words) - 17:22, 15 January 2024
...emic review]. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research. 2017;3(7):141-148. Accessed 18 July 2019.</ref>
...2022]. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.text-neck.com/definition-of-text-neck.html</nowiki> [Last accessed: 7/12/2022]</ref>
23 KB (3,167 words) - 21:06, 10 August 2023
[[File:Bianca-jordan-IPjWtxPJUQc-unsplash.jpg|thumb|282x282px]]
...dra SL, Fessler RG, Liu JC. Maximizing the potential of minimally invasive spine surgery in complex spinal disorders. Neurosurgical focus. 2008 Aug 1;25(2):
15 KB (2,177 words) - 01:11, 29 June 2020
...icobrachalgia) is a term that describes pain and stiffness of the cervical spine with symptoms in the shoulder girdle and upper extremity<ref>DeStefano LA.
...eth H. "The Cervicobrachial Syndrome." Annuals of Surgery 111 5 (1940): 727-742.</ref>.
23 KB (3,428 words) - 18:14, 23 April 2021
...ical Therapy. Journal of Orthopadic Sports Physical Therapy. 2007;37(6):290-302.</ref>. In 2012, Low Back Pain Clinical Practice Guidelines were publish
...ican Physical Therapy Association. J Orhtop Sports Phys Ther. 2012;42(4):A1-A57</ref>
27 KB (4,053 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...e=":5">Czaprowski D, Stoliński Ł, Tyrakowski M, Kozinoga M, Kotwicki T. Non-structural misalignments of body posture in the sagittal plane. Scoliosis an
...rcise programs on kyphosis and lordosis angle: A systematic review and meta-analysis.] PloS one. 2019 Apr 29;14(4):e0216180. Available from: https://www
25 KB (3,795 words) - 16:49, 10 August 2022
...ditorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Tania Clifton-Smith|Tania Clifton-Smith]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</
...ide. It is essential in the metabolisation of energy.<ref name=":1">Clifton-Smith T. How We Breathe Course. Plus. 2020. </ref>
20 KB (2,913 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...main goal of neck collars is to prevent or minimise motion in the cervical spine.
...s supporting, such as cervical orthosis, head cervical orthosis or cervico-thoracic orthosis for example.
15 KB (2,114 words) - 16:28, 30 December 2023
[[File:Chris-benson-yx-iJFybOBQ-unsplash.jpg|right|frameless]]
...my T4-T5 segment]. Janda noted that these focal areas of stress within the spine correspond to transitional zones in which neighboring vertebrae change in m
35 KB (5,117 words) - 17:46, 11 March 2024
...] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/ian-horsley/ Ian Horsley]<br>'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{F
===== '''Non-specific pathoanatomic''' =====
14 KB (1,971 words) - 22:55, 9 November 2023
...tps://www.smn.scot.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Vertebral-fractures-in-children.pdf [Accessed 11/3/2023]. </ref>
=== Cervical spine ===
29 KB (4,213 words) - 11:30, 12 March 2023
...'''Original Editor '''- [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/pam-versfeld/ Pam Versfeld] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FU
...a flexion moment around the hips which is counteracted by the hip extensor muscles. Because the base of support (BOS) extends forwards over the lower limbs, t
17 KB (2,642 words) - 00:11, 28 September 2022
[[File:Sagittal section of the lumbar spine Primal.png|thumb|258x258px]]
...JI, Ingebrigtsen T. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2474-14-206 Accuracy of physical examination for chronic lumbar radiculopathy]. BMC
28 KB (4,188 words) - 11:24, 28 August 2023
...uis, MO (USA): Elsevier Mosby; 2011:p.439-482</ref> [[Weight bearing|Weight-bearing]] is a primary function of the foot and ankle - each structure has a
The lower leg muscles are divided into four compartments: the superficial posterior compartment,
17 KB (2,395 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...ing the second most likely to be affected. The higher levels of the lumbar spine are rarely affected. (15 LOE: 4)
...a blanket term used by physicians to describe general deterioration of the spine. This defect can be asymptomatic or associated with significant back pain (
27 KB (3,938 words) - 16:35, 19 December 2019
...'''- [[User:Kim Jackson|Kim Jackson]] as part of the [http://members.physio-pedia.com Physiopedia Plus] neck pain course.
