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[[File:Clinicians in Intensive Care Unit.jpg|right|frameless]] ...n syndrome] Available:https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/multiple-organ-dysfunction-syndrome (accessed 1.1.2023)</ref> MODS results from of a

...r to operate, and the respiratory system needs instructions from the brain in order to operate. ...respiratory failure]<ref>Hough A. Physiotherapy in respiratory and cardiac care: an evidence-based approach. 4th edition. Andover: Cengage Learning, 2014.

...ov/books/NBK430795/#_NBK430795_pubdet_ Burn Resuscitation And Management]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 ...e injury<ref name=":0" />. It may extend up to 2 to 3 days and last longer in the elderly population<ref name=":4" />.

...ntilation, delirium, and the development of disabilities.<ref name=":0" /> In addition to the physical effects, prolonged hospitalisation can have a sign ...itation service for multi-trauma patients: a non-randomized clinical trial in the Netherlands]. PLoS One. 2017 Jan 11;12(1):e0170047. </ref>

...022)</ref>. The SOFA score is used in diverse settings, including medical, trauma, surgical, cardiac, and neurological ICUs. ...ntrolled trials: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.] ''Crit Care'' 21, 38 (2017). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-017-1609-1</nowiki>

.../Alzheimer's, oncology and palliative care, pain management, autism, ADHD, trauma and patients with physical, communication or cognitive disabilities, etc. ...051366 ffects of Dog-Assisted therapies on cognitive mnemonic capabilities in people affected by Alzheimer’s Disease]. Animals [Internet]. 2021 May 11;

...ive care medicine is 60 years old: the history and future of the intensive care unit.] Clinical medicine. 2014 Aug;14(4):376. </ref> ...tiary care, with the majority of these services delivered in the secondary-care setting.<ref name=":2" />

...//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2967778/ A framework for assessment in oncology rehabilitation]. Physical Therapy. 2009 Mar 1;89(3):286-306.</ref> ...so categorised the measurement tools areas under the ICF domains, as shown in the following table.

[[File:Respiratory failure.jpg|right|frameless|632x632px]] ...atory]] system fails to maintain its main function, which is gas exchange, in which PaO2 is lower than 60 mmHg and/or PaCO2 higher than 50 mmHg.

...taying in receiving countries due to poor living conditions or adjustments in their lifestyle.<ref name=":2">WHO [https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-s ...t A. An explorative outcome study of CBT-based multidisciplinary treatment in a diverse group of refugees from a Danish treatment centre for rehabilitati

...dual patient data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials]. Critical Care. 2021 Dec;25(1):1-1.</ref> ..., and sinusitis.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Pingleton SK. Complications of acute respiratory failure. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 137(6): 1463-93.</ref>

[[File:Clinicians in Intensive Care Unit.jpg|thumb|Clinicians in Intensive Care Unit]] ...9 Oct 12. Available:https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9781455728961/acute-care-handbook-for-physical-therapists (accessed 26.12.2022)</ref>

...ology of sweat gland function: The roles of sweating and sweat composition in human health. Temperature. 2019:6(3):211-259.</ref> ...ould lead to lower reabsorption rates of Na⁺ and Cl^- in the sweat ducts. <ref name=":1" />

...thoracic compression fracture<ref name=":0">Basu S (2012) Spinal injuries in children. Front. Neur. 3:96. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00096</ref>. ...lenges because of the dynamic nature of cognitive and physical development in the growing child and the impact of the SCI on this complex process<ref nam

...ally be resolved. Childhood trauma also includes when children are victims in accidents, community violence, or traumatic medical and surgical procedures Complex trauma is "the experience of multiple, chronic and prolonged, developmentally adverse traumatic events, most ofte

...siology of systemic complications and current management.] Journal of Burn Care & Research. 2017 Jan 1;38(1):e469-81.</ref> ...term morbidity. The best way to minimize complications is to manage burns in a dedicated burns center with immediate full multi-disciplinary involvement

...tic review of necrotising fasciitis in children from its first description in 1930 to 2018. BMC infectious diseases. 2019 Dec;19(1):317.</ref> At first ...cedirect.com/science/article/pii/S073567570700304X Predictors of mortality in patients with necrotizing fasciitis.] American Journal of Emergency Medicin

...jury, [[Surgery and General Anaesthetic|surgery,]] any disease or decrease in mobility due to age factor. # Enhancing [[Quality of Life|quality of life]] in view of residual disability.

