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* Anthrax can occur in four forms: cutaneous, inhalation, gastrointestinal, and inhalation.<ref name=":0" /> ...nfection. It can affect the [[Integumentary System|integumentary system]], gastrointestinal/ digestive system and [[Respiratory System|respiratory system]].<br>

...eneficial; however, they are associated with severe side effects including gastrointestinal injury and peptic ulceration. Though several approaches for limiting these == Gastrointestinal Effects ==

...brain supports a comprehensive model that integrates the central nervous, gastrointestinal, and immune systems with this newly discovered organ<ref name=":1">Martin C ...ortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolvi

...s) post bone marrow transplantation, being a major complication. The skin, gastrointestinal tract (in particular the small bowel), and liver are the organs most often ...14x214px|Hand GVHD with Sclerosis]]Acute GVHD typically involves the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and liver. It may involve the lungs, kidneys, eyes, and hematopoieti

Image 1:The ENS is embedded in the lining of the gastrointestinal system. ...the ENS can guide and optimise the muscular and secretory activity of the gastrointestinal tract.

== Gastrointestinal System == ...us and includes the throat, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Changes in Gastrointestinal system with ageing includes:

...dium enteric-coated tablets ) WARNING : RISK OF SERIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR AND GASTROINTESTINAL. 2016; Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label

* Changes in the Gastrointestinal System<ref name=":1" />: one school of thought is that the relaxation of th * Gastrointestinal disorders

...atient exhibits the classically described signs of malabsorption caused by gastrointestinal colonization. However, it can exhibit clinically overlapping signs and symp ...fection]] may be eliminated or limited to asymptomatic colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract in the presence of fully functional immunity. <ref name=":1" />

...consumption of non-food items can lead to physical health issues, such as gastrointestinal problems, including blockages, ulcers, [[constipation]], or even perforatio ...dirt or feces may lead to physical symptoms related to infection, such as gastrointestinal distress, diarrhea, or [[Parasitic Infections|parasitic infestations]]<ref>

# In the gastrointestinal system (through stimulation of the [[Vagus Nerve|vagus]] nerve) the tone, t * Gastrointestinal symptoms, eg vomiting

...mucosal lining of the stomach and duodenum that can lead to damage of the gastrointestinal tissue. Pepsin, a catalytic enzyme that assists in protein breakdown, incre ...ts and those individuals who have suffered from a trauma such as a burn or gastrointestinal surgery. You are twice as likely to suffer from a peptic ulcer if you are A

* Individuals with gastrointestinal disorders or who have had gastrointestinal surgery Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause haematologic, neurologic, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular symptoms.

...h, gallbladder, pancreas, and small intestine, stimulating peristalsis and gastrointestinal secretions. .<ref name=":0">Britannica [https://www.britannica.com/science ...nal tract and on the microbiota, and is involved in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel dis

...w microscopic inflammatory changes of gut mucosa without clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease. ...th inflammatory bowel disease), medications may need to be adjusted so the gastrointestinal component of the disease is also treated and not exacerbated.

==== Gastrointestinal System ====

* Gastrointestinal tract - propulsion of the food bolus # The gastrointestinal tract is mostly dependent on smooth muscle for motility. Any damage to the

* Gastrointestinal Upset <u>Gastrointestinal Symptoms</u>

...sepsis, and pneumonia are prevalent in patients with spinal cord injuries. Gastrointestinal and collagenous tissue disruption have been exhibited with long-term use of

*Probiotics: Aid in the support of gastrointestinal health * Celiac Disease, a form of gastrointestinal gluten sensitivity, an autoimmune disorder in which people cannot tolerate

* The enteric nervous system is confined to the gastrointestinal tract.

...|inflammatory bowel disease]] (IBD). CD causes chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. In Crohn disease, the inflammation extends through the entire thickn ...trointestinal tract]][[Image:What is Crohn's disease.jpg|frame|right|200px|Gastrointestinal Tract in which Crohn's Disease affects]]There are different types of Crohn�

|No gastrointestinal motility or excessive motility |No gastrointestinal motility

...rdiovascular System|cardiovascular]], metabolic, pulmonary, neuromotor and gastrointestinal.&nbsp; ...rk well despite the impact on muscle repair, but long term use can lead to gastrointestinal complications, renal failure, liver failure, and heart failure. NSAIDs are

...ations regarding the patient's fall risk and level of perceived exertion.  Gastrointestinal distress from this medication can affect the patient’s ability to partici

...plications. The complications could be respiratory, orthopedics, vascular, Gastrointestinal etc. === Gastrointestinal Complications ===

...|functional recurrent anorectal pain]] is part of a spectrum of functional gastrointestinal disorders presenting as episodes of sharp, fleeting pain that recur over we ...k.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01303162 householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Prevalence, sociodemography, and health impact.] Dig Dis Sci. 19

Clubbing is often associated with numerous gastrointestinal and cardiorespiratory diseases. Such as:

# Gastrointestinal Manifestations: Abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, and bowel ischemia have been reported.

