...]] (ES) group (the intermediate layer of the intrinsic [[Back Muscles|back muscles]]). The ES is made of three subgroups, with the group divisions occurring b
...muscles, which spinalis belong to, are the most powerful extensors of the spine.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
3 KB (371 words) - 06:32, 4 February 2022
[[File:Muscles of the cervical region intermediate muscles Primal.png|thumb|437x437px]]
...ia Erector Spinae Available:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/erector-spinae-group?lang=us (accessed 4.2.2022)</ref>.
2 KB (309 words) - 06:55, 4 February 2022
[[File:Muscles of the back erector spinae group Primal.png|thumb|442x442px]]
...al column of the [[Erector Spinae|erector spinae]], named the [[Spinalis]] muscles.
2 KB (222 words) - 07:00, 4 February 2022
...acis) based on their superior attachments and location. The erector spinae muscles, including longissimus, are the most powerful extensors of the vertebral co
The tips of transverse process of all thoracic vertebrae and the lower 9 or 10 ribs between the tubercles and angles <ref
2 KB (272 words) - 07:05, 5 February 2022
[[File:250px-Iliostalis.png|thumb|Iliocostalis]]
The [[Iliocostalis]] muscles are the most lateral components of the [[Erector Spinae|erector spinae grou
2 KB (296 words) - 02:37, 6 February 2022
[[File:Semispinalis c.jpg|thumb|Deep back muscles]]
...olved muscles are: [[Back Muscles|back extensor miuscles]] (intrinsic back muscles) aided by [[Latissimus Dorsi Muscle|latissimus dorsi]], [[Quadratus Lumboru
5 KB (662 words) - 02:05, 31 January 2022
[[File:Deep back muscles.png|thumb|Deep muscles of the back.]]
...subgroups: semispinalis, [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]] and [[Rotatores Muscles|rotatores]].
6 KB (817 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...muscle group is a very deep layer of muscles located on either side of the spine.
...spinalis Available: https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/semispinalis-muscle#1<nowiki/>(accessed 2.2.2022)</ref>
4 KB (496 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...with the tendons and muscles, provides a natural brace to help protect the spine from injury.
...https://www.coloradospineinstitute.com/education/anatomy/ligaments-tendons-muscles/ (last accessed 11.5.2020)</ref>.
6 KB (845 words) - 01:32, 8 December 2021
[[File:250px-Longissimus.png|thumb|Longissimus]]
...ilable:https://study.com/academy/lesson/longissimus-muscle-origin-insertion-function.html (accessed 5.2.2022)</ref>:
4 KB (479 words) - 10:29, 15 September 2023
...ion, when both splenius cervicis muscles contract they extend the cervical spine. <ref name=":0">Palastanga, N., & Soames, R. (2012). Anatomy and human move
...Available at: <https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/splenius-cervicis-muscle> [Accessed 26 November 2021].</ref>
2 KB (257 words) - 12:45, 26 November 2021
...es</ref> Often penetrated by the dorsal scapular<ref name=":0" /> and long thoracic nerves<ref name=":1">Bordoni B, Varacallo M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
...https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544222/ Anatomy, Head and Neck, Inter-scalene Triangle]. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Nov 5. StatPearls Publishing
3 KB (443 words) - 14:39, 16 December 2022
It is thicker and broader in the lumbar than in the thoracic region, it merges to thoracolumbar fascia.<ref name=":0" />
*The supraspinous ligament serves as a midline attachment for some important muscles.
3 KB (483 words) - 20:34, 8 September 2019
...he psoas minor muscle in human fetuses. Int J Morphol. 2012 Mar 1;30(1):136-9.</ref> There is limited research on the psoas minor muscle since its prese
...vertebrae. There are two psoas minors, if present, one on each side of the spine.
4 KB (670 words) - 01:10, 1 April 2024
...olumn inferior to the 6th cervical (C6) vertebra and superior to the first thoracic (T1) <ref name=":0" />.
[[File:Vertebra-prominens-grays-illustration.jpeg|right|frameless]]
4 KB (656 words) - 19:01, 8 March 2024
...d intrinsic [[Back Muscles|back muscles]] of the thoracolumbar region. The thoracic nerves also supply some of the areas of skin over the abdomen and axilla.
