#REDIRECT [[Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury]]
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...tions can damage the frontal lobe, including [[stroke]], [[Traumatic Brain Injury|head trauma,]] and [[dementia]]<ref name=":0">Very well health [https://www
...k assessment and the niceties of social interaction; it is the area of the brain that deals with abstract concepts.
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...he challenges for clinical guidelines in the management of traumatic brain injury include:
...s group, ethical considerations, due to many patients with traumatic brain injury lacking the mental capacity to give fully informed consent confounding the
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...ssing the increase in the population of people leaving with acquired brain injury.
...falls (last accessed 03/09/2019) </ref> Falls tie age with traumatic brain injury in a two-way relationship: [[File:Screenshot 2019-10-24 at 12.09.31.png|t
14 KB (2,041 words) - 09:19, 25 February 2022
..." /> The costs involved in the care of a child with severe traumatic brain injury, extended over the individual’s lifetime, are significant.<ref name=":1"
...s="text-right"><ref>. Arkansas Children's. Recovering from Traumatic Brain Injury: Ryan's Story. Available from: https://youtu.be/YpdCspyn4co[last accessed 3
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...ion of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), peripheral blood cells infiltration, brain edema, and the discharge of numerous immune mediators including chemotactic
...f secondary injury and their contribution to the severity of the secondary injury might vary.
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...71/journal.pone.0253206 A meta-analysis of cohort studies: Traumatic brain injury and risk of Alzheimer’s Disease]. PLoS one. 2021 Jun 22;16(6):e0253206.</
...matic brain injury derived from an external source and non-traumatic brain injury derived from either an internal or external source.
24 KB (3,524 words) - 05:52, 23 June 2023
...5):311-324. doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2016.03.002</ref>[[File:Traumatic Brain Injury Subtypes.jpg|center|thumb|700x700px|
'''''Traumatic Brain Injury Subtypes.'''''
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...do at any time in [https://members.physio-pedia.com/learn/traumatic-brain-injury-programme/ Plus,] it can be started and completed at any time that suits yo
...aypal-donate-btns">[https://members.physio-pedia.com/learn/traumatic-brain-injury-programme/ Go to the updated course on Plus ]</div>
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#REDIRECT [[Introduction to Traumatic Brain Injury Course]]
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...of preventive strategies by identifying the main causes of traumatic brain injury, the factors contributing to severity, the most prevalent age groups and ot
...dence and severity, in conjunction with identification of the mechanism of injury, allow us to design appropriate health care services from subacute and emer
15 KB (2,176 words) - 17:37, 3 November 2022
...ith other members of the [[Interdisciplinary Management of Traumatic Brain Injury|multidisciplinary team]] is extremely beneficial, and on occasion, joint as
== Possible Symptoms following Acute Traumatic Brain Injury ==
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== Life Expectancy Following Traumatic Brain Injury ==
Long-Term Survival After Traumatic Brain Injury Part II: Life Expectancy.
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...oach to neurological rehabilitation and physiotherapy post-traumatic brain injury should observe [[neuroplasticity]], [[Motor Control and Learning|motor lear
...an integral part of the [[Interdisciplinary Management of Traumatic Brain Injury|MDT/IDT neurological rehabilitation team]] and neurological physiotherapy i
24 KB (3,148 words) - 15:11, 16 December 2022
...s limitations on understanding of functional recovery from traumatic brain injury, motor relearning and effectiveness of therapeutic methods.
...after traumatic brain injury: A systematic review of the literature. Brain Injury. 2008;22(5):365–373.</ref>. Moreover, the limitations with the research
26 KB (3,562 words) - 19:41, 20 November 2022
...ell being following a [[Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury|traumatic brain injury]]. Discharge planning should involve, from the outset, the patient and thei
...Brain-Injury-Inpatient-Care-Pathway-Neurorehabilitation.pdf Acquired Brain Injury Inpatient Care Pathway: Neurorehabilitation], which incorporates discharge
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...n order to operate, and the respiratory system needs instructions from the brain in order to operate.
...te respiratory distress syndrome following isolated severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine. 2022 Jan;37(1):68-74.</ref>. In this s
9 KB (1,269 words) - 19:44, 20 November 2022
...ide and form part of the content for the [[Introduction to Traumatic Brain Injury Course|TBI MOOC]] that took place in November 2019.
