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.../science/article/abs/pii/S1547412707000072 The management of flail chest]. Thoracic surgery clinics. 2007 Feb 1;17(1):25-33.</ref>It can occur when 3 or more [ * [[Thoracic Anatomy|Thoracic]] epidural

...n they happen in the upper part of the aorta, in the chest, it is called a thoracic aortic aneurysm. [[File:Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm.png|right|frameless|399x399px]]

It is innervated by the dorsal rami of the upper thoracic and lower cervical spinal nerves.<ref name=":1" />

...ey RA. Physiotherapy for enhanced recovery in thoracic surgery. Journal of Thoracic Disease [Internet]. 2016 Feb 1;8(Suppl 1):S107–10. / ...ng.<ref>Li WWL, Lee TW, Yim APC. Shoulder function after thoracic surgery. Thoracic Surgery Clinics. 2004 Aug;14(3):331–43.

...ue originally developed by Blanch that involves a synchronized movement of thoracic extension, [[Glenohumeral Joint|glenohumeral joint]] (GHJ) flexion, scapula * shoulder (glenohumeral joint and scapulo-thoracic joint) and thoracic spine flexibility. <ref name=":0" />

* 11th and 12th [[Thoracic Vertebrae|thoracic vertebrae]], Dorsal rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal [[Neurone|nerves]] (T7 to L3)<ref name="p3">Iliocostalis

...at cover the [[Back Muscles|back muscles]] in the lower [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and lumbar area before passing through these muscles to attach to the [[s ...lly manifests as tightness, [[spasticity]] and increased tone in the lower thoracic spine and lumbar spine / paraspinal regions causing severe [[Pain Behaviour

...rior scalene muscle,]] passes over the dome of the pleura and enters the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] posterior to the subclavian vein. The right and left phren ...al pleura and can be injured while dissecting near the area of an internal thoracic artery.

...bit visible lateral rib expansion and no visible superior migration of the thoracic cage.<ref name=":0" />

* The [[sternum]] is a flat bone, located in the center of the anterior thoracic wall. It consists of three segments; manubrium (uppermost part) * Patients with severe thoracic kyphosis, [[Osteoporosis disease|osteoporosis]], or osteopenia can develop

...ed [[bone]] placed on the postero-lateral aspect of the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] cage. It has 2 surfaces, 3 borders, 3 angles and 3 processes<ref>The Skel ...rotate, while the clavicle must elevate, retract and posteriorly roll. The thoracic spine must extend. The muscle synergists for upward rotation are the upper

...w.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.201303-0437ST An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: exercise-induced bronchoconstriction]. According to American Thoracic Society /European Respiratory Society guidelines, FEV1 maneuvers are record

== Thoracic Spine == === Thoracic Active ROM ===

...Bryan JM. Dysfunction, evaluation, and treatment of the cervical spine and thoracic inlet (1994). Donatelli R, Wooden MJ (Eds.), Orthopaedic Physical Therapy (

...03-520.pdf Etiology and management of spontaneous haemothorax]. Journal of thoracic disease. 2015 Mar;7(3):520.</ref> ...<ref>Lowdermilk GA, Naunheim KS. Thoracoscopic evaluation and treatment of thoracic trauma. Surg Clin North Am 2000;80: 1535e42.</ref> Patients who present wit

...nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531500/]</ref> Usually, the eighth cervical and first thoracic nerves are injured either before or after they have joined to form the lowe ...ttps://www.hindawi.com/journals/scientifica/2014/248163/abs/ Understanding thoracic outlet syndrome.] Scientifica. 2014 Jul 20;2014.</ref>.

