...y: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, 40th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill-Livingstone, Elsevier, 2008 </ref>
[[File:1124 Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot b.png|thumb]]
2 KB (256 words) - 18:32, 6 November 2020
...Brevis is the central muscle of the superficial layer of the plantar foot muscles.<ref>Jenkins, D. B. Hollinshead's functional anatomy of the limbs and back.
[[File:1124 Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot b.png|thumb]]
2 KB (291 words) - 20:21, 30 November 2020
...plantae muscle: a comparison of the lateral and medial heads.] Journal of foot and ankle research 2014;7(1):54.</ref>The lateral head tends to be smaller
...itorum longus]] with flexion of the lateral 4 digits of the [[Foot Anatomy|foot]].<ref name=":0" />
4 KB (579 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
...is 1 of 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower leg. The other muscles in the anterior compartment include: [[Tibialis Anterior|tibialis anterior]
...orium longus. Available from:https://www.anatomynext.com/extensor-digitorum-longus/ (24july 2019)</ref>
3 KB (413 words) - 09:55, 28 March 2022
<div class="pp-no-course-suggestions pp-no-article-suggestions"></div>
...hat page. It will look something like this: <br>'''Deep flexor muscles of the forearm Primal.png'''
21 KB (3,064 words) - 18:47, 14 June 2021
[[File:Abductor digiti minimi (foot).png|thumb|Abductor digiti minimi]]
...al human plantar intrinsic foot muscles with morphological profiles of the foot]. Journal of Anatomy. 2022 Aug 24;241(6).
4 KB (619 words) - 19:23, 16 December 2023
...ent. Follow this [https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/ligamentum-pantare-longum-394a4af0687e4011b8eb45646b0897b4 link] to view a 3D model of the ligament.
...the long plantar ligament passively supports the longitudinal arch of the foot. <ref name=":2" />
4 KB (530 words) - 22:17, 2 November 2020
...Testing,2007,8th edition.</ref>Other muscles in the third layer of plantar muscles include the [[Adductor Hallucis|adductor hallucis]] (oblique and transverse
...JJ. Avascular Necrosis of the Sesamoids. Foot Ankle Clin. 2019 Mar;24(1):57-67.</ref>
4 KB (692 words) - 16:30, 20 January 2022
...ntar foot muscles. The other two muscles of the third layer of the plantar foot include [[Flexor Hallucis Brevis|flexor hallucis brevis]] and flexor digiti
...Available from: https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/adductor-hallucis-muscle</ref>.
4 KB (552 words) - 08:16, 24 May 2023
...limb are likely to result in altered positioning and weight-bearing in the foot.
=== Specific Foot Conditions ===
5 KB (737 words) - 19:41, 4 July 2023
...rs most of the sole of the foot and supplies multiple intrinsic muscles of foot.
...mally, this nerve runs between the quadratus plantae and abductor hallucis muscles and continues until it is in close proximity to the master knot of Henry<re
4 KB (615 words) - 13:04, 26 February 2024
...al: Isolated gastrocnemius tightness. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84(6):962-970.</ref>.
It measures the dorsiflexion (DF) of the foot at the ankle joint (AJ) with knee extended & flexed to 90 degrees. The test
3 KB (368 words) - 12:24, 7 April 2023
== Muscles Involved: ==
* Side lying with test-side ankle off the edge of the plinth
1 KB (153 words) - 12:15, 19 December 2019
...is segment serves as a critical element in the structural integrity of the foot.<ref name=":0" />
The first metatarsal is the shortest, strongest, and most important weight-bearing point in the forefoot.<ref name=":1" /> In standing, this bone carri
4 KB (533 words) - 13:00, 8 June 2022
...stabilising muscle supporting the medial [[Arches of the Foot|arch of the foot]].
Proximal postero-lateral aspect of the tibia.
5 KB (651 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...tibial nerve within the tarsal tunnel.]Surg Radiol Anat ''2018;''40.5: 529-532.</ref>
...d MR imaging with anatomic correlation]. Radiographics. 2015 Sep;35(5):1469-82.</ref>.
6 KB (844 words) - 20:02, 13 March 2023
== Muscles Involved: ==
* For grades 0-2 patient is in side lying, the 'gravity minimal' position
1 KB (173 words) - 09:55, 28 March 2022
== Muscles Involved: ==
* test-side ankle off the edge of the plinth
1 KB (173 words) - 16:46, 2 November 2020
...Longus]]<ref name=":3">Chaurasia BD. [https://www.pdfdrive.com/bd-chaurasia-books.html Human Anatomy Regional and Applied Dissection and Clinical.] Vol
* India: 87-90%
4 KB (568 words) - 17:22, 21 April 2023
Extensor hallucis brevis (EHB) is a thin, broad muscle on the top of the foot that assists in extending the first toe (hallux). It is essentially the med
...e toes; difficulty in raising the foot upwards; feeling of numbness in the foot; big toe pain; deformities (claw toe or hammertoes).
4 KB (494 words) - 14:00, 29 January 2024
...understanding of the anatomy of the [[Neurone|nerves]] and vessels of the foot and ankle. [[Morton's Neuroma|Morton's neuroma]], Baxter neuropathy or jogg
=== Ankle and Foot ===
9 KB (1,202 words) - 16:48, 24 August 2022
== Cervico-Thoracic ==
*[http://www.assh.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=h-wponvDPSE%3d&portalid=1 Trigger Finger] from the American Society for Surger
15 KB (2,084 words) - 19:01, 24 September 2016
.... It has a slightly smaller moment arm for dorsiflexion at the [[Ankle and Foot|ankle]] than the anterior tibialis. It has a smaller physiological cross se
[[Image:Extensor-hallucis-longus.jpg|right|300x400px]]
8 KB (1,174 words) - 09:55, 28 March 2022
== Muscles Involved: ==
...in short sitting on plinth with test-side knee flexed to 90°, Ideally the foot should be suspended off the floor i.e. sitting on edge of high plinth
1 KB (201 words) - 12:03, 19 December 2019
== Muscles Involved: ==
...in short sitting on plinth with test-side knee flexed to 90°, Ideally the foot should be suspended off the floor i.e. sitting on edge of high plinth
1 KB (199 words) - 12:01, 19 December 2019
*Lateral condyle and upper half or two-thirds of the lateral surface of the body of the tibia
...mage - © Kenhub https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/tibialis-anterior-muscle</ref>
6 KB (877 words) - 15:37, 21 March 2023
...evis. Available from<nowiki/>https://www.anatomynext.com/extensor-digitorum-brevis/ accessed at (26july 2019)</ref><ref name=":0">Keith L. , Anne M. R
...ell AWM. Gray's Anatomy for Students. 39th ed. London; Elsevier; 2005. p574-575</ref>
5 KB (757 words) - 07:40, 27 February 2024
...1">Gray H. Anatomy of the human body, by Henry Gray, thoroughly rev. and re-edited by Warren H. Lewis. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1918.</ref>]]
...m the Ligament plantare longum which is situated on the bottom side of the foot.
8 KB (1,126 words) - 14:27, 12 April 2021
...es-kybun-help/foot-malpositions-flat-valgus-foot-splayfoot-flatfoot-hollow-foot.html (Accessed on 26/01/2022)</ref>
[[File:Splay foot.jpg|thumb|splay foot]]
9 KB (1,325 words) - 21:03, 27 January 2022
...and metatarsal bones and are supported by the ligaments and tendons in the foot.
...w.youtube.com/watch?v=j59yk3tdQdM|width}}<ref>Brian Abelsome Arches of the foot Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j59yk3tdQdM (last accessed
8 KB (1,227 words) - 16:16, 14 July 2022
...view of its anatomy and pathology.] Skeletal radiology. 2019 Sep;48(9):1329-44.</ref>
[[File:148px-Gray439-Musculus peroneus longus.png|frame]]
7 KB (927 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
...eformed position. Fixed deformity occurs when ligaments tighten up and the foot is no longer flexible.
* Foot is supple on physical exam
5 KB (702 words) - 13:07, 1 March 2022
...le in everyday movements, eg [[Running Biomechanics|running]], [[Walking - Muscles Used|walking]].
...-semi-membranosis-biceps-femoris-semitendinosus-tuber-ischiadicum-back-skin-names.png|thumb|Hamstrings Group|alt=|250x250px]]
4 KB (532 words) - 05:49, 17 February 2022
...eous nerve of the calf supplies the posterolateral side of the proximal two-thirds of the leg. It usually arises in common with the fibular (peroneal) c
...the lateral lower two-thirds of the leg and the whole of the dorsum of the foot except for the area between the 1st and 2nd toes, which is supplied by the
10 KB (1,509 words) - 06:14, 30 March 2022
...[tibia]] and [[fibula]] of the leg and the [[talus]] of the [[Foot Anatomy|foot]]. See the page for [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]] for more information.