...nd inability to reduce the potential negative consequences of risk results in disaster <ref name="p2">International Federation of Red Cross and Red Cresc ...ave marked human existence throughout history and have always caused peaks in mortality and morbidity.

...pandemic as well as similar historical situations (e.g. the SARS outbreak in 2003). ...llenge because mental health professionals may be considered non-essential in that context and therefore unauthorized to enter those wards. The front lin

...they can also be related to inadequate access to health care and follow-up in emergency situations. Being able to recognise and mitigate for these risks ...include [[Diabetes Mellitus Type 2|diabetes]] , older age and smoking, but in disaster and conflict settings, the following types of injuries and conditi

...lmer, D. Skin Anatomy, Physiology, and Healing Course. Physiotherapy Wound Care Programme. Plus, 2022.</ref> ...mary of the main features of each layer. These layers are also illustrated in Figure 1.

...brain and also to the influence of central nervous system dysfunction and trauma on other organs and system. Several complications can occur immediately or ...of symptoms and neuropsychiatric factors which are often aggravated by the trauma.

...of medical conditions.<ref name=":0" /> If a congenital contracture forms in just one area, it is not considered AMC. Instead it is referred to as an is ...ref name=":0" /> It affects males and females almost equally and it occurs in Asian, African and European populations.<ref name="Hall">Hall JG. Arthrogry

...ial workers etc. Family members and support groups should also be involved in the recovery process of these patients. ...hat post-burn rehabilitation entails to both patients and their caregivers in order to carry them along and to encourage cooperation. Generally, the aims

...assessment of a patient is highly valuable to rehabilitation professionals in an emergency setting. It can save time by avoiding duplication later on, bu Whilst each profession, and in some cases each clinical condition, may have their own specific assessment

...ation and maintenance of intra-abdominal pressure, and injuries can result in significant ventilatory compromise. Traumatic diaphragmatic injuries (TDI) ...this condition were being undertaken. Despite having been recognised early in the history of surgery, blunt traumatic diaphragm rupture was a rarely repo

..., Fabara SP. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402869/ Locked-in syndrome: A systematic review of long-term management and prognosis.] Cureu ...hagen KS. [https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/4/e023185 Locked-in syndrome] in Sweden, an explorative study of persons who underwent rehabilitation: a coh

...fy trafficked persons and provide assistance if that person is willing and in the position to accept help. To learn more about the types of human traffi ...&hl=en&as_sdt=0,44&scillfp=15131976926524121165&oi=lle The relationship of trauma to mental disorders among trafficked and sexually exploited girls and women

...onals to be able to navigate the demands of the emergency medical response in disaster and conflict settings.<ref>Howitt AM, Leonard HB. Katrina and the ...g family separation, unaccompanied children, and destroyed homes resulting in displacement.

...García-Vences E. Rehabilitation Therapies in Spinal Cord Injury Patients. In: Arias, J. J. A. I. , Ramos, C. A. C. , editors. Paraplegia [Internet]. Lon ...ink.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13311-018-0632-5.pdf Clinical trials in traumatic spinal cord injury. Neurotherapeutics]. 2018 Jul;15(3):654-68.</r

...ventilator. The [[How We Breathe#Basics of Breathing|diaphragm]], the main respiratory muscle, works constantly throughout the day and performs many different bre ...: Contemporary results and outcomes of the laparoscopic approach to repair in symptomatic infants and children.] Journal of pediatric surgery. 2019 Jul 1

