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...ractures]] eg in the vertebrae. Vertebral fractures can cause changes in [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|spinal curvature]], leaving other vertebrae more susceptible

# '''Thoracic facet arthrosis'''; where facet joints of upper back (T1-T12) are damaged.

...fat embolism, inhalation of toxic fumes, and [[pancreatitis]] (these extra-thoracic illnesses and/or injuries trigger an inflammatory cascade culminating in pu ...n <ref>Daoud, E.G., 2007. Airway pressure release ventilation. ''Annals of thoracic medicine'', ''2''(4), p.176.</ref>.

* The prevalence of [[sciatica]], neck and/or [[Thoracic Back Pain|thoracic spinal pain]]

[[Category:Thoracic Spine - Outcome Measures]]

...xacerbations and hospitalization, assist in sputum clearance, and increase thoracic mobility and lung volume.

* British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of suspected acute pulmonary embolism

...tients undergoing curative lung cancer surgery. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 44 (4)e 266-71 </ref> While an integrated multidisciplinary 7-day ...al.; ATS/ERS Task Force on Pulmonary Rehabilitation. An official American Thoracic Society/ European Respiratory Society statement: key concepts and advances

...spine injury using the [[Canadian C-Spine Rule|Canadian C‑Spine Rule]] or thoracic or lumbar injury. <ref name=":0" /> ...in an intensive care unit, in particular injuries to the cervical or high thoracic spinal cord where the autonomic function may impact on intel treatment. In

...neutral spine. The first step is to have the patient slump forward at the thoracic and [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] spine. If this position does not cause pain,

...in a sleep disorder centre: a review of sleep diary accuracy]. Journal of Thoracic Disease. 2018; 10(1): 177-183</ref>.

* Iatrogenic (most common): Cross-clamping of the aorta during thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Thoracic Anatomy|Thoracic]] manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (Pleuritis, pulmonary arte

...xtrusion of spinal cord elements into a meningeal sac; location: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and/or sacral spine; motor deficits are less likely than with myel ...xtrusion of spinal cord elements into a meningeal sac; location: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and/or sacral spine, leads to paraplegia and insensitivity below t

* [[Scoliosis]] &amp; [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis]]

* [[Effectiveness of thoracic manipulations on shoulder pain: A Case Report]]

* Patients develop an exaggerated thoracic kyphosis and/or an exaggerated lumbar lordosis<ref name="Griffith" /> - due ...in elderly|falls]], providing correct spine alignment (reduction of the [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis]]), improving respiratory function in severe cases, and enhan

...er upper rib cage motion compared to lower rib cage (Chaitow et al, 2002). Thoracic breathing is produced by recruiting the accessory muscles of respiration (i ...ilar muscles to function and there is a need for a stabilised cervical and thoracic spine to assist movement of the ribs during inspiration and expiration. The

** [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|Kyphosis]] of the spine resulting in neck and back pain&nbsp; ...hich is going impact the spine. These patients will often have increased [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis]] secondary to becoming barrel chested. Other manifestations

...following a spinal cord injury, particularly in those with a lesion at mid-thoracic levels (T6) and above. During the acute phase of spinal cord injury the ma ...ported incidence of neurogenic shock was 19.3% in cervical injuries, 7% in thoracic injuries and and 3% in lumbar injuries, typically occurring within 24 hours

..." />&nbsp;<ref name="Clark and Letts 2001">Clark P, Letts M. Trauma to the thoracic and lumbar spine in the adolescent. Can J Surg 2001;44(5):337–45.</ref></ ...-plate herniations of disc material <ref name="Ferguson 2006">Ferguson RL. Thoracic and lumbar spinal trauma of the immature spine. In: 
Herkowitz HN, Garfin

...ontinence. For these patients, an assessment of the [[Thoracic Examination|thoracic spine]] and [[Ribs|rib]] mobility would be indicated.<ref name=":0" />