...aedia Britannica. Foot. Available from: https://www.britannica.com/science/foot (accessed 26/02/2019).</ref>
12 KB (1,693 words) - 09:30, 1 June 2022
...Adductor Brevis Available: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/adductor-brevis-muscle<nowiki/>(accessed 20.1.2022)</ref>
...atomy Available:https://teachmeanatomy.info/lower-limb/muscles/thigh/medial-compartment/ (accessed 20.1.2022)</ref>
4 KB (548 words) - 17:12, 20 January 2022
'''Original Editor '''- Part of [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Clubfoot_Content_Development_Project ICRC and GCI Clubfoot Content
...of the minimally invasive Ponseti method is emerging fast in low and middle-income countries, where most of the world's children with clubfoot are born.
3 KB (512 words) - 09:10, 29 July 2021
...a%2f%2fjosr-online.biomedcentral.com%2farticles%2f10.1186%2fs13018-016-0430-x/RK=2/RS=GoJ6sJnAOhKzALtctTKkVWAjJCg- Ankle Impingement].''Journal of Ortho
...Physiopedia,'' . Retrieved 14:47, December 29, 2017 from https://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Structure_and_Function&oldid=180503
5 KB (751 words) - 23:01, 2 March 2021
.../ref>. Its primary action is flexion of [[Foot Anatomy|digits 2-5]] in the foot.<br>
...Beyond this point it is difficult to palpate as it enters the sole of the foot, deep to the [[Abductor Hallucis|abductor hallucis]] where is crosses forwa
6 KB (887 words) - 12:11, 16 April 2024
[[File:Equinus deformity X-ray.jpg|thumb|319x319px|equinus foot X-ray]]
...f>Equinus. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/pes-equinus . Pes equinus - an overview] | ScienceDirect Topics.</ref>
10 KB (1,504 words) - 22:53, 6 February 2024
...workup, and solutions. Current sports medicine reports. 2006 Nov 1;5(6):289-92.</ref>
* Post-exercise pain on the upper right quadrant of abdomen. The pain is mostly lat
4 KB (528 words) - 18:06, 17 October 2020
...embers.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/michelle-green-smerdon/ Michelle Green-Smerdon]<br>'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}
...t."<ref name=":3">Green-Smerdon M. Basic Anatomy of the Dancer’s Ankle and Foot course. Plus , 2022.</ref>
17 KB (2,386 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
...be important for the prevention of ligamentous injuries at the [[Ankle and Foot|ankle]].
*Muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) is positively related to maximal force production.
8 KB (1,142 words) - 20:20, 31 January 2024
...www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535427/ Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Foot Peroneus Brevis Muscle]. InStatPearls [Internet] 2019 May 19. StatPearls Pu
It is one of the three ankle everters known as the fibularis muscles (Fibularis Longus, Fibularis Brevis and [[Peroneus Tertius|Fibularis Tertiu
5 KB (784 words) - 17:20, 21 April 2023
...9-482</ref> [[Weight bearing|Weight-bearing]] is a primary function of the foot and ankle - each structure has a different role in ensuring that this task
The lower leg muscles are divided into four compartments: the superficial posterior compartment,
17 KB (2,395 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...talar (ST) joint is an articulation between two of the tarsal bones in the foot: the [[talus]] and [[calcaneus]]. The joint is classed structurally as a [[
...btalar joint: a complex mechanism]. EFORT open reviews. 2017 Jul 6;2(7):309-16.</ref>.
6 KB (897 words) - 12:11, 23 September 2022
...eps surae: a pictorial essay]. Foot and ankle clinics. 2014 Dec 1;19(4):603-35.</ref>.
...he main function of the triceps surae is to perform plantar flexion of the foot at the [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]], allowing the heel to elevate against gr
8 KB (1,212 words) - 18:07, 25 April 2024
...ding or apartment. The variation between the two modes of locomotion(level-ground locomotion and stair locomotion) may be significant for a patient pop
...|strength]] and joint [[Range of Motion|ROM]] for level-ground [[Walking - Muscles Used|walking]], it does not ensure that the patient will be able to walk up
5 KB (769 words) - 14:57, 2 March 2022
...ome (greek: myo=muscle, tome = a section, volume) is defined as a group of muscles which is innervated by single spinal nerve root. Myotome testing is an ess
...ssessment (4th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier. pp. 467–566. ISBN 978-1-4160-3109-3. </ref>
8 KB (1,315 words) - 19:20, 4 August 2023
...during muscle contraction]. Journal of biomechanics. 2016 Jun 14;49(9):1812-7. Available:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27155748/ (accessed 15.12.2021)
...layers of delicate, thin sheaths. Tendons, in contrast, are tough and rope-like. An aponeurosis is made primarily of bundles of [[collagen]] fibers dis
9 KB (1,298 words) - 16:06, 23 February 2024
...d D, Soames R. Anatomy and human movement. 4th edition. Oxford. Butterworth-Heinemann; 2002. p242.</ref>.
* Numerous [[ligament]]<nowiki/>s and [[Muscle|muscles]] attach to the calcaneus and help with its role in human bipedal biomechan
7 KB (1,031 words) - 11:05, 15 July 2022
...view image - © Kenhub https://www.kenhub.com/en/study/main-muscles-of-lower-limb</ref>
...HFRS, Gray's Anatomy 15th edition, New York, NY: Barnes & Noble,2010. p396-398</ref>
4 KB (610 words) - 07:38, 1 April 2022
...wellhealth.com)[https://www.verywellhealth.com/gastrocnemius-muscle-anatomy-4684083]</ref>
...many fascial connections, and this tension is transmitted not only to the foot but to the knee, hip, and lumbar area. A shortened gastrocnemius muscle cou
9 KB (1,412 words) - 02:47, 29 March 2022
..., Published in India by arrangement with Baillier Tindall, london 2005 p 33-37 </ref>
==== Muscles ====
7 KB (1,143 words) - 06:51, 3 March 2019
...nal Editor '''- Africa Clubfoot Training Team as part of [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Clubfoot_Content_Development_Project ICRC and GCI Clubfoot Content
* Foot Slab from 4 - 6 Layers of Plaster
8 KB (1,275 words) - 23:10, 20 February 2022
...lum tali on the [[calcaneus]], where its passes through a fibrous, synovial-lined tunnel.<ref name="pala">Palastanga N, Soames R. Anatomy and Human Move
As the tendon enters into the sole of the foot it lies superficial to the spring ligament passing forward deep to the tend
8 KB (1,108 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
* Freestyle gives a full body workout. It works the muscles in your arms, legs, [[Core Strengthening|core]] and back.
...and Their Benefits Available:https://allamericanswim.com/different-swimming-strokes (accessed 20.12.2021)</ref>.
9 KB (1,339 words) - 14:54, 10 January 2022
...ussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]].
...mergency Nursing Journal: July/September 2007 - Volume 29 - Issue 3 - p 249-259. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15912711 [1] Level of Evidence: C</r
4 KB (560 words) - 14:29, 7 September 2023
...ngthen the [[Gluteal Muscles|gluteal]] and [[Abdominal Muscles|abdominal]] muscles to avoid from the pain getting worse. <ref name=":0">Dydyk AM, Sapra A. Wil
...on exercises is an exercise technique that aims to correct posture, relax muscles, increase endurance, stretch and increase lordosis.<ref name=":0" />
6 KB (1,022 words) - 22:02, 4 February 2024
...c heel pain are caused by Baxter's nerve entrapment. However, it's an often-overlooked source of heel pain.<ref name=":0">Stephen Offutt DP, Patrick DeH
[[File:1124 Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot b.png|thumb]]
5 KB (764 words) - 17:55, 29 June 2023
...00342 Theories of bipedal walking: an odyssey]. J Biomech 2001;36(2003):513-523.Available from<nowiki/>http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi
# Contraction of [[Muscle|muscles]].
9 KB (1,238 words) - 20:21, 12 May 2022
[[File:Muscles of the thigh posterior compartment Primal.png|thumb|Muscles of the thigh posterior compartment]]
...dy. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2004 Aug 1;85(8):1345-50.</ref>
3 KB (435 words) - 02:05, 6 April 2022
...ass="editorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Amr Abd El-Razeq|Amr Abd El-Razeq]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</
...irm stroke of the lateral sole of the foot<ref>Babinski J. Relachement des muscles dans l'hémiplégie organique. 1896.</ref>.