...atic brain injury and the management of individuals with a traumatic brain injury. In return for your efforts you will receive a certificate of complet
9 KB (1,352 words) - 11:27, 24 April 2023
...01072022-8.pdf Assessment of Extremities Muscle Contracture for Critically Brain Injured Patients.] 2022.</ref>. However, reports of incidence vary substant
...shorter at high tension in muscles with contractures in people with brain injury<ref>Kwah LK, Herbert RD, Harvey LA, Diong J, Clarke JL, Martin JH, et al. P
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...nity reintegration as well as employment potential after a traumatic brain injury. Therefore, it is important to recognise the potential risks of those patho
...everal complications can occur immediately or soon after a traumatic brain injury, but others might not be recognised until the rehabilitation stage. Severe
23 KB (3,192 words) - 12:57, 15 March 2022
...<ref name=":0">Johnson R. How do People get back to work after severe Head Injury? A 10 year Follow-up Study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. 1998; 8(1):6
...gnitive status and return to work after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. ''Rehabilitation Psychology. 2019; 64''(4):435–444
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#REDIRECT [[Traumatic Brain Injury - Case Study Part 1]]
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...me=":0">Shukla D, Devi BI, Agrawal A. Outcome measures for traumatic brain injury. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery. 2011;113(6):435-41.</ref>
...effectively reflect the complex range of factors affecting traumatic brain injury outcomes. <ref name=":0" />
24 KB (3,184 words) - 11:33, 24 April 2023
...refore, teamwork is one of the most fundamental factors in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation and an essential element of comprehensive patient care and i
...ry intensive outpatient program in treating combat-related traumatic brain injury and psychological health conditions]. Frontiers in neurology. 2021 Jan 18;1
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[[Traumatic Brain Injury - Case Study Part 1]]
[[Traumatic Brain Injury - Case Study Part 2]]
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[[File:Traumatic Brain Injury Course Picture.JPG|frameless|right|372x372px]]
...s with sufficient knowledge to manage a person following a traumatic brain injury. The programme consisted of four courses, which included:) Introduction to
48 KB (7,037 words) - 12:02, 18 August 2022
...for people with disability, particularly for those with a traumatic brain injury. <ref name="WHO">World Health Organisation. Physical Activity. Available at
==Physical Activity and Traumatic Brain Injury==
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Traumatic brain injury with intracranial bleed, skull fracture, and diffuse brain oedema.
Sustained a traumatic brain injury following a road traffic accident on his bicycle. His bicycle was hit side
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[[Traumatic Brain Injury - Case Study Part 1]]
=== 2 Months Post Injury ===
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[[Traumatic Brain Injury - Case Study Part 1]]
[[Traumatic Brain Injury - Case Study Part 2]]
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...iegas DB, Held K, Wagner P. Cognitive Impairment Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2002 Jan;4(1):43–57.</ref> Domains of cogniti
...nd slowness of information processing after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2004 Mar;18(3):257–72.</ref>
12 KB (1,649 words) - 11:21, 18 August 2022
...Amatya Minimum technical standards and recommendations for traumatic brain injury rehabilitation teams in sudden-onset disasters]. The Journal of the Interna
Key recommendations from a rehabilitation perspective for traumatic brain injury survivors in disaster settings included patient/carer education, general ph
35 KB (4,790 words) - 01:10, 24 August 2022
=== Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injuries in LMICs ===
...Carretta A, Nicolosi F, Morselli C. Epidemiology of severe traumatic brain injury. ''Journal of neurosurgical sciences. 2018;62''(5):535-541
19 KB (2,674 words) - 01:02, 24 August 2022
...f>Lathia C, Skelton P, Clift Z, Chapter.7 Early Rehabilitation of Acquired Brain Injuries. Lathia C, Skelton P, Clift Z. [https://resources.relabhs.org/reso
...ng with right-sided weakness and loss of sensation due to left-sided brain injury, indicating likely parietal and frontal lobe involvement with rib pain limi
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...ttps://physio-pedia.com/Overview_of_Traumatic_Brain_Injury traumatic brain injury (TBI)]. She underwent surgical procedure to correct a subdural haematoma
...]</ref> <ref name=":0">Heydari F, Golban M, Majidinejad S. Traumatic Brain Injury in Older Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department: Epidemiology, Outco
42 KB (5,861 words) - 19:06, 17 January 2023
...vere, catastrophic brain injury are more likely to die due to the level of injury and the limited availability of neurosurgery and ventilatory care, rehabili
...ftercare information to patients with mild brain injury or suspected brain injury, including how to recognise the following signs of deterioration. <ref nam
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... an individual with a [[Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury|traumatic brain injury (TBI)]] acquired through domestic violence. This case documents the p
...le|Glasgow Coma scale (GCS)]] and a 2 (moderate injury) on the Abbreviated Injury Scale at intake to hospital. Upon initial assessment, beginning after da
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#REDIRECT [[Rehabilitation of Acquired Brain Injury in Disasters and Conflicts]]
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#REDIRECT [[Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury]]
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#REDIRECT [[Introduction to Traumatic Brain Injury Course]]
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#REDIRECT [[Traumatic Brain Injury - Case Study Part 1]]
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#REDIRECT [[Rehabilitation of Acquired Brain Injury in Disasters and Conflicts]]
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#REDIRECT [[Case Study: Traumatic Brain Injury in an Elderly Woman]]
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#REDIRECT [[Case Study: Traumatic Brain Injury and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)]]
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...d neurotransmitters related to volume transmission, in the [[Brain Anatomy|brain]].