Of all corticospinal fibres approximately 20% terminate at thoracic levels, 25% at lumbosacral levels and 55% at cervical levels. Many of the f

...e usually used for users with difficulty of movement in the shoulders or [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphosis]]. Smaller wheels are also used in children's chairs

...[Spinal Cord Injury|spinal cord injury]], surgical patients (abdominal and thoracic) ventilator-induced myopathy and failure to wean,<ref>Hoffman M, Van Holleb *'''Stretching''' - thoracic stretching will reduce any musculoskeletal resistance to inhalation and can

...h, 2012</ref>, British Thoracic Society guidelines <ref name="BTS">British Thoracic Society. Standards of Care Committee on Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Thorax 20 ...is a common problem for individuals with COPD <ref name="RIES" />. British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Subcommittee on Pulmonary Rehabilitation <ref nam

...icothoracic junctions in the management of disorders of the neck and upper thoracic spine - Part 2: Treatment. In: Boyling JD, Jull GA, editors. Grieve's Moder ...and cervicothoracic junctions in managing disorders of the neck and upper thoracic spine - Part 3: Cervicothoracic junction. In: Boyling JD, Jull GA, editors.

|thoracic paraplegia ...ed individuals. While those with a complete cervical level injury or upper thoracic level injury have a significantly different response as a result of relianc

**** Ankle clonus is the only one indicated if there is central thoracic pain

Women have less vertebral wedging in the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae, they have relatively greater interspinous space Women also have a less kyphotic posture of the upper and the lower thoracic area than males. Furthermore, the trunk’s center of mass is maintained in

...ing a kyphometer. The measurement is performed in a standing position. The thoracic kyphosis is measured from C7-T12 and the lumbar lordosis from T12-L5.<ref n

...atment in underdeveloped countries.|clubfoot]], [[Scoliosis|scoliosis,]] [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphosis]]);

...individuals with [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] and high [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] injury. Complications include [[pneumonia]], [[atelectasis]] and other re

...hibits a [[Forward Head Posture|forward head posture]] and kyphosis of the thoracic spine with mild lateral deviation towards the left. He also stands with sli (-) indicates short of full extension. Also observed limited thoracic extension and axial rotation.

...rolateral abdominal muscles (TA and OI) contract as or slightly before the thoracic diaphragm relaxes to transfer IAP from the abdomen to the thorax.<ref>Gordo ...dies typically develop areas of rigidity in the upper lumbar and the lower thoracic area along with the buttock muscles. Diane Lee refers to this as “back cl

...in height, spinal cord compression, [[Radiculopathy|radicular]] pain or [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphosis]]. 

...ar fluid into damaged tissues may occur in fractures of the extremities, [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]], [[pelvis]], or spine. Because the bone is very vascular,

...nter Cohort Study and Propensity-matched Analysis]. Annals of the American Thoracic Society [Internet]. 2021 Mar 1;18(3):495–501.</ref> <ref>Petit M, Fétita

...Prediction Rule to Identify Patients With Neck Pain Likely to Benefit From Thoracic Spine Thrust Manipulation and a General Cervical Range of Motion Exercise:

* Entrapment Syndromes - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome etc

...JA, Childs Maj. JD, McRae M, Palmer JA, Stowell T. Immediate effects of a thoracic manipulation in patients with neck pain: A randomized clinical trial. Manua ...ias J, Fernandez-De-Las-Penas C, Cleland JA, Del Rosario Gutierrez-Vega M. Thoracic spine manipulation for the management of paitents with neck pain: a randomi

* Joint mobilization for: hips, coccyx, lumbar or thoracic spine

...fibers are derived from the sixth, seventh, and eighth cervical and first thoracic nerves. As it descends through the arm, it lies at first lateral to the bra

* Thoracic kyphosis # Kyphotic [[posture]] in thoracic spine

...tes. Movement system impairment syndromes of the extremities, cervical and thoracic spine St.Louis, MO (USA): Elsevier Mosby; 2011:p.439-482</ref> [[Weight bea

...s been reported by 79% of patients with cervical SCI, 69% of patients with thoracic SCI and 22% of patients with high lumbar SCI<ref name=":2" /> *** 85% of patients with a thoracic injury

Hyperkyphosis of the thoracic spine.