3 KB (522 words) - 10:59, 20 February 2021
...oth muscles]] of the valves. The exercises consist of leg elevation from 35-90 degrees followed by the dependency of the leg and finally resting with th
''It is best to be repeated 2-4 times daily and each cycle repeated for 3-6 times. The time of every phase varies according to patient tolerance the s
4 KB (638 words) - 18:02, 17 January 2023
'''Original Editor '''- [https://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Chelsea_Mclene Chelsea Mclene]
...tdirect.com/training-delivery/client-assessment/taking-body-dimension-girth-measurements [last accessed 05/11/2020]</ref>Girths are circumference measur
8 KB (1,215 words) - 14:54, 10 January 2022
The paired pyramidalis muscles are small triangular-shaped muscles that lie between the anterior surface of the [[Rectus Abdominis|rectus abdo
...diopedia Pyramidalis Available:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/pyramidalis-muscle (accessed 20.12.2021)</ref>
5 KB (733 words) - 18:47, 17 March 2023
...mbers.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/michelle-green-smerdon// Michelle Green-Smerdon]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}
...dancer can be a daunting task. After gaining a basic understanding of the foot and ankle anatomy, applying biomechanical principles can help the therapist
16 KB (2,329 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
The metatarsals refer to the five long bones found in each foot. They are numbered I to V, from medial to lateral.<ref name=":1" />
...arches of the foot, which are essential for weight-bearing and [[Walking - Muscles Used|walking]].
10 KB (1,419 words) - 18:34, 29 August 2023
...sed on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/alexandra-kopelovich/ Alexandra Kopelovich]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Con
...xis of the joint, the proximal segment of the joint with move posteriorly. Muscles can contract concentrically or eccentrically to overcome the external momen
16 KB (2,334 words) - 10:16, 8 May 2024
...gether with the semispinalis and rotatores form the [[transversospinales]] muscles group. Multifidusi lies deep to the semispinalis and superficial to the rot
...<ref name=":0">Drake R, Vogl AW, Mitchell AW. Gray's Anatomy for Students E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2009 Apr 4.</ref>
11 KB (1,714 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...aft: an ultrasound study. The Journal of hand surgery. 1991 Jul 1;16(4):708-11.</ref>.
...r and does not have a primary action but assists with the actions of other muscles at the knee and ankle joints.
6 KB (940 words) - 10:29, 2 July 2020
...ent syndrome. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/307668-overview (accessed 06/04/2020).</ref>
...ilable from: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/compartment-syndrome/ (accessed 04/06/2020). </ref>
14 KB (1,957 words) - 17:16, 6 April 2020
== Basic Structure of the Foot and Ankle ==
The ankle or tibiotalar joint constitutes the junction of the lower leg and foot. The osseous components of the ankle joint include the distal [[tibia]], di
18 KB (2,449 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
<div class="pp-no-course-suggestions pp-no-article-suggestions"></div>
...learance, used to limit or assist [[Ankle Joint|ankle]] and [[Foot Anatomy|foot]] [[Range of Motion|ROM]] like; dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, improve [[ba
8 KB (1,277 words) - 11:45, 3 August 2022
'''Original Editor '''- Part of [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Clubfoot_Content_Development_Project ICRC and GCI Clubfoot Content
...RN, Sherman MS. The Pathological Anatomy of Club Foot. JBJS. 1963;45(1):45-52. </ref>
9 KB (1,335 words) - 22:05, 22 October 2022
'''Original Editor '''- [https://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Leana_Louw Leana Louw]
'''Shaft:''' The shaft of the fibula is twisted and triangular in cross-section. It has anterior, interosseous, and posterior borders, as well as me
4 KB (539 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
[[File:Kitera-dent-jWv1ILisuSc-unsplash.jpeg|right|frameless]]
...ng] Available: https://healthyliving.azcentral.com/muscles-walking-exercise-1837.html<nowiki/>(accessed 21.12.2021)</ref>
11 KB (1,583 words) - 11:33, 22 December 2021
...akness and atrophy. Muscular dystrophy is a [[Non-Communicable Diseases|non-communicable disorder]] and has many variations - each variation has a speci
...lable from: https://www.webmd.com/children/understanding-muscular-dystrophy-basics?page=-1281<nowiki/>(accessed 24.2.2021).</ref> The muscle protein ass
9 KB (1,207 words) - 11:04, 27 April 2023
[https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/bernice-saban/ Bernice Saban]<br>
...matic review]. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy. 2017 Jan 1;25(1):3-10.
16 KB (2,374 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...actures of the foot and ankle in athletes. Sports Health. 2014 Nov;6(6):481-91. doi: 10.1177/1941738113486588. </ref>.
...rsal fractures. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery (2011); 131: 241-245.</ref>. Stress fractures of the medial malleolus are generally found i
10 KB (1,554 words) - 18:34, 16 July 2021
...chin-up Chin up] Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chin-up<nowiki/>(accessed 1.1.2022)</ref>
...bicep curls will all be beneficial if the ultimate goal is achieving a chin-up with correct form. A chin up is an example of a [[Closed Chain Exercise|c
6 KB (802 words) - 11:57, 2 October 2022
...ame="brage">Schimizzi, A; Brage, M (September 2004). "Brachymetatarsia". ''Foot Ankle Clin'' '''9''' (3): 555–70, doi:10.1016/j.fcl.2004.05.002. PMID 153
...d metatarsal length. It can affect any of the five metatarsal bones of the foot and it could be bilateral. Brachymetatarsia of the first metatarsal is also
13 KB (1,923 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-Based Practice Project]]
[[File:Normal-Navicular-and-Accessory-Navicular.jpg|alt=|right|241x241px]]
11 KB (1,534 words) - 19:38, 21 April 2023
<div class="pp-no-course-suggestions pp-no-article-suggestions"></div>
{{#ev:youtube| ZEgD-Mn5ftc|width}}
8 KB (1,219 words) - 09:10, 29 July 2021
...r-limb/bones/tibia/ Tibia] Available from:https://teachmeanatomy.info/lower-limb/bones/tibia/<nowiki/>(last accessed 29.10.2020)</ref> Osteologic featur
...tions for rehabilitation. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier, 2010. p520-71.</ref>
7 KB (1,054 words) - 11:28, 28 February 2022
...he four muscles that make up the [[Quadriceps Muscle|quadriceps]] group of muscles. It originates from the upper part of the [[Femur|femoral shaft]] and inser
...view image - © Kenhub https://www.kenhub.com/en/study/main-muscles-of-lower-limb</ref>
5 KB (759 words) - 05:17, 1 April 2022
...g for about 1%-2% of all joint dislocations. This injury occurs due to high-energy trauma, including falls, motor vehicle crashes, and sports injuries<r
...talar joint: a case report.] Foot & Ankle International. 2001 Jul;22(7):609-11.</ref>
11 KB (1,631 words) - 12:10, 23 September 2022
...s Kluwer, 2010.</ref>It arises from Ventral (anterior) division of L4-5, S1-3. It travels along the distal border of the popliteus muscle, deep to gast
...erve#1 .] Available from: https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/tibial-nerve#1 (last accessed 17/03/2019).</ref> It also has articular and cutaneou
11 KB (1,629 words) - 09:58, 14 January 2024
...Nocturnal leg cramps (NLC) commonly occurring in the calf, hamstrings, or foot which are characterized as intensely painful, involuntary muscle contractio
...leg cramps. Current neurology and neuroscience reports. 2010 Jan 1;10(1):53-9.</ref>:
7 KB (1,091 words) - 17:31, 2 March 2023
[[Image:Gait-cycle.png|frame|center|Running Gait cycle]]
...ov">Novacheck TF; The Biomechanics of running; Gait and Posture 7; 1998; 77-95</ref>
11 KB (1,832 words) - 09:54, 28 February 2023
...n shared between the [[Gastrocnemius|gastrocnemius]] and [[Soleus|soleus]] muscles of the posterior leg. It connects the two muscle groups (collectively, tric
...ite for the gastrocnemius (lateral and medial heads) as well as the soleus muscles. It inserts onto the posterior surface of the calcaneus (heel bone). The [[
11 KB (1,626 words) - 14:43, 19 April 2022
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/donna-fisher/ Donna Fisher]<br>'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{F
...spects that need to be considered aside from [[Biomechanical Assessment of Foot and Ankle|biomechanical]] factors, including comfort and aesthetics to enha
21 KB (3,047 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...ussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]]
*'''[[Soleus|m. soleus]]''', which comes from an inverted U-shaped origin from the posterior aspect of the [[Tibia]], membrana interosse
6 KB (985 words) - 04:45, 1 April 2022
...Kingdom, the first child in the family. There was no family history of any foot abnormalities, but, on his 20 week antenatal scan, he was diagnosed with bi
...-assess the foot and record Pirani scores and the patient’s progress. The foot is gradually manipulated and stretched into abduction, using the lateral he
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...s://www.sportsperformancebulletin.com/endurance-training/techniques/cycling-biomechanics/ (accessed 17.12.2021)</ref>
...2028 Available:https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/bicycle-market (accessed 17.12.2021)</ref>
11 KB (1,642 words) - 13:15, 23 December 2021
...px|Sagittal T1-weighted MR image in plantar flexion showing the “nutcracker-phenomenon”. The os trigonum together with surrounding soft tissues are we
...posterior of the ankle and reduced plantarflexion caused by “the nutcracker-phenomenon”. When an os trigonum is present, this accessory ossicle togeth
10 KB (1,455 words) - 18:29, 16 July 2021
...is often conducted using a stopwatch and a 50 cm-long metal beam with a non-slip surface.