...s://www.marylandbackandneckpaindoctors.com/symptoms-of-thoracic-spine-nerve-damage/ (accessed 7,2,2022)</ref>.
6 KB (958 words) - 18:59, 8 March 2024
[[File:Muscles of the cervical region intermediate muscles Primal.png|thumb|399x399px|alt=|Top R arrow Spinalis Capitis]]
...tor spinae group is the intermediate layer of the intrinsic [[Back Muscles|muscles of the back]]. The erector spinae consists of three subgroups, with the gro
3 KB (464 words) - 06:34, 4 February 2022
...ces the spine at end of [[Range of Motion|range of motion]] and leaves the spine prone to acute and chronic injuries.
...ngs]], and low back. This exercise also relies on your [[Core Muscles|core muscles]] to assist in the movement.
5 KB (758 words) - 17:55, 29 August 2022
[[File:250px-Iliostalis.png|thumb|400x400px|Iliocostalis]]
...ia Erector Spinae Available:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/erector-spinae-group?lang=us (accessed 6.2.2022)</ref>.
5 KB (736 words) - 02:32, 6 February 2022
...diagnosis with clinical implications. Pain physician. 2016 Aug 1;19(6):363-72.</ref>It consists of long and slender tendons.
[[File:Sagittal section of the cervical spine Primal.png|right|frameless|400x400px]]
2 KB (262 words) - 19:37, 30 March 2021
[[File:Edgar-chaparro-sHfo3WOgGTU-unsplash.jpg|right|frameless|300x300px]]
The [[Back Muscles|muscles of the back]] can be arranged into 3 categories based on their location:
9 KB (1,326 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...eir corresponding [[Thoracic Vertebrae|thoracic vertebrae]], enclosing the thoracic cage from the posterior side.[[File:Gray312.png|Costovertebral articulation
# intra-articular ligament - attaches the intervertebral disc to the ridge in betwee
6 KB (952 words) - 13:30, 9 April 2024
<div class="pp-no-course-suggestions pp-no-article-suggestions"></div>
...hat page. It will look something like this: <br>'''Deep flexor muscles of the forearm Primal.png'''
21 KB (3,064 words) - 18:47, 14 June 2021
...ese muscles are vital for allowing free movement of the spine.[[Image:250px-Iliostalis.png|Iliocostalis lumborum bottom R, iliocostalis dorsi at centre|
...umborum Available: https://www.rehabmypatient.com/lumbar-spine/iliocostalis-lumborum (accessed 1.12.2021)</ref>
6 KB (839 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...cis is one of the four deep cervical flexor muscles (AKA anterior cervical muscles) together with [[Longus Capitis]], [[Rectus Capitis Anterior]] and [[Rectus
...portion arises from the front of the bodies of the first two or three thoracic vertebræ
3 KB (448 words) - 10:23, 22 July 2021
The ribs are the bony framework of the thoracic cavity.
...he main structure of the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] cage protecting the thoracic organs, however their main function is to aid [[Breathing Pattern Disorders
6 KB (901 words) - 11:05, 16 January 2024
[[File:Rotatores.png|thumb|Rotatores: deepest muscles in the transversospinalis group]]
...up]], the deep layer of the intrinsic [[Back Muscles|back muscles]]. These muscles lie between the transverse and spinous processes and are grouped by length
6 KB (794 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
[[File:Muscles back drawing.jpeg|thumb|Drawing Back Muscles |alt=]]
There are three major groups of back [[Muscle|muscles]]:
8 KB (1,054 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...arms in the opposite direction.<ref>[http://morphopedics.wikidot.com/lumbar-rotation#:~:text=Lumbar%20rotation%20can%20be%20preformed,of%20your%20lower%
...ournal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics. 2005 May 1;28(4):238-44.