...Online]. Available: <nowiki>https://data.worldbank.org/country/trinidad-and-tobago?view=chart</nowiki>.</ref> limitations and difficulties of treating n
21 KB (3,314 words) - 18:58, 11 April 2020
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/sasha-chelin/ Sasha Chelin]
...sment for the Equine Athlete. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2016;32(1):31-47.</ref> Rather, they approach the assessment from a functional perspective
38 KB (5,860 words) - 22:00, 4 January 2023
...g]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/pam-versfeld/ Pam Versfeld]<br>
...ts of wakeful tummy time.<ref>Sampaio SS, Moura JR, de Medeiros CE, de Lima-Alvarez CD, Simão CR, Azevedo IG, Pereira SA. [https://www.hindawi.com/jour
16 KB (2,311 words) - 04:40, 22 November 2023
...s: an interdisciplinary challenge.] Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2013 Apr;110(16):278-84 (Level of evidence 2A)</ref><br>A difference exists between subjective an
...rospective randomized controlled study. J Psychosom Res. 2010 Sep;69(3):299-304 (Level of evidence 1B)</ref>
16 KB (2,302 words) - 17:35, 11 February 2022
...muscles. TFL/ITB is a synergist of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles in hip abduction<ref>Arab AM, Nourbakhsh MR. The relationship between hip a
...ternal lip of iliac crest, the outer surface of an anterior superior iliac spine, and the deep surface of fascia lata.<ref name=":0">Kendall, McCreary, Prov
16 KB (2,448 words) - 05:24, 10 April 2024
...it can also occur in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and [[Lumbar|lumbar spine]].<ref name=":0">Seidenwurm, D. J., & Expert Panel on Neurologic Imaging. (
...cales used to quantify severity of cervical spondylotic meylopathy and post-operative improvement. J Outcume Meas, 2001. </ref>
22 KB (3,204 words) - 14:53, 20 November 2023
...skeletal disorders, pain, and reabilitation. Philadelphia: Elsevier. (p 582-587)</ref><ref name=":0" />
...ients with costochondritis or Tietze's syndrome, Wiley-Blackwell, 2001, p23-29</ref>.
14 KB (2,057 words) - 12:53, 2 May 2024
...niversity Evidence-based Practice Project|Texas State University's Evidence-based Practice project]]
...e neck<ref name="Crowner">Crowner BE. [https://academic.oup.com/ptj/article-lookup/doi/10.2522/ptj.20060272 Cervical dystonia: disease profile and clini
24 KB (3,444 words) - 20:20, 23 March 2021
...emple University Evidence-Based Practice Project|Temple University Evidence-Based Practice Project]]
...ation.] Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2017 Jul;47(7):A1-83.</ref>.
24 KB (3,342 words) - 11:41, 15 November 2023
...sterior surface of [[Adductor Magnus]]. Nerves branch off to the hamstring muscles. The nerve is crossed obliquely on its superficial aspect by the long head
...name=":2">Gray's anatomy- The anatomical basis of clinical practice. Forty-first edition.</ref>
13 KB (1,905 words) - 03:53, 30 January 2024
...o the skin and breasts. The full gestation period is 39-40 weeks, and a pre-term birth is classed as delivery before 37 weeks gestation, although there
.... In WB Saunders Women's Health: a textbook for Physiotherapists. 2004 pp56-72.</ref>.
21 KB (3,104 words) - 11:46, 3 August 2022
...e upper extremity movements. The dynamic relationship between the shoulder muscles, ligaments and bony articulations allows for significant movement, but this
...shoulder complex, including the bony structures, articulations, ligaments, muscles, nerves and the vascular supply.
