...he therapist may refer onto Accident and Emergency, such as in the case of fractures<ref name="Chau">Chau, A. M. T., Xu, L. L., Pelzer, N. R. and Gragnaniello,
...the cervical spine clinicians should screen individuals with neck pain for cervical myelopathy, arterial dysfunction, instability and fracture<ref>Knew WW. [ht
5 KB (687 words) - 11:38, 15 November 2023
'''Developed by the BC Physical Therapy Cervical Spine Rule Advisory Group'''
== 1. Why use the Canadian C-Spine Rule? ==
3 KB (481 words) - 08:47, 17 April 2015
The first vertebra of the Cervical spine is also called the [[atlas]]. The atlas has in contrast to the other verteb
...jury but it is rare in children, the incidence is only 1,9% to 9,5% of all cervical injuries<ref name="p3">Fracture of the atlas through a synchondrosis of the
7 KB (1,022 words) - 17:46, 2 January 2021
...oid peg) is a protuberance (process or projection) of the [[Axis]] (second cervical vertebra). It exhibits a slight constriction or neck, where it joins the ma
=== Fractures ===
3 KB (480 words) - 17:50, 2 January 2021
...C3540300/ Revisiting the clinical anatomy of the alar ligaments]. European Spine Journal. 2013 Jan;22(1):60-4.</ref>.The alar and [[Transverse Ligament of t
...lexion<ref name=":0" />. Usually alar ligment ruptures occur together with fractures and other ligament injuries after trauma to the craniovertebral junction<re
3 KB (417 words) - 17:12, 16 December 2022
...vertebra) also known as epistropheus forms the pivot upon which the first cervical vertebra (the [[Atlas]]), which carries the head, rotates.<ref>Axis (anatom
...flattened where it articulates with the transverse ligament.<ref>Cervical Spine Anatomy: Overview, Gross Anatomy https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/194
4 KB (638 words) - 13:40, 23 August 2019
=== Head & Cervical Spine ===
...Management of Cervical Spine Stenosis|Surgical & Post-op Management of Cervical Spinal Stenosis]]
5 KB (748 words) - 13:01, 1 March 2022
...MC4836940/ Management of typical and atypical Hangman's fractures.] Global spine journal. 2016 May;6(03):248-56.</ref>
...nal weakened by the foramen transversarium on each side. There is no other cervical bony injury with a Hangman’s fracture.<ref name=":0">T.G. Williams. Hangm
8 KB (1,237 words) - 18:59, 19 November 2023
[[Cervical Anatomy|Cervical]] spine injury (CSI) in children is unique in both the wide anatomic differences an
...ecsei V, Gaebler C. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17297330 Cervical spine injuries in pediatric patients]. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery.
9 KB (1,360 words) - 11:31, 15 November 2023
...>S.K. Demetrios et al. It is time to reconsider the classification of dens fractures: an anatomical approach. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2008;18:189-195 [Level
...espiratory system (diaphragm).<ref>P. Holck et al. Anatomy of the cervical spine. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2010;130:29-32 [Level 1]</ref><ref>K.L. Moore et al
12 KB (1,851 words) - 22:29, 15 June 2020
...wn as the '''joint of Luschka''', and are a unique feature of the cervical spine <ref name=":0">Hartman J. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24453021/ Anatom
...enhub.com/en/library/anatomy/uncovertebral-joints Anatomy, spine and back, spine]. Kenhub; 2020 [cited 2020Sep26]. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.kenhu
10 KB (1,468 words) - 06:11, 30 November 2020
* Significant history (previous fractures or trauma, dental history, bruxism, etc.)
* cervical spine disposition
4 KB (504 words) - 11:29, 10 February 2022
...and reporting in orthopaedic physical therapy: application to the cervical spine. ''journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy'', ''40''(8), 455-463.<
...e Cervical Spine|cervical]] or [[Manipulation of the Lumbar Spine|lumbar]] spine dry needling. The types of adverse responses can vary greatly from mild to
5 KB (641 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
...h.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6630105/#bib0255 Is forward head posture relevant to cervical muscles performance and neck pain? A case–control study.] Brazilian journ
* Stiff upper thoracic spine or rounded upper spine causing cervical spine to hyperextend to see ahead.