# Flexion, extension and rotation of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine

# The right vagus enters the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] by crossing the first part of the subclavian artery and po

...and it is at this point that the physiotherapist will analyse the golfer's thoracic spine and hip position and movement compared to established norms.

...gall stones, cholecystitis; characterized by abdominal pain, nausea, lower thoracic pain, fever

* Hypermobility or hypomobility may be present in the thoracic and lumbar spine

*Thoracic Manipulation for Neck Pain

* The recipient's heart is removed but a cuff of right atrium and ascending thoracic aorta distal to semilunar valve is left for anastomosing to the respective

** Deep Breathing Exercises or Thoracic Expansion Exercises

...rapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 2008; 5(4):513-8. Doi: 10.1513/pats.200708-124ET.</ref>. Increased

* [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] radiation therapy  ...lvement include unilateral upper extremity numbness and tingling (cervical/thoracic), leg weakness or paresis (lumbar), or [[Bowel Management in Spinal Cord In

...ody. It divides into four major regions, the ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta.

...ehabilitation may not be reasonable in a minority.<ref name="ATS">American Thoracic Society documents. An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Statement: idiopathic pulmo

== Cervico-Thoracic ==

...eatments to the [[Neck Pain: Clinical Practice Guidelines|neck]] and upper thoracic areas

...xact cause.<ref>Canapp SO, Dycus D, Kirkby Shaw K. Disorders of the Canine Thoracic Limb. In: Zink C, Van Dyke JB, editors. Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabili ...houlder computed tomography and clinical findings in 89 dogs presented for thoracic limb lameness. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2013;54(4):358-64. </ref> OCD occurs

* Manual therapy:&nbsp;Cervical and thoracic joint manipulation to improve or maintain the range of motion.

*[[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic outlet syndrome]] ...pain relief <ref name="Cross">Cross KM, Kuenze C, Grindstaff TL, Hertel J.Thoracic spine thrust manipulation improves pain, range of motion, and self-reported

...S. Movement System Impairmment Syndromes of the Extremities, Cervical, and Thoracic Spines. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2010 </ref>

...more contiguous dermatomes unilaterally. Dermatomes commonly involved are thoracic (53%), cervical (20%), and [[Trigeminal Neuralgia|trigeminal]] (15%) includ

|Long thoracic nerve/C5 6, 7 injuries

Scapula articulates with the humerus and thoracic cage, scapula muscles are attached to humerus and spine. That's why scapula

...r]] spine consists of 5 vertebrae, situated between the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic spine]] and the [[sacrum]]. Each vertebra consists of a vertebral body and ...Tension within the upper spine and chest muscles will be reflected in the thoracic region and to lumbar, pelvis and to the legs, increasing fatigue which caus

If the [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|thoracic kyphosis]] exceeds 40-45° during the growth period and if there are radiol ...k.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00586-014-3580-8 A comprehensive review of thoracic deformity parameters in scoliosis.] European Spine Journal 2014;23(12):2594

...on test, shoulder lag sign and painful arc sign was positive. Cervical and thoracic spine ROM were reviewed and cleared with no issues.

...s its central tendon down. This increases the negative pressure inside the thoracic cavity, which draws air in. At the same time, the external intercostal musc

Superior thoracic regions

* Encourage normal hip and thoracic mobility ...ve stretching techniques and central mobilisations into hypomobile cervico-thoracic segments are more effective at significantly reducing pain and disability ,

...ia and can prevent intubation in some patients. <ref name=":3">The Italian Thoracic Society (AIPO - ITS) and Italian Respirarory Society (SIP/IRS). Managing th # '''British Thoracic Society'''

...during the expiration phase. This pattern, more frequent in cervical than thoracic SCI, is the result of a lack of spinal motor activation of the external int ...ntercostal results in ribs being drawn inwards by negative pressure in the thoracic cavity instead of Rib Elevation during Inspiration.