GERD is the most common gastrointestinal diagnosis recorded during visits to outpatient clinics. It is estimated tha Chest pain referred from the upper gastrointestinal tract can radiate from the chest posteriorly to the upper back or interscap

* Gastrointestinal disturbances - such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss, and diarrho * gastrointestinal symptoms

...[[Spondyloarthritis]]) which manifests after several days to weeks after a gastrointestinal or genitourinary infection. It is also described as a classic triad of [[ar ...elieved that the disorder is due to an aberrant autoimmune response to the gastrointestinal infection caused by Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter or chlamydia.

...involves different body systems such as skin, mucosa, joints, nervous and gastrointestinal systems. <ref>Bettiol A, Prisco D, Emmi G. [https://academic.oup.com/rheuma ...seases. 2021 Nov 4;6(4):175-85.</ref> <ref>Skef W, Hamilton MJ, Arayssi T. Gastrointestinal Behçet's disease: a review. World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG. 2015 A

The anal canal is an extraperitoneal part, it is the final part of the gastrointestinal, starts from anorectal junction, extends posteroinferiorly as a termination The digested food moves in the gastrointestinal tract till it reaches to the large intestine, the colon muscles contract (p

...hat they bruise more easily. But serious bleeding, such as bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract or brain, can occur. These bleeds can be life-threatening<ref name=":

# Gastrointestinal/Renal/Electrolyte: [[Hypoglycemia]]; [[Dehydration]]; [[Hyperkalemia]]; [[H

...n have numerous systemic manifestations affecting the: cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, renal, neurological, ocular, musculoskeletal, and integumentary systems.<r ...mptoms that will have an affect on the: integumentary, cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, renal, neurological, ocular, and musculoskeletal systems.<ref name="Dantas

...onia” refers to the aspiration of a large amount of oropharyngeal or upper gastrointestinal content moving through the vocal cords and [[Trachea and Larynx|trachea]] i

...o stimuli from the [[Respiratory System|respiratory]], cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems<ref>Kenhub STN Available from: https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/an

...oms can effect the musculoskeletal, nervous, cardiovascular/pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems (see table below). Normal serum calcium levels range between 8.2 an ! scope="row" | Gastrointestinal

* Problems in the gastrointestinal system # Gastrointestinal dysfunctions

...increased blood pressure, heart rate and glucose production, cessation of gastrointestinal peristalsis, etc.<ref name=":1" /> * facilitating gastrointestinal peristalsis

...]. 2021 Apr 19.</ref>. Anaemia often results from diseases in the liver or gastrointestinal tract. <ref>Tomasevic R, Gluvic Z, Mijac D, Sokic-Milutinovic A, Lukic S, M ...ith vitamin or iron replacement. Iron deficiency anemia often is caused by gastrointestinal bleeding and requires further investigation in most patients.

...rs can involve the joints, muscles, skin, the eyes, heart, lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and blood vessels. There are more than 200 disorders that affect the

* Gastrointestinal symptoms are common.

* Gastrointestinal tract

...rison, M. E., Isserlin, L., Robinson, A., Feder, S., & Sampson, M. (2016). Gastrointestinal complications associated with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review. Intern ...upper respiratory symptoms, but also inclusive of symptoms relating to the gastrointestinal tract <ref>Shimizu, K., Suzuki, N., Nakamura, M., Aizawa, K., Imai, T., Suz

..., endocrine, reproductive , cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, urinary, gastrointestinal and immune systems are affected, along with changes to the skin and breasts == Gastrointestinal changes ==

...As well as accumulating in the brain, α-synuclein also accumulates in the gastrointestinal tract resulting in symptoms. <ref name=":3">Emamzadeh FN. [https://www.ncbi

...mplies a gastrointestinal origin, research into conditions relating to the gastrointestinal system and the prevalence of colic has found inconclusive or weak associati

* Gastrointestinal infections Most acute respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections are [[Viral Infections|viral]].

