#REDIRECT [[Ankle and Foot Fractures]]
38 bytes (5 words) - 09:51, 11 June 2014
...of the ankle joint. There are three classifications based on the location and type of fracture.
...ia and fibula). Usually stable: but sometimes in need of an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) especially if the medial malleolus is fractured.
3 KB (456 words) - 16:36, 28 June 2020
.../doi/pdf/10.2519/jospt.2014.0502 Neck Pain: Dry Needling Can Decrease Pain and Increase Motion] from JOSPT Perspectives for Patients (2014).
...org/doi/pdf/10.2519/jospt.2014.0501 Neck and Arm Pain: Mechanical Traction and Exercises Prove an Effective Treatment] from JOSPT Perspectives for Patient
15 KB (2,084 words) - 19:01, 24 September 2016
...scale for symptom evaluation after ankle fracture. Archives of orthopaedic and traumatic surgery. 1984 Sep;103:190-4.</ref>
Individuals who have had an ankle fracture.
3 KB (358 words) - 09:26, 29 February 2024
...muscle: a comparison of the lateral and medial heads.] Journal of foot and ankle research 2014;7(1):54.</ref>The lateral head tends to be smaller than the m
...rum longus]]<ref name=":0" />, the two heads of the quadratus plantae join and form a flat band.<ref name=":1" />
4 KB (579 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
This article is currently under review and may not be up to date. Please come back soon to see the finished work! ({{R
...resemblance to a small boat. It articulates with ''four'' bones: the talus and the three cuneiforms; occasionally with a fifth, the cuboid.
3 KB (399 words) - 03:11, 3 April 2020
...n muscle attachment and contributes to the stability of the [[Ankle Joint|ankle]] joint.
The fibula is the thinner and posteriolaterally situated of the two lower leg bones. These two bones are
4 KB (539 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...escribing therapeutic interventions. foot care assessments are necessary, and should be one of our healthcare commitments.
High Arch - High arch, pes cavus, cavus feet, varus foot, supinated, under-pronating, non-pronating
4 KB (552 words) - 17:32, 7 December 2021
...lable at: <nowiki>https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/talus-fractures</nowiki> [Accessed 31 Jan. 2019].</ref>
...oint). The talus sits above the heel bone (calcaneus). Together, the talus and calcaneus form the subtalar joint, which is important for walking, especial
6 KB (958 words) - 15:44, 17 February 2021
.... Elsevier Health Sciences; 2018 Aug 22.</ref>. It is the last bone of the foot to ossify fully .<ref name=":3">Radiopedia Navicular Available:https://radi
...kle clinics. 2004 Mar 1;9(1):1-23.</ref>. Its posterior surface is concave and there are two faint ridges anteriorly to correspond with the articulation w
5 KB (767 words) - 13:39, 9 June 2022
.../ref>. Its primary action is flexion of [[Foot Anatomy|digits 2-5]] in the foot.<br>
...p to the [[Abductor Hallucis|abductor hallucis]] where is crosses forwards and laterally on the plantar aspect.
6 KB (887 words) - 12:11, 16 April 2024
...transmitting body weight and forces passing between the lower leg and the foot.
...ple joints, including the [[Ankle and Foot|talocrural]] (ankle), subtalar, and transverse tarsal joints.
9 KB (1,303 words) - 15:11, 29 October 2023
...name=":0">W. Soames R, Palastanga N. Anatomy and Human Movement Structure and Function. 7th Edition. Elsevier; 2018.</ref>
...e in maintaining the lateral longitudinal [[Arches of the Foot|arch of the foot]], in addition to some of the role of the transverse arch along with the [[
4 KB (613 words) - 09:08, 23 February 2024
[[File:Figure 3-Ankle ligaments.PNG|thumb|363x363px|Ankle tendon attachment]]
...l]], but also at the talus and calcaneus.<ref>McCoy JS, Nelson R. Avulsion Fractures. StatPearls [Internet]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/
11 KB (1,612 words) - 14:08, 25 February 2024
...L. Martin. A survey of self-reported outcome instruments for the foot and ankle. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2007;37(2):72-84. doi:10.2519/jospt.2007.2403.</
...an additional 5 items found on the FADI. Four of these items assess pain, and the fifth item evaluates an individual’s ability to sleep. These 5 i
6 KB (884 words) - 23:14, 29 August 2019
...the [[talus]] of the [[Foot Anatomy|foot]]. See the page for [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]] for more information.
...aedia Britannica. Foot. Available from: https://www.britannica.com/science/foot (accessed 26/02/2019).</ref>
12 KB (1,693 words) - 09:30, 1 June 2022
...The joint is classed structurally as a [[Synovial Joints|synovial joint]], and functionally as a plane synovial joint.
...or rotation of the foot, clinically known as inversion and eversion of the foot<ref name=":0">Krähenbühl N, Horn-Lang T, Hintermann B, Knupp M. [https://
6 KB (897 words) - 12:11, 23 September 2022
...be beneficial to rule in or rule out pathology after trauma to the foot or ankle, or when an injury is not responding to conservative management.
...Rays|radiographs]], [[Ultrasound Scans|ultrasound]], [[CT Scans|CT-scans]] and [[MRI Scans|MRI scans]].
12 KB (1,858 words) - 09:29, 25 March 2024
[[File:Peroneus brevis.jpg|thumb|The Peroneus brevis muscle origin and insertion. ]]
...www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535427/ Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Foot Peroneus Brevis Muscle]. InStatPearls [Internet] 2019 May 19. StatPearls Pu
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'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Jill Nicole Hickey|Jill Nicole Hickey]] and [[User:Kimberly Humphries|Kimberly Humphries]]
...uries]]. This screening tool was developed because of the need for a rapid and accurate way to avoid unnecessary imaging.