...matic event that leads to neural damage that influences motor, sensory and respiratory function, as well as bladder, bowel and sexual function. The neurological i ...a or tetraplegia. Paraplegia is the loss in motor and/ or sensory function in the lower limbs and trunk. While tetraplegia includes the upper limbs to th

...er.3 Amputee Rehabilitation. In: Skelton, P and Harvey, A . Rehabilitation in Sudden Onset Disasters. Handicap International and UK Emergency Medical Tea ...tissue coverage are compromised where the dead muscle is missed resulting in uneven distribution of tissue necrosis.<ref name=":2" />

...m|Brain stem]] ([[Midbrain]], Pons and Medulla Oblongata), [[Cerebellum]]. In addition to conditions affecting the Peripheral Nervous System involving C In 2019 globally, approximately 10 million deaths and 349 million DALYs were d

Acute stress can occur in up to 45% of injury survivors following a traumatic injury or illness. It i Physiotherapists can have a significant role in identifying and early management of patients who present with a stress resp

...ere a role for the Girdlestone resection arthroplasty in modern orthopedic trauma surgery? Case series from a medically underserved region and literature rev The first documented surgery of this kind, in 1928, involved radical excision of the femoral head and neck to drain the t

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [chest [[X-Rays|Xray]] R] ...aracterized by bilateral lung infiltrates and severe progressive hypoxemia in the absence of any evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

[[File:Respiratory System.png|thumb]] ...ducts of combustion.<ref name=":1">Dries and EndorfScandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine2013,21:31</ref>

...uroscience. 2016. 39(5): 311-324 doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2016.03.002 </ref> Multiple factors contribute to those pathophysiological mechanisms of secondary inju ..., and substrate delivery after traumatic brain injury. Annals of Intensive Care. 2013.3:23https://doi.org/10.1186/2110-5820-3-23</ref>

...a person’s well-being is paramount. [[Trauma-Informed Care|Trauma-informed care]] appreciates how a person’s life history may have impacted their develop ...tive health care experiences and holistic rehabilitation by working from a trauma-informed perspective and supporting the health and resilience of both patie

...the patient's long-term goals and align therapy to these objectives. This, in turn, enhances patient engagement with the treatment plan. ...m helps to streamline subsequent assessments and facilitates continuity of care, both during rehabilitation and upon transition to community settings. This

...om/science/article/abs/pii/S2468781220303131 Safety netting; best practice in the face of uncertainty. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice.] 2020 May 12 ...ysiotherapists' understanding of red flags for back pain.] Musculoskeletal care. 2015 Mar;13(1):42-50.</ref>

...ns for pulmonary rehabilitation in COVID-19 patients recovering from acute respiratory failure: results of a Delphi process.] Monaldi Arch Chest Dis [Internet]. 2 ...from early research that these patients will be in need of rehabilitation in all phases of the disease - acute, post-acute and long-term.

Sternum pain is pain or discomfort in the area of the chest that contains the sternum and the cartilage connectin ....<ref>Aalam AA, Alsabban A, Pines JM. National trends in chest pain visits in US emergency departments (2006–2016). Emergency Medicine Journal. 2020 No

...ict. But in general, during disasters and conflicts, patients present with multiple injuries, and open and complex fractures are common, which can complicate y ...professionals are required to maintain close contact with the medical team in order to assess those with fractures prior to discharge.<ref name=":3" />

...ting state, [[Therapeutic Exercise|exercise]] poses a substantial increase in demand for the body. ...ntains a [[Parasympathetic System|parasympathetic]] tone which affects the respiratory rate, cardiac output, and various metabolic processes.