50 KB (7,350 words) - 22:45, 15 October 2023
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/damien-howell/ Damien Howell]<br>
...bate]. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy. 2019 Jun;49(6):425-36.</ref> </blockquote>
17 KB (2,490 words) - 04:54, 30 January 2023
...ons towards a specific outcome or outcomes. Shared goal setting can also co-ordinate members of the multidisciplinary team and ensure they are working t
...ld JW, Sadowsky C. Spinal Cord Injury. The Lancet. 2002 Feb 2;359(9304):417-25.</ref><ref name=":2">Waters RL, Adkins RH, Yakura JS et al: Motor and Sen
18 KB (2,779 words) - 20:08, 22 September 2023
...inal cord injury: a retrospective analysis. Spinal cord. 2017 Jun;55(6):559-65.</ref>
...to develop respiratory complications, primarily due to [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Muscles_of_Respiration diaphragm] impairment. <ref name=":0" />
30 KB (4,122 words) - 20:12, 16 August 2022
...broadcasting. <ref name=":0">Giakoni-Ramírez F, Merellano-Navarro E, Duclos-Bastías D. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8872150/ Professio
...-022-00748-w usiness & Information Systems Engineering]. 2022 Jun;64(3):393-9.</ref> With the advancement of technology, allowing for faster and easier
12 KB (1,678 words) - 13:40, 28 February 2023
Muscles of the shoulder work in team to produce highly coordinated motion. weakness
...ity of the shoulder. ''J Arthroscopy and Related Surgery.'' 2008;24(9):1061-1073.</ref>
22 KB (3,185 words) - 14:12, 29 June 2023
* It is made up of the skeleton, [[Muscle Cells (Myocyte)|skeletal muscles]], [[Ligament|ligaments]], [[Tendon Anatomy|tendon]]<nowiki/>s, joints, [[c
...n older women wih age-related hyperkyphosis. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. , 27, 1161-1164.</ref>
9 KB (1,294 words) - 07:51, 4 November 2023
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/mauro-banfi/ Mauro Banfi]<br>
...MC5636236/ Effect of posture on swallowing]. Afr Health Sci. 2017;17(1):133-7.</ref> When working with patients who have dysfunction in these areas, it
22 KB (3,329 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
...roiliac joint. Part 1: Clinical anatomical aspects. Spine 1990a; 15(2): 130-132</ref>
.... 1998; 3(1): 12-20</ref>. This normally occurs during increased load-bearing situations e.g. standing and sitting, to increase stability<ref name
36 KB (5,447 words) - 18:23, 30 November 2020
...as referred for neck and shoulder pain. Manual therapy and neuromuscular re-education were provided in an outpatient setting, along with a custom exerci
RS was a 52 y.o. left-hand dominant male referred by his doctor for treatment of left shoulder pai
20 KB (3,070 words) - 02:05, 31 August 2019
...'''Original Editor '''- [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/pam-versfeld/ Pam Versfeld]
== Infant development: 1-2 month period ==
23 KB (3,671 words) - 07:36, 25 September 2023
...''Original Editor '''- [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/mauro-banfi/ Mauro Banfi] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPA
...ral dysfunctions such as increased tension of their anterior muscular peri-laryngeal chain.<ref name=":1" /> These postural dysfunctions can, however,
22 KB (3,161 words) - 23:48, 18 December 2023
...niversity Evidence-based Practice Project|Texas State University's Evidence-based Practice project]]
...ication of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries]. spine. 1983 Nov 1;8(8):817-31.</ref>
38 KB (5,553 words) - 15:40, 20 March 2024
...ia R.K. et al., Spondyloarthropathies. Am Fam Physician, 2004, 69 (12):2853-2860 Level of Evidence 5</ref> Level 5
...lus fibrosis of the intervertebral discs, and the apophyseal joints of the spine.<ref name="p1" />
31 KB (4,448 words) - 03:36, 3 September 2023
...ant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP). *Arthritis Care & Research, 63*(S11), S240-S252.</ref>
...idity. *Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 14*(7), 409-415.</ref>
28 KB (3,726 words) - 15:58, 15 February 2024
[[File:Shoulder subscapularis.jpg|link=https://www.physio-pedia.com/File:Shoulder%20subscapularis.jpg|thumb|Lift off test: [[Subscapul
...for patient with shoulder pain]. Archives of physiotherapy. 2018 Dec;8(1):1-1. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5975572/<nowiki/>
23 KB (3,210 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
[[Image:Pregnant cross-section.jpg|right|505x505px]]
...atment of pelvic girdle pain]. European Spine Journal Jun 2008; 17(6) : 794-819.</ref> “''Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) generally arises in relation to pre
27 KB (3,785 words) - 18:21, 25 April 2024
.... Disability and Rehabilitation]: Assistive Technology. 2008 Jan 1;3(3):136-8.</ref><br>
...https://scoliosisjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13013-017-0145-8 2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopa
12 KB (1,775 words) - 20:38, 3 April 2021
...essive degenerative changes that affect all the components of the cervical spine (i.e., intervertebral discs, facet joints, joints of Luschka, ligamenta fla
In the cervical spine this chronic degenerative process affects the intervertebral discs and face
26 KB (3,576 words) - 11:32, 15 November 2023
...age, feeling, learning, memory, and all function and sensation. It is well-established that through [[Neuroplasticity|plasticity]] of existing cells ou
...rve impulses from the Central Nervous System go to the effectors ([[Muscle|muscles]] and [[Hormones|glands]]). Muscle contractions and gland secretions a
25 KB (3,756 words) - 23:48, 27 March 2024
The pelvic floor is a dome-shaped structure that extends from the pubic bone to the tailbone. See [[Pel
# Sexual: superficial muscles of PF support clitoral and penile erection and arousal
14 KB (1,901 words) - 15:14, 26 November 2023
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/rina-pandya/ Rina Pandya]<br>'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FU
...pmc/articles/PMC6554361/pdf/40792_2019_Article_650.pdf Traumatic right hemi-diaphragmatic injury: delayed diagnosis.] Surg Case Rep. 2019 Jun 6;5(1):92.