...ight, body weight, gender, and test conditions. Perform an appropriate warm-up.
4 KB (561 words) - 09:09, 24 January 2024
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/donna-fisher/ Donna Fisher]<br>
...orthoses are not as common as [[Foundations for Ankle Foot Orthoses|ankle-foot orthoses]] (AFOs). They are designed for patients with extensive weakness i
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...fitting terms. Available from: https://fitkitsystems.com/education/training-resources/glossary/ (accessed 21.8.2019)</ref>
.... A good bicycle fit goes a long way to prevent overuse injuries and helps muscles and lungs function at best ability, all improving performance and enjoyment
7 KB (1,060 words) - 14:41, 31 May 2020
...mbers.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/michelle-green-smerdon// Michelle Green-Smerdon]<br>'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}
Ms E is a 20-year-old dancer. She has been dancing for 17 years and does ballet, tap, modern,
14 KB (2,180 words) - 15:36, 3 September 2022
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/damien-howell/ Damien Howell]<br>
...verse effects of physical activity promotion. ''Br J Sports Med, 49''(1), 1-2.</ref>
13 KB (1,878 words) - 05:09, 31 October 2023
[https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/bernice-saban/ Bernice Saban]<br>
...equency of healthcare use]. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2019 Dec;20(1):1-8.
13 KB (1,894 words) - 11:28, 18 August 2022
...0. Available from:https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity</ref>, so now a days recreational cycling activity has been very po
...vention, diagnosis and management, South African Family Practice, 47(7): 14-19</ref>
5 KB (759 words) - 16:07, 31 July 2023
transtibial, bilateral amputee, diabetic amputee, below-knee prosthesis
...is L leg amputation was secondary to a necrotic diabetic foot ulcer. His co-morbidities include: poorly controlled Type II diabetes, sleep apnoea, smoki
8 KB (1,164 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...be split into 2 stages.<ref>Masood H, Farooq H. [https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/11/15/2386 Utilizing spatio temporal gait pattern and quadratic SVM for
...rative diseases: a review]. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2022 Jan;26(1):229-42. </ref>), which makes up 60% of the cycle<ref name="Fish" />
16 KB (2,536 words) - 07:36, 20 November 2022
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/donna-fisher// Donna Fisher]<br>'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{
...efficiency of function during acute or long-term injury. This includes soft-tissue and bony injury, as well as changes as a result of [[Spasticity|neuro
10 KB (1,435 words) - 19:54, 5 January 2023
...Nerves|cranial nerves]]) with a few exceptions eg [[Cervical Anatomy|neck muscles]] are supplied by the spinal nerves.
...nerves Available: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/nerves-innervation-of-the-spine/<nowiki/>(accessed 6.2.2022)</ref>
6 KB (862 words) - 19:00, 8 March 2024
...ditors ''' - [[User:Jacob Wong|Jacob Wong]] as part of [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Category:The_University_of_Waterloo_Biomechanics_Project The Unive
...is not just a sports injury]</nowiki>]. Ugeskrift for laeger. 2010;172:3325-9.</ref>. Tendinopathy is a term that describes clinical conditions of tendo
11 KB (1,508 words) - 12:42, 31 May 2021
...nal Editor '''- Africa Clubfoot Training Team as part of [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Clubfoot_Content_Development_Project ICRC and GCI Clubfoot Content
...ate goal of treatment i.e. to achieve a functional, pain-free, plantigrade foot with good mobility and without calluses overcoming the issues of extensive
11 KB (1,625 words) - 12:27, 15 February 2022
...r Fasciitis|Plantar fasciitis]] is an overuse injury. Accumulation of micro-damage leads to the degradation of the [[collagen]] fibers that make up the
...eurosis]] is a ligamentous structure that supports the plantar arch of the foot.<ref name=":0">Stecco C, Corradin M, Macchi V, et al. [https://pubmed.ncbi.
12 KB (1,686 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
[[File:Hip abduction-CDC strength training for older adults.gif|thumb|Hip Abduction]]
# The primary hip abductor [[Muscle|muscles]] include the [[Gluteus Medius|gluteus medius]], [[Gluteus Minimus|gluteus
9 KB (1,380 words) - 20:44, 20 January 2024
...oints Synovial Joints] Available: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/synovial-joints<nowiki/>(accessed 20.6.2021)</ref>
...ts] Available:https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/9-4-synovial-joints/ (accessed 20.6.2021)</ref>.
12 KB (1,780 words) - 14:16, 16 March 2022
...can be facilitated by a variety of health professionals or learned via self-help modalities<ref name=":0">Norelli SK, Long A, Krepps JM. [https://www.nc
...c.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/relaxation-technique/art-20045368 (accessed 8.12.2021)</ref>
8 KB (1,170 words) - 11:00, 12 December 2021
[[File:Plantar fibromatosis foot.jpeg|thumb|Plantar fibromatosis R plantar region marked for radiotherapy ]]
...oneurosis of the foot, more specifically on the medial plantar side of the foot arch and on the forefoot region. It belongs to a family of similar diseases
10 KB (1,355 words) - 22:44, 27 June 2023
...imb Orthoses. InAtlas of Orthoses and Assistive Devices 2019 Jan 1 (pp. 239-246). Content Repository Only.</ref>.
...ebster Dictionary. orthotic definition. Available from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/orthotic (accessed 28 May 2020)</ref>
17 KB (2,542 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...imus [[muscle]] is the smallest one of the three [[Gluteal Muscles|gluteal muscles]], it lies deep to the [[Gluteus Medius|gluteus medius]] muscle. The gluteu
...|350x350px|alt=|thumb|Gluteus minimus of right side: outline and attachment-areas.]]
6 KB (814 words) - 05:39, 30 January 2024
...syndrome is seen include the forearm, thigh, buttock, shoulder, hand, and foot.<ref name=":2" />
...Forearm]]; [[Compartment Syndrome of the Foot|Compartment Syndrome of the Foot.]]
10 KB (1,413 words) - 11:45, 3 August 2022
...</nowiki>. org. 7th March. 1998 Mar.</ref> and straining or rupture of the muscles around the ankle (e.g. [[Calf Strain|calf]], [[Peroneal Tendinopathy|perone
[[File:Cross-section_of_ankle.png|right|frameless|300x300px]]
11 KB (1,655 words) - 10:33, 10 December 2022
...ondition will place too much weight and stress on the ball and heel of the foot while standing and/or walking.
...ed Foot)https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cavus-foot-(high-arched-foot) (accessed 2017).</ref>]]
18 KB (2,634 words) - 16:41, 23 October 2023
...mbers.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/michelle-green-smerdon// Michelle Green-Smerdon]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}
.... As well as this, most of a dancer's artistic expression comes from their foot.<ref name=":11" />
19 KB (2,472 words) - 18:25, 9 January 2024
<div class="pp-no-course-suggestions pp-no-article-suggestions"></div>
...hysical Therapy, (Fourth Edition), Mosby,2020.</ref>. It includes all the muscles in the body and the nerves serving them.
13 KB (1,824 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...ased on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/krista-eskay/ Krista Eskay]<br>
* Initially, the rib cage in infants is barrel-shaped and rigid; ribs are elevated and perpendicular to the spine
9 KB (1,231 words) - 14:54, 14 January 2024
...Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-Based Practice Project]]
[[File:Figure 3-Ankle ligaments.PNG|thumb|363x363px|Ankle tendon attachment]]
11 KB (1,612 words) - 14:08, 25 February 2024
...people with spinal cord injuries.] NeuroRehabilitation. 2011 Jan 1;28(1):17-20.</ref> Contractures reduce joint mobility and restrict activities of dail
...al cord injury—a prospective cohort study.] Spinal cord. 2012 Aug;50(8):579-84.</ref>
12 KB (1,695 words) - 13:00, 7 April 2023
...deformity is defined as an abnormality of the bone and soft tissues in the foot where an enlargement of the bony section of the heel where the [[Achilles T
...ocalcaneal bursitis.] The Orthopedic clinics of North America 1994;25(1):41-6.</ref> Cavo varus deformities exacerbate this problem.