...x, or hypo plastic left heart syndrome.<ref name=":3" /> 18% of cases have gastrointestinal tract malformations. Functionally, these malformations may include feeding # Gastrointestinal problems like pyloric stenosis causes forceful vomiting because of a narrow

...nditions, viral infections (such as Hepatitis C, HIV, measles, and mumps), gastrointestinal, bleeding, and autoimmune disorders. One possible cause of associated signs ...ities associated with ITP that may have systemic involvement including the gastrointestinal or endocrine systems.

...ophy, part 1: diagnosis, and neuromuscular, rehabilitation, endocrine, and gastrointestinal and nutritional management. Lancet Neurol. 2018. 17(3): 251-267.</ref>. Phy

* Gastrointestinal symptoms *Gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia.

...s. They are most often found in the [[Respiratory System|respiratory]] and gastrointestinal tracts, where they make up part of the surface epithelium. The secretion of

...lude dysrhythmias, altered mental status, drowsiness, visual disturbances, gastrointestinal issues, and altered potassium levels<ref>MacLeod-Glover, N., Mink, M., Yare

|Gastrointestinal and breast cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, [[Thyroid Cancer|thyroid]] and |Gastrointestinal and renal tumours.

...ment of stool through the colon or anorectum. Transit through the proximal gastrointestinal tract is often normal. Slowing of colonic transit may be idiopathic or may ...nervosa<ref>Zipfel S, Sammet I, Rapps N, Herzog W, Herpertz S, Martens U. Gastrointestinal disturbances in eating disorders: clinical and neurobiological aspects. Aut

...[[Irritable Bowel Syndrome|inflammatory bowel disease]] (IBD) and/or other gastrointestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and [[Crohn's Disease|Crohn’s diseas ...:8" /> It tends to develop between one and six weeks after a urogenital or gastrointestinal infection.<ref name=":8" /><ref>Ono K, Kishimoto M, Shimasaki T, Uchida H,

...er eases, other symptoms can get worse and may cause more severe bleeding; gastrointestinal problems like nausea, vomiting, or severe abdominal pain; and respiratory p

* Gastrointestinal symptoms like pain, nausea, and vomiting. Hypercalcemia can lead to [[Pepti

# Increased potassium loss ([[skin]], gastrointestinal, and [[Kidney|renal]] losses)<ref name=":0" />

The anal canal is the end part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), it is about 4cm in length in women and a bit longer in men rea ...band ligation of hemorrhoids: A guide for complications. World journal of gastrointestinal surgery. 2016 Sep 9;8(9):614.</ref>.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional disorder of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract that has a negative impact on quality of life and is often affec ...able Bowel Syndrome|irritable bowel syndrome]] and its effect on assessing gastrointestinal symptoms, pain, functional disability, coping, anxiety and depression. The

...man CC, Fuller KS, Pathology: Implications for the Physical Therapist. The Gastrointestinal System. Saunders, Elsevier Inc., 2009. p870-74.</ref>

...me into contact with external antigens. They are found in the skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and inner layers of the nose. Dendritic cells function primarily to

...the Rome II Multinational working teams, editors. Rome II: The Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. 2nd Edition. Degnon Associates Inc, 2000. p483-542</ref>. The pa ...o bowel routines, the patient will prevail of a basic understanding of the gastrointestinal system and its operations, with particular importance on the control that c

==== Gastrointestinal ==== ...nce and prevents faecal impaction.<ref>Ko HY, Huh S. Bowel Dysfunction and Gastrointestinal Complications. Handbook of Spinal Cord Injuries and Related Disorders 2021

* Gastrointestinal loss eg diarrhoea, stomal losses

===== Effects on Gastrointestinal System/Metabolism =====

...7500/ Celiac disease: From pathophysiology to treatment.] World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology. 2017 May 15;8(2):27.</ref> <ref name="Merck 1">Ruiz,Atenod ...nclude: Barium Xray test to detect the presence of malabsorption along the gastrointestinal tract; Direct stool sample analysis of fat content can also be implemented

...ts under the age of 12 months are most at risk and adults who have reduced gastrointestinal immunity. The bacteria multiply inside the gut and produce toxins. Healthy

...r the diagnosis, staging and therapeutic management of colorectal cancer]. Gastrointestinal tumors. 2014;1(1):25-32.Available from:https://www.karger.com/Article/Fullt ...exercise on colorectal cancer prevention and treatment]. World journal of gastrointestinal oncology. 2019 May 15;11(5):348.Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