18 KB (2,642 words) - 23:00, 24 October 2023
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/rina-pandya/ Rina Pandya]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{F
...rasound Imaging in Neuromuscular Disorders.] J Neuromuscul Dis. 2018;5(1):1-10</ref>
14 KB (1,985 words) - 11:10, 23 October 2023
...departments (2006–2016). Emergency Medicine Journal. 2020 Nov 1;37(11):696-9.</ref>
...um image]]The sternum is a flat bone located in the centre of the anterior thoracic wall.
30 KB (4,397 words) - 13:25, 30 July 2023
...both the [[posture]] and gait pattern of pregnant women different from non-pregnant subjects.<ref name=":3">Forczek W;Staszkiewicz R. [http://www.actab
...cco ICN. [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.2217/whe.12.59?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed Static and Dyna
27 KB (3,725 words) - 11:28, 24 July 2023
[[File:Spinal-cord-injury-symptoms.png|right|frameless|691x691px]]
...ls]] and age-related bony changes<ref name=":0">Alizadeh A, Dyck SM, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6439316/ Trauma
23 KB (3,353 words) - 02:16, 8 August 2023
[[File:Thoracic manip.JPG|right|frameless]]
...] on the thoracic spine may improve patient’s symptoms when suffering from thoracic and/or referred pain.
46 KB (6,453 words) - 13:01, 1 March 2022
...in project page]] for further information, or to return to [[Neck Pain Tool-kit: Step 1|Step 1]] to identify your patient. Otherwise, proceed to Step 4
= 4.1 Neck pain alone (non-specific) =
52 KB (6,904 words) - 10:57, 6 June 2017
*Co-morbidities: Allergies
...elieves that the additional pregnancy weight is pulling her upper thoracic spine and shoulders are being into a rounded position. When questioned about her
17 KB (2,619 words) - 00:52, 14 July 2019
'''Original Editor '''- [https://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Jess_Bell Jess Bell] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Cont
...thological findings in horses. Equine Veterinary Education. 2020;32(12):664-72.</ref>
24 KB (3,509 words) - 06:55, 4 January 2023
...'''Original Editor '''- [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/shala-cunningham/ Shala Cunningham] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributor
...t.2012.42.4.A1 Low back pain]. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012 Apr;42(4):A1-57. </ref></blockquote>Several classification systems have been published to
17 KB (2,358 words) - 16:46, 4 March 2024
'''Original Editor '''- [http://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Kudzanayi_Ronald_Muzenda Kudzanayi Ronald Muzenda] and [[User
...gical classification of spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2011; 34: 535-546</ref>{{#ev:vimeo|65471467|300}}
29 KB (4,219 words) - 12:08, 2 February 2024
...other disorders that have generalized joint hypermobility, such as [[Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome]], [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]], [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]
...xity (Hypermobility) in Fourteen-Year-Old Children From the UK:A Population-Based Evaluation.2011(Level of Evidence: 2B)</ref>, more common in Asian, Af
15 KB (2,074 words) - 12:38, 3 April 2024
...ry investigation. International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine. 2018;27:14-22. </ref>. WMSDs are:
...ps://www.cdc.gov/workplacehealthpromotion/health-strategies/musculoskeletal-disorders/index.html</nowiki></ref>.