12 KB (1,705 words) - 06:27, 8 August 2022
...as a clinical indicator of foot posture.] J Am Podiat Med Assn 2001;91:262-8.</ref>
...position of the navicular on an index card placed along the inside of the foot and then measure the change with a ruler.
13 KB (1,851 words) - 18:09, 30 September 2022
...ef name=":0">http://rotationplasty.com/A-Surgeons-Approach--The-Dynamics-of-Rotationplasty</ref>
...f Rotationplasty procedure]. Aesthetic Cosmetology and Medicine. 2021;10:55-8.</ref>
10 KB (1,422 words) - 10:55, 19 November 2022
...ical Publishing; 2013 Aug 28.</ref><ref name=":1">Pasquina PF, Cooper RA. l-ower Extremity Amputation.</ref><ref name=":2">REhABiLitAtion A. Evidence Ba
...the patient and the prosthetic causes:<ref>LE VAN TU. ''Evaluation of Trans-femoral Prosthesis Function Using Finite Element Analysis'' (Doctoral disse
14 KB (1,958 words) - 17:52, 7 May 2024
...sculoskeletal assessment]. Nursing made incredibly easy. 2004 May 1;2(3):46-50.</ref>
...University of Western Ontario. Available from: <nowiki>https://rheum.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/The_Musculoskeletal_Screening_Examination_Booklet.pd
7 KB (908 words) - 13:33, 3 September 2023
...435px|<ref>https://greenbayacupuncture.co/2017/05/17/metatarsalgia-forefoot-pain/</ref>|right|frameless]]
...nective-tissue-disorders/foot-and-ankle-disorders/metatarsophalangeal-joint-pain (last accessed 25.6.2020)</ref>
18 KB (2,521 words) - 23:33, 13 August 2023
...se the risk of tripping and falling. <ref>Stevens F, Weerkamp NJ, Cals JW. Foot drop. BMJ 2015;350:h1736.</ref>
Image to R shows common brace (AFO) for foot drop.[[File:AFO brace for foot drop.jpeg|right|frameless]]
14 KB (2,092 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...ki.jpg|'''Figure.1''' Joseph Babinski (1857-1932)|alt=JOSEPH BABINSKI (1857-1932)|thumb]]It was on February 22, 1896, that Joseph Francois Felix Babinsk
== Neuro-Physiology ==
9 KB (1,388 words) - 22:07, 21 May 2023
...mputee Coalition 2008. http://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/limb-loss-definitions/ [accessed 24 Sep 2017]</ref> by trauma, prolonged constriction
...gangrenous or grossly ischemic, dangerous, malignancy or infection), or non-functional<ref name="VA">[http://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/Rehab/a
20 KB (2,910 words) - 16:18, 21 July 2023
...osp Jt Dis. 2007;65(1):19-23. </ref> This article will discuss pre and post-operative hallux valgus management principles.
[[File:Foot inferior.png|thumb|Plantar surface of the foot]]
18 KB (2,731 words) - 11:10, 11 August 2023
...1):1189.</ref> This article discusses the key anatomical structures of the foot.
...d ''vertical'' passing from inferior to superior. The rotation axes of the foot joints are perpendicular to the cardinal planes. Therefore, motion at these
28 KB (4,062 words) - 06:26, 12 April 2024
...]] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/dana-palmer// Dana Palmer]<br>
...cers, (4) pressure injuries, formerly known as pressure ulcers, and (5) non-healing surgical wounds.
16 KB (2,233 words) - 08:08, 23 November 2022
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/damien-howell/ Damien Howell]<br>
...bate]. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy. 2019 Jun;49(6):425-36.</ref> </blockquote>
17 KB (2,411 words) - 18:56, 28 January 2023
...ation tools. Journal of the American Chiropractic Association. 2011 Nov 1:7-11.</ref>.
...20AND%20STRENGTH.pdf Training Mobility and Strength through the Turkish Get-Up].</ref>
5 KB (757 words) - 12:16, 29 August 2023
[https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/bernice-saban/ Bernice Saban]<br>
...fascial structures underlying the [[Foot and Ankle Structure and Function|foot and ankle]] will be explored in relation to:
26 KB (4,084 words) - 11:26, 18 August 2022
...vein: where does reflux go? Jornal Vascular Brasileiro. 2013 Jun; 12(2):123-8.
...hilnani NE. Treating the small saphenous vein. Endovasc Today. 2008;7(8):60-4. </ref>.
5 KB (764 words) - 17:32, 4 April 2021
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Helene Simpson]
...vity.<ref name=":1" />This article will discuss age related changes in the foot and suggested therapeutic interventions to improve balance, decrease risk f
21 KB (3,058 words) - 11:44, 20 November 2023
'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Rachael Walton-Mouw|Rachael Walton-Mouw]] as part of the [[World Physiotherapy Network for Amputee Rehabilitati
...releases/2012/p0124_lower_limb.html CDC report finds large decline in lower-limb amputations among U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes] 2012</ref>. From
12 KB (1,882 words) - 20:45, 2 August 2020
[[File: Anatomy ankle and foot 2.jpg|right|frameless]]
...www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545158/ Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Foot Joints].2019 Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545158/ (
22 KB (2,881 words) - 21:34, 19 November 2023
...on the concepts of Autogenic Inhibition and Reciprocal Inhibition. If a sub-maximal contraction of the muscle is followed by stretching of the same musc
...e two musculotendinous proprioceptors located in and around the joints and muscles respond to changes in muscle tension and length, which helps manage muscula
12 KB (1,802 words) - 10:28, 13 April 2022
...hivali Kar, [http://www.ijesrt.com/issues%20pdf%20file/Archive-2017/January-2017/30.pdf “Microcontroller based Rehabilitation Stimulator”, Internati
...and relaxation in innervated (nerves intact) muscles. It does not work on muscles that are denervated muscle; to cause the same effect a short pulse duration
6 KB (900 words) - 00:51, 4 March 2021
...f peripheral nerve injuries.PMID: 11878078.DOI: 10.1016/s1047-9651(03)00074-3.PubMed.gov. National Library of Medicine. National Centre for Biotechnolog
...MH and Monroe, LG. Physical Rehabilitation, W.B. Saunders, 2007, Pages 473-513,</ref>
11 KB (1,599 words) - 23:05, 28 April 2022
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/bhanu-ramaswamy/ Bhanu Ramaswamy]
|'''Forward and backward walking pre-treatment'''
3 KB (460 words) - 11:20, 18 August 2022
...ing]] of the affected muscle(s) is by far the most effective and safest non-pharmacology management for most acute idiopathic muscle cramps.<ref name="
...|center|thumb|CC BY-SA 4.0 <<nowiki>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</nowiki>>, via Wikimedia Commons]]
5 KB (619 words) - 13:38, 18 November 2023
...e. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy 2009 February; 4(1):29-37 (level: A1)</ref>
...s Tarsi Syndrome. United States: Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc. 2002. p144-120</ref> which all provide extra stability to the articulation. Ruptur
20 KB (3,019 words) - 20:21, 15 July 2022
...perties]. Journal of foot and ankle research. 2018 Dec;11(1):1-0.</ref>The foot therefore is observed as 'C' shape.