8 KB (1,232 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...hey are mid to end-range facet [[Manual Techniques for the Cervicothoracic Spine|joint mobilizations]] that are applied Antero- cranially along the treatmen
* NAGS are used to increase spinal movement in the cervical region and decrease the pain associated with it.<ref>Hussain, S. I., Ahmad,
9 KB (1,277 words) - 19:30, 15 May 2023
*[[Cervical Examination|Cervical Examination]]
*[[Cervical Instability|Cervical Instability]]<br>
4 KB (577 words) - 12:17, 2 August 2021
*[[CPR for Cervical Radiculopathy]]
*[[Canadian c-spine rules]]
3 KB (399 words) - 19:01, 8 March 2024
'''C-Spine Rule Advisory Group (CRAG)'''
...R. [http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/194296 The Canadian C-spine rule for radiography in alert and stable trauma patients.] Jama. 2001 Oct 1
8 KB (1,130 words) - 23:05, 20 February 2022
* Makes upto ~7% of cervical spine fractures
# spine fracture
4 KB (496 words) - 19:32, 7 February 2022
'''C-Spine Rule Advisory Group (CRAG)'''
...rrent awareness, knowledge, and use of the Canadian Cervical Spine Rule (C-Spine Rule) by BC physical therapists was undertaken January 28 - May 15, 2013.
8 KB (1,174 words) - 13:38, 15 February 2022
...ion (whilst paddling) increases the demands on the structures of the upper spine and associated soft tissues.
...nsion in the thoracic, increasing the demands of extension on the cervical spine.
12 KB (1,756 words) - 22:38, 15 June 2020
* Neck pain with radiating pain ([[Cervical Radiculopathy|radicular]]).
* [[Cervical Spondylosis|Degenerative changes]]
7 KB (963 words) - 11:49, 15 November 2023
*[[Ankle & Foot Fractures|Ankle & Foot Fractures]]
*[[Avulsion Fractures of the Ankle|Avulsion Fractures of the Ankle]]
11 KB (1,341 words) - 18:21, 7 December 2023
...osis is an external aid that is used to correct and support the spine. The spine is a complex anatomical structure and is key to our function. It is not pos
* Maintains alignment of spine
18 KB (2,546 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...[[Cervical Radiculopathy|cervical radiculopathy]] or [[Cervical Myelopathy|cervical myelopathy]].
...ve changes in the cervical spine) but can also be the result of traumatic (fractures and instability) and inflammatory conditions or caused by herniated discs o
15 KB (2,175 words) - 11:37, 15 November 2023
'''Os odontoideum''' (OO) is a rare anomaly of the second cervical vertebrae characterised by a separation of a portion of the [[odontoid proc
The classification of the [[odontoid fractures]] is known as the Anderson/Alonzo classification:
12 KB (1,876 words) - 21:45, 20 October 2020
...r occipital nerve.png|thumb|Posterior primary divisions of the upper three cervical nerves.]]
...of the greater occipital nerve. Autopsy study with clinical correlations. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1991 Apr;16(4):475-8</ref> to travel to the scalp and the
9 KB (1,366 words) - 20:31, 11 March 2022
...extends downwards from the [[brainstem]] through the central column of the spine. It is a relatively small bundle of tissue (weighing 35g and just about 1cm
...west border of the first lumbar vertebra. It is enlarged at two sites, the cervical and lumbar region.
12 KB (1,785 words) - 18:31, 17 January 2023
...tissue injuries lacking evidence for fractures.<ref>Bragg KJ, Varacallo M. Cervical Sprain. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK54101
...Severity, Treatment, and Outcomes of Sciatica and Lumbar Spinal Stenosis, Spine.1996;21:2885-2892</ref> There are different grades ranging from I to IV, t
10 KB (1,440 words) - 19:47, 26 December 2023
...ment of acute traumatic central cord syndrome: a narrative review.] Global spine journal. 2019 May;9(1_suppl):89S-97S.</ref>
...w of Epidemiology, Treatment and Prognostic Factors.] JSM Neurosurgery and Spine. 2016;4:1075.</ref>
12 KB (1,608 words) - 18:00, 21 June 2023
[[File:Cervical vertebra.png|right|frameless]]
...d to as [[Cervical Radiculopathy|radiculopathy]] and [[Cervical Myelopathy|cervical spinal myelopathy]] respectively.
17 KB (2,296 words) - 17:40, 17 October 2020
...n the superior [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine and the inferior lumbar spine. It consists of 12 vertebrae that are distinct in shape and function from v
...tched on their superior and inferior surfaces, in the articulated thoracic spine, these notches form the intervertebral foramina for the passage of the thor
13 KB (1,793 words) - 12:44, 27 May 2023
* cervical dystonia,
* cervical myelopathy,
7 KB (917 words) - 19:25, 23 April 2021
...able from:https://www.smn.scot.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Vertebral-fractures-in-children.pdf [Accessed 11/3/2023]. </ref>
=== Cervical spine ===
29 KB (4,213 words) - 11:30, 12 March 2023
...o a compressed nerve root in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic area]] of the spine. This is the least common location for radiculopathy. The symptoms often fo
* The pinched nerve can occur at different areas along the thoracic spine
10 KB (1,299 words) - 12:41, 25 April 2020
...stic Value of the Quebec Classification of Whiplash-Associated Disorders.] Spine. 2001:26(1):36–41.,</ref> It was developed as an objective tool to assist
...orders: Redefining Whiplash and Its Management" by the Quebec Task Force.] Spine. 1998:23(9):1043-1049. </ref>
6 KB (888 words) - 19:20, 31 July 2023
...ed Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine">Ombregt, L. Applied Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine. Chapter 31 In: A System of Orthopaedic Medicine. Elsevier, 2013.</ref>
...shape and is larger than in the thoracic vertebrae but smaller than in the cervical vertebrae.