...r fascia is a strong aponeurosis composed of three layers that extends the thoracic region to the sacrum and separates the paraspinal muscles from the muscles

...ific direction more readily than other joints, such as the knees, hips, or thoracic spine."<ref>Cholewicki J, Breen A, Popovich Jr JM, Reeves NP, Sahrmann SA,

...rways and movement or shifting of the organs away from the air leak in the thoracic cavity will be indicative of the presence of a pneumothorax.

* Thoracic occlusion

...management of back pain series, Volume 2 Clincal Anatomy and Management of Thoracic Spine Pain, Butterworth Heinemann, 2000: 61-66.</ref><ref name="p1">Mills K ...n may be compromised. The aim of the chest expansion test is to assess the thoracic mobility.

...ing to the nasopharynx and oropharynx, down to the larynx and to the extra-thoracic trachea (see Figure 3).<ref>Mete A, Akbudak IH. [https://www.intechopen.com

* Thoracic mobility exercises

...016">SIGN. British guideline on the management of asthma. https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/document-library/clinical-information/asthma/btssign-asthma-guidelin ...or exogenous stimuli”<ref name="Canadian Thoracic Society, 2010">Canadian Thoracic Society. Recommendations for the management of asthma hildren (6 years and

* EDN and upper cervical and upper thoracic HVLA thrust spinal manipulation were shown to be more effective than non-th

...ss, headache or vertigo, the PT should thoroughly examine for cervical and thoracic dysfunction, oculomotor and vestibular dysfunction, orthostatic dysfunction

...ct.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0887217118300313 Imaging and management of thoracic trauma.] InSeminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 2018 Aug 1 (Vol. 39, No. 4, p

*[http://www.oandplibrary.org/alp/chap10-01.asp Scapulo-thoracic dissociation] (forequarter)

...Freeman D, Green A, Hippolyte S, Knowles V, MacNee W, McDonnell L. British Thoracic Society guidelines for home oxygen use in adults: accredited by NICE. Thora

* visceral damage in the thoracic / abdominal areas from gunshot injuries

* Thoracic activity * Thoracic expansion (with shoulder elevation)

...rican Thoracic Society. Pulse-oximetry. Available from pulse-oximetry.pdf (thoracic.org) (accessed 15 October 2022).</ref>. For example, a 92% oxygen saturatio

...consists of inserting electrodes into the posterior epidural space of the thoracic or cervical spine ipsilateral to the pain (if unilateral) and at an appropr

* [[Thoracic Radiculopathy]]

...l stenosis are the most common types and occur separately or combined. The thoracic spine is rarely involved. Epidemiological data suggests an incidence of 1 c *Thoracic thrusts,

...al.; ATS/ERS Task Force on Pulmonary Rehabilitation. An official American Thoracic Society/ European Respiratory Society statement: key concepts and advances

...als without injury. Persons with a complete cervical level injury or upper thoracic level injury have a significantly different response due to reliance on upp ...g with the reduced return of oxygen from the lower limbs and reduced intra-thoracic muscle pumps, and contractility, meaning less blood returns to the heart wi

...vement, prevention and or treatment of [[atelectasis]], and maintenance of thoracic expansion.<ref name=":0" />

...ses the lower end of the spinal column between the last [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] vertebra (T12) and the first [[Sacrum|sacral vertebra]] (S1). There is a

...zoster reactivation:''' One of the earliest signs of HIV, and affects the thoracic and trigeminal nerve. Complications include myelitis and post herpetic neur

...ic curve disappeared in sitting and was replaced with an obvious increased thoracic kyphosis. The patient had bilateral thick calf muscles as well as winging a ...er-lordotic curve disappears when sitting. The Patient sits with increased thoracic kyphosis.