...e hindfoot, and thus appears as a concavity along the medial border of the foot and convexity on the lateral aspect. There is no deformity along the fronta
12 KB (1,769 words) - 12:27, 20 November 2023
...heels enhance perceived sexual attractiveness, leg length and women’s mate-guarding.] Current Psychology. 2022:41:3282–3292.</ref>
...eviews and additional primary studies.] BMC Public Health. 2018 Dec;18(1):1-3.</ref>
28 KB (4,432 words) - 13:04, 30 April 2023
<div class="editorbox">'''Original Editor '''- [http://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Wendy_Walker Wendy Walker]
[[File:Muscles of the scapular region anterior aspect Primal.png|thumb]]The subscapularis
7 KB (1,122 words) - 02:31, 2 February 2024
...ooks/NBK534842/ Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, thigh adductor magnus muscles.]Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534842/<nowiki/>(accessed
...or view image - © Kenhub https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/adductor-magnus</ref>
12 KB (1,751 words) - 19:59, 7 January 2024
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Helene Simpson]<br>
...it more frequently after forced external rotation and dorsiflexion of the foot. Injuries to the bones and ligaments of the ankle are associated with ankle
16 KB (2,350 words) - 21:03, 28 October 2023
...ceration, infection and neuropathy can make the management of the diabetic foot much easier. A large number of amputations can be prevented through early d
...and foot hindered wound healing, the blisters got infected and turned into foot ulcers and later severe gangrene. Numerous courses of antibiotics and speci
9 KB (1,352 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...when the bone at the knee joint is angled out and away from the body's mid-line. This deformity is defined as a valgus angle '''[[Q Angle|(Q angle)]]''
* The patello-femoral joint can be affected with lateral subluxation of the patella and tr
7 KB (1,099 words) - 17:44, 2 October 2023
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/damien-howell/ Damien Howell]<br>
...ell, D, Gait Deviation Associated with Pain Syndromes in the Lower Leg and Foot. Gait Analysis. Plus. 2022</ref>
17 KB (2,602 words) - 05:57, 30 January 2023
...ement of heel pain syndrome]. Orthopaedics and trauma. 2011 Jun 1;25(3):198-206.</ref>
...Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 2004 Jan 1;94(1):47-52.</ref>
13 KB (1,950 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...ression at all.He got his temporary leg in our inpatient care, and his long-term one as an outpatient visiting our therapy centre every day. Adapted man
...utation in Diabetic Patients Stratified by Limb and Level of Amputation: 10-year observation,</ref>. In hospital, he was taught how to use a walker. Aft
9 KB (1,416 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...Andrew TL. Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise. A Comprehensive Guide to Multiple-Joint Exercises. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. 2002;1(4):200.</ref> In a
...able from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UylQlk50gjg (last accessed 20-11-2013)</ref>
8 KB (1,149 words) - 21:15, 9 January 2024
...Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. October/November, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 226-235.</ref>. CMT is a slowly progressive disorder and it encompasses a large
...ber 2014]. Available from: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Charcot-Marie-Tooth-disease/Pages/Causes.aspx</ref>.
12 KB (1,813 words) - 15:01, 19 September 2022
..., Function & Anatomy | Body Maps www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/iliacus-muscle/male#1 (accessed 17 June 2018)</ref>
=== Anatomy<ref>Iliacus - UW Radiology https://rad.washington.edu/muscle-atlas/iliacus/ (accessed 18 june 2018)
9 KB (1,315 words) - 14:34, 15 June 2023
Lateral ligament injuries are perhaps one of the most common sports-related injuries seen by physiotherapists. Lateral ankle sprains are though
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000 Mar; (372):45-9.
15 KB (2,208 words) - 21:34, 9 January 2024
...pain]. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2019 Sep;49(9):640-6. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2019.8813
...f foot and ankle research. 2020 Dec;13(1):1-9. DOI: 10.1186/s13047-020-0377-3 </ref> Many clinicians have focused on the [[Plantar Aponeurosis|plantar f
15 KB (2,164 words) - 12:22, 22 November 2023
...ty and the Potentials for Future Research.] Sports Med. 2022 Aug;52(8):1863-1877.</ref>. Thus, runners have sought numerous strategies in hopes of reduc
...R. Update on Minimalist Running Shoes. J Spec Oper Med. 2021 Fall;21(3):107-110. </ref>.
14 KB (2,001 words) - 01:21, 29 November 2023
...ry, London:Springer. 2012. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-609-2_15</nowiki></ref>
...opathy: a literature synthesis]. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2009;32(1):41-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.09.014. (level of evidence 1A)</ref>
17 KB (2,530 words) - 17:04, 23 October 2023
[https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/bernice-saban/ Bernice Saban]<br>
...7 Jan 1;95(1):29-34. </ref><ref>Diener I. Physiotherapy support for self-management of persisting musculoskeletal pain disorders. South African Journ
14 KB (1,931 words) - 23:15, 15 January 2023
...Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-Based Practice Project]]
[[File:Foot.jpg|right|frameless|493x493px]]
20 KB (2,830 words) - 16:47, 17 January 2023
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Helene Simpson]
...3.</ref> Its causes are multifactorial. It can disrupt the function of the foot during gait and balance, and it can negatively influence quality of life in
18 KB (2,599 words) - 00:29, 18 September 2023
...hing Pattern Disorders|breathe]] by sending commands from the brain to the muscles that carry out these functions. Their nerve fibers are the longest in the
...[[Muscle|muscles]] and glands. The upper and lower motor neurons form a two-neuron circuit. (Fig.1)
10 KB (1,538 words) - 01:18, 14 June 2023
...d ''vertical'' passing from inferior to superior. The rotation axes of the foot joints are perpendicular to the cardinal planes. Therefore, motion at these
...f bursae: adventitious, subcutaneous, [[Synovial Joints|synovial]], and sub-muscular.
28 KB (4,166 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Helene Simpson]
...ssary to maintain joint progenitor cell fate]. Dev Cell. 2009 May;16(5):734-43.</ref> This article will focus on ankle [[proprioception]] and how it can
25 KB (3,648 words) - 09:40, 9 November 2022
...apartum maternal lumbosacral plexopathy. Muscle & nerve. 2002 Sep;26(3):340-7.
...the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine. 1992 Aug;15(8):937-40.
9 KB (1,269 words) - 11:09, 22 August 2022
...>Radler, C., 2013. The Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital club foot: Review of the current literature and treatment recommendations. Internatio
...armer, L. &; Rhatigan, J., 2014. Clubfoot care in low-income and middle-income countries: From clinical innovation to a public Health Program. World
20 KB (3,225 words) - 11:20, 18 August 2022
The [[Core Muscles|core]] is the centre of our body and it functions to stabilize the trunk wh
# Muscles that stabilize the [[Hip|hips]].
13 KB (1,943 words) - 09:44, 22 April 2022
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Helene Simpson]<br>
...of trimalleolar ankle fractures.] EFORT Open Reviews. 2021 Aug 10;6(8):692-703.</ref>
23 KB (3,174 words) - 09:59, 18 August 2022
[[File:Talipes-equinovarus-Picture.jpg|thumb]]
...t is shorter, and the calf circumference is less than a normal, unaffected foot<ref name=":5" />. On presentation, the clubfoot deformity is not passivel
24 KB (3,660 words) - 19:10, 22 October 2022
...Orthopaedic &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Sports Physical Therapy , pp. 218-224. Level of evidence: 2b</ref> (Level of evidence: 2b)
...the ground. The other side of the resistance strap is attached around the foot of the patient’s affected hip. The patient performs an internal rotation.
17 KB (2,693 words) - 01:11, 11 October 2020
...<nowiki>https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800947-5.00014-4</nowiki>
...d.com/document/407932298/Physiotherapy-in-Neuro-conditions-Glady-Samuel-Raj-pdf</ref>.The virus affects children under 5 years of age<ref name=":0" />
11 KB (1,598 words) - 05:51, 18 November 2023
...Exercise is the best way to increase functional capacity and prevent health-related problems.
...he management of chronic back pain.] Ochsner Journal. 2014 Mar 20;14(1):101-7. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3963038/<nowiki/>
12 KB (1,695 words) - 12:26, 20 November 2023
Physiotherapy Management of Lower Limb Amputation Secondary to Diabetic Foot
The patient presented in this case presentation had left diabetic foot ulcer secondary to puncture wound which culminated into left transfemoral a
9 KB (1,298 words) - 18:52, 11 April 2020
A 72-year-old male with right TF amputation was admitted to the provincial rehabilitat
...raft, the patient had a right TF amputation on January 5, 2015. He is a non-smoker X 40 years and recovering ETOH abuse.
7 KB (1,148 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...fessional Road Cyclists.] The American journal of sports medicine. 38. 2494-501. 10.1177/0363546510376816. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/
...de to get sufficient power at bottom of stroke. Putting stress on low back muscles.
11 KB (1,745 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
[[Image:Foot.jpg|493x493px|Foot & Ankle|right|frameless]]
...Ligament|ligaments]], controlled by 13 extrinsic and 21 intrinsic [[Muscle|muscles]].
27 KB (4,130 words) - 23:29, 30 March 2023
...onjunction with Africa Clubfoot Training Team as part of [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Clubfoot_Content_Development_Project ICRC and GCI Clubfoot Content
...lubfoot: Etiology and Treatment.] Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2009; 467(5): 1146-1153.