Long Thoracic C5-C6-C7&nbsp; | rowspan="2" align="center" width="25%" | Long Thoracic C5-C6-C7

...ed by the compression of neurovascular structures as they pass through the thoracic outlet, leading to a spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild pain to limb-th ...nor RJ, Brasher PM, Travlos A. Botulinum toxin injection for management of thoracic outlet syndrome: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Pain. 2011 S

...nsists of the surrounding bony structures ([[Ribs|rib]] cage, cervical and thoracic spine, upper pelvic area) as well as the [[Muscles of Respiration|muscles o ...ally ventilated patients without pneumonia—a narrative review.] Journal of thoracic disease. 2017;9(1): E44. DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.01.32  </ref>  

...ht [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spinal nerve pairs, 12 [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] pairs , five [[lumbar]] pairs, five [[Sacrum|sacral]] pairs, and one cocc

...er adults and can be described as an exaggerated anterior curvature of the thoracic spine that is associated with aging<ref name="Jang et al." /> * Anterior curvature of the thoracic spine is normal and present due to the shape of the vertebral bodies and in

...ogue scale, pulmonary function and medication.] European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2012 Apr 1;41(4):861-8.</ref> and improvement in cognitive functio ...ous electrical nerve stimulation after thoracic operations.] The Annals of thoracic surgery. 1997 Mar 1;63(3):773-6.</ref>

* In cervical and high thoracic SCI lesions, the synergy between [[Sympathetic Nervous System|sympathetic]] ...(associated with [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] and high [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] spine injury); occurs at anytime from the onset of injury, frequently fol

3. Inteventions aimed at the thoracic spine and ribs have been used to treat: ...><ref>Strunce JB, Walker MJ, Boyles RE, Young BA. The immediate effects of thoracic spine and rib manipulation on subjects with primary complaints of shoulder

...; Arms bend at elbow or sway excessively forward - Potential Dysfunction: Thoracic or Shoulder mobility ...xcessively flexes for extends - Potential Dysfunction, hip mobility and/or thoracic mobility<ref>Webexercises [https://blog.webexercises.com/the-squat-assessme

...ory, examination of active and passive movement (shoulder, cervical spine, thoracic spine), neurological exam, special tests, and palpation should be performed * Spinal manipulation to cervical and thoracic spine

...anteriorly with the thumbs over the spinous or transverse processes of the thoracic spine on both sides. The clinician looks for pain or hypomobility /hypermob

...istance, photographically derived trunk flexion angle, and inclinometric [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis]] measure)<ref name=":3" />. It has also shown the ability t ...ormative data using a seated TWT<ref>Finsback C, Mannerkorpi K. Spinal and thoracic mobility-age-related reference values for healthy men and women. Nordisk fy

, [[Degenerative Disc Disease]], [[Thoracic Radiculopathy]] and/or [[Thoracic Disc Syndrome]]. See [[Lumbar Assessment|Lumbar]] [[Thoracic Examination|Thoracic]] and [[Cervical Examination|Cervical]] Examination links.

...id=30774207&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pmc t of forward head posture on thoracic shape and respiratory function]. Journal of physical therapy science. 2019; * Thoracic Kyphosis is a complication of the combination of slouched-forward shoulders

* Inadequate extension in the thoracic, increasing the demands of extension on the cervical spine. ...lder and upper back. Often this will include mobilisation of a stiff upper thoracic segment.

...ntroduces the anatomy of the canine front limb, also known as forelimb and thoracic limb. [[File:Canine thoracic limb lateral view.jpeg|left|thumb]] [[File:Canine bonnes of left forelimb.j

...egory:Thoracic Spine - Anatomy]] [[Category:Shoulder - Joints]] [[Category:Thoracic Spine - Joints]]

...ts, there was a benefit compared to control for using multiple sessions of thoracic manipulation for reducing pain over the immediate and short term". == Thoracic Spine ==

...[[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] region and lowest in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] region. The spinal cord (similar to the brain) is protected by three laye ...spinal cord'''.'''  It consists of seven [[Cervical Vertebrae]], twelve [[Thoracic Vertebrae]], five [[Lumbar Vertebrae]], five Sacral (fused in adults to for

...https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24295654/ Trachea: anatomy and physiology. Thoracic surgery clinics]. 2014 Feb 1;24(1):1-5.</ref> At the level of the fifth [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic vertebra]], the trachea divides into the left and right main bronchi. The r

*NAGs are used for the cervical and upper thoracic spine. ...Gs, and it can be applied to the facet joints between 2nd cervical and 3rd thoracic vertebrae.