9 KB (1,349 words) - 05:43, 21 December 2023
...March. 1998 Mar.</ref> and straining or rupture of the muscles around the ankle (e.g. [[Calf Strain|calf]], [[Peroneal Tendinopathy|peroneii]], [[Tibialis
...lar ligament, which is a cordlike structure directed somewhat posteriorly; and the posterior talofibular ligament, which runs posteriorly from the fibula
11 KB (1,655 words) - 10:33, 10 December 2022
...name="pala">Palastanga N, Soames R. Anatomy and Human Movement: Structure and Function. 6th ed. London, United Kingdom: Churchill Livingstone; 2012.</ref
As the tendon enters into the sole of the foot it lies superficial to the spring ligament passing forward deep to the tend
8 KB (1,108 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...em/6h93r9j0 The peroneus longus muscle and tendon: a review of its anatomy and pathology.] Skeletal radiology. 2019 Sep;48(9):1329-44.</ref>
* Head and proximal two-thirds of the lateral surface of [[fibula]]
7 KB (927 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
...ndex.php5?title=Calcaneal_fracture fractures of the calcaneus], [[cuboid]] and [[navicular]] bone.
...] proximally, and the [[navicular]] and [[cuboid]] bone distally. When the foot skeleton is viewed from above, the joint line of the transverse tarsal arti
10 KB (1,506 words) - 04:38, 21 April 2022
...through the disruption of 2 separate bony articulations: the talonavicular and talocalcaneal joints.<ref>Horning J, DiPreta J. Subtalar dislocation. Ortho
...PMC4390901/ Subtalar dislocation without associated fractures: Case report and review of literature.] World Journal of Orthopedics. 2015 Apr 18;6(3):374.<
11 KB (1,631 words) - 12:10, 23 September 2022
...ial plateau, the tibial tuberosity, the soleal line, the medial malleolus, and the fibular notch.
...e two condyles form a flat, broad surface for articulation with the medial and lateral condyles of the femur.<ref name="Neumann Knee">Neumann DA, Knee. In
7 KB (1,054 words) - 11:28, 28 February 2022
...habilitation-in-conflicts-and-disasters/ Early Rehabilitation in Conflicts and Disasters.] London, UK: Handicap International. 2020. p86-87</ref>
...habilitation-in-conflicts-and-disasters/ Early Rehabilitation in Conflicts and Disasters].
4 KB (596 words) - 10:46, 1 June 2022
...SW, Joyner PW, Almekinders LC, Parekh SG. Stress fractures of the foot and ankle in athletes. Sports Health. 2014 Nov;6(6):481-91. doi: 10.1177/194173811348
...at could lead to these fractures; [[tension]], [[compression]], [[shear]], and [https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/torsion#:~:text=(in%20strength
10 KB (1,554 words) - 18:34, 16 July 2021
...Doctor of Physical Therapy Program at Texas State University -San Marcos, and is part of the Orthopaedic curriculum. This project is a component of
...This project will also consist of an oral group presentation of your page and topic, as well as the off-line submission of a one page critical analysis o
5 KB (748 words) - 13:01, 1 March 2022
...ref><ref name="p3">RobRoy L. Martin. Evidence of Validity for the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). 2005</ref>.
...the FADI. Four ‘pain-related’ items of the Foot and Ankle Disability Index and the ability of an individual to sleep are deleted. The Sports subscale of t
11 KB (1,628 words) - 23:14, 29 August 2019
....be/en/study/physiotherapy Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium], and is part of the Musculoskeletal curriculum.
PT students are asked to review literature and apply the Delphi quality evaluation procedure to (at least) two RCT's evalu
11 KB (1,341 words) - 18:21, 7 December 2023
...and metatarsal bones and are supported by the ligaments and tendons in the foot.
...w.youtube.com/watch?v=j59yk3tdQdM|width}}<ref>Brian Abelsome Arches of the foot Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j59yk3tdQdM (last accessed
8 KB (1,227 words) - 16:16, 14 July 2022
...lassifications In brief: salter-harris classification of pediatric physeal fractures].</ref><ref name=":3" />.
...ucture.png|thumb|Structure of a long bone including diaphysis, metaphysis, and epiphysis.|center]]
9 KB (1,281 words) - 21:08, 16 June 2020
...pincott Williams and Wilkins; 2018.</ref>. Sesamoids ossify during puberty and delayed ossification can indicate delayed onset of puberty.
* Hallux sesamoids - medial/[[tibia]] and lateral/fibular in the [[Flexor Hallucis Brevis|flexor hallucis brevis]] te
3 KB (359 words) - 15:40, 3 July 2023
...st bone of the foot<ref name=":2">Palastanga N, Field D, Soames R. Anatomy and human movement. 4th edition. Oxford. Butterworth-Heinemann; 2002. p242.</re
...RR. [https://www.statpearls.com/kb/viewarticle/18764 Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, calacaneous.] InStatPearls [Internet] 2018 Dec 6. StatPearls Pu
7 KB (1,031 words) - 11:05, 15 July 2022
...[Joint Classification|joint]] between two bones and connected by ligaments and a strong membrane<ref name="Hermans">Hermans JJ, Beumer A, De Jong TA, Klei
..., biomechanics, mechanism of injury, and clinical guidelines for diagnosis and intervention. Journal of Orthopaedic&Sports Physical Therapy. 2006 Jun;
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The most common complaint in the foot and ankle region is [[Plantar Heel Pain|heel pain]]. The most of these problems, howe
...ior to the medial calcaneal tuberosity (or spur) and between the quadratus and the underlying flexor brevis until it reaches its distal target of the abdu
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* Lateral aspect of the foot, heel, and ankle.
It is formed by terminal branches of the tibial and common peroneal nerves that join together in the superficial aspect of the
4 KB (591 words) - 14:01, 30 April 2024
...n the back of your lower leg.<ref>Gastrocnemius Muscle: Anatomy, Function, and Conditions (verywellhealth.com)[https://www.verywellhealth.com/gastrocnemiu
The two heads are located from the medial and lateral condyles of the [[femur]].
9 KB (1,412 words) - 02:47, 29 March 2022
...1-x Compartment syndrome of the lower leg and foot.] Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 2010;468(4):940-50. </ref> or it can be due to intense or
...are actually 9 compartments, however, it is more practical to think of the foot in 4 compartments.<ref name="BRON 2">Ortho Info. Compartment syndrome. Avai
14 KB (1,957 words) - 17:16, 6 April 2020
...ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3977148/ Northeastern Ohio Trauma Study III: incidence of fractures.] Ann Emerg Med. 1985 Mar;14(3):244-8.</ref> The proximal phalanx is the mo
...;68(12):2413-8. </ref> axial forces e.g. stubbing a toe, falls, and sports and recreational activity. A sudden abduction force applied to the digit agains
13 KB (1,977 words) - 16:06, 5 September 2023
...b;43(1):44-50.</ref> Several clinical tests can be used to assess FAI and the respective ligament involved in the acute [https://www.physio-pedia.com
'''Ligaments of the ankle'''
8 KB (1,224 words) - 10:30, 21 June 2021
...Disturbances|gait]] and [[Balance Training|balance retraining]] and reach and grasp strategies.