...iological need for sleep across all species may therefore reflect that the brain must enter a state of activity that enables elimination of potentially neur
2 KB (230 words) - 07:09, 21 January 2023
...of a neurobehavioral functioning inventory for adults with traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1996 Feb 1;77(2):116-24.
...Functioning Inventory as a depression screening tool after traumatic brain injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation. 2005 Nov 1;20(6):512-26.</ref>
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...ing developed by participants of a project to populate the Traumatic Brain Injury Section of Physiopedia.
[[Category: Acquired Brain Injuries]][[Category:TBI Content Project]]
2 KB (218 words) - 09:10, 29 July 2021
...ing developed by participants of a project to populate the Traumatic Brain Injury Section of Physiopedia.
[[Category: Acquired Brain Injuries]][[Category:TBI Content Project]]
2 KB (218 words) - 09:10, 29 July 2021
[[Traumatic Brain Injury - Case Study Part 1]]
[[Traumatic Brain Injury - Case Study Part 2]]
2 KB (242 words) - 12:21, 2 March 2022
...r's dementia, chronic [[Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury|traumatic brain injury]] associated with boxing (CTBI-B), and punch-drunk syndrome. Dementia Pugil
...ner KC, Barth JT, Barnes R (1999). "Neuropsychology of sports-related head injury: Dementia pugilistica to post concussion syndrome". The Clinical Neuropsych
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...y|spinal cord injury]]; [[Brain Tumors|brain tumours]]; and [[Encephalitis|brain infections]].
* Infective - [[Encephalitis]] , [[Meningitis|Meningiti]]<nowiki/>s , Brain abscess.
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=== Acquired Brain Injury ===
...sources/neurology-section-outcome-measures-recommendations/traumatic-brain-injury]
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Traumatic brain injury with intracranial bleed, skull fracture, and diffuse brain oedema.
Sustained a traumatic brain injury following a road traffic accident on his bicycle. His bicycle was hit side
2 KB (255 words) - 12:20, 2 March 2022
[[Traumatic Brain Injury - Case Study Part 1]]
[[Traumatic Brain Injury - Case Study Part 2]]
2 KB (252 words) - 12:21, 2 March 2022
...ide and form part of the content for the [[Introduction to Traumatic Brain Injury Course|TBI MOOC]] that took place in November 2019.
...atic brain injury and the management of individuals with a traumatic brain injury. In return for your efforts you will receive a certificate of complet
9 KB (1,352 words) - 11:27, 24 April 2023
The thalamus serves as the main relay station for the [[Brain Anatomy|brain]]. Motor pathways, [[Limbic System|limbic]] pathways, and sensory pathways
...us also conducts motor signals and relays information from the [[Brainstem|brain stem]] to the cortex, coordinating shifts in consciousness such as waking u
6 KB (776 words) - 23:06, 30 April 2024
...optimal management of [[Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury|traumatic brain injury.]]
...ted during the recovery period. Patients are left at risk for severe brain injury in the event of a traumatic impact to the craniectomy site<ref>Schirmer CM,
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...e brain's primary somatic sensory cortex (see image 2), a region where the brain interprets input from other areas of the body. Research suggests that, the
...ly understood. New studies are consistently making findings about how this brain region works, and it is unlikely that we have identified all of its functio
5 KB (675 words) - 07:24, 3 January 2021
...Decompressive Craniectomy (DC)|Decompressive craniectomy]] (DC) to prevent injury to the craniectomy site during the postoperative period.