12 KB (1,649 words) - 22:08, 19 June 2023
...dure that removes a portion of a vertebra called the lamina. It is a major spine operation with residual scar tissue and may result in post-laminectomy synd
...for bilateral decompression and open laminectomy. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine. 2014 Aug 1;21(2):179-86.</ref><ref>Estefan M, GO CW. Laminectomy.</ref>
13 KB (1,759 words) - 14:43, 29 June 2023
[[File:SPINE ANATOMY.jpg|thumb]]
...t can no longer support the weight of the body through that segment of the spine.
13 KB (1,940 words) - 16:55, 2 February 2024
This guide gives a general overview of the anatomy of the thoracic spine. It also includes some facts regarding pathophysiology in this region.
The sagittal plane alignment of the Thoracic spine is on average 35% (normal range is 20° to 50°).<ref name=":2" />
20 KB (2,892 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
*[[Manual Therapy Techniques For The Lumbar Spine]]
* [[The Effectiveness of Manual Therapies on the Thoracic Spine]]
9 KB (1,402 words) - 09:00, 29 June 2023
...ck hump is a postural change that develops in the dorso-[[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] area due to different causes such as postural issues, some diseases, medi
...rvical anatomy]] or more pages on the [[:Category:Cervical Spine - Anatomy|cervical anatomy category]] to understand more of the relevant anatomy.
8 KB (1,138 words) - 07:21, 13 October 2023
[[File:Cervical spine.png|thumb]]
.... [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356370/ Materials for the spine: anatomy, problems, and solutions.] Materials. 2019 Jan 14;12(2):253.</ref>
39 KB (5,879 words) - 07:28, 7 May 2023
...re of the clavicle before a dislocation of the SC joint.<ref>ALLMAN JR FL. Fractures and ligamentous injuries of the clavicle and its articulation. JBJS. 1967 J
Cervical Nerves C3-C4
14 KB (1,878 words) - 11:27, 18 August 2022
...">Giles LGF, Singer KP, Vol.3: Clinical anatomy and management of cervical spine pain. Butterworth Heinemann, 2001, second edition, p.103-104</ref><ref nam
...terior longitudinal ligament is most affected at the level of the thoracic spine <ref name="p4" />.
18 KB (2,537 words) - 14:20, 29 November 2023
...e amount of force transferred from the ground and lower extremities to the spine and upper extremities.<ref name=":2" />
...the internal female genitalia in the female pelvis. See [[The Uterine And Cervical Ligaments]]
11 KB (1,495 words) - 11:51, 23 December 2021
...a are typically distinguished from common sports injuries such as sprains, fractures, and contusions.
If the force applied is strong enough, it can cause fractures in the bones of the skull, potentially leading to the impingement of brain
23 KB (3,617 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...umatic pneumorrhachis: etiology, pathomechanism, diagnosis, and treatment. Spine J. 2011 Feb;11(2):153-7. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.12.010. PMID: 21296300.
...its and a few cases are as a result of stab injuries to the lower cervical spine.<ref>Traumatic pneumorrhachis: 2 cases and review of the literature Hasan K
12 KB (1,525 words) - 11:12, 5 May 2023
...5) suggests that the leading reason to consult an ER for MSK pain includes cervical and lumbar regions. Emergency departments would benefit from an experienced
** [[Canadian C-Spine Rule|Canadian Cervical Spine Rules]]
12 KB (1,611 words) - 13:16, 19 July 2019
Burner’s syndrome is a common injury in contact sports and reflects an upper cervical root injury or a peripheral nerve dysfunction injury. It is a transient ner
...ef>. This significantly narrows the intervertebral foreman at the cervical spine, causing the compression of the nerve root <ref>Bowles DR, Canseco JA, Alex
20 KB (2,818 words) - 16:02, 29 June 2023
...rity of these fractures occur without spinal cord injury. 20 to 40% of the fractures are associated with neurological injuries.