15 KB (2,152 words) - 19:25, 22 October 2022
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/dawn-nunes/ Dawn Nunes]<br>
...ection of a Running Shoe. In Clinical Care of the Runner 2020 Jan 1 (pp. 95-99). Elsevier.</ref>
16 KB (2,553 words) - 01:53, 25 June 2023
...the distal part fixed, movement at any one joint in the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Kinetic_Chain kinetic chain] requires motion as well at the other
...;28(1):48. [https://bfpt.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43161-023-00161-8#:~:text=Results%20showed%20that%20CKCEs%20are,OA%20knee%20joint%20%5B16%5D
12 KB (1,650 words) - 19:27, 1 February 2024
...on the treatment of Achilles tendon rupture]. JBJS. 2010 Oct 20;92(14):2466-8.</ref>. Achilles tendon rupture is either managed conservatively with a c
...hilles Tendon Rupture. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kr84-NEoYiE [last accessed 10/6/2021]</ref>
9 KB (1,204 words) - 11:00, 6 October 2021
[https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/bernice-saban/ Bernice Saban]<br>
...inical reasoning and patient values]. Br J Sports Med. 2021 Oct;55(19):1106-18. </ref>
19 KB (2,855 words) - 10:50, 12 January 2023
...iflex the foot throughout [[Gait Cycle|the gait cycle]] in patients with [[foot drop]] or to strengthen the [[Quadriceps Muscle|quadriceps]] following a [[
.../canada’s-first-arm-cycling-program-parkwood-institute-patients-spinal-cord-injury]</ref>
15 KB (2,141 words) - 20:41, 23 January 2024
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/donna-fisher/ Donna Fisher]
==== 1. Ankle Foot Orthoses<ref>[[Introduction to Ankle Foot Orthoses]]</ref> ====
21 KB (3,037 words) - 12:18, 31 January 2023
...sterior surface of [[Adductor Magnus]]. Nerves branch off to the hamstring muscles. The nerve is crossed obliquely on its superficial aspect by the long head
...name=":2">Gray's anatomy- The anatomical basis of clinical practice. Forty-first edition.</ref>
13 KB (1,905 words) - 03:53, 30 January 2024
...midal tracts: Conscious control of muscles from the cerebral cortex to the muscles of the body and face.
...iculospinal Tract|reticulospinal tract]] is one of the most important extra-pyramidal tracts for controlling the activity of lower motor neurons.
8 KB (1,056 words) - 04:36, 27 April 2022
...mage - © Kenhub https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/posterior-thigh-muscles</ref>|thumb]]
...iversity students.] British journal of sports medicine. 2003 Feb 1;37(1):59-61.</ref>
8 KB (1,151 words) - 13:52, 3 September 2023
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/ibukun-afolabi/ Ibukun Afolabi]<br>
...text Biotensegrity: what is the big deal?] J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020;24(1):134-7. </ref> system, it is important that pelvic health physiotherapists consid
16 KB (2,376 words) - 11:15, 13 June 2023
...: an update. Current neurology and neuroscience reports. 2012 Apr;12(2):165-74.</ref>
...es. UpToDate.. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/congenital-myopathies</ref>
15 KB (2,098 words) - 15:25, 9 January 2023
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/donna-fisher/ Donna Fisher]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{
...a specific type of assistive device that, as its name suggests, covers the foot and ankle. There are three main types of AFOs: flexible, rigid and jointed.
19 KB (2,853 words) - 12:26, 1 November 2022
...and the patient’s expectations. '''Rehabilitation should begin 5 days post-surgery '''<ref name="BACPAR">British association of Chartered Physioth
...om all angles. Knowledge of normal gait patterns for the prosthetic and non-prosthetic user is required to help analysis of movement. On observation of
25 KB (3,707 words) - 15:55, 21 July 2023
...ot models and their use in clinical populations. Gait & Posture. 2019;69:50-9.</ref>
...d management process. It is important to not just understand the models of foot function, but also to be critical and develop questions in regards with the
26 KB (3,907 words) - 02:31, 18 November 2022
...bar spine]] this approach is now well established. In the management of non-specific [[Back Education Program|low back pain]] the subgrouping and classi
...the alignment of the lumbar spine have been noted in subjects with flexion-related lumbar pain<ref name=":1" />.
14 KB (2,141 words) - 18:21, 13 July 2021
[[File:Download (2).jpg|thumb|alt=|Pes Planus A.k.a flat foot]]
...n 7;53(2):142-5.</ref> This is often observed with the medial arch of the foot coming closer (than typically expected) to the ground or making contact wit
31 KB (4,669 words) - 09:18, 4 January 2024
...nd neurological rehabilitation. Lancet Neurol. [Review]. 2011 Sep;10(9):844-52</ref>. The two most commonly used classifications of gait are:
...egia in children and young adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987 Mar;69(3):437-41</ref>. They categorised hemiplegic gait patterns into four types based on
24 KB (3,789 words) - 16:58, 22 May 2023
...ased on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/krista-eskay/ Krista Eskay]<br>
...]. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 2022 Mar;9(1):57-64.</ref>
11 KB (1,724 words) - 11:33, 18 May 2023
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/claire-robertson// Claire Robertson]<br>
...-semi-membranosis-biceps-femoris-semitendinosus-tuber-ischiadicum-back-skin-names.png|Hamstrings in situ. Note their relationship with the knee.|alt=|t
18 KB (2,769 words) - 14:42, 24 October 2023
...motor units of multiple muscles with simultaneous inhibition of all other muscles in order to carry out a desired activity.<ref name=":0">Slide player [http:
...w image - © Kenhub https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/cerebellum-and-brainstem</ref>
17 KB (2,420 words) - 07:24, 1 April 2022
...e course presented by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/helene-simpson/ Helene Simpson]
[[The Flag System|Red Flags]] specific to foot and ankle assessment:
21 KB (2,971 words) - 18:42, 17 January 2023
....gov/pmc/articles/PMC8301671/ Limb development in skeletally-immature large-sized dogs: A radiographic study]. Plos one. 2021 Jul 23;16(7):e0254788.</re
...o L, Angileri V, Morabito S, Cassata G, Macrì F. [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/3/813 Four Unusual Cases of Congenital Forelimb Malformations in Dog
19 KB (2,783 words) - 23:14, 3 January 2023
...idiopathic toe walking: A systematic review]. Gait Posture. 2019 Jan;67:181-6. </ref> In children aged two or under, toe walking is generally considered
...ing]. Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Guideline 040, pages 1-17 (2011).</ref>
17 KB (2,337 words) - 06:51, 14 January 2024
...he lower back and core by engaging (pulling in) the abdominal muscles. Push-ups are a fast and effective exercise for building strength.
== Execution of conventional push-up ==
14 KB (2,039 words) - 19:20, 9 February 2024
.... Our last four years experience. Materio socio-media. 2015 Dec; 27(6): 380-382.</ref>.
...ble from: https://www.healthpartners.com/hospitals/regions/specialties/burn-center/splints/#:~:text=Splints%20for%20burns,-Overview&text=Splints%20or%20
6 KB (924 words) - 13:26, 17 August 2023
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/damien-howell/ Damien Howell]<br>
...with musculoskeletal pain syndromes or if it is possible to cluster or sub-classify gait deviations in order to improve clinician analysis and patient
17 KB (2,307 words) - 18:38, 28 January 2023
!'''Pre-Treatment'''
!'''Post-Treatment'''
4 KB (530 words) - 11:21, 18 August 2022
...//www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/gangrene-causes-symptoms-treatments ( Accessed, 11/09/2021).</ref>.
* A foul-smelling discharge leaking from a sore
10 KB (1,445 words) - 09:30, 5 January 2022
My client is a 44-year-old male farmer who lives and farm in a rural area of North Central part of
...bsent of sensation to deep and light touch from the knee joint down to the foot
6 KB (973 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...he fascial compartment affected by increased compartment pressures include muscles, [[Neurone|nerves]] and vasculature.
...r leg: a review.] The Journal for Nurse Practitioners. 2016 Apr 1;12(4):265-70. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4970751/<nowiki/
13 KB (1,847 words) - 06:06, 29 October 2021
...ee pain. Owing to a lack of understanding of the condition, it may be under-diagnosed or inadequately treated. <ref name=":0">Bylund, W. E., & de Weber,
The tendon of the muscles that form the pes anserinus (Sartorius, Gracilis, emitendinosus) run on the
10 KB (1,384 words) - 10:30, 16 September 2019
...ased on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/krista-eskay/ Krista Eskay]<br>
...vailable from: https://posna.org/physician-education/study-guide/metatarsus-adductus (accessed 29 October 2023).</ref></blockquote>
22 KB (3,065 words) - 05:44, 19 December 2023
...JA, Day MK, Lee PL, et al. Physiological cross-sectional area of human leg muscles based on magnetic resonance imaging. J Orthop Res. 1992;10(6):928–34.</re
*Plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle;
9 KB (1,355 words) - 17:44, 27 November 2021
...erve and psoas quartus muscle. Anatomy & Cell Biology. 2019 Jun 1;52(2):208-10.</ref>. It controls:
...xors|hip flexor muscles]], as well as [[Quadriceps Muscle|knee extension]] muscles.