...st and when being transferred or turned to avoid injury to the unprotected brain.<ref>Pandit AS, Singhal P, Khawari S, Luoma AMV, Ajina S, Toma AK. [https:/
3 KB (472 words) - 18:52, 26 June 2023
...lphia: Lea e Febiger, 1825-1861</ref>. Is one of a pair of arteries on the brain that supplies oxygenated blood to most midline portions of the frontal lobe
...<ref name="tre">Trepel, M. Blutversorgung des Gehirns (Blood supply oft he brain). In: Trepel, M. Neuroanatomie (Neuroanatomy), 5. Edition. München: Urban
3 KB (497 words) - 18:30, 19 October 2019
...he acute recovery phase following [[Traumatic Brain Injury|traumatic brain injury]].<ref>Kreutzer JS, Caplan B, DeLuca J. Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsych
Patients with Traumatic brain Injury
3 KB (444 words) - 08:41, 19 December 2021
...ell being following a [[Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury|traumatic brain injury]]. Discharge planning should involve, from the outset, the patient and thei
...Brain-Injury-Inpatient-Care-Pathway-Neurorehabilitation.pdf Acquired Brain Injury Inpatient Care Pathway: Neurorehabilitation], which incorporates discharge
11 KB (1,550 words) - 00:49, 24 August 2022
== Life Expectancy Following Traumatic Brain Injury ==
Long-Term Survival After Traumatic Brain Injury Part II: Life Expectancy.
10 KB (1,420 words) - 18:45, 14 November 2022
...vel Mobility Assessment Tool.] The Center for Outcome Measurement in Brain Injury. 2006. (accessed August 26, 2019 ).</ref>
...aumatic brain injury. Part 2: Content validity and discriminability, Brain Injury, 2009;19(10):833-843<nowiki/>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02
5 KB (670 words) - 03:23, 15 October 2019
Humans have big [[Brain Anatomy|brain]]<nowiki/>s and our frontal lobes, just behind the forehead, are particular
...le from:https://theconversation.com/frontal-lobe-paradox-where-people-have-brain-damage-but-dont-know-it-100923 (accessed 2.1.2021)</ref>
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Focus on sufficient repetition to stimulate brain reorganization using high levels of practice both in-therapy and out-of-the
Focus on sufficient intensity of training to stimulate brain reorganization, carefully matching the dynamic and changing needs of the pa
3 KB (438 words) - 18:29, 7 December 2023
== Brain Injury ==
...4 A 3-Step Process to Diagnose (or Rule Out) Concussion within 48 Hours of Injury: World Rugby Guideline] Raftery M, Kemp S, Patricios J, Makdissi M, Decq P.
12 KB (1,483 words) - 02:54, 27 September 2020
...tions can damage the frontal lobe, including [[stroke]], [[Traumatic Brain Injury|head trauma,]] and [[dementia]]<ref name=":0">Very well health [https://www
...k assessment and the niceties of social interaction; it is the area of the brain that deals with abstract concepts.
7 KB (957 words) - 15:54, 17 January 2023
...o be mediated by conditions such as as traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, phantom limb pain, and complex regional pain syndrome lead to neuropathic
...://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15322439.</ref><ref>1Moseley GL. Widespread brain activity during an abdominal task markedly reduced after pain physiology ed
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...mptoms made diagnosis difficult, so many theorised about the origin of the injury. Later, the Canadian diplomats and their families stationed in Havana descr
1-[[Brain Anatomy|White matter]]: composed of bundles of [[axons]] that are coated wi
6 KB (871 words) - 18:15, 7 March 2023
...akdissi M. Second impact syndrome or cerebral swelling after sporting head injury. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2012;11(1):21-23.</ref> Due to lack of characterizati
...window of vulnerability for approximately 10-15 days after an initial head injury. <ref name="Cantu" /> <ref name="McCrory" /> The rapid increase in intracra
7 KB (1,041 words) - 13:18, 27 June 2023
...do at any time in [https://members.physio-pedia.com/learn/traumatic-brain-injury-programme/ Plus,] it can be started and completed at any time that suits yo
...aypal-donate-btns">[https://members.physio-pedia.com/learn/traumatic-brain-injury-programme/ Go to the updated course on Plus ]</div>
11 KB (1,688 words) - 20:48, 12 August 2023
...hemisphere on either side of a central fissure. As the largest part of the brain, the cerebrum sits in front and on top of the brainstem and behind that sit
...ral lobe(green); [[Occipital Bone|occipital]] lobe(yellow) and [[Brainstem|Brain stem]](black); [[Cerebellum]](sky blue)
6 KB (890 words) - 12:04, 8 January 2021
...ptoms Questionnaire: a measure of symptoms commonly experienced after head injury and its reliability]. J Neurol. 1995 Sep;242(9):587-92.</ref>. It contains
...ncussion]] after a head trauma/ [[Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury|brain injury]]<ref name=":0" />.