...1967 in Cape Town, South Africa. Unfortunately, early operations resulted in problems such as infection and rejection, and heart recipients did not surv ...okorná E, Vitko S, Ekberg H. Medical-record review of potential donor pool in the Czech Republic suggests a possible increase to more than double the num

...ersity Press. 2010. p.9-21</ref> In particular, histories of survivors of trauma can be highly demanding for the untrained rehabilitation professional to de ...ic needs of those fleeing persecution and violence, now and in the future. In A. Alayarian (Red.), Resilience, Suffering and Creativity. The Work of the

...on language is essential to support integrated care, ensure person-centred care and is foundational to rehabilitation frameworks. ...Q The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health]. In: Dean, SG., Siegert, RJ and Taylor, WJ. Interprofessional Rehabilitation: A

...eleton Filaments|Cytoskeleton]]) These, in turn, result from abnormalities in the genes encoding various proteins that define EB into specific categories ...incidence of EB have been endeavored by many different sampling techniques in numerous populations worldwide, but the most accurate and up to date epidem

...The energy expenditure can be measured in kilocalories. Physical activity in daily life can be categorized into occupational, sports, conditioning, hous ...hip between physical fitness qualities and sport-specific technical skills in female, team-based ball players: A systematic review.] Sports medicine-open

...enhance consciousness along with other forms of treatment and therapy used in [[Traumatic Brain Injury|traumatic brain injury]] neurorehabilitation. Prev ...ions. Although patients with disorders of consciousness demonstrate damage in various areas of the brain eg [[Cerebral Cortex|cortico]]-[[Thalamus|thalam

...ly life and would benefit from rehabilitation services - this equates to 1 in 3 individuals requiring rehabilitation services throughout their illness or ...nsive service, especially when it is integrated with community and primary care.<ref name=":7">Cieza A, Causey K, Kamenov K, Hanson SW, Chatterji S, Vos T.

...initions of CP within the literature, although these may all vary slightly in the way they are worded they are all similar and can be summarised to: ...disorders of motor function, defined as loss of previously acquired skills in the first 5 years of life.

*Previous care or treatment: Patient has received physical therapy in the past for an injury sustained while running however, she has never recei ...worse, but sitting upright in her desk chair at home provides some relief. In addition, she is fearful of using ibuprofen because of the effects it may h

...e (COVID-19)|Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)]], caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid ...patient, rather than ‘airborne spread’ (in which smaller particles remain in the air longer).

.../ref><ref name=":0">Marshall, R and Hasnan, N. Chapter.27 Team Based Care. In: Chhabra HS, ISCoS Textbook on Comprehensive Management of Spinal Cord Inju ...e in Spinal Cord Injury Inpatient Rehabilitation and Patient Participation in Therapy Sessions: The SCIRehab Project. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

...e simplest of functional activities<ref>Atkins, D. J. Prosthetic Training. In: Smith, D, G., Michael, J.W and J. H. Bowker. Editors, 2004, Atlas of Amput ...ic therapy for the upper limb amputee. However, physiotherapy is indicated in many rehabilitation phases from assessment pre-amputation and post amputati

...greatly from an interdisciplinary team consisting of, but not limited to, respiratory therapists, speech language pathologists, and occupational therapists. ...thumb|750x750px|Figure 1. This image depicts common clinical features seen in patients with

...4 May 2017).</ref>. [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Stroke Stroke] occurring in this region of the brainstem often leads to a variety of impairments, and p ...d in 1808 by Gaspard Vieusseux. However, a more detailed description given in 1895 by Adolf Wallenberg highlighted this condition as an infarction of the

...of impaired body functions. These include functions of the bladder, bowel, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. As well as this, social and personal factors, * Initial medical care and rehabilitation are focused on minimising additional neurological damage

...laced persons next to an active conflict zone or a safe third country, the multiple and complex health problems of displaced persons are becoming a big challen ...Dec;3(1):1-2.</ref> Studies indicate a high prevalence of persistent pain in torture survivors, with an overall incidence of up to 83%.<ref>Olsen DR, Mo

...an C, Fuller K. Chapter 3: Pain Types and Viscerogenic&nbsp;Pain Patterns. In:DifferentialDiagnosis for Physical Therapists: Screening for Referral. 5th ...me changes. The physical therapist should carefully document these changes in order to recognize discrepancies.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

...ten a diagnostic enigma. The challenge is to make an appropriate diagnosis in a timely fashion without exposing the child to unnecessary diagnostic studi ...tation professionals can differentiate between different causes of limping in children and know when to refer to medical colleagues.