[[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|Spinal nerves T7 to T12]] (ventral rami)&nbsp;. T7 innervates * Flexion of the trunk (flexion of thoracic and lumber spine), while it works by drawing pubic symphysis and sternum to

[[File:Thoracic grade 2 T6 PA mobilisations.png|right|frameless]] The [[Thoracic Anatomy|Thoracic Spine]] has a complex and often overlooked role within the body. It is a ke

...ll of these conditions must be considered when assessing patients who have thoracic pain. ...horax. Additional information on thoracic spine musculature is available [[Thoracic Spine Major Muscles|here]].

# The long thoracic [[Neurone|nerve]], which arises from C5 to C7 nerve roots of the [[Brachial # Lateral thoracic [[Arteries|artery]], the superior thoracic artery and the thoracodorsal artery.<ref name=":2" /> 

...of her neck. Personal and familial history of hypothyroidism. Cervical and thoracic ROM limited in several directions. ...degrees. Cervical extension 35 degrees. Left cervical rotation 26 degrees. Thoracic spine flexion limited to 10 degrees. Side bending bilaterally limited to 15

...bral discs]], result in a curved and shortened spine and possible</span> [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|poor posture]], leads to pain, reduced mobility, and other mu

#Deep Breathing Exercises or Thoracic Expansion Exercises === Deep Breathing Exercises or Thoracic Expansion Exercises ===

...wer cervical spine. A reproduction of pain or other neural symptoms in the thoracic spine is a positive test. A stretching sensation is normal. # Thoracic flexion

...s syndrome. A systematic review and meta-analysis.] Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 2017 Oct;14(Supplement 4):S304-11.</ref> * Increase intra-thoracic pressure compromising hemodynamic due to reduced venous return and cardiac

...I, Niranjan N, Dogra M. Auscultation of the respiratory system. Annals of thoracic medicine. 2015 Jul;10(3):158.</ref> Mastering auscultation necessitates ref ...mc/articles/PMC4518345/ Auscultation of the respiratory system]. Annals of thoracic medicine. 2015 Jul;10(3):158. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

...c pathologies. This article discusses the key anatomical structures of the thoracic vertebrae and rib cage, including the bony structures, articulations, ligam == Thoracic Spine Structure ==

# Intermediate: attached to the posterior [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] [[Category:Thoracic Spine - Anatomy]]

...manual therapy techniques were supplemented with two general cervical and thoracic mobility exercises. The participants performed these exercises, 10 repetiti

...cic spine of greater than 40°.<ref name=":3">Fon GT, Pitt MJ, Thies Jr AC. Thoracic kyphosis: range in normal subjects. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1980 ...uniform accepted thresholds for defining either hyperkyphosis or “normal” thoracic spine changes associated with aging<ref name=":0">Kado DM, Prenovost K, Cra

...pg|thumb|Figure 1. Thoracic kyphosis. ]][[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|Increased thoracic kyphosis]] (see Figure 1) * Increased thoracic kyphosis

...the costoscalene hiatus.<ref name="p1">Pollak E W. Surgical anatomy of the thoracic outIet syndrome. Surg Gynaec Obstet 1980; 150: 97 - 103</ref>&nbsp;The cost

...egion by redistributing the transmitted forces to the [[Thoracic Vertebrae|thoracic]] spine. ..., Exercise-induced rib stress fractures: potential risk factors related to thoracic muscle co-contraction and movement pattern; Scand J Med Sci 2006; 15:188-19

...OS)?utm_source=physiopedia&utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=ongoing_internal Thoracic outlet syndrome].