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* [[Traumatic Brain Injury]] (TBI)
* Brain Tumour
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* This tiny little structure (it only accounts for less than 1% of the brain’s weight) is located just underneath the [[thalamus]], above the [[Pituit
...ps://kids.kiddle.co/Hypothalamus (accessed 29.12.2020)</ref><ref name=":0">Brain made simple [https://brainmadesimple.com/hypothalamus/ Hypothalamus] Availa
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.../pii/S0003999308000750 The Moss Attention Rating Scale for traumatic brain injury: Further explorations of reliability and sensitivity to change.] Archives o
...ii/S0003999306000992 Dimensions of disordered attention in traumatic brain injury: further validation of the Moss Attention Rating Scale.] Archives of physic
5 KB (697 words) - 22:43, 31 July 2021
...within our bodies, but instead, the changes in the neural pathways of the brain.
...cessing therapy (PRT) is to break the chronic pain cycle by retraining the brain to react to body signals properly.
6 KB (873 words) - 09:22, 18 January 2022
..." /> The costs involved in the care of a child with severe traumatic brain injury, extended over the individual’s lifetime, are significant.<ref name=":1"
...s="text-right"><ref>. Arkansas Children's. Recovering from Traumatic Brain Injury: Ryan's Story. Available from: https://youtu.be/YpdCspyn4co[last accessed 3
13 KB (1,867 words) - 00:53, 24 August 2022
...e recently being identified as a possible option to treat a wide range of brain disorders including [[depression]], [[Post-traumatic Stress Disorder|post-t
...y contexts.<ref>Buckner RL. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24174906/ The brain's default network: origins and implications for the study of psychosis]. Di
6 KB (842 words) - 07:14, 11 October 2023
...n order to operate, and the respiratory system needs instructions from the brain in order to operate.
...te respiratory distress syndrome following isolated severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine. 2022 Jan;37(1):68-74.</ref>. In this s
9 KB (1,269 words) - 19:44, 20 November 2022
...<ref name=":0">Johnson R. How do People get back to work after severe Head Injury? A 10 year Follow-up Study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. 1998; 8(1):6
...gnitive status and return to work after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. ''Rehabilitation Psychology. 2019; 64''(4):435–444
12 KB (1,730 words) - 18:41, 14 November 2022
[[File:Human brain right.jpeg|thumb|Grey and white matter Human brain]]
...in tissue is abundant in the [[cerebellum]], [[cerebrum]], and [[Brainstem|brain stem]]. It also forms a butterfly-shaped portion of the central [[Spinal co
9 KB (1,266 words) - 14:50, 1 October 2023
...of preventive strategies by identifying the main causes of traumatic brain injury, the factors contributing to severity, the most prevalent age groups and ot
...dence and severity, in conjunction with identification of the mechanism of injury, allow us to design appropriate health care services from subacute and emer
15 KB (2,176 words) - 17:37, 3 November 2022
...ith other members of the [[Interdisciplinary Management of Traumatic Brain Injury|multidisciplinary team]] is extremely beneficial, and on occasion, joint as
== Possible Symptoms following Acute Traumatic Brain Injury ==
13 KB (1,878 words) - 13:50, 15 February 2022
...s, and form myelin. Although there are about 86-100 billion neurons in the brain, glial cells are the most abundant cells in the [[Introduction to Neuroanat
...Institute Types of Glia Available:https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain-basics/brain/brain-physiology/types-glia (accessed 21.1.2023)</ref><ref name=":4">Ludwig PE, D
9 KB (1,226 words) - 02:45, 25 January 2023
...5):311-324. doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2016.03.002</ref>[[File:Traumatic Brain Injury Subtypes.jpg|center|thumb|700x700px|
'''''Traumatic Brain Injury Subtypes.'''''
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...y demands are typically high. This includes skeletal muscle, the heart and brain, though this enzyme is found in a number of other tissues as well. Within t
...y tissues and cells that need substantial amounts of ATP, for instance the brain, skeletal muscles, and the heart, with this much needed ATP. Creatine phosp
5 KB (737 words) - 12:56, 19 March 2024
...is removed in order to perform surgery on the [[Brain Anatomy|brain]]<ref>Brain & Spine Foundation. [https://www.brainandspine.org.uk/our-publications/our-
*Brain [[Brain Tumors|tumors]].
8 KB (1,049 words) - 16:03, 28 October 2023
...al amnesia, is a psychiatric disorder with no known underlying damage to a brain structure and commonly results from emotional trauma<ref name=":1" />.