11 KB (1,600 words) - 23:53, 22 December 2023
...ussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]].
...Contributors''' -{{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}<span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> </span>
26 KB (3,724 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
62-year-old man with a 8 week post-op following right transtibial amputation secondary to PVD and Type 2 Diabet
*
Diabetic foot ulcers
13 KB (1,810 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...fessional Road Cyclists.] The American journal of sports medicine. 38. 2494-501. 10.1177/0363546510376816. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net
...mbar Assessment|lumbar]] spine, [[Hip Anatomy|hip]], [[knee]], [[Ankle and Foot|ankle]]) gets a problem it can pull on the knee joint changing the way the
14 KB (2,030 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...VanBlarcom CW, editor. [https://www.thejpd.org/article/S0022-3913(99)70234-9/fulltext The glossary of prosthodontic terms]. Mosby; 1999.</ref>, support
...indications and methods]. American family physician. 2009 Sep 1;80(5):491-9.</ref>
9 KB (1,178 words) - 18:38, 10 November 2022
...ased on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/krista-eskay/ Krista Eskay]<br>
...nding on the gestational age, preterm can be further divided into three sub-categories:
11 KB (1,502 words) - 17:00, 14 January 2024
*Long head: tibial division of the [[Sciatic Nerve|sciatic nerve]] (L5-S2)<ref name="Netter" />
...om/open-access-journals/international-journal-of-surgical-procedures/ijsp-1-121.pdf Snapping Knee from Biceps Femoris Tendon Subluxation: A Case of Pers
10 KB (1,461 words) - 01:58, 23 March 2024
...] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/diane-merwarth/ Diane Merwarth]<br>
...1(1):19159.</ref> Of those, 40 to 60 million people have diabetic-related foot and lower extremity complications. Diabetes accounts for 9% of total adult
20 KB (2,647 words) - 05:13, 13 November 2023
...mbers.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/michelle-green-smerdon// Michelle Green-Smerdon]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}
...ballet dancers.] Journal of Dance Medicine & Science. 2018 Dec 1;22(4):209-17.</ref>
22 KB (3,395 words) - 19:05, 22 January 2023
[[File:Foot ligaments.png|alt=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deltoid_ligament#/media/Fil
...alar ligament (ATTL) passes from the tip of the medial malleolus to the non-articular part of the medial talar surface. It is crossed by the tendons of
13 KB (1,956 words) - 19:41, 9 October 2020
<div class="editorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [https://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Shreya_Pavaskar Shreya Pavaskar] <br>
...uscular dystrophies. Journal of neuromuscular diseases. 2015 Jan 1;2(s2):S7-19.</ref> Patterns of weakness can be variable - Scapuloperoneal or distal w
16 KB (2,160 words) - 04:27, 11 May 2024
...wska]] based on course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/rina-pandya/ Rina Pandya]
...lobal (also known as stabiliser and global movers, see [[Core Muscles|core muscles]]).
17 KB (2,471 words) - 17:39, 18 February 2024
...the quadriceps]] is lateral to the joint line mainly due to the large cross-sectional area and force potential of [[Vastus Lateralis|the vastus laterali
...connecting a point near the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the mid-point of the [[patella]]) and a line from the center of the patella to the c
14 KB (2,126 words) - 11:36, 31 December 2023
...syndrome and related conditions. Movement Disor-ders. 2002 Sep 1;17(5):853-66. DOI: 10.1002/mds.10279</ref>
SPS is part of the spectrum of autoimmune encephalitides (an antibody-mediated brain inflammatory process, typically involving the limbic system,
10 KB (1,351 words) - 17:07, 18 May 2023
...s: a narrative literature review. Musculoskeletal Surgery. 2020 Dec;104:237-43.</ref> Hallux limitus (HL) is the name given to the earlier stage of this
[[File:Foot inferior.png|thumb|Plantar view of the foot]]
25 KB (3,676 words) - 08:36, 21 April 2023
...image - © Kenhub https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/gluteus-maximus-muscle</ref>.]]
...]]. It is the largest muscle at the hip representing 16% of the total cross-sectional area.<ref name=":0">Keith L. , Anne M. R .
13 KB (1,921 words) - 04:11, 30 January 2024
'''Original Editor '''- [https://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Jess_Bell Jess Bell] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Cont
...thological findings in horses. Equine Veterinary Education. 2020;32(12):664-72.</ref>
24 KB (3,509 words) - 06:55, 4 January 2023
...itor '''- [[User:Lorenza Perez|Lorena Perez]] as part of [http://www.physio-pedia.com/ICRC_Cerebral_Palsy_Content_Development_Project#Articles_to_be_dev
...: Dyskinetic and Ataxic. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s-n4eFypPc [last accessed 13/08/16]</ref>
19 KB (2,702 words) - 10:14, 2 November 2023
...tilting in sagittal plane.] Physical therapy research. 2016 Dec 20;19(1):50-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5342962/ (la
...muscles control motion in the pelvic sagittal plane. Training of the local muscles may be effective for the improvement of lumbar alignment in the sagittal pl
13 KB (2,062 words) - 15:09, 13 March 2023
...Janda's work. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies. 2010 July;14:299-301</ref> The [[Hamstrings|hamstrings]] are frequently found to be tight in
...ese muscles are inhibited and substituted by activation of the superficial muscles.
16 KB (2,431 words) - 16:46, 15 December 2022
*Osteophyte or chondro-osteophyte.
...pingement syndromes. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2003 Aug;181(2):551-9.</ref>
14 KB (2,186 words) - 12:33, 23 August 2019
.... [https://now.aapmr.org/biomechanic-of-gait-and-treatment-of-abnormal-gait-patterns/ Biomechanic of Gait and Treatment of Abnormal Gait Patterns].</ref
* Foot conditions
15 KB (2,153 words) - 17:56, 7 April 2024
[[File:673A5849-26B9-4C25-A44A-3980D17EDCCE.png|alt=|right|frameless]]
...pedia Internal Capsule Available: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/internal-capsule ( accessed 30.7.2021)</ref>
9 KB (1,326 words) - 21:59, 13 November 2023
[[File:AFO-Swedish-Leaf-Side-Shoe.jpg|right|frameless|204x204px]]
...hey contain. For example, an ankle foot orthosis ('AFO') is applied to the foot and ankle, a thoracolumbosacral orthosis ('TLSO') affects the thoracic, lum
29 KB (4,373 words) - 10:33, 2 November 2023
...based on a course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/bernice-saban/ Bernice Saban]<br>
...velopment of plantar heel pain in athletes]. The foot. 2001 Sep 1;11(3):119-25.
33 KB (4,778 words) - 11:26, 18 August 2022
...pecific Pathology: A Systematic Review. ''J Sports Sci Med''. 2019;18(1):21-31. </ref>
* [https://physio-pedia.com/Patellofemoral_Pain_Syndrome Patellofemoral pain]
15 KB (2,336 words) - 16:44, 20 November 2022
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/helene-simpson/ Helene Simpson]<br>
...S, Woertler K. Ankle and foot. Musculoskeletal Diseases 2021-2024. 2021:107-20.</ref>
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[[File:Human-heart-chambers.jpg|right|frameless|399x399px]]
...ve Disease|aortic]] valve open and close with each heartbeat to allow a one-way flow of blood.
5 KB (779 words) - 00:45, 20 November 2023
...ent syndrome: evaluation and management. ''Hand clinics'', ''34''(1), pp.53-60.</ref>.
...ournal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2011 Jan 1;19(1):49-58.</ref> (most common)
11 KB (1,559 words) - 09:55, 28 March 2022
...nd other tissues. The ligaments provide stability during loading while the muscles around the knee have a secondary role in stabilising this joint. If these s
...d ''vertical'' passing from inferior to superior. The rotation axes of the foot joints are perpendicular to the cardinal planes. Therefore, motion at these
31 KB (4,601 words) - 11:28, 3 June 2023
...ior|anterior lower leg muscles]], and some intrinsic [[Foot Anatomy|foot]] muscles.
...es sensation to the posterior and lateral lower leg as well as the plantar foot.
16 KB (2,365 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
...ncreased friction resulting in pain.<ref name=":1">Mora JC, Przkora R, Cruz-Almeida Y. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6179584/ Knee osteo
...a disease of mechanics.] Osteoarthritis and cartilage. 2013 Jan 1;21(1):10-5.</ref>. There can be muscle wasting in some cases.<ref name=":2" /> There
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