...decreasing friction. Klenck and Gebke (2007) also states that cervical and thoracic spine injuries are common with athletes with upper extremity amputations du

...ile the therapist stabilises the pelvis. Most movement should occur in the thoracic spine however the therapist should ascertain whether there is movement in t ...so require to move their feet forwards. Symptoms should be relieved.<br>'''Thoracic kyphosis''': can be associated with lumbar lordosis. Standing against a wal

...let Syndrome Information Page. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/thoracic/thoracic.htm. Updated July 14, 2010. Accessed November 1, 2010.</ref>

...osture, slouched internally rotated shoulders, exaggerated kyphosis in the thoracic spine with head forward

...on of the [[Brachial plexus injury|brachial plexus]] by [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] tumors or invasion of the lumbosacral plexus by abdominal or pelvic tumor

...mmonly seen will include: [[Forward Head Posture|forward head posture]], [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|rounded flexed spine]], [[Upper-Crossed Syndrome|rounded shou

...arreby M, Neergaard K, Hesselsôe G, Kjer J. Are Radiologic Changes in the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine of Adolescents Risk Factors for Low Back Pain in Adults?. ...f>. Muscle-related pain tends to be localised to paraspinal muscles of the thoracic or lumbar area rather than over the spine itself<ref name="Metzl" />

Thoracic ...ected. The arms are not affected. Low level paraplegia occurs in the lower Thoracic Spine below T6 and the Lumbar Spine and the legs are affected, the pelvis m

...t mobs to wrist and elbow). <br>2. Local + spinal treatment. (Cervical and thoracic Maitland grade III and IV passive physiological and accessory. No grade V m Inclusion: signs of LET and articular impairments of cervical or thoracic spine.<br>

...re-clinical student physiotherapy students comparing the mobility of three thoracic vertebrae on PA movements demonstrated a 68% agreement without any informat

The six minute walking test (6MWT) was developed by the American Thoracic Society and it was officially introduced in 2002, coming along with a compr

...or chronic cough is unrelated to their recent onset of midscapular pain or thoracic back pain; thus, it is imperative to ask the patient if they have had any s

* Thoracic spine alignment

...ude; clavicle fracture, shoulder dislocation, acromioclavicular sprain and thoracic outlet syndrome <ref name=":3" />.

*[[Scoliosis|Scoliosis]], [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|Kyphosis]]

*Collapse of vertebral bodies with risk of&nbsp; thoracic kyphosis and spinal cord compression

*adjacent joints: [[TMJ Anatomy|Temporomandibular joint]], thoracic spine, ribs, shoulder complex *Thoracic, temporomandibular, facial, and limb pain

...e care unit. Systematic review with meta-analysis.] Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 2017 May;14(5):766-77. DOI:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201611-843SR </ref> P

*** Thoracic outlet

** Ask runner to slump forward at the thoracic and lumbar spine

...ventral rami (roots) of the lower 4 cervical nerves (C5-C8) and the first thoracic nerve (T1).<br>The brachial plexus is responsible for cutaneous and muscula

* [[Assessment and Treatment of the Thoracic Spine|Thorax]]

* Rounded shoulders with increased thoracic kyphosis

** The x-factor – rotation of the thoracic spine relative to the pelvis at the top of the backswing

Physical examination of the spine involves the cervical, thoracic and lumbar region. The physician may ask the patient to bend the back in di

|Thoracic vertebrae (1-12)

* Thoracic trauma (in 50 percent of patients)

...to body noxious stimuli. It occurs with people with a spinal injury at the thoracic level (T6) and above. This issue is called ''autonomic dysreflexia'' and i