The thoracic wall consists of the * 12 thoracic vertebrae posteriorly,

...ible abdominal expansion movement and no visible superior migration of the thoracic cage.<ref name=":0" />

...n patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Canadian Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline.] Can Respir J. 2011 Mar-Apr;18(2):69-7

* Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm * [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome]]

...minates in the medial part of the anterior gray horm of cervical and upper thoracic segments within laminae VI–VII. <ref name="Crossman" /><ref name="Fitzger

*# Abdominal or thoracic surgery<ref>Westwood K, Griffin M, Roberts K, Williams M, Yoong K,Digger T. *# Presence thoracic or Abdominal binders<ref name=":0">Pryor JA, Webber BA. Eds. Physiotherapy

...ribes compression of the neurovascular structures as they exit through the thoracic outlet (cervicothoracobrachial region). .../www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15977087/RK=0/RS=Uf40RaNjGotz6bh_.MJpUN0CVIs- Thoracic outlet syndrome]. Agri: Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi'nin Yayin organidir= The jo

* Cervical thoracic

...t lying prone and head and neck past the edge of the table and the cervico-thoracic junction stabilized ...alignment against gravity. Ensure the shoulder blades are relaxed and the thoracic and lumbar spines are in a neutral posture.  From this position tuck the c

...flexion at the hip and knee requires extreme stabilization at the scapula-thoracic joint.<ref name=":0">Hong J, Barnes MJ, Leddon CE, Van Ryssegem G, Alamar B

...tilt is done while standing by contracting the glute max while keeping the thoracic spine in neutral<ref name=":1" /> ...or low back moves towards Ext./No gluteal activity/compensatory flexion in thoracic spine<ref name=":1" />

...ement. Infants breathe primarily with the diaphragm which sits high in the thoracic ribcage, with each inspiration, it contracts, pushing down on the abdominal Minimal upper to mid-thoracic extension

...ei=33D_Y-b6G8K1ywTR2b-ACw&scisig=AAGBfm0_NiE12NAJ6fxWp2LhTVd1yZ0_wA Canine Thoracic Costovertebral and Costotransverse Joints:] Three Case Reports of Dysfuncti ...rscapular pain], university of johannesburg, 2015 </ref> Together with the thoracic cage, the costovertebral and costotransverse joints provide stability.<ref

...nd flexed lower back, excessive [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphosis]] of the thoracic spine, pulling the bar against the thighs, and excessive extension of the l

...Statement: Key Concepts and Advances in Pulmonary Rehabilitation. American Thoracic Society Documents: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICI

== Cervico-Thoracic == ...s://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/cp94b.pdf Acute Thoracic Spinal Pain] from the Australian Acute Musculoskeletal Pain Guidelines Grou

...oblique and superficial multifidus muscles than does an upright posture of thoracic extension, where there is less lumbar extension and anterior pelvic tilt, l Thoracic restriction of flexion – mid and upper thoracic flexion restriction may also contribute to compensatory increases in lumbar

=== Thoracic Manipulations === The Clinical Practice Guidelines for Neck Pain suggest that thoracic manipulations can benefit patients with neck pain and, specifically that ce

...Spinalis Thoracis|spinalis thoracis]] lying inferiorly in the cervical and thoracic spine. It is not a truly separate muscle, when it exists it consists of occ

You must also rule out the thoracic spine and shoulder. The phenomenon of levator scapulae pain of cervical ori ...ndition, such as neck or shoulder muscle imbalances, postural problems, or thoracic mobility are identified and corrected''' as these are usually the cause inc

[[Category:Thoracic Spine]] [[Category:Thoracic Spine - Anatomy]]

...anglion located at the bottom of the cervical spine in connection with the thoracic spine and is related to the sympathetic nervous system. Invasion of this ma ...ld be the articular mobilisation of the shoulder complex, the neck and the thoracic spine according to the surgeon. Soft tissue mobilisation around the scar (i

* Thoracic kyphosis and forward stoop

<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">[[Image:Sagittal section of the thoracic spine Primal.png|200px|center]]<br> Sagittal Section of the Thoracic Spine

Innervation of the QL is via the twelfth [[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|thoracic nerve]] and the spinal rami of the lumbar [[Spinal Nerves|spinal nerves]].