...ury. 2009 Feb 1;40(2):166-72.</ref> Minor trauma can also cause a thoracic spine fracture in individuals who have a condition associated with loss of bone m
27 KB (3,809 words) - 20:48, 17 October 2020
The [[Thoracic Anatomy|Thoracic Spine]] has a complex and often overlooked role within the body. It is a key area
* Should be assessed and treated as a functional unit including not only the spine but the [[Ribs|rib]] cage.
25 KB (3,520 words) - 00:01, 11 December 2020
...ringer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2474-10-39 Pain in the lumbar, thoracic or cervical regions: do age and gender matter? A population-based study of 34,902 Danis
...ditional information on thoracic spine musculature is available [[Thoracic Spine Major Muscles|here]].
24 KB (3,497 words) - 11:31, 18 August 2022
===Clear the Cervical Spine===
...r pain to the shoulder/scapular region. It is imperative that the cervical spine be screened appropriately as it may be contributing to the patient’s clin
23 KB (3,210 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
* Osteochondral Fractures of the capitellum
* Fractures of the Radial Head
22 KB (3,234 words) - 01:34, 22 November 2022
...ontains much of the information needed to rule out red flags and guide the cervical examination.
...ask if they have pain or symptoms in other regions such as their thoracic spine or shoulder.
27 KB (3,834 words) - 11:42, 15 November 2023
...vical Anatomy|cervical]], thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions. The lumbar spine consists of 5 moveable vertebrae (numbered L1-L5). The lumbar vertebrae, as
Typical lumbar vertebrae have several features distinct from those typical of cervical or thoracic vertebrae.<ref name=":0" />
23 KB (3,511 words) - 09:38, 12 January 2022
...part of the ventral ramus of the 1st thoracic nerve. Branches from the 4th cervical and the 2nd thoracic ventral ramus may contribute. <ref name=":9" />
...achial nerve.<ref name="Stanley">Hoppenfeld S. Physical Examination of the Spine and Extremities. CTI Reviews 2014.</ref>
20 KB (2,786 words) - 00:15, 24 March 2024
...Cervical osteoarthritis can also be referred to as [[Cervical Spondylosis|cervical spondylosis]].<br>
...MRI of the Cervical Spine showing degenerative changes.jpg|center|Cervical spine MRI showing degenerative disc disease, osteophytes, and osteoarthritis of C
22 KB (3,082 words) - 11:36, 15 November 2023
...etching (neuropraxia,), tearing (called “avulsion” when the tear is at the spine, and “rupture” when it is not), or scarring (neuroma) of the brachial p
# Avulsion, in which the nerve is severed from the spine.
7 KB (1,072 words) - 16:51, 9 May 2023
...ignificance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries]. spine. 1983 Nov 1;8(8):817-31.</ref>
...ma focused on the middle column was sufficient to cause instability in the spine. The instability was further categorized into three types:
38 KB (5,553 words) - 15:40, 20 March 2024
...ruk et al. The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields in the treatment of cervical osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Rheumato
...joints: analysis of the management of 108 cases, journal of neurosurgery: spine, Jun 2010 / Vol. 12 / No. 6 / Pages 592-601 (level of evidence 2B)</ref><re
30 KB (4,401 words) - 15:01, 23 August 2019
...tlanto-occipital joint|atlanto-occipital]] and [[Atlanto-axial joint|upper cervical joints]] and perceived in one or more regions of the head and/or face.<ref
...headache type that is hypothesized to originate due to nociception in the cervical area. <ref name="IHS">Headache Classification Subcommittee of the Internati
27 KB (3,832 words) - 11:35, 15 November 2023
When assessing the strength of the cervical spine and upper limb muscles, clinicians should consider various factors that can
...isorder, is linked to a heightened risk of adverse outcomes such as falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality<ref>Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J,
11 KB (1,587 words) - 01:18, 20 March 2024
...e [[Facet Joints|facet joints]] (also termed zygapophyseal joints) of the spine become a source of [[Pain Behaviours|pain]].
* 55% of facet syndrome cases occur in [[Cervical Vertebrae|cervical vertebrae]], and 31% in [[Lumbar Vertebrae|lumbar]].<ref name="p4">Varlotta
23 KB (3,369 words) - 08:28, 15 June 2021
...is. <ref name=":1">Binder AI. [https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39127.608299.80 Cervical spondylosis and neck pain.] BMJ. 2007 Mar 8;334(7592):527-31.</ref> Common
...neck pain in Australian office workers: a 1-year longitudinal study.] Eur Spine J. 2009 Oct;18(10):1532-40.</ref>
27 KB (3,777 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
...rare, benign osteoblastic (bone) tumor that most commonly develops in the spine, sacrum, long bones, and flat bones. Benign tumors do not spread to various
*Scoliosis of the spine<ref name="p1" /><ref name="p2" /><ref name="p3" />
10 KB (1,424 words) - 04:00, 31 July 2019
...orrelation between postural dysfunction of the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]] and TMD. There are numerous other conditions that can cause [[Pain Mechan
==== '''2. Cervical Postural Disorders ''' ====
26 KB (3,849 words) - 15:15, 7 May 2024
* Non-healing fractures<ref name=":0" />
* Always examine the spine (referred pain commonly goes undiagnosed)<ref name=":0" />
7 KB (908 words) - 14:39, 31 May 2020
*upper thoracic spine mobility stretch
** decreased cervical lordosis
16 KB (2,203 words) - 13:54, 15 June 2023
...nt. The doctor recommended routine labs and had had x-rays done showing no fractures. The lab values (CBC, CMP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) were all normal.