...“stabbing’’ , pain in the lower back as a “dull ache’’ and the pain in the thoracic spine is rather “burning’’. Other pain-descriptions are: shooting pai ....com/Sciatica Sciatica], [[Meralgia Paraesthetica|Meralgia Paresthetica]], thoracic/rib pain, [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Hip_Pain_%26_Mobility_Deficits hip p

...ww.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1164/rccm.201309-1634ST An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: key concepts and advances i

.../ref> found that resistive exercises targeting the extensor muscles of the thoracic and lumbar spine and hip can have a positive effect on preserved pain and l

...wnwards as they extend towards the chest area, where they connect with the thoracic vertebrae.

...ere is only&nbsp;low evidence for pain relief and improvement in function. Thoracic manipulation could be an additional therapy for pain relief.

...atments of Sleep and Circadian Disruption in the ICU: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.] American journal of respiratory and critical c

European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society [http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/50/2/1602426 Clinical guideline

...vanović J, Tomašević-Todorović S. Efficacy of the lumbar stabilization and thoracic mobilization exercise program on pain intensity and functional disability r

...lead to changes in posture in other parts of the body, such as: increased thoracic kyphosis and increased cervical lordosis <ref>Ishida, H., Hirose, R. and Wa ...the patient in the seated pike position. Pressure is applied at the upper thoracic region of the back for greater leverage in performing the stretch, while th

...ger children in particular more likely to present with associated head and thoracic injuries. The presence of certain explosive remnants of war (such as cluste

...) with most deaths a result of suffocation. Typical injuries include lung, thoracic and pelvic injuries with mild bruising and lacerations most common. Researc

...e 2002; 30(1): 66-73.</ref><ref name=":3">Barrett E. Examining the Role of Thoracic Kyphosis in Shoulder Pain [Phd Thesis]. Limerick: University of Limerick. 2

...patients undergoing lung cancer resection. Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery. 2014 May 12;19(2):269-81.</ref>

Cervical, thoracic, shoulder ROMs with OP as well as rib mobility should be performed. Reduced These tests require appropriate elbow, scapulothoracic, and thoracic mobility and these areas should be cleared of pathology first. If a patient

*[http://www.physio-pedia.com/Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10907896/ Thoracic Spine Dysfunction in Upper Extremity Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I]

[[File:Dermatomes for Thoracic Spine Course.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Dermatomes]]

Superior thoracic regions

...lordosis, alignment of the upper spine, cervical spine lordosis, kyphotic thoracic spine and the appropriate alignment of the pelvis connecting to the lower e

...nd fingers. However, a kinematic chain extends from the cervical and upper thoracic spine to the fingertips. Only when certain multiple segments are completely

...ed by chronic pain. In this case preoperative ultrasound- guided SSNB with thoracic epidural analgesia could achieve effective shoulder pain relief for 72 hour

* thoracic spine (increased / decreased kyphosis

Thoracic spine

# Aortic atherosclerosis'':'' Including thoracic and [[Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm|abdominal]] aneurysms<ref>Lopez EO, Jan A.

...tes. Movement system impairment syndromes of the extremities, cervical and thoracic spine St.Louis, MO (USA): Elsevier Mosby; 2011:p.439-482</ref>

...to improve lumbopelvic control: hip extension, lumbar spine extension, and thoracic spine extension with co-contractions. These co-contractions can also be per

# Hypomobility of upper thoracic spine

...tes. Movement system impairment syndromes of the extremities, cervical and thoracic spine St.Louis, MO (USA): Elsevier Mosby; 2011:p.439-482</ref>

'''Long thoracic nerve''' (Pain on flexing fully extended arm. Inability to flex fully exten

...ref name=":2">Kuchera W, Kuchera ML. Diagnosis and manipulative treatment: Thoracic region.</ref>.