...specific impairments impacting on their function (thinking of head-to-toe and [[Gait|gait analysis]]).
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== What is Charcot Foot? ==
...linelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1464-5491.2000.00233.x The charcot foot. Diabetic Medicine]. 2000 Apr;17(4):253-8.</ref>
14 KB (1,985 words) - 13:31, 2 December 2021
...ed, compensation can occur further up the kinetic chain, resulting in pain and injury.
== The “Ideal” Anatomy for a Ballet Foot ==
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...portion of the body weight, with estimates ranging from 5-17%, hence these fractures, while significant, are not as severe as those in bones bearing a greater p
...equired in many sports. Disruption of the syndesmosis (syndesmotic or high ankle sprain) contributes to instability of the tibiotalar joint.<ref name=":0" /
15 KB (2,120 words) - 13:56, 11 January 2024
...n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deltoid_ligament#/media/File:Gray354.png|thumb|Medial Ankle Ligament]]
...Jan–. PMID: 31424742.</ref> .It is attached above to the apex and anterior and posterior borders of the medial malleolus. The plantar calcaneonavicular li
13 KB (1,956 words) - 19:41, 9 October 2020
...lammation to a complete tibialis posterior tendon rupture. Early diagnosis and surgical repair will restore full normal function. <ref name="William M. Ge
...ssed because the symptoms of this injury resemble the symptoms of a normal ankle sprain. Some physicians may feel that posterior tibial tendon rupture is a
7 KB (1,058 words) - 17:52, 21 September 2020
...erstanding of foot and ankle anatomy is necessary for the proper diagnosis and treatment of injuries.
...the foot consists of the hindfoot, midfoot and forefoot. Each part of the foot is composed of several bones.
20 KB (2,870 words) - 09:19, 23 November 2022
...Without prompt treatment, acute compartment syndrome can lead to ischemia and eventually, necrosis.<ref name=":2">Torlincasi AM, Lopez RA, Waseem M. [htt
...syndrome is seen include the forearm, thigh, buttock, shoulder, hand, and foot.<ref name=":2" />
10 KB (1,413 words) - 11:45, 3 August 2022
...i/S0972978X22001568 Current concepts in the surgical management of chronic ankle lateral ligament instability]. J Orthop. 2022 Jul 19;33:87-94. </ref>...
...ce of the star excursion balance test in subjects with and without chronic ankle instability. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0201479.</ref>
10 KB (1,403 words) - 10:35, 30 November 2023
...ions for the future.] Bone. 2002 Sep 1;31(3):430-3.</ref> Fractures of the foot are less common.<br>
=== Fractures of the ankle ===
25 KB (3,614 words) - 17:24, 27 June 2023
...o one sprain per 10 000 people daily<ref>The gender issue: epidemiology of ankle injuries in athletes who participate in basketball.
...h ankle sprains: a prospective examination of an athletic population. Foot Ankle Int. 1998;19:653–660.</ref>.
15 KB (2,208 words) - 21:34, 9 January 2024
...habilitation-in-conflicts-and-disasters/ Early Rehabilitation in Conflicts and Disasters.] London, UK: Handicap International. 2020. p107-109
...habilitation-in-conflicts-and-disasters/ Early Rehabilitation in Conflicts and Disasters].
10 KB (1,487 words) - 18:46, 23 November 2022
...the
foot and ankle assessment. The purpose of using special investigations
and tests is to confirm the clinical diagnosis. <blockquote>"We can't treat the
An [[X-Rays|X-ray]] can help to investigate bone
and soft tissue:
20 KB (3,014 words) - 15:38, 22 October 2023
[[File: Anatomy ankle and foot 2.jpg|right|frameless]]
...]] [[bone]]<nowiki/>s. Together, the three borders (listed below) form the ankle mortise.
22 KB (2,881 words) - 21:34, 19 November 2023
...ls/eor/6/8/2058-5241.6.200138.xml Current management of trimalleolar ankle fractures.] EFORT Open Reviews. 2021 Aug 10;6(8):692-703.</ref>
=== Ankle Joint ===
23 KB (3,174 words) - 09:59, 18 August 2022
These bones display high degree of variability in size, location, penetrance and anatomical connection to the main skeleton across vertebrate species.
...is a chronic injury, caused by frequent pressure and results in irritation and painful inflammation of the surrounding tissues.
9 KB (1,317 words) - 09:52, 14 August 2018
...and soleus. In the leg, it is accompanied by the posterior tibial vessels and lies in the tarsal tunnel.<ref>Banik Sr S, Guria LR, Banik S, Guria Sr LR.
...aps/tibial-nerve#1 (last accessed 17/03/2019).</ref> It also has articular and cutaneous branches.<ref name=":2">Wikipedia. The tibial nerve[https://en.wi
11 KB (1,629 words) - 09:58, 14 January 2024
...2_Splints_and_Casts_Indications_and_Methods Splints and casts: indications and methods]. American family physician. 2009 Sep 1;80(5):491-9.</ref>
...Woodcast splints for immobilization of the limb during serial manipulation and casting for idiopathic clubfoot in infants: a prospective randomized trial]
9 KB (1,178 words) - 18:38, 10 November 2022
...Hackett TR. [https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/48/1/11.short Injuries in elite and recreational snowboarders.] British journal of sports medicine. 2014 Jan 1;
...the Lateral Process of the Talus]. Fractures and Dislocations of the Talus and Calcaneus. 2020:97-106.</ref>
20 KB (3,080 words) - 12:11, 23 September 2022
...nd swelling may be present. These symptoms place the ability to walk, work and perform sports at risk.<br>
...artilage), or cystic. Lesions can then be subdivided as stable or unstable and non-displaced or displaced. The stability of a lesion can be assessed direc
11 KB (1,705 words) - 21:36, 4 August 2022
...f the structures, functional anatomy, and etiologic factors in syndesmosis ankle injuries is needed to treat this injury effectively.