Objective: <br>Body pain diagram: pain noted cervical spine, bilateral shoulders, low back, bilateral hips, bilateral knees<br>VAS: 8/1
11 KB (1,540 words) - 22:08, 13 October 2020
..., Kavishwar RA, Shetty AP, Shanmuganathan R. Spondylolysis of the Thoracic Spine with Instability: A Rare Cause for Myelopathy. JBJS Case Connector. 2022 Ja
...il 20 years.<ref name="Elien 4">Fast A., Goldsher D., Navigating The Adult Spine, Demos Medical Publishing, 2007, p. 55.</ref> There is, however, no change
14 KB (1,923 words) - 13:19, 30 June 2023
...ysiother. 2021 Mar 15;11(1):7. </ref> and it is the most common issue that spine surgeons evaluate.<ref name=":1">Berry JA, Elia C, Saini HS, Miulli DE. A r
* trauma: fractures
16 KB (2,431 words) - 01:38, 27 February 2024
...sy]) and prolonged elbow flexion. It can also occur from trauma, swelling, fractures, and vascular and bony pathologies/abnormalities.
...unknown; however ulnar neuropathy has been documented after distal humeral fractures and in up to 10% of elbow dislocations, and may also develop from any compl
12 KB (1,755 words) - 14:27, 12 April 2021
...es of the Neck Prior to Musculoskeletal Intervention: International IFOMPT Cervical Framework. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2023; 53(1) :
== Anatomy of Cervical Spine ==
36 KB (5,235 words) - 12:52, 15 February 2023
...BE. [https://academic.oup.com/ptj/article-lookup/doi/10.2522/ptj.20060272 Cervical dystonia: disease profile and clinical management]. Phys Ther 2007;87(11):1
...name="Camargo">Camargo C, Teive H, Becker N, Baran M, Scola R, Werneck L. Cervical dystonia: clinical and therapeutic features in 85 patients. Arq Neuropsiqui
24 KB (3,444 words) - 20:20, 23 March 2021
...ft tissues where adjacent spinous processes in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] rub against each other.<ref name=":4">Radiopedia. Basstrup Syndrome. Avai
...Baastrup's disease as a cause of neurogenic claudication: a case report]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003 Jul 15;28(14):E273-5.</ref>
15 KB (2,086 words) - 19:53, 26 February 2024
The spinal column is comprised of 33 Vertebra; 7 [[Cervical Vertebrae]], 12 [[Thoracic Vertebrae]], 5 [[Lumbar Vertebrae]], 5 Fused Sac
* Non-traumatic causes (16%) secondary to disease, infection and [[Congenital Spine Deformities|congenital]] defects.
29 KB (4,219 words) - 12:08, 2 February 2024
...for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care. European Spine Journal. 2010;19(12):2075-94.</ref> and neck pain,<ref>Childs, J.D., Clelan
...sociated with smoking, can also lead to increased mechanical stress on the spine
27 KB (3,864 words) - 11:24, 29 August 2023
* clavicular (collarbone) injuries and [[Clavicular Fracture|fractures]]
|[[Sternal fracture|Sternal fractures]]
30 KB (4,397 words) - 13:25, 30 July 2023
...is is described as an excessive antero-posterior curvature of the thoracic spine of greater than 40°.<ref name=":3">Fon GT, Pitt MJ, Thies Jr AC. Thoracic
...accepted thresholds for defining either hyperkyphosis or “normal” thoracic spine changes associated with aging<ref name=":0">Kado DM, Prenovost K, Crandall
23 KB (3,199 words) - 06:59, 30 April 2020
...an be difficult to fit their saddles as they tend to ”run out” of thoracic spine.
...- this means that the horse is more prone to carpal arthrosis, carpal chip fractures and injuries to the check ligaments
38 KB (5,860 words) - 22:00, 4 January 2023
...a [[Myotomes|myotome]].<br>The spinal column is divided into four regions: Cervical (7 vertebrae), thoracic (12 vertebrae), lumbar (5 vertebrae), and sacral (5
* [[Cervical Examination|Cervical]] level lesions are associated with quadriplegia.