...xposing them to important elements or articles from the past. Areas of the brain damaged in RA are the temporal lobes and prefrontal cortex<ref name=":2">Th
8 KB (1,058 words) - 08:03, 31 March 2023
...r mode of stimulation. The goal of this technique is the activation of the brain, improving the patient’s responsiveness, improving the transmission of th
...stimulation to improve arousal in comatose patients after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of the literature.] Neurological Sciences. 2020 Sep;41
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== Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process<br> ==
...bellum's involvement in autonomic, emotional and even cognitive aspects of brain function.<ref>Kebschull JM, Casoni F, Consalez GG, Goldowitz D, Hawkes R, R
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[[File:CT scan brain.jpg|right|frameless|249x249px]]
== Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process ==
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...the wrong place, in too high of a concentration and for too long can cause brain cell damage or death.
...f the central nervous system and the most abundant neurotransmitter in the brain. It is stored within vesicles in [[Axons|axon]] terminals and released via
5 KB (659 words) - 11:16, 17 February 2023
...r FM. Visual Deficits and Dysfunctions Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Optom Vis Sci. 2019;96(8):542�
...n and accommodative disturbances in vision are common after mild Traumatic brain injuries. Oculomotor deficits in accommodative and binocular vision dysfunc
9 KB (1,229 words) - 19:28, 4 July 2023
...yered unit of membranous connective tissue that covers the [[Brain Anatomy|brain]] and [[Spinal cord anatomy|spinal cord]]. They envelope the central nervou
...stem<ref name=":0">Thought Co Meninges Available:https://www.thoughtco.com/brain-anatomy-meninges-4018883 (accessed 4.5.2022)</ref>.
9 KB (1,254 words) - 23:21, 27 March 2024
...ion in the form of electrical impulses from the eye to the [[Brain Anatomy|brain]]. Damage to an optic nerve can cause loss of vision. The type of vision l
...erve is really an extension of the central nervous system ([[Brain Anatomy|brain]]). It is not surrounded by Schwann cells with the first sensory bipolar ce
10 KB (1,556 words) - 05:07, 30 March 2022
...t al. [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmech.2021.705653/full Brain Shape Changes Associated With Cerebral Atrophy in Healthy Aging and Alzheim
...the pediatric age group, where it carries forward the small volume of the brain into middle age. It is important to note that some atrophic changes may be
8 KB (1,108 words) - 08:47, 12 March 2024
It supplies 20% of blood to the [[Brain Anatomy|brain]] (mainly hindbrain) along with the [[Internal Carotid Artery|internal caro
...and facet joints where it may be compressed by [[osteophyte]] formation or injury to the [[Facet Joints|facet joint.]]
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[[Injury Patterns in Disasters and Conflicts]]
[[Rehabilitation of Acquired Brain Injury in Disasters and Conflicts]]
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|Traumatic Brain Injury Programme
== Introduction to Traumatic Brain Injury course - October 2019 ==
12 KB (1,514 words) - 18:10, 1 March 2024
...iegas DB, Held K, Wagner P. Cognitive Impairment Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2002 Jan;4(1):43–57.</ref> Domains of cogniti
...nd slowness of information processing after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2004 Mar;18(3):257–72.</ref>
12 KB (1,649 words) - 11:21, 18 August 2022
...mb|620x620px|Therapeutic Potential of Neurotrophins for Repair After Brain Injury]]
...of BDNF and exercise intensity in humans with [[Spinal Cord Injury|spinal injury]].
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...omplex process that depends on sensory organs, [[Neurone|nerves]], and the brain<ref name=":0" />.
...tic development and its connections to older, subconscious portions of the brain (olfactory cortex and its' connections to the limbic system, which is impor
7 KB (1,067 words) - 18:20, 2 January 2021
...:Alzheimer's disease brain comparison.jpg|499x499px|alt=|thumb|Alzheimer's brain comparison]]
...h or caused later by environmental factors such as [[Brain Anatomy|brain]] injury, mental illness, and neurological disorders. Not every elderly will have a
10 KB (1,327 words) - 13:25, 3 September 2023
...ion of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), peripheral blood cells infiltration, brain edema, and the discharge of numerous immune mediators including chemotactic
...f secondary injury and their contribution to the severity of the secondary injury might vary.
17 KB (2,302 words) - 17:48, 3 November 2022
...o assist clinicians in making return to play decisions following mild head injury.