...e discusses the assessment and interventions for grade 1 and 2 syndesmotic ankle sprain.
16 KB (2,350 words) - 21:03, 28 October 2023
...ell, D, Gait Deviation Associated with Pain Syndromes in the Lower Leg and Foot. Gait Analysis. Plus. 2022</ref>
...review [[Gait Deviations|this article]]. To review common gait terminology and definitions, please see [[Gait Definitions|this article]].
17 KB (2,602 words) - 05:57, 30 January 2023
...larly as it relates to the second tarsometatarsal (tarsometa-tarsal) joint and the Lisfranc [[ligament]]. <ref name="Wynter S, & Grigg C.">Wynter S, Grigg
...sed as a sprain, particularly if the mechanism of injury is a simple twist and fall.
18 KB (2,603 words) - 21:17, 31 August 2023
...an irritation to one or both peroneal tendons with subsequent degeneration and inflammation.
...of the Calcaneus. In: Saxena, A. (eds) International Advances in Foot and Ankle Surgery, London:Springer. 2012. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8572
17 KB (2,530 words) - 17:04, 23 October 2023
...brage">Schimizzi, A; Brage, M (September 2004). "Brachymetatarsia". ''Foot Ankle Clin'' '''9''' (3): 555–70, doi:10.1016/j.fcl.2004.05.002. PMID 15324790.
...atarsal length. It can affect any of the five metatarsal bones of the foot and it could be bilateral. Brachymetatarsia of the first metatarsal is also kno
13 KB (1,923 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...habilitation-in-conflicts-and-disasters/ Early Rehabilitation in Conflicts and Disasters.] London, UK: Handicap International. 2020. p166-167
...habilitation-in-conflicts-and-disasters/ Early Rehabilitation in Conflicts and Disasters].
8 KB (1,176 words) - 10:46, 1 June 2022
...User:Hannah Duncan|Hannah Duncan]], [[User:Hilary Zachary|Hilary Zachary]] and [[User:James Passmore|James Passmore]] as part of the [[Texas State Univers
...as a Maissonneuve fracture. <ref name="Clanton">5. Clanton T. Syndesmotic ankle sprains in athletes. International SportMed Journal. 2003;4 (4):1-10.
6</
16 KB (2,378 words) - 20:09, 15 July 2022
...d between the toes and the ankle (between the tarsal bones in the hindfoot and the phalanges in the forefoot).
...system with fibers between C2 and M2, just as crossed fibers between C3-M2 and C2-M3<ref name=":0" />.''<u><br></u>''
26 KB (3,860 words) - 22:31, 15 March 2024
.... As well as this, most of a dancer's artistic expression comes from their foot.<ref name=":11" />
...low cardiovascular conditioning, joint hypermobility, postural deviations, and alterations in the body’s center of balance.<ref name=":0">Cardoso AA, Re
19 KB (2,472 words) - 18:25, 9 January 2024
...liability of navicular displacement measurement as a clinical indicator of foot posture.] J Am Podiat Med Assn 2001;91:262-8.</ref>
...tion of the navicular on an index card placed along the inside of the foot and then measure the change with a ruler.
13 KB (1,851 words) - 18:09, 30 September 2022
== Positioning and Splinting ==
...he best functional outcomes of his rehabilitation. Therefore, positioning and splinting should:
6 KB (924 words) - 13:26, 17 August 2023
...ong-term consequences. <ref name=":4" /> This article reviews conservative and surgical treatment principles in Lisfranc injuries.
== Definition and Epidemiology ==
19 KB (2,676 words) - 19:21, 22 October 2023
...ities. The nature and rate of the adaptations can be modified by intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of the individual, for example, sex, anthropometr
...0px|Note the interconnected nature of the leg, ankle, and foot musculature and structures.]]
17 KB (2,411 words) - 18:56, 28 January 2023
...17-130 (level: A1)</ref><ref name="Helgeson et al">Helgeson K. Examination and Intervention for Sinus Tarsi Syndrome. North American Journal of Sports Phy
...the subtalar joint due to ligamentous injuries that results in a synovitis and infiltration of fibrotic tissue into the sinus tarsi space.<ref name="Helge
20 KB (3,019 words) - 20:21, 15 July 2022
...too much weight and stress on the ball and heel of the foot while standing and/or walking.
...ed Foot)https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/cavus-foot-(high-arched-foot) (accessed 2017).</ref>]]
18 KB (2,634 words) - 16:41, 23 October 2023
...to heal and is subjected to further loading, the microdamage will increase and the crack will enlarge. This increase in damage can cause the bone to break
...arisons Between Women With a History of Second Metatarsal Stress Fractures and Normal Controls. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2009;37(2):390-39
21 KB (3,193 words) - 14:14, 1 June 2020
Distal femoral [[Fracture|fractures]] involve the femoral condyles and the metaphyseal region, commonly caused by high energy trauma such as motor
...equire surgical intervention.<ref name=":5">Coon MS, Best BJ. Distal Femur Fractures. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Aug 9. StatPearls Publishing.Available:https:
11 KB (1,469 words) - 08:40, 11 December 2022
...vis D, Newton EJ. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430861/ Calcaneus Fractures.]</ref> <br>
...eus is essential in determining the patterns of injury and treatment goals and options.
23 KB (3,194 words) - 16:50, 11 April 2022
Femoral [[Stress Fractures|stress fractures]] occur in two different regions namely:
...ble;https://www.orthobullets.com/knee-and-sports/3111/femoral-shaft-stress-fractures (accessed 12.12.2022)</ref>
12 KB (1,695 words) - 14:18, 7 May 2024
...ck (lumbar spine) or heel (calcaneum), One peak is absorbed by soft tissue and the other by bone. When the soft tissue absorption amount is subtracted fro
..., it can be used to measure total body fat. The test is noninvasive, fast, and more accurate than a regular X-ray. It involves an extremely low level of r
5 KB (776 words) - 09:46, 6 August 2022
...[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6784640/ Forefoot disorders and conservative treatment.] Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine. 2019 May;
....com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/foot-and-ankle-disorders/metatarsophalangeal-joint-pain (last accessed 25.6.2020)</ref>
18 KB (2,521 words) - 23:33, 13 August 2023
...ankle joint and its osseous, soft tissue, neural and vascular components, and explore how they relate to function.