23 KB (3,353 words) - 02:16, 8 August 2023
...in the 13-17 year old age group tend to have more injuries of the pelvis, spine, and chest <ref name="SS" />.
| Traumatic injuries, Upper Extremity Injuries and Fractures
21 KB (3,129 words) - 19:34, 4 July 2023
...t: <nowiki>https://www.jeremysmithmd.com/cervicogenic-headache-orthopaedic-spine-surgeon-orange-irvine-ca.html</nowiki>
...ts, contact sport injuries causing neck injury, and falls leading to upper cervical structural damage. <ref name=":1">Page P. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc
35 KB (4,739 words) - 19:29, 4 July 2023
...ology, such as [[Cauda Equina Syndrome|cauda equina syndrome]], cancer, or fractures. When considering prevalence, there are a few things to keep in mind:<ref>G
...ients experiencing lumbar radiculopathy include mobilisation of the lumbar spine, mobilisation of the nerves, or manipulation. Always check for [[Spinal Man
24 KB (3,346 words) - 01:19, 3 April 2024
...dysfunction at these joints are a source of referred pain at the thoracic spine, with suggested involvement of the costotransverse joint concerning [[T4 Sy
* Fractures
35 KB (5,073 words) - 17:45, 1 March 2023
* '''Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression''' - symptoms include spine pain with band-like referral, gait changes and escalating pain.<ref name=":
* '''[[Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures|Insufficiency fracture -]]''' sudden onset of pain, most commonly in the th
16 KB (2,361 words) - 10:00, 23 November 2022
...ormed by intercommunications among the ventral rami (roots) of the lower 4 cervical nerves (C5-C8) and the first thoracic nerve (T1).<br>The brachial plexus is
...hic brachial plexus injury: A complication of delayed fixation of clavicle fractures.". Bone Joint J 95–B (1): 106–10.</ref> During the delivery of a baby,
22 KB (3,271 words) - 00:23, 10 March 2024
...019300743 Posterior interosseous nerve palsy after closed proximal forearm fractures]. Trauma Case Reports [Internet] 2019;23:100240. Available from: <nowiki>ht
...seous nerve palsy from [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Cervical_Radiculopathy cervical radiculopathy]. The clinical presentation of posterior interosseous nerve s
24 KB (3,324 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...lus fibrosis of the intervertebral discs, and the apophyseal joints of the spine.<ref name="p1" />
...the inflammation can lead to new bone formation of the spine, causing the spine to fuse in a fixed position often creating a forward stooped posture.<ref n
31 KB (4,448 words) - 03:36, 3 September 2023
...al Anatomy|cervical]] spine and rarely, except for trauma, in the thoracic spine.<ref name=":1" />
...ation and factors related to anterolisthesis and retrolisthesis.] Clinical Spine Surgery. 2002 Apr 1;15(2):93-9.</ref>
34 KB (4,705 words) - 17:14, 29 February 2024
...njury]]. [[CT Scans|CT scanning]] is essential for diagnosis as this shows fractures of facial bones more reliably than plain [[X-Rays|X-ray]], and also shows s
...(3):209-14.</ref>, and some have co-existing [[Spinal Cord Injury|cervical spine injury]]<ref name=":0" />[[Spinal Cord Injury|.]]
17 KB (2,598 words) - 18:55, 17 January 2023
...Pulmonary outcomes following specialized respiratory management for acute cervical spinal cord injury: a retrospective analysis. Spinal cord. 2017 Jun;55(6):5
...acic trauma are a predictor of respiratory complications. Individuals with cervical and higher thoracic spinal cord injuries are more likely to develop respira
30 KB (4,122 words) - 20:12, 16 August 2022
...national Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region for potential of Cervical Arterial Dysfunction prior to Orthopaedic Manual Therapy Intervention]. Rus
...for Assessing Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency in the Management of Cervical Spine Disorders]. Rivett D, Shirley D, Magarey M, Refshauge K (2006). Australian
15 KB (2,156 words) - 14:54, 5 November 2023
...f the patients' pain, there are common clinical features such as decreased cervical range of movement, weakness, pain on palpation and the presence of trigger
...d may not apply for the population who uses wheelchair temporary (i.e. for fractures or post-surgery recovery).
32 KB (4,829 words) - 22:43, 17 August 2020
* Fractures
** Machine size limits scans to mid-radius and tibia and upper mid-cervical, spine and head
21 KB (2,990 words) - 19:46, 4 January 2023
#* Bone: fractures
...ths after treatment and are not as common. Radiation to the cervical spine may result in subacute [[myelopathy]] (Lhermitte's sign). Radiation t
17 KB (2,384 words) - 18:59, 8 March 2024
...ptoms are coming from the [[Overview of Cervical Spine Assessment|cervical spine]].