...stic pain]]. <ref>International Association for the Study of Pain - What's in a Name for Chronic Pain? “Nociplastic pain” was officially adopted by I ...the population, causing it to be the most common musculoskeletal disorder in the U.S. It mainly effects women (90%) more often than men. Symptoms typic

...ent per Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services standards. Improvements in bed mobility, transfers, gait, upper and lower body dressing, selfcare, ran ...mes in this case support further investigation for physical rehabilitation in NMO patients.

* Key types of headaches and causes of dizziness that may be encountered in clinical practice ...aged 22-55 years.<ref name=":3">Burstein R, Noseda R, Borsook D. Migraine: multiple processes, complex pathophysiology. J Neurosci. 2015;35(17):6619-6629. </re

...ely due to the population presenting with a number of co-morbidities which in turn makes this a complex caseload to work with. == Homelessness in the UK ==

...e, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in persons aged <45 years. Per the World Health Organization (WHO), approximat ...ting from [[Neurodegenerative Disease|neurodegenerative disorders]] like [[Multiple Sclerosis (MS)]] or [[Parkinson's|Parkinson’s Disease]]. Acquired brain i

* Blood is critical in the homeostatic regulation of pH, temperature and various other internal co ...rom 4 to 5 litres of blood formed of cells and plasma circulating the body in [[Cardiovascular System|vessels]]<ref>Hamdan B, Diabat A. [https://www.scie

...and participation. This case provides a typical case presentation of GBS, in addition to possible assessment methods, outcome measures, and technologica ...ultan B, Katirji B. Guillain–Barré syndrome: incidence and mortality rates in US hospitals. Neurology. 2008 Apr 29;70(18):1608-13.</ref>.

...Fracture|fractures]] are a primary cause of mobility loss and mortality in trauma patients, with a bone fracture accounting for 56% of cervical spinal cord i ...al fracture could occur in actions like spearing an opponent with the head in contact sports.

...ousa, Gilson Cassem Ramos - Suprascapular Nerve Block: Important Procedure in Clinical Practice. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2012; 62: 1: 96-104</ref> ...I; Gilson Cassem RamosIII - Suprascapular nerve block: important procedure in clinical practice. Part II Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia ISSN 0482-500

...gs are used to manage [[Pain Behaviours|pain]] resulting from inflammation in response to tissue damage, chemical agents/pathogens ([http://www.physio-pe ...e -Therapeutic|exercise]]; to understand the limitations of the medication in managing [[Chronic Pain and the Brain|chronic pain]]; and to understand the

...five years and functional level is maintained between three and six years in these children. Symptoms are mild at first but become more severe as the ch ...f> That means that there is approximately 2400 individuals living with DMD in the UK alone<ref name="Muscle Dystrophy UK">Muscular Dystrophy UK. Muscular

...ernational. 2015 Jan;112(3):35.</ref> Patient positioning must not be seen in isolation but rather as one aspect of patient management where the overall ...A, Bölter R, Engeser P, Wensing M, Szecsenyi J, Peters-Klimm F. Challenges in supporting lay carers of patients at the end of life: results from focus gr

...ge:ClavicleFracture2.jpg|thumb|right]]&nbsp;The clavicle is the first bone in the human body to begin intramembranous ossification directly from mesenchy ...ntly causes a clavicle fracture. Radiographs confirm the diagnosis and aid in further evaluation and treatment. While most clavicle fractures are treated

...ctures that result from mechanical forces that would not ordinarily result in a fracture. <ref name=":1">Yoo JH, Moon SH, Ha YC, Lee DY, Gong HS, Park SY * '''Wedge VFs''' are the most common, occuring in the midthoracic region with compression of the anterior segment of the vert