...n three planes. Example: supination involves inversion, internal rotation, and plantarflexion.
28 KB (4,166 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
[[File:Three-types-of-cartilage-hyaline-elastic-and-fibrocartilage.png|thumb|392x392px|The 3 types of cartilage]]
...name=":3" /> Each type of cartilaginous tissue has a different composition and function:
16 KB (2,239 words) - 22:47, 25 January 2023
==== 1. Ankle Foot Orthoses<ref>[[Introduction to Ankle Foot Orthoses]]</ref> ====
...t but strong. It should be easy to use. Most importantly it should provide and increase functional independence.
21 KB (3,037 words) - 12:18, 31 January 2023
...ith a view to identifying possible aetiological factors relating to injury and prescribing therapeutic interventions.
...on of the foot, is used to infer characteristics of dynamic foot function, and theoretically establish injury mechanisms leading to pathology.
22 KB (3,374 words) - 21:20, 24 January 2023
...r reduce skin and functional changes. It highlights the need for education and remediation regarding footwear advice in older adults.
The following are risk factors for foot problems in older adults:
21 KB (3,058 words) - 11:44, 20 November 2023
...is carried out on individuals as a preventative surgery for such problems and other people are born with amputations due to congenital disorders (see&nbs
...ion Surgery]. Chapter 3 - Atlas of Limb Prosthetics: Surgical, Prosthetic, and Rehabilitation Principles. 2002</ref>.
20 KB (2,910 words) - 16:18, 21 July 2023
...on underneath the deep transverse metatarsal ligament leading to epineural and perineural fibrous overgrowth<ref name="Sault">Sault JD, Morris MV, Jayasee
...ntar nerve of the second and third intermetatarsal spaces (between 2nd−3rd and 3rd−4th metatarsal heads), which results in the entrapment of the affecte
18 KB (2,520 words) - 20:53, 15 July 2022
...me="yeung">Yeung MS, Chan KM, So CH, Yuan WY. An epidemiological survey on ankle sprain. Br J Sports Med 1994 Jun;28(2):112-116.</ref>
...Holmes A, Delahunt E. Treatment of common deficits associated with chronic ankle instability. Sports Med 2009;39(3):207-224.</ref> <br>
22 KB (3,223 words) - 11:17, 22 December 2022
...e Proportion of Lower Limb Running Injuries by Gender, Anatomical Location and Specific Pathology: A Systematic Review. ''J Sports Sci Med''. 2019;18(1):
...ures of the [[Metatarsal Fractures|metatarsals]] and [[Leg and Foot Stress Fractures|tibia]]
15 KB (2,336 words) - 16:44, 20 November 2022
...(Knee pain can be referred from the hip or biomechanically affected by the ankle)
...er may be going on. If you suspect that the problem is not musculoskeletal and/or something sinister may be going on patients should be referred immediate
12 KB (1,651 words) - 11:13, 16 November 2023
...chanisms such as motor vehicle collisions with sequelae of limb shortening and deformities if not treated correctly.
Femoral shaft fractures can be classified with the Winquist and Hansen classification, which is based on the amount of comminution.<ref nam
11 KB (1,651 words) - 02:48, 11 December 2022
...the general public. While the benefits of physical activity are well known and shared with patients, the unwanted side effects or unintended consequences
...o and nocebo phenomena can impact the physiological, behavioral affective, and cognitive functioning of healthy individuals, too."
13 KB (1,878 words) - 05:09, 31 October 2023
...lar joint]]. In both joints, osteoarthritis can be diagnosed in the medial and lateral compartments.
...es, [[Chronic Ankle Instability|chronic ankle instability]], malalignment, and certain medical conditions, such as [[haemophilia]].
26 KB (3,724 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...(lesser toe) injuries.<ref name=":0">Gyftopoulos S, Woertler K. Ankle and foot. Musculoskeletal Diseases 2021-2024. 2021:107-20.</ref>
...lesser toes'' are a single dominant fibrocartilaginous capsular thickening and extend from the metatarsal head to the proximal phalanx base at each joint.
17 KB (2,339 words) - 23:21, 12 February 2023
...social participation. A programme of education, stretching, strengthening and mobilisation was undertaken as well as referrals to other members of the MD
...his initial inpatient stay he had been transferred to a Community hospital and then discharged home with community therapy input. This had since ceased bu
10 KB (1,499 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...l Proportion of Lower Limb Running Injuries by Gender, Anatomical Location and Specific Pathology: A Systematic Review]. ©Journal Sport Sci Med [Internet
...in recreational runners: A cross-sectional survey including mental aspects and sleep quality]. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2021 Jun;20(2):204.</
15 KB (2,295 words) - 10:10, 15 December 2023
...netic resonance imaging of the lower extremity. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy. 2011;41(11):873-86. Available at: http://www.ncbi.
...nalski CS, White LM. MRI of articular cartilage: revisiting current status and future directions. AJR. American journal of roentgenology. 2005;185(4):899-
14 KB (1,994 words) - 20:50, 2 January 2024
...one of the most frequent fractures presenting to the emergency department and orthopedic trauma teams.
# The terms hip fracture and femoral neck fracture both relate to the same type of injury.
17 KB (2,427 words) - 08:32, 14 December 2022
'''Education''' regarding weight reduction and exercise;
...of appropriate simple orthoses, aids and appliances to alleviate distress and disability;
10 KB (1,348 words) - 20:04, 21 October 2022
...ey have been assessed and treated by other clinicians with limited success and that their symptoms are still present.<ref name=":1">Clinicalsportsmedicine
* Non-healing fractures<ref name=":0" />
7 KB (908 words) - 14:39, 31 May 2020
...l KS .,‘Plantar fasciitis and the calcaneal spur: Fact or fiction?’., Foot Ankle Surg.,18 March 2012 (level of evidence 3B)</ref>
[[Image:Intrinsic foot muscles.png|thumb|right|400x200px|Intrinsic foot muscles]]
29 KB (4,186 words) - 05:44, 30 March 2022
...[Integumentary System|skin.]] Before treatment, the exact cause, location, and type of wound must be assessed to provide appropriate treatment.<ref name="
...is a complex physiological process occurring after an injury in the cells and tissues of our bodies to restore function of the tissue.