...le articular fractures are more common in adults aged over 50 years. Elbow fractures in younger adults tend to be caused by high-energy injuries (e.g. motor veh
28 KB (4,117 words) - 12:27, 28 April 2024
Axial spondyloarthritis is a seronegative [[spondyloarthritis]] of the spine and pelvis. The term axial spondyloarthritis has only been used since 2009
...spine an appearance similar to bamboo, hence the alternative name "bamboo spine".
34 KB (4,865 words) - 11:38, 14 October 2023
...groups in the lower extremities. The muscles evaluated represent the major cervical and lumbar myotomes.
..., De Jesus O. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562204/ Thoracolumbar spine fracture]. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Aug 30. StatPearls Publishing.</ref
30 KB (4,567 words) - 00:08, 31 July 2023
...educe the risk of severe Traumatic injuries, which tend to come with skull fractures, bleeding, and other structural injuries. It's the brain moving inside of t
Mouthguards should be used to prevent dental injuries, facial and skull fractures but at this time there are no mouth guards that prevent an athlete from sus
34 KB (5,029 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
* Pathologic fractures without successful treatment of the underlying pathology (e.g. severe osteo
* Unstable spine or joints including unstable internal hardware
19 KB (2,612 words) - 12:24, 21 August 2023
...f-the-elbow-and-shoulder/</ref>The most common injuries of elbow joint are fractures and dislocations which usually heal well. But, these injuries cause problem
*Referred pain from cervical spine
11 KB (1,611 words) - 03:40, 3 September 2023
...d, or manipulated by closed reduction for major dislocation and [[Fracture|fractures]], or otherwise altered by any mechanical, thermal, light-based, electromag
...an Section|caesarean]] section may have an epidural (an injection into the spine that numbs the body from the waist down).
23 KB (3,296 words) - 23:10, 22 February 2021
...ing the effectiveness of [[Manual Therapy|manual therapy]] on the thoracic spine may improve patient’s symptoms when suffering from thoracic and/or referr
There are various common disorders in the thoracic spine, the most common;
46 KB (6,453 words) - 13:01, 1 March 2022
...="Micheli and Wood 1995">El-Sayed A, Cervoni-Rosario B, Harrast MA. Lumbar spine. In: Krabak BJ, Brooks A, editors. The Youth Athlete. Elsevier; 2023. p. 35
* Acute traumatic fractures.
55 KB (7,921 words) - 07:07, 30 August 2023
...n of the raphe between supraspinatus and infraspinatus around the scapular spine. The anterior portion of the supraspinatus is composed of a long and thick
* Cervical Disc Injuries
29 KB (4,126 words) - 16:59, 2 August 2023
...and severity of acute complications after spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg Spine. 2012;17(Suppl):119–28.</ref><ref>Casha S, Christie S. A systematic revie
...Earthquakes suggesting greater than 70% underwent surgery to stabilize the spine following spinal cord injury, while 75% underwent surgical stabilization in
38 KB (5,328 words) - 01:54, 3 June 2022
...radiculopathy focus on characteristics and differential diagnosis]. Asian Spine Journal. 2020 Dec;14(6):921.</ref>
* Fractures
21 KB (2,976 words) - 11:48, 18 August 2022
...in a car door, a sprained ankle, non-specific low back pain or neck pain, fractures.
* People often get this type of pain when they have shingles, sciatica, cervical or lumbar radiculopathy, trigeminal neuralgia, or diabetic neuropathy.
15 KB (2,182 words) - 15:07, 20 December 2023
...n can also cause similar symptoms. It is important to examine the cervical spine and the radial nerve both proximal and distal to the elbow. It has been pos
...nterosseous branch while the main branch of the radial nerve is injured in fractures of the humeral shaft. Signs and symptoms of radial neuropathy depend upon t
16 KB (2,409 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...ior vertebral defect only without a meningeal sac; location: lumbar-sacral spine; usually asymptomatic but can be associated with occult spinal dysraphism;
...into a meningeal sac; location: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and/or sacral spine; motor deficits are less likely than with myelomeningocele; structural brai
39 KB (5,855 words) - 12:33, 9 May 2024
|Pars interarticularis stress fractures
|Rowing<ref>D'Ailly PN, Sluiter JK, Kuijer PP. Rib stress fractures among rowers: a systematic review on return to sports, risk factors and pre
25 KB (3,844 words) - 17:43, 2 October 2023
...amin D insufficiency. Down syndrome patients usually have osteoporosis and fractures as a result of this deficiency.