15 KB (2,024 words) - 11:33, 18 July 2023
...so comes with a slight downside, namely an elevated vulnerability to sports-related injuries.
...uries predominantly affect the musculoskeletal system, which comprises the muscles, bones, joints, and related tissues like ligaments and tendons. Here is a c
23 KB (3,617 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
.../1868602 Failed back surgery syndrome. Pain medicine]. 2011 Apr 1;12(4):577-606.</ref>
...yndrome]. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 2011 Aug;36(4):525-8.</ref>.
18 KB (2,557 words) - 00:01, 9 June 2022
...rehabilitation providers have a comprehensive understanding of the lumbar spine evaluation. This page provides an overview of this evaluation and includes
...otential pathoanatomical cause of pain:<ref name=":2">Cunningham S. Lumbar Spine Evaluation Course. Plus, 2024.</ref>
22 KB (3,278 words) - 11:54, 18 April 2024
...therapists with an [[Evidence Based Practice(EBP) in Physiotherapy|evidence-based]] tool to assist in patient management when determining a particular d
...idea is to stick with the [[Ethics, the ICF and EBP|principles of evidence-based practice]], and to incorporate the best available evidence (including
14 KB (2,102 words) - 17:28, 3 August 2022
...wska]] based on course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/rina-pandya/ Rina Pandya]<br>
[[File:Ilustration of the muscles. jpeg.jpeg|thumb|alt=|335x335px]]
24 KB (3,499 words) - 09:59, 18 August 2022
...]] (SI joint). It is usually caused by abnormal motion (i.e. hyper- or hypo-mobile) or malalignment of the sacroiliac joint. Sacroiliac joint syndrome i
...ac Joint Syndrome. Pain Physician. Vol. 4, N° 2, p 143-152, 2001. ISSN 1533-3159</ref>
26 KB (3,926 words) - 00:12, 16 February 2024
...lated pain:<ref name=":0">Van der Walt A. Managing Disorders of the Canine Spine Course. Plus , 2021.</ref>
...be due to pathologies outside of the spine, such as brain tumours and mid-thoracic pathology
22 KB (3,220 words) - 02:40, 18 October 2022
...s definitions. ''Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine'', Volume 7, pp.187-194.</ref> This article will describe the mechanism and prevalence of these
* Provide an in-depth evidence-based, Exercise Therapy Rehabilitation programme for cricketers
33 KB (4,868 words) - 16:45, 18 June 2019
...ramework. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2023; 53(1) : 1-51 https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2022.11147</ref>.
== Anatomy of Cervical Spine ==
36 KB (5,235 words) - 12:52, 15 February 2023
...udo, A., Gómez-Lozano, S., de Baranda, P.S., Vargas-Macías, A. and Santonja-Medina, F. (2021) Sagittal Integral Morphotype of Female Classical Ballet Da
...de la and Guillén, P. (2015) Overuse Injuries in Professional Ballet Injury-Based Differences Among Ballet Disciplines. ''The Orthopaedic Journal of Spo
41 KB (6,002 words) - 16:23, 11 October 2023
...function injury. It is a transient nerve injury which occurs following over-stretching of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus or compression of the C
...Hershman EB, Posner MA. The Upper Extremity in Sports Medicine, 2nd, Mosby-Year Book, Inc., St. Louis, MO 1995</ref>.
20 KB (2,818 words) - 16:02, 29 June 2023
...l and financial hardships, and greatly affecting quality of life ([[Quality-Adjusted Life Year|QOL]]). This page outlines the main issues arising from B
...ventral rami (roots) of the lower 4 cervical nerves (C5-C8) and the first thoracic nerve (T1).<br>The brachial plexus is responsible for cutaneous and muscula
22 KB (3,271 words) - 00:23, 10 March 2024
...its dynamic stability comes from the [[deltoid]] and [[Trapezium|trapezius muscles]].<ref name=":0" />
...microtrauma pattern implicated in DCO. This repetitive loading causes micro-trauma to the subchondral bone of the distal clavicular head, resulting in s
10 KB (1,388 words) - 14:25, 13 February 2023
...portant for human temperature regulation. Despite this, there are many body-balancing functions of sweat. Similar to the kidneys, sweat glands have an i
...sweating and sweat composition in human health. Temperature. 2019:6(3):211-259.</ref>
26 KB (4,007 words) - 13:52, 21 July 2023