12 KB (1,732 words) - 11:45, 3 August 2022
...name=":10" /> Clinical symptoms that can help with diagnosis include pain and abnormal forefoot sensation. Conservative treatment, including lifestyle ad
[[File:Foot Inneravtion.gif|thumb|Foot innervation]]
21 KB (3,008 words) - 18:25, 9 January 2024
...from: <nowiki>https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/sprained-ankle/</nowiki> (accessed 22/12/2022)</ref>.
...Hong Y, Chan LK, Yung PS, Chan KM. A systematic review on ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports. Sports medicine. 2007 Jan;37(1):73-94.</ref>
38 KB (5,486 words) - 21:35, 9 January 2024
...copic treatment of anterolateral impingement of the ankle. Journal of Foot Ankle Surgery [serial online]. May 2010;49(3):219-223. Available from: CINAHL Plu
[[Image:493x335 ankle.jpg|center|500px]]
37 KB (5,268 words) - 10:23, 19 July 2022
...en describing biomechanics.<ref name="Brukner and Khan">Brukner P. Brukner and Khan's Clinical Sports Medicine. North Ryde: McGraw-Hill; 2012.</ref>
...of Biomechanics">Knudson D. Fundamentals of Biomechanics. Springer Science and Business Media; 2007 May 28.</ref> The following are some of the areas wher
25 KB (3,844 words) - 17:43, 2 October 2023
...ghtweight foams and thermoplastics are used, which facilitates new designs and more comfort for the user.
...signed and appropriate orthotic device which is comfortable and functional and meets the user's needs.<ref name=":0" /> Unlike other orthotic devices, man
18 KB (2,546 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...nstable. As a result, the talus tilts and other ligaments can be ruptured. Ankle instability or arthritis can be the result of diastasis [8] [9].
...alleolus lateralis [1].The purpose of these ligaments is to hold the tibia and the fibula together when the joint is loaded [3]. <br>
24 KB (3,742 words) - 01:39, 31 August 2019
...ed Disorders: Clinical Resource Guide]. South Australian Centre for Trauma and Injury Recovery (2008).
...nes Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health]. Blanpied PR, Gross AR, Elliott JM, Devaney LL, Clewley D, Walton D
15 KB (2,156 words) - 14:54, 5 November 2023
...ility and function and flexor hallucis longus tendon morphology in dancers and non-dancers]. Medical problems of performing artists. 2015 Sep 1;30(3):152-
...dancers&f=false Foot and Ankle Injuries in Dancers]. Baxter's The Foot and Ankle in Sport. 2020 Jan 25:436.</ref>
31 KB (4,783 words) - 18:36, 16 July 2021
...Elia C, Saini HS, Miulli DE. A review of lumbar radiculopathy, diagnosis, and treatment. ''Cureus'', 2019;''11''(10):e5934.</ref> Patients may or may not
...hysical therapy on pain, range of motion, endurance, functional disability and quality of life versus routine physical therapy alone in patients with lumb
16 KB (2,431 words) - 01:38, 27 February 2024
...:1">Howell, D, Gait Deviation Associated with Pain Syndromes in the Pelvis and Knee. Gait Analysis. Plus. 2022</ref>
...eview [[Gait Deviations|this article]]. To review common gait terminology and definitions, please see [[Gait Definitions|this article]].
18 KB (2,549 words) - 03:11, 30 October 2023
...fication|joints]] in the body (Histologically) are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.
...small and oval-shaped, or a [[Meniscal Lesions|meniscus]], which is larger and C-shaped.<ref name=":0">Juneja P, Hubbard JB. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
12 KB (1,780 words) - 14:16, 16 March 2022
...ity, and validity of the measuring methods, the effect of LLD on function, and its role in various neuromusculoskeletal conditions<ref name=":0" />.<br>
...7(5):66-75. Available from: https://www.podiatrytoday.com/keys-recognizing-and-treating-limb-length-discrepancy Last accessed 12.11.2019)</ref>
23 KB (3,402 words) - 08:13, 28 December 2023
[[File:Tibia - frontal view.png|thumb|Pain generally in the inner and lower 2/3rds of tibia.|alt=|240x240px]]
...n early stress injury in the continuum of tibial [[Stress Fractures|stress fractures]].<ref name=":9">McClure CJ, Oh R. Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome. 2019 Avai
16 KB (2,212 words) - 18:25, 9 January 2024
[[File:Runner surface and shoes.jpg|right|frameless]]
...>, thus most commonly occur in competitive cross-country runners and track-and-field athletes. <ref name=":0">Roche M, Fredericson M, Kraus E. Bone Stress
15 KB (2,262 words) - 13:55, 13 July 2023
...in severity from relatively benign injuries to life-threatening, unstable fractures.
...https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7ZpRkGK4F4|width}}<ref>Lee Health. Pelvic fractures. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7ZpRkGK4F4 (last accessed
26 KB (3,813 words) - 23:30, 3 December 2022
...al considerations for multiple limb amputation]. Current physical medicine and rehabilitation reports. 2014 Dec;2(4):273-89..
...l 1;26:620-2.</ref>. 37% of the patients with peripheral vascular disease and 60% of those with infection also had a diagnosis of diabetes<ref name=":4"
30 KB (4,517 words) - 10:23, 19 November 2022
...nd have [[Immunocompromised Client|immunosuppressive]], anti-inflammatory, and vasoconstrictive effects.<ref name=":0">Hodgens A, Sharman T. [https://www.
...arry a risk of various side effects.<ref>Mayo clinic Available: Prednisone and other corticosteroids<nowiki/>https://www.mayoclinic.org/steroids/art-20045
9 KB (1,095 words) - 06:30, 29 September 2022
...rmal [[Biomechanics of Foot and Ankle|biomechanics]] of the [[Foot Anatomy|foot]].
* The fascia itself is important in providing support for the arch and providing shock absorption.