3 KB (487 words) - 15:59, 29 October 2020
...153016392695/Effect-of-standing-postural-deviations-on-trunk-and-hip-muscle-activity.pdf?origin=publication_detail (last accessed 10.12.2019)</ref>
...a M, Kotwicki T. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5836359/ Non-structural misalignments of body posture in the sagittal plane]. Scoliosis a
8 KB (1,044 words) - 14:03, 21 May 2020
...[[trapezius]] to form parallel bands that pass inferolaterally from the [[Thoracic Vertebrae|vertebrae]] to the medial border of the [[scapula]]. Rhomboi
...J. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534856/ Anatomy, Back, Rhomboid Muscles.] StatPearls [Internet]. 2021 Jul 26. Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go
10 KB (1,387 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...control study.] Brazilian journal of physical therapy. 2019 Jul 1;23(4):346-54. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6630105/#bi
* Stiff upper thoracic spine or rounded upper spine causing cervical spine to hyperextend to see ahead.
8 KB (1,232 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Thoracic Manipulation for Shoulder Dysfunction}}
...study. Journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy. 2014 Jul;44(7):475-87.</ref>
7 KB (993 words) - 18:52, 17 January 2024
...ch provide cushioning between the vertebrae and absorb pressure put on the spine. It is a nearly universal condition in those who reach advanced age, but it
...023, July 12. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/249036-overview]</ref>. Although some people experience no symptoms, others may fee
5 KB (671 words) - 10:30, 14 October 2023
[[File:Muscles of the cervical region multifidus superficial layer Primal.png|thumb|Multif
.../article/S1356-689X(13)00087-8/pdf (accessed 9.2.2022)</ref> Neck extensor muscles needs to control the head (which can weigh an average of 4.5kg), and for th
7 KB (1,075 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...is one of the [[Core Muscles|core]] and [[Paraspinal Muscles|paraspinal]] muscles, is a large and superficial muscle that lies just deep to the [[Thoracolumb
...a Erector Spinae Available: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/erector-spinae-group?lang=us<nowiki/>(accessed 5.3.2022)</ref>
13 KB (1,715 words) - 13:29, 9 April 2024
The Quadratus Lumborum (QL) is the deepest [[Back Muscles|back muscle]] and originates from the [[Ilium|iliac crest]] and inserts on
Innervation of the QL is via the twelfth [[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|thoracic nerve]] and the spinal rami of the lumbar [[Spinal Nerves|spinal nerves]].
7 KB (1,060 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
[[File:Sam-burriss-zHSX9o2 B7Y-unsplash.jpg|right|frameless|375x375px]]
...o a compressed nerve root in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic area]] of the spine. This is the least common location for radiculopathy. The symptoms often fo
10 KB (1,299 words) - 12:41, 25 April 2020
[[File:Sam-burriss-zHSX9o2 B7Y-unsplash.jpg|right|frameless|600x600px]]
...ge P. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19563667?dopt=Abstract Thoracic spine pain in the general population: prevalence, incidence and associated factor
7 KB (983 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
...hold in common the analysis of movement in the body and its effect on the spine. <ref>Functional Soft Tissue Examination and Treatment by Manual Metho
...s of the ELDOA exercises can be described both locally and generally Longer-range secondary effects are also described.
4 KB (551 words) - 07:44, 14 October 2016
[[File:Dead-lifts.png|thumb|Romanian Dead Lift]]
...tionary Romanian Deadlift Available:https://www.yourdictionary.com/romanian-deadlift (accessed 18.2.2022)</ref>. The deadlift is a [[Strength Training|s
7 KB (1,003 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...oney V . [https://www.elsevier.com/books/movement-stability-and-lumbopelvic-pain/9780443101786 Movement, Stability & Lumbopelvic Pain 2nd Edition] . Ph
...ligamentum flavum, causing pretension in the neutral position (interspinous-supraspinous thoracolumbar ligamentous complex)<ref name=":0" />
7 KB (1,004 words) - 12:25, 24 July 2023
<div class="editorbox"> '''Original Editor '''<span style="line-height: 1.5em;">- </span>[[User:Joshua Samuel|Joshua Samuel]]
Scalene are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck: scalenus anterior, scalenus medius and scalenus poster
9 KB (1,366 words) - 21:58, 21 March 2023
...n the superior [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine and the inferior lumbar spine. It consists of 12 vertebrae that are distinct in shape and function from v
...e thoracic vertebrae are medium sized and heart shaped. They are all weight-bearing and generally increase in size from superiorly to inferiorly with an
13 KB (1,793 words) - 12:44, 27 May 2023
...capula]. 2021 Available from: <nowiki>https://www.theskeletalsystem.net/arm-bones/scapula.html</nowiki>. (accessed August 16 2023).</ref>.