...er the test requires the subject to lie supine with the cervical and upper thoracic spine in complete flexion to localize rotation to the C1-C2 motion segment.

...like pattern towards the head. Segments that rise as a group may represent thoracic restrictions.<ref name=":1" /> ...: consists of two sinusoid wires coils insulated and placed one around the thoracic (placed around the rib cage under the armpits) and the second(placed aroun

...ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4332049/ Pleura space anatomy. Journal of thoracic disease.] 2015 Feb;7(Suppl 1):S27.</ref> of tissue become inflamed or if th

...rfers: disability, function, flexibility, range of motion and angle of the thoracic and lumbar spine.] ''Fisioterapia e Pesquisa'', ''23''(4), pp.394-401. Av # Inadequate extension in the thoracic and cervical spine increasing the demands of extension on the low back<ref

...Jun 1;20(12):1368-74.</ref> The interexaminer agreement is moderate in the thoracic spine (0.61) and poor in the lumbar spine. <ref name="[21]">Côté P, Kreit

...amus of the 1st thoracic nerve. Branches from the 4th cervical and the 2nd thoracic ventral ramus may contribute. <ref name=":9" /> ...the brachial plexus can occur between the first rib and clavicle (known as thoracic outlet) and below pectoralis minor <ref name=":9">Anatomy.tv | 3D Human Ana

*[[Long Thoracic Nerve|Thoracicus Longus / Long Thoracic Nerve]] *[[Long Thoracic Nerve|Thoracicus Longus / Long Thoracic Nerve]]

* 30-35 degrees of axial rotation occurs to each side of the thoracic spine.<ref>Tsung BY, Evans J, Tong P, Lee RY. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.

...s warranted to determine the extent and nature of the relationship between thoracic manipulation and shoulder pain. This case report indicates manipulations directed to the thoracic spine may be a useful adjunct to pragmatic treatment for patients with shou

# Thoracic spine: 12 vertebrae of the mid-back (T1-T12) '''<u>Thoracic Region:</u>'''

...ary lung cancer adjoining pulmonary bulla]. Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery. 2010 Jun 1;10(6):940-4.Available: https://academic.oup.com/icvts/a

...[[Atlas|C1]] has no corresponding dermatomal area), 12 [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] nerves, 5 [[lumbar]] nerves and 5 [[Sacrum|sacral]] nerves. Each of these | rowspan="3" |Thoracic

...t tissue compliance). In this scenario, the aim of treatment is to improve thoracic extension, especially during the identified provocative activity or activit #'''Scapular positioning techniques''' - If the thoracic procedures do not or only partially alleviate symptoms, then symptom change

...ter than or equal to 5 degrees in 3 or more adjacent vertebral bodies. The thoracic spine is most commonly involved, although involvement can include the thora * The thoracic form is most common and has an apex between T7-T9.

...isorders|Whiplash Associated Disorders]]; [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome]]; [[Sciatica]];[[Cyclist's palsy|Cyclists Palsy]]; [[Doubl

* Diaphragmatic breathing, thoracic expansion exercises, and regular Incentive Spirometry ...75(20)31439-9/fulltext Natural Growth of Left Atrial Myxoma. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery] [Internet]. 2021 Apr 1 [cited 2022 Nov 27];111(4):e275–7. Availa

''Pain below the nuchal line and above the first transverse process of thoracic vertebrae and laterally around the lateral surface of the neck.'' '''''Thoracic back pain syndrome''':''

...towell T, Browne L, Alberini S, St. Cyr. H, Caron T. Short-Term Effects of Thoracic Manipulation on Lower Trapezius Muscle Strength. Journal of Manual & Manip * Open book stretch (to enhance her thoracic mobility)

* [[Thoracic Back Pain|Thoracic pain]] [[Category:Thoracic Spine - Conditions]]

The suprascapular, thoracoacromial, and internal thoracic (mammalian) arteries are the ones that have been found to provide arterial The internal thoracic artery and suprascapular artery branches of the subclavian artery supply bl