...t. He has to keep all physiological curves in his back (cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis). These instructions are not only important for p

...//www.physio-pedia.com/Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome Parsonage Turner Syndrome, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome]

...ces/coccidioidomycosis.pdf Coccidioidomycosos] Available from: https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/coccidioidomycosis.pdf (last acces

...f bodywork and movement therapies. 2019 Jul 1;23(3):547-54.</ref> examined thoracic paraspinal myofascial trigger points in 20 individuals with upper limb CRPS

...efault C, Reardon J, Rochester C, Schols A, Singh S, Troosters T. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Statement on Pulmonary Rehabilitation.

...educed low back pain in 70% of participants. Exercises included focused on thoracic mobility, transverse abdominus and pelvic floor muscle strengthening, aimin

...ss syndrome survivors. A 5-year longitudinal study. Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 2017 Mar;14(3):376-83.</ref> Post-extubation dysphagia has been li

...gion, the lumbar vertebrae make up the region of the spine inferior to the thoracic vertebrae in the thorax and superior to the sacrum and coccyx in the pelvis

...to the foot and ankle, a thoracolumbosacral orthosis ('TLSO') affects the thoracic, lumbar and sacral regions of the spine. It is also useful to describe the

...mid-term effectiveness was found for the manipulation of the cervical and thoracic spine as add-on therapy to concentric and eccentric stretching plus mobil

* Exaggerated kyphosis in the thoracic spine → rounded back

* [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|Kyphosis]] leading to cardiopulmonary impairment<ref name=":0

|Functions of the muscles involved in breathing. Inclusions: functions of thoracic respiratory muscles; functions of the diaphragm; functions of accessory res

...ons in burn patients]: a comparative study of 697 patients. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 1970 Jan 1;59(1):7-20.</ref>

...the oil field prior to his diagnosis. Patient initially began experiencing thoracic spine and left (L) upper extremity (UE) pain, mild L lower extremity (LE) w

...aded on all levels rather than other parts of the body such as the knee or thoracic levels of the spine.

...al of physiological anthropology. 2016 Dec;35:1-2.</ref> AROM in the neck, thoracic and lumbar spine decreases every decade; the greatest changes occur in thor

...lenohumeral control (Kibler et al. 2013). [[Scapula]] positioning on the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] is important in order to create a stable base for shoulder

...[[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine and rarely, except for trauma, in the thoracic spine.<ref name=":1" />

...isation are effective for several joint conditions of the extremities, and thoracic manipulation and mobilisation are effective for acute/subacute neck pain.<r

* [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)]]

** The thoracic spine has a lower rate of disc herniation<ref name=":29">Dulebohn SC, Massa

The superficial erector spinae aponeurosis extends from the thoracic region to attach to the sacrum and ilium via a strong tendinous attachment.

* Progressive thoracic kyphotic deformity if multiple vertebrae are affected

..., more recent evidence suggests that cervicothoracic orthoses such as halo-thoracic bracing can be considered more appropriate for the initial management of a

* Thoracic kyphosis

* Patients with cervical or high thoracic injury (i.e. T6 and above) should be aware of the symptoms of autonomic dys

...:14">American Thoracic Society. Pulse-oximetry. Available from https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/pulse-oximetry.pdf [last access 28

...of his ankles bilaterally. Posture is upright and symmetrical with slight thoracic kyphosis.  

...rodes are typically positioned over the areas of the skin that overlie the thoracic (T10), lumbar (L1) and sacral nerve endings (S2-S4).<ref name=":1" /><ref n

...it supports greater weight of the body against gravity, as compared to the thoracic or cervical region. Each lumbar vertebra consists of a vertebral body, a ve

|'''[[Long Thoracic Nerve]]'''

#Thoracic Expansion Exercises (TEE) - These breaths emphasize the breath going in. Th

* Flexed thoracic spine

** Forward head posture, postural increased kyphosis in thoracic spine

* Mild (R) mid-thoracic scoliosis

* [[Range of Motion]] – Passive and Active of lumbar, thoracic spine, and hip