29 KB (4,085 words) - 15:36, 31 March 2024
...="p4">Suksathien R., A new static progressive splint for treatment of knee and elbow flexion contractures, 2010; 93 (7): 799-804 (C)</ref> In most cases,
* Straight line between femoral cortex and tibial cortex (see the image below)
19 KB (2,697 words) - 00:47, 9 December 2023
...d conflicts, patients present with multiple injuries, and open and complex fractures are common, which can complicate your rehabilitation plan.
...maintain close contact with the medical team in order to assess those with fractures prior to discharge.<ref name=":3" />
30 KB (4,278 words) - 23:43, 25 January 2023
...chain in overhand pitching: its potential role for performance enhancement and injury prevention.] Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 2010 Mar 1
* deceleration and
22 KB (3,353 words) - 14:57, 10 January 2022
== What is an Ankle Arthroplasty? ==
...al and is preferred to ankle arthrodesis (fusion) as the range of movement and function an not compromised. The main objectives of the arthroplasty are to
42 KB (6,068 words) - 13:33, 11 January 2024
...sh J. Epidemiology of sports injury in pediatric athletes. Sports medicine and arthroscopy review 2011; 19(1), 2-6. http://journals.lww.com/sportsmedarthr
...13-17 year old age group tend to have more injuries of the pelvis, spine, and chest <ref name="SS" />.
21 KB (3,129 words) - 19:34, 4 July 2023
...The native hip joint (as opposed to prosthetic hip) is inherently stable and needs a huge amount of force to cause dislocation, such as in a motor vehic
...(most common ~85%). Caused by combined forces of: hip flexion, adduction, and internal rotation.
21 KB (2,919 words) - 21:03, 9 January 2024
...ltiple sports. However, there is an ongoing debate on our ability to truly and confidently prevent injuries. Ultimately, the global aim is to try to reduc
...and movement skill. By influencing these factors, the risk may be modified and, therefore, an individual's predisposition to injury may be reduced.
28 KB (4,046 words) - 09:32, 16 January 2023
...is a popular sport with the explosion in climbing gyms, bouldering venues and, bolted sports routes.
...ury patterns, treatments, and prevention is important to diagnose, manage, and counsel the rock-climbing athlete.
31 KB (4,653 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
[[Image:DVT.jpg|thumb|150px|DVT: R leg with swelling and redness]]
...NBK507708/ (last accessed 25.10.2020)</ref> For those who do develop a DVT and survive, '''post-thrombotic phlebitis''' is a lifelong sequela, which has n
16 KB (2,344 words) - 15:05, 2 February 2023
...5359760/ Lower limb stress fractures in sport: optimizing their management and outcome]. World journal of orthopedics. 2017 Mar 18;8(3):242.</ref>
...e of the trabecular which is repaired by a microcallus. In [[Bone Cortical And Cancellous|cortical bone]], the initial response to an increase in mechanic
29 KB (4,291 words) - 02:17, 13 November 2022
...ted that definitions of sports injury can be discussed in both theoretical and operational terms.<ref name="Verhagen">Verhagen E, Van Mechelen W, editors.
...llustrated+guide+to+the+management+of+injuries+in+physical+activity.+Wiley+and+Sons.2012&ots=GI98_7BR4d&sig=1sJh7uy7tiVSEG6NGnmQydeS1mA The IOC manual of
26 KB (3,778 words) - 06:56, 15 October 2023
....nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6179584/ Knee osteoarthritis: pathophysiology and current treatment modalities. Journal of pain research. 2018;11:2189.]</ref
...ing in some cases.<ref name=":2" /> There is tenderness on joint palpation and reduced joint range of motion due to stiffness.<ref name=":3" />
20 KB (2,846 words) - 03:42, 3 September 2023
...0.pdf Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I: historical perspective and critical issues]. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2015 Jan-Apr;12(Suppl 1):4-1
== History and Definition ==
22 KB (3,157 words) - 09:32, 31 January 2023
[[File:Running Man and Woman.jpg|thumb|Runners]]
...isk of injury.<ref>Walther M, Reuter I, Leonhard T, Engelhardt M. Injuries and response to overload stress in running as a sport. Der Orthopade. 2005 May
26 KB (3,968 words) - 00:27, 25 January 2023
...nwhile, other names are given to HMS, such as joint hypermobility syndrome and benign hypermobility joint syndrome. HMS is a dominant inherited connective
...rders such as Down syndrome and metabolic disorders such as homocystinuria and hyperlysinemia.<ref name="p4" /> Laboratory tests are used to exclude these
15 KB (2,074 words) - 12:38, 3 April 2024
'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Josh Williams|Josh Williams]] and [[User:John Rivera|John Rivera]]
...njuries]], [[Ankle Sprain|ankle sprains]], strains, and [[Stress Fractures|fractures]]. Of these injuries, the most common injuries discussed are injuries to th
33 KB (4,946 words) - 11:21, 21 April 2023
...agepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/107110079201300810 Achilles tendinitis]. Foot & ankle. 1992 Oct;13(8):482-7. </ref><ref name=":7" />
...egenerative changes of the affected tendon, eg the tendon fiber structure and arrangement; an increase in glycosaminoglycans (water-binding molecules th
42 KB (6,070 words) - 13:56, 29 January 2024
...with a standard set of plain radiographs, with special radiographic views and more elaborate modalities used if indicated. <ref name="Berry" />
...nalski CS, White LM. MRI of articular cartilage: revisiting current status and future directions. AJR. American journal of roentgenology. 2005;185(4):899-
12 KB (1,773 words) - 11:14, 16 November 2023
...''- [[User:Rob Sigler|Rob Sigler]], [[User:Michael Kecman|Michael Kecman]] and [[User:Daniel Alcorn|Daniel Alcorn]] as part of the [[The Jackson Clinics R
...''- [[User:Rob Sigler|Rob Sigler]], [[User:Michael Kecman|Michael Kecman]] and [[User:Daniel Alcorn|Daniel Alcorn]] as part of the [[The Jackson Clinics R
15 KB (2,244 words) - 21:58, 11 November 2022
...icles/PMC4338213/ Injuries in runners; a systematic review on risk factors and sex differences]. PloS one. 2015;10(2).</ref>. The key to developing a comp
...rs are prone to different injuries depending on their duration, intensity, and frequency.