The main part of the scapula, the body, consists of a somewhat triangular-shaped flat blade, with an inferiorly pointing apex, referred to as the infe
11 KB (1,564 words) - 13:34, 26 August 2023
...C6006542/ Comparison of core muscle activation between a prone bridge and 6-RM back squats.] Journal of human kinetics. 2018 Jun;62:43. Available: https
...: https://www.healthline.com/health/exercise-fitness/squats-benefits#bottom-line<nowiki/>(accessed 19.2.2022)</ref>.
5 KB (680 words) - 02:02, 20 February 2022
'''Original Editor '''- [http://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Wendy_Walker Wendy Walker]
...Muscles|paraspinal muscles]] from the muscles of the posterior [[Abdominal Muscles|abdominal wall]].
11 KB (1,671 words) - 14:33, 1 September 2023
...-04-10 at 3.26.18 PM.jpg|thumb|256x256px|external and internal intercostal muscles]]
...n their function<ref>https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/intercostal-muscles</ref>.
9 KB (1,391 words) - 16:28, 16 March 2023
Temporo-mandibular joint:<ref name=":1" />
== Canine Spine ==
17 KB (2,488 words) - 06:40, 17 October 2022
'''Original Editor '''- [https://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Chelsea_Mclene Chelsea Mclene]
...bone. It is a congenital overdevelopment of transverse process of cervical spine vertebra<ref>Fliegel BE, Menezes RG. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB
8 KB (1,140 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
We have two serratus muscles: the most commonly known [[Serratus Anterior|serratus anterior muscle]] and
The serratus posterior muscle is an intermediate layer of back muscles, consisting of the serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior infer
6 KB (806 words) - 21:36, 19 April 2024
...Nerves|cranial nerves]]) with a few exceptions eg [[Cervical Anatomy|neck muscles]] are supplied by the spinal nerves.
...nerves Available: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/nerves-innervation-of-the-spine/<nowiki/>(accessed 6.2.2022)</ref>
6 KB (862 words) - 19:00, 8 March 2024
...lateral facet joints transfer loads and guide and constrain motions in the spine due to their geometry and mechanical function<ref>Nicolas V. Jaumard, Willi
...superior facet of the inferior vertebra is rather flat in the cervical and thoracic regions and more convex in the lumbar region. The opposing inferior facet o
9 KB (1,284 words) - 12:22, 29 January 2020
[[File:Latissimus+Dorsi+Origin+Spinous+processes+of+inferior+6+thoracic+vertebrae,+thoracolumbar+fascia,+iliac+crest,+and+inferior+3+or+4+ribs..jpg
...rimary function is of the upper extremity but is also considered to be a [[Muscles of Respiration|respiratory accessory muscle]].<ref name=":4">Jeno SH, Varac
11 KB (1,607 words) - 10:02, 2 April 2024
...ussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]]
[[File:SPINE ANATOMY.jpg|thumb]]
13 KB (1,940 words) - 16:55, 2 February 2024
...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/rina-pandya/ Rina Pandya]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{F
...e review.] Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2020 Oct 1;24(4):423-31.</ref>
7 KB (964 words) - 18:21, 13 January 2023
This guide gives a general overview of the anatomy of the thoracic spine. It also includes some facts regarding pathophysiology in this region.
The sagittal plane alignment of the Thoracic spine is on average 35% (normal range is 20° to 50°).<ref name=":2" />
20 KB (2,892 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...bar spine]] this approach is now well established. In the management of non-specific [[Back Education Program|low back pain]] the subgrouping and classi
...the alignment of the lumbar spine have been noted in subjects with flexion-related lumbar pain<ref name=":1" />.
14 KB (2,141 words) - 18:21, 13 July 2021
...nvLOvDZxoN2q9qAMIR8_X0_wow Clinical Orthopaedic Rehabilitation: An Evidence-based Approach.] 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2011</ref><
A positive test should be compared with the non-symptomatic side.
9 KB (1,284 words) - 08:27, 10 February 2022
...PV. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2953347/ Alternative pop-up for surfers with low back pain.] North American journal of sports physica
...'(4), pp.394-401. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1809-29502016000400394&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en#B3 (last accessed 16.9.2019)</r
10 KB (1,440 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...]]This page outlines some Manual Techniques and Exercises for the Thoracic Spine.