...disease]], [[Multiple Sclerosis (MS)|multiple sclerosis]], traumatic brain injury, blast exposure in the military. Blunt trauma to the head can cause persist
8 KB (908 words) - 11:21, 21 April 2023
...agic nature in the cerebral white matter of the premature infant. It is an injury which can lead to deficits of physical, cognitive or behavioral deficits an
...'communication exchange''' between different regions of gray matter in the brain. White matter lies beneath the gray matter and superficial to the spinal co
10 KB (1,380 words) - 07:05, 2 November 2023
...lexes beyond the usual ages of integration is suggestive of ischemic brain injury.
4 KB (468 words) - 04:13, 22 April 2023
...me=":0">Shukla D, Devi BI, Agrawal A. Outcome measures for traumatic brain injury. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery. 2011;113(6):435-41.</ref>
...effectively reflect the complex range of factors affecting traumatic brain injury outcomes. <ref name=":0" />
24 KB (3,184 words) - 11:33, 24 April 2023
[[Neuroplasticity]] refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout
...m, M., & Van Vleet, T. M. Neuroplasticity and clinical practice: Building brain power for health. Frontiers in Psychology, 2014. 5, 1-15.</ref>
13 KB (1,796 words) - 21:45, 15 March 2024
...vere, catastrophic brain injury are more likely to die due to the level of injury and the limited availability of neurosurgery and ventilatory care, rehabili
...ftercare information to patients with mild brain injury or suspected brain injury, including how to recognise the following signs of deterioration. <ref nam
19 KB (2,448 words) - 10:46, 1 June 2022
...sy Introduction|cerebral palsy]], [[Traumatic Brain Injury|traumatic brain injury]], pediatric hypertonia and central nervous system lesions<br>
5 KB (651 words) - 17:45, 3 January 2022
...the ethmoid bone, through its perforations, and reach the [[Brain Anatomy|brain]] where it innervates the olfactory bulb.
* The olfactory cortex are the parts of the brain that receive and process the sensory input.<ref name=":0">Crespo, C., Liber
7 KB (1,020 words) - 17:17, 4 October 2021
...and correlates of the PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 after traumatic brain injury.] Brain injury. 2017 Dec 6;31(13-14):1871-5.</ref>
7 KB (935 words) - 14:24, 30 June 2023
...[https://www.physio-pedia.com/Overview_of_Traumatic_Brain_Injury traumatic brain injuries] (TBI), have several methods of classification, breaking them down
Symptoms included: difficulty concentrating or remembering , brain fog, feeling more emotional or slowed down, irritability or sadness or nerv
5 KB (736 words) - 14:21, 21 August 2023
...he [[Brain Anatomy|brain]] for example, after a [[stroke]], head injury or brain tumor. Aphasia leaves a person unable to communicate effectively with other
...on of language and is often caused by diseases and disorders affecting the brain, with cerebrovascular accident being the most common cause<ref name=":1">Le
12 KB (1,767 words) - 16:27, 19 March 2024
[[File:Spinal Cord Injury Centre.jpeg|thumb|SCI centre]]
Spinal [[shock]] is often a sequel of severe [[Spinal Cord Injury|spinal cord injury (SCI)]], usually resulting from high-impact, direct trauma, the patient wit
7 KB (989 words) - 13:38, 8 January 2023
...e is secreted by the pituitary gland (a small structure at the base of the brain), and helps bone, muscle and organs grow. <ref>Bioserum Not all growth fact
...ing for a speedier return to play following muscle and particularly tendon injury. <ref>Creaney L, Hamilton B. Growth factor delivery methods in the manageme
7 KB (897 words) - 11:06, 18 October 2023
...f>Lathia C, Skelton P, Clift Z, Chapter.7 Early Rehabilitation of Acquired Brain Injuries. Lathia C, Skelton P, Clift Z. [https://resources.relabhs.org/reso
...ng with right-sided weakness and loss of sensation due to left-sided brain injury, indicating likely parietal and frontal lobe involvement with rib pain limi
8 KB (1,176 words) - 10:46, 1 June 2022
pupils with acquired brain injuries in a residential
...njury in Paediatrics|TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury]]) or ABI (Acquired Brain Injury)), with consideration for their strengths and limitations relating to parti
11 KB (1,560 words) - 17:42, 4 September 2023
[[File:Brain .png.jpeg|right|frameless|300x300px]]
[[Brain Anatomy|Brain]] function varies normally as people pass from childhood through adulthood
11 KB (1,611 words) - 23:11, 13 November 2023
...ssing the increase in the population of people leaving with acquired brain injury.