24 KB (3,386 words) - 16:43, 16 December 2022
...e is a rare but serious injury. If this injury is not promptly recognized and early operated, it may lead to disability.<ref>Popov I, Ristić V, Maljan
...exion. A rupture of this central tendon drastically hinders knee extension and directly effects functionality. The degree that a quadriceps tendon rupture
17 KB (2,438 words) - 17:50, 27 June 2023
...rvey, A . Rehabilitation in Sudden Onset Disasters. Handicap International and UK Emergency Medical Team, 2015. p.25.</ref><ref name=":0"/>
...ion, and can often delay initial access to rehabilitation as stump closure and soft tissue coverage are compromised where the dead muscle is missed result
31 KB (4,197 words) - 23:18, 24 January 2023
...se''', the pelvis normally tilts downwards on the weight-bearing extremity and hikes up on the non-weight bearing extremity. However, in the presence of
...6th edition, ELBS, 1986. p243.</ref><ref name=":3">Castro WH. Examination and diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders: Clinical Examination - Imaging Moda
17 KB (2,493 words) - 11:51, 3 May 2024
...m/science/article/pii/S0140673602119945 Association of neural tube defects and folic acid food fortification in Canada]. The Lancet. 2002 Dec 21;360(9350)
...its are less likely than with myelomeningocele; structural brain anomalies and [[Arnold Chiari Malformation|Chiari II malformation]] are less likely.
39 KB (5,855 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
...ury being treated, which can often result in a delay in the identification and treatment of the peripheral nerve injury.
...ehabilitation-in-conflicts-and-disasters Early Rehabilitation in Conflicts and Disasters]. Handicap International: London, UK. 2020.</ref>
52 KB (7,519 words) - 11:45, 3 August 2022
== Introduction and Background Information ==
...nterior thigh and knee pain<ref name=":2">Kuchera W, Kuchera ML. Diagnosis and manipulative treatment: Thoracic region.</ref>.
27 KB (3,782 words) - 14:32, 16 August 2023
...cussed on this page. This is an invasive and advanced assessment technique and should only be performed after demonstrating competency after in-person men
...ord injury in developing countries from 2009 to 2020]: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiology. 2022 May 5;56(4):219-39.</ref>
30 KB (4,567 words) - 00:08, 31 July 2023
...e of three and five years and functional level is maintained between three and six years in these children. Symptoms are mild at first but become more sev
...s. The incidence of DMD globally is every 1/3500 male births<ref name="Yiu and Kornberg">Yiu E, Kornberg A. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Neurology India 2
46 KB (6,845 words) - 03:28, 16 May 2023
...Finlay]], [[User:Dave Murray|Dave Murray]], [[User:Lynda Bend|Lynda Bend]] and [[User:Hin Ying Chan|Hin Ying Chan]] as part of the [[Nottingham University
...e disease and more overuse and traumatic causes such as:<ref name="Micheli and Wood 1995" />
55 KB (7,921 words) - 07:07, 30 August 2023
...erging_Roles_in_Physiotherapy_Practice|Queen Margaret University's Current and Emerging Roles in Physiotherapy Practice Project]]<br>'''Top Contributors''
...ren and adolescents aged 5-19 were overweight or obese<ref name="McCormick and Stone 2007" />. More than 80% of the world's adolescent population is insuf
84 KB (12,472 words) - 20:12, 5 April 2023
...Upper Extremities, Full Body), Vertical (Healthcare, Defense, Industrial) and Region (2021-2026).Available online: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Mark
.../>. Gait improvement is both a desirable and important outcome for social and vocational reintegration <ref>Esquenazi A., Talaty M. [https://pubmed.ncbi.
23 KB (3,315 words) - 16:44, 16 December 2022
...ain and loss of function; however, the disease is clinically very variable and can present merely as an asymptomatic incidental finding to a devastating,
The 4 and a 12 minute video below gives an overview of OA. Press youtube link.{{#ev:y
22 KB (3,067 words) - 12:17, 21 September 2023
...rauma. Biomechanics of the anterior cruciate ligament: Physiology, rupture and reconstruction techniques]. World journal of orthopedics. 2016 Feb 18;7(2):
...ence/article/pii/S0949265815333947 Roles of the anterior cruciate ligament and the medial collateral ligament in preventing valgus instability]. J Orthop
84 KB (12,371 words) - 17:40, 2 October 2023
...string injuries can also occur in recreational sports such as water skiing and bull riding, where the knee is forcefully extended during injury.
* The [[semitendinosus]] and
37 KB (5,289 words) - 21:20, 9 January 2024
...ne is a degenerative meniscal tear. A meniscal cyst may present with signs and symptoms consistent with typical meniscal pathology. The [[discoid meniscus
...eoarthritis can also lead to a spontaneous meniscal tear through breakdown and weakening of the meniscal structure.
38 KB (5,763 words) - 11:04, 22 January 2024
..., [[User:Thomas Allison|Tom Allison]], [[User:Matthew Deakin|Matt Deakin]] and [[User:Anna Mansfield|Anna Mansfield]] as part of the [[Nottingham Universi
...aker L, Smith A. A detailed characterisation of pain, disability, physical and psychological features of a small group of adolescents with non-specific ch
50 KB (7,204 words) - 03:12, 31 May 2022
...encompassing many pathologies and these are common injuries in both elite and amateur athletes as well as in the general population<ref>Radiopedia [https
...nt can postpone an athlete’s return to the field with weeks or even months and increase the risk of re-injury.
30 KB (4,397 words) - 06:57, 15 October 2023
...larmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project]] and [[User:Yves Hubar|Yves Hubar]]
...nclude [[allodynia]], hyperalgesia, sudomotor and vasomotor abnormalities, and trophic changes.
47 KB (6,555 words) - 12:05, 25 September 2023
...ates Agency for International Development (USAID) funded Learning, Acting, and Building for Rehabilitation in Health Systems (ReLAB-HS) activity would lik
...-HS). The contents are the sole responsibility of Physiopedia and ReLAB-HS and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Governme
132 KB (18,546 words) - 15:34, 7 May 2024
...dius or minimus tendons<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> and external coxa saltans<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":29" />.
...with GPTS are the [[Gluteus Minimus|gluteus minimus]], subgluteus medius, and the subgluteus maximus.
52 KB (7,549 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