...ater stages of life. Additionally, reduced ROM or strength in the thoracic spine will affect the entire kinetic chain.
15 KB (2,172 words) - 02:09, 10 May 2024
...[https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/tanya-bell-jenje/ Tanya Bell-Jenje]<br>
...lude:<ref name=":0">Bell-Jenje T. Assessment and Treatment of the Thoracic Spine Course. Plus , 2021.</ref>
15 KB (2,131 words) - 11:47, 28 March 2024
...f> The ribs form the main structure of the thoracic cage that protects the thoracic organs. There are 12 pairs of ribs which are separated by intercostal spac
* The only rib that articulates with one thoracic vertebra only (T1).<ref name=":2" />
9 KB (1,331 words) - 07:29, 19 March 2024
...ure and the lower quarter and upper quarter.<ref name=":0">Kolt GS, Snyder-Mackler L. Physical Therapies in Sport and Exercise. 2nd ED. Edinburgh. Chur
...t is anterior [[Pelvic Tilt|pelvic tilt]]. This alters the position of the spine resulting in a [[Low Back Pain Related to Hyperlordosis|hyperlordosis]], wh
7 KB (1,078 words) - 10:24, 20 December 2023
...liopsoas Muscle.</ref>. The psoas muscle is one of the [[Core Muscles|core muscles]].
[[File:Anterior Hip Muscles.png|alt=Psoas major muscle (highlighted in green) - anterior view|right|fra
8 KB (1,218 words) - 23:54, 31 March 2024
...a good rehabilitation program incorporating stretches, strengthening and co-ordination and postural training.
...ion (whilst paddling) increases the demands on the structures of the upper spine and associated soft tissues.
12 KB (1,756 words) - 22:38, 15 June 2020
[[File:Torso-rectus-abdominis-transversus-abdominis.png|right|frameless]]
...cles, commonly referred to as your "six-pack." It is two flat and parallel muscles separated by linea alba (a connective tissue). It acts to flex the spinal c
6 KB (840 words) - 07:01, 19 December 2021
[[File:Chris-benson-yx-iJFybOBQ-unsplash.jpg|right|frameless|400x400px]]
...ture (FHP) is a poor habitual neck posture. It often co-exists with [[Upper-Crossed Syndrome|Upper Crossed Syndrome]]
12 KB (1,595 words) - 12:02, 13 May 2024
...stibulospinal tracts Available: https://brainmadesimple.com/vestibulospinal-tracts/<nowiki/>(accessed 27.4.2022)</ref>.
...nse to the head being tilted to one side. Antigravity muscles are extensor muscles in the limbs<ref name="Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald MJT, Gruener G, Mtui E. Clini
6 KB (827 words) - 06:01, 27 April 2022
...ndrome: an anatomic-clinical study. Bull Hosp Jt Dis. 1993 Spring;53(1):21-4. Level of Evidence 3B</ref> that is still used in clinical practice i
...ct of the scapula, between the superior angle and the root of the scapular spine. Its function is to assist with various neck, arm and shoulder movements su
8 KB (1,237 words) - 16:55, 9 December 2020
[[File:Curl-up.jpg|curl-up exercise |alt=|right|frameless]]
...ith high [[Endurance Exercise|endurance]] helps prevent [[Low Back Pain|low-back pain]].<ref name=":3" />
7 KB (992 words) - 05:38, 3 January 2022
...1610010143 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis]. ''Open Orthop J''. 2016;10:143-154.</ref>.