This page brings to light some medical related issues in sports that it is important to be aware of, namely: == Sudden Cardiac Death in Sports ==

...ists and the importance of a strong inter-disciplinary team is highlighted in the management of ALS. ...fected areas to preserve strength and function <ref name=":0" />. However, in the later stages of this disease, re-innervation can no longer compensate f

...elat Res. 1988(233):7-18.</ref><ref>Dudek N, Trudel G. Joint contractures. In: Frontera W, Silver J, Rizzo T, editors. Essentials of physical medicine an ...otentially serious implications on motor recovery, functional outcomes and care needs. 

...sical therapy management in palliative care.] Indian Journal of Palliative Care. 2011 May;17(2):116.</ref> ...6276.pub3 Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) for cancer pain in adults.] ''The Cochrane database of systematic reviews'', ''2012''(3) </ref

...-exertion. Recovery to pre-exertion baseline can take hours to months, and in some cases, the patient never recovers to the pre-exertion baseline.<ref>Ba ...nting-the-Cost-Sept-2017.pdf</ref> The effects of the illness are spectral in nature with approximately 25% of sufferers considered severely affected, la

...logist, occupational therapist, and speech language pathologist were noted in order to help manage the multi-faceted presentation of his disease beyond t ...isease that is progressive in nature. First described by George Huntington in 1872, HD typically has an adult onset with irreversible motor, affective, a

...sson E. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363318 Urinary incontinence in women with low back pain.] Manual Therapy. June 2008;13(3):206-212. ...al_study Association between lumbopelvic pain and pelvic floor dysfunction in women: A cross sectional study]. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice. 2018

...inal cord]]. Autonomic dysfunction can include compromised cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary, gastrointestinal, thermoregulatory, and sexual activities. Mainta ...[[Autonomic Dysreflexia]] and thermoregulation dysfunction is more common in the sub-acute and chronic spinal cord injury.

...X of Encylopaedia of Sports Medicine. An IOC Medical Comittee Publication in collaboration with the International Federation of Sports Medicine. Blackwe ...ef>. When an individual experiences or is likely to experience limitations in everyday functioning due to ageing or a health condition, including chronic

...low her to continue in activity and participation in her life, as outlined in this case. * PCP = Primary Care Practitioner

The World Health Organisation (WHO) in 1992 defined a learning disability as ‘‘a condition of arrested or inco ...ed by Valuing People, the 2001 White Paper report on the health and social care of people with learning disabilities.<ref name="DOH">Department of health.

...Traumatic Brain Injury|traumatic brain injury]] (TBI) sequelae are various in nature. They include: physical; cognitive; behavioural; psychological; and ...y. 2008;22(5):365–373.</ref>. Moreover, the limitations with the research in this patient group forces physiotherapists to utilise evidence related to n

...cs are covered separately on Physiopedia pages but have yet to be combined in one page. This page aims to present the research so clinicians can be more ...tps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16550446/ European guidelines for prevention in low back pain.] Eur Spine J. 2006 Mar;15 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S136-68. </ref>

...siotherapy_Practice|Queen Margaret University's Current and Emerging Roles in Physiotherapy Practice Project]]<br> ...ref>French HP, Dowds J. An overview of continuing professional development in physiotherapy. Physiotherapy 2008;94(3):190-7. https://www.sciencedirect.co

...stem (triggering neuropeptide release, which produces painful inflammation in cranial vessels and the [[Brain Anatomy|dura mater]]).<ref name="Merck Manu ...ache Disorders 3rd edition beta-based field testing of vestibular migraine in China: Demographic, clinical characteristics, audiometric findings and diag

...siotherapy_Practice|Queen Margaret University's Current and Emerging Roles in Physiotherapy Practice Project]] Cerebral palsy is a well recognized neurodevelopmental condition beginning in early childhood and persisting throughout an individual’s life. Mutch et