...ure from tumor on neighboring structures can affect the urinary system and gastrointestinal system (bowel).<ref name="Five" /> ...central nervous system (CNS), pulmonary system, urinary system (bladder), gastrointestinal system (rectum), retroperitoneal lymph nodes, paracervical lymphatics and p

...medical treatment. These include illnesses such as diabetic ketoacidosis, gastrointestinal bleeding, drug overdose, [[Respiratory Failure|respiratory failure]], [[sep |Gastrointestinal Disorders

* Gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: there may be GI involvement ==== Gastrointestinal System ====

#* Gastrointestinal: impaired function [[File:Radiation therapy for cancer.jpg|right|frameless]]'''Gastrointestinal'''

...autosomal dominant hereditary multisystemic (eye, heart, brain, endocrine, gastrointestinal tract, uterus, skin) disease that is chronic, slow-progressing, and very va

* '''Gastrointestinal Effects''' ...minor (i.e. dyspepsia, nausea, and heartburn) or severe (life-threatening gastrointestinal bleed). The risk of adverse effects increases with age and for patients als

...th recurrent exposures. Often, because of the amount of mast cells in the Gastrointestinal tract, there are a host of GI symptoms present. * Gastrointestinal symptoms including

# Gastrointestinal mucosa: mucositis - Inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the dig ...opied. They are used to treat certain leukemias, as well as lung, ovarian, gastrointestinal, and other cancers. Examples include: Topotecan, Airinotecan, Etoposide and

...ces, immunosuppression, [[Cardiovascular Disease|cardiovascular]] disease, gastrointestinal and dermatologic adverse effects<ref name=":0" />.

...y types of [[Oncology|cancers]], [[Cardiovascular Disease|heart disease]], gastrointestinal, [[Endocrine / Metabolic Medications|endocrine]] or [[Neurological Disorder

...atal, often due to progressive [[Chronic Kidney Disease|renal failure]] or gastrointestinal complications.<ref name=":0" /><br>

* Gastrointestinal complications include decreased motility, constipation, ileus. |Gastrointestinal system

...ed as [[dysphagia]] and reflux heartburn, is the most common indication of gastrointestinal dysfunction involvement and, to some extent, exacerbates the existing inter ...llo FC, Tu W, et al. [https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/MD.0000000000031780 Gastrointestinal involvement in systemic sclerosis: An updated review. Medicine (Baltimore)]

...onditions includes: Cancer; Metabolic disorders; Cardiovascular disorders; Gastrointestinal conditions; Neurodegenerative disorders; Mental disorders; Pain syndromes;

# Gastrointestinal System: uncoordinated swallowing, recurrent misdirection, nausea and vomiti

It usually involves an interaction between the gastrointestinal, urinary, gynecological ([[endometriosis]], [[adenomyosis]], [[Pelvic Conge | Gastrointestinal

...(cardiovascular, pulmonary, mediastinal), Intra abdominal (Hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, retroperitoneal), Musculoskeletal (Post-thoracotomy syndrome, [http://www.

...ymorphism in a Romanian cohort of Gilbert syndrome individuals. Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. 2017Mar;26(1):25–8.</ref>.&nbsp;In individuals with G

...i.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19409859 Do incontinence, breathing difficulties, and gastrointestinal symptoms increase the risk of future back pain?.] Journal of Pain. August 2 ...i.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19409859 Do incontinence, breathing difficulties, and gastrointestinal symptoms increase the risk of future back pain?] Journal of Pain. August 20

=== Gastrointestinal System === ...artins D, Torres J. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6033757/ Gastrointestinal diseases during pregnancy: what does the gastroenterologist need to know?].

...stems can be affected by GAD, including: Cardiopulmonary, Musculoskeletal, Gastrointestinal and Neurological systems. This disorder can manifest in several ways, incor

...ficant conditions involving the PNS include: sexual dysfunction; priapism; gastrointestinal issues; [[Horner's Syndrome|Horner syndrome]]; urinary retention; cholinerg

BPDs often mimic more severe conditions such as cardiac, neurological and gastrointestinal conditions. These must all be ruled out by the medical team.

...13 Dec;2(1):19.</ref>. MAO-B inhibitors are generally well tolerated, with gastrointestinal side effects being the most common problem. Other adverse effects include a

# '''Gastrointestinal changes''' #* Absorption is affected due to gastrointestinal mucosal atrophy and decreased intestinal blood flow<ref name=":1" />

...f the patients with ketoacidoses present with features of hypovolemia from gastrointestinal or renal fluid and [[Electrolytes|electrolyte]] losses. In severe cases, pa