...falls (last accessed 03/09/2019) </ref> Falls tie age with traumatic brain injury in a two-way relationship: [[File:Screenshot 2019-10-24 at 12.09.31.png|t
14 KB (2,041 words) - 09:19, 25 February 2022
[[File:Boxing fighter.jpeg|thumb|Boxing injury]]
...trauma. It is characterised by the accumulation of tau protein within the brain, which leads to cognitive, behavioural, and physical impairments over time.
10 KB (1,419 words) - 19:17, 27 June 2023
...njury or trauma, usually have psychological and emotional response to this injury and mental health issues such [[depression]], [https://www.physio-pedia.co
....com/articles/sc2016135 Self-harm and suicide before and after spinal cord injury: a systematic review.] Spinal Cord. 2017 Jan;55(1):2-7. </ref><ref>Khazem L
10 KB (1,519 words) - 17:07, 4 July 2023
...consciousness and coma” following an [[Traumatic Brain Injury|acute brain injury]]<ref>Teasdale G, Jennett B. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/art
...Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS)], which evaluates persistent disability after brain damage. <ref>Frej M, Frej J. The Glasgow Structured Approach to Assessment
14 KB (1,972 words) - 06:07, 9 November 2022
Concussion is a complex injury that can have far-reaching consequences for an individual, families, and so
...ead injury and mTBI ( [[Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury|Traumatic Brain Injury]]) are used interchangeably in the literature with varying definitions. Her
15 KB (2,231 words) - 12:58, 24 January 2023
...refore, teamwork is one of the most fundamental factors in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation and an essential element of comprehensive patient care and i
...ry intensive outpatient program in treating combat-related traumatic brain injury and psychological health conditions]. Frontiers in neurology. 2021 Jan 18;1
15 KB (1,994 words) - 18:05, 14 November 2022
== Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process ==
...e properly. This leads to an increased amount of K+ in the [[Brain Anatomy|brain.]]
8 KB (1,154 words) - 07:39, 7 October 2023
[[File:PET scan brain.png|right|frameless|409x409px]]
Image 1: PET scan brain
9 KB (1,361 words) - 07:05, 8 April 2021
...connecting the [[Spinal cord anatomy|spinal cord]] and the [[Brain Anatomy|brain]].<ref>Faraguna U, Ferrucci M, Giorgi FS, Fornai F. The functional anatomy
...eurons]] that serve as a major integration and relay center for many vital brain systems to coordinate functions necessary for survival.
6 KB (877 words) - 09:54, 26 April 2022
[[Traumatic Brain Injury - Case Study Part 1]]
=== 2 Months Post Injury ===
4 KB (518 words) - 12:20, 2 March 2022
...and Mobility Scale-a balance measure for individuals with traumatic brain injury. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2006 Oct;20(10):885-95.</ref>.
...dividuals older adults and for persons with [[Traumatic Brain Injury|brain injury]], [[Cerebral Palsy Introduction|cerebral palsy]] or [[stroke]] (including
8 KB (1,098 words) - 02:11, 7 November 2022
...ion (the archaic core of those pathways connecting the spinal cord and the brain)<ref>Faraguna U, Ferrucci M, Giorgi FS, Fornai F. The functional anatomy of
...thing pattern, extension pattern in upper - and lower limbs)<ref name=":0">Brain made simple Rubrospinal tract Available:https://brainmadesimple.com/rubrosp
6 KB (908 words) - 02:40, 26 April 2022
...nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/501342 A practical scale to assess cognition after head injury.] Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1979 Nov.</ref> The GOAT is design
...alveston Orientation and Amnesia Test is primarily used on traumatic brain injury patients with closed head injuries. <ref name=":1" /> Modified versions of
12 KB (1,803 words) - 09:53, 20 May 2022
# Most commonly by a disturbance of the brain or spinal cord (the central nervous system, or CNS), or
# Seldom by an injury to the peripheral nerves.
9 KB (1,206 words) - 16:38, 10 February 2023
Infantile or congenital [[hemiplegia]] refers to brain injuries that occur before or at birth and lead to hemiplegia. Juvenile hem
...legia is the physical manifestation of an injury to a specific area of the brain that controls motor function. Hemiplegia may develop suddenly, or evolve ov
7 KB (991 words) - 02:17, 11 March 2022
* If unable to stand for 5 seconds or less client at greater risk of injury from [[Falls Risk Assessment Tool (FRAT): An Overview to Assist Understandi
* [[Traumatic Brain Injury|Traumatic brain injury]]
5 KB (621 words) - 20:56, 7 April 2023