...at Down syndrome was associated with low Bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine. Lack of physical exercise, low muscle strength, insufficient exposure to t
14 KB (2,097 words) - 14:13, 2 February 2024
* Unstable health conditions (unstable spine, [[Fracture|fractures]])
...mplanted Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation systems for individuals with cervical spinal cord injuries: clinical case reports. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996 No
16 KB (2,171 words) - 00:33, 14 February 2023
...ith other injuries, often complex and most frequently associated with limb fractures. In many cases, these associated injuries need to be stabilised prior to th
...ankle. Lumbosacral plexus branches are injured in less than 3% of pelvic fractures; and in 10% to 13% of posterior dislocations of the hip. <ref name=":3" />
52 KB (7,519 words) - 11:45, 3 August 2022
...Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) plus upper cervical spine mobilization on forward head posture and swallowing function in stroke pati
* Unstable pelvic or long bone fractures
42 KB (5,663 words) - 14:06, 3 September 2023
...eatment of common injuries. Chronic ankle pain, acute and chronic sprains, fractures, tears and inflammation may result from routine daily activities or profess
...ment system impairment syndromes of the extremities, cervical and thoracic spine St.Louis, MO (USA): Elsevier Mosby; 2011:p.439-482</ref>
28 KB (4,166 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...inflammatory, sero-negative arthritic condition that typically affects the spine and the sacroilliac (SI) joints. Common clinical presentations of this dise
* Increased risk of [[osteoporosis]] and spinal fractures
36 KB (5,296 words) - 20:03, 27 February 2023
...is >50, consider osteoarthritis ([[Osteoarthritis|OA]]), referred cervical spine pain. In a study by Nirschl, <ref name=":21">Nirschl R. Tennis elbow. Ortho
#[[Fracture|Fractures]]
46 KB (6,778 words) - 21:11, 29 March 2024
** Recurrent fractures
*Headaches related to muscle tension in cervical spine and TMJ dysfunction
20 KB (2,838 words) - 14:49, 30 July 2023
...icles/sc201099#citeas Extent of spontaneous motor recovery after traumatic cervical sensorimotor complete spinal cord injury]. Spinal Cord 2011; 49: 257–265.
* The lower the level of cervical injury, the higher percentage of recovery: 85% of patients with C6 SCI will
33 KB (4,742 words) - 11:27, 18 August 2022
...d [[elbow]], as well as bony compression from spurs or previous [[Fracture|fractures]].
..., Gazzeri G, Zuccarello M, Taha J. Cubital tunnel surgery in patients with cervical radiculopathy: double crush syndrome?. Neurosurg Rev. 2009;32(4):471-478.</
38 KB (5,582 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...1 Sep 1;31(230):548-52.</ref> Examples are conditions such as asthma, bone fractures, tendinosis or multiple sclerosis.
...e my mattress or office chair is faulty, maybe there is a problem with the spine?'')
23 KB (3,347 words) - 23:01, 8 January 2023
...li">Ali FE, Al-Bustan MA, Al-Busairi WA, Al-Mulla FA, Esbaita EY. Cervical spine abnormalities associated with Down syndrome. International Orthopaedics 200
...contractures, spinal deformities (such as scoliosis), an increased risk of fractures, loss of function, breathing difficulties and an increased likelihood of su
39 KB (5,661 words) - 22:25, 10 May 2024
...tion|cervical disc]], [[Stroke|CVA]], [[Proximal Humerus Fractures|humerus fractures]], [[Parkinsons Disease|Parkinson’s disease]])
...ondition with frozen shoulder is neck pain, mostly derived from overuse of cervical muscles to compensate the loss of shoulder motion<ref name=":0" />
71 KB (10,477 words) - 17:00, 30 June 2023
...ed with an increased likelihood of adverse outcomes like falls, [[Fracture|fractures]], physical disability and mortality.<ref name=":1" /> Sarcopenia is consi
...curl or Romanian deadlift; deadlift with caution in elderly patients with spine issues)
42 KB (5,944 words) - 17:57, 26 February 2023
...demonstrate and quantify bony abnormalities including glenoid bone loss or fractures, glenoid version and humeral head abnormalities. Adding contrast and perfor
...on the scapula so that the fingers and thumb secure the [[scapula]] at the spine of the scapula and the coracoid. The patient’s arm is pulled anteriorly t
36 KB (5,038 words) - 10:50, 9 January 2023
...age, exercises that help to maintain mobility of the cervical and thoracic spine, as well as isometric exercises in standing can be introduced. Active movem
.... Dental x-ray plates often allow for better visualisation of toe/sesamoid fractures.
39 KB (5,749 words) - 11:31, 18 August 2022