...Journal of children's orthopaedics. 2012;7(1):3-9.</ref>. Approximately, 1-4% of the adolescent population is affected by this condition, with females
11 KB (1,577 words) - 17:17, 1 June 2021
[[File:250px-Longissimus.png|thumb|Longissimus]]
...ides of the spinal column, from the lower back up to the neck. These three muscles include:
7 KB (1,049 words) - 00:22, 26 November 2023
...s injuries of the clavicle and its articulation. JBJS. 1967 Jun 1;49(4):774-84.</ref>
...ers. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research. 2014 Nov 1;100(7):727-31.</ref>. The first compartment lies between the manubrium and the disc and
14 KB (1,878 words) - 11:27, 18 August 2022
...etching (neuropraxia,), tearing (called “avulsion” when the tear is at the spine, and “rupture” when it is not), or scarring (neuroma) of the brachial p
The main mechanism of injury is hyper-abduction traction and depending on the intensity, cause signs and symptoms
7 KB (1,072 words) - 16:51, 9 May 2023
...History+and+Iconography-+Leonard+Peltier&ots=agGSIcJe1Z&sig=rUE3SnAUBhSTEHj-GJowU3pOipA Orthopedics: a history and iconography]. Norman Publishing; 1993
It was noticed that during crawling on all fours, at a certain moment, the spine gets exposed to a mobilizing, exercising and corrective influence, so he es
6 KB (868 words) - 13:58, 4 April 2024
...gether with the semispinalis and rotatores form the [[transversospinales]] muscles group. Multifidusi lies deep to the semispinalis and superficial to the rot
...<ref name=":0">Drake R, Vogl AW, Mitchell AW. Gray's Anatomy for Students E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2009 Apr 4.</ref>
11 KB (1,714 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
[[Image:Scapulothoracic-joint.jpg|center]]
...evier; 2006</ref> and the medial border is about 6 cms lateral to the spine.
11 KB (1,764 words) - 21:53, 29 August 2019
...systematic review and meta-analysis. Physical therapy. 2018 Jan 1;98(1):40-62.</ref>.
...ational Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. 2007 Jan 1;13(2):215-23.</ref>. This emphasizes the need for workplace interventions to reduce an
10 KB (1,410 words) - 14:36, 29 January 2024
...int range of motion, alleviation of [[Pain Assessment|pain]] in joints and muscles, and restoring strength due to muscle weakness. This case study depicts wha
...ns in patients with thyroid disease. Clinical Endocrinology. 2003;59(2):162-7</ref> <br>
7 KB (994 words) - 15:15, 6 September 2021
...ation model whose time has come. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007;37(11):658-660.</ref> For example, patients who complain of [[Low Back Pain|LBP]] may a
...k pain: a distal link to a proximal problem. J Sport Rehabil. 2009;18(1):24-32.</ref>
7 KB (1,039 words) - 06:10, 22 March 2018
...workup, and solutions. Current sports medicine reports. 2006 Nov 1;5(6):289-92.</ref>
* Running<ref>Morton DP, Aune T. Runner’s stitch and the thoracic spine. British journal of sports medicine. 2004 Apr 1;38(2):240-.</ref>
4 KB (528 words) - 18:06, 17 October 2020
...lectromyographic study of 115 patients with [[Carpal Tunnel Syndrome|carpal-tunnel syndromes]] or lesions of the [[Ulnar Nerve|ulnar nerve]] at the [[el
...e Journal of Hand Surgery]: British & European Volume. 1985 Jun 1;10(2):202-4.</ref><br>
8 KB (1,200 words) - 19:07, 15 August 2023
...''Original Editor '''- [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/petra-zikmann/ Petra Zikmann] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FU
...:e0222822.</ref> However, it is often difficult to distinguish whether the spine or limb is the primary cause of lameness in a horse as spinal problems are
17 KB (2,705 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
...ased on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/daphne-xuan/ Daphne Xuan]<br>
...1;12(2):e053999.</ref>[[File:C-spine-picture.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Cervical spine]]
35 KB (4,842 words) - 10:49, 1 September 2023
...extends downwards from the [[brainstem]] through the central column of the spine. It is a relatively small bundle of tissue (weighing 35g and just about 1cm
...Brain Anatomy|brain]] to other parts of the body (importantly the [[Muscle|muscles]] we use to move) and receives sensory input from the body, partially proce
12 KB (1,785 words) - 18:31, 17 January 2023
...''Original Editor '''- [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/mauro-banfi/ Mauro Banfi] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPA
...pg|thumb|Figure 1. Thoracic kyphosis. ]][[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|Increased thoracic kyphosis]] (see Figure 1)
18 KB (2,563 words) - 20:05, 9 January 2024
...area of origin.<ref>http://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/pectoral-region/ (accessed 1 July 2018). </ref>
...tion. <ref name=":0">Kendall F, McCreary E, Provance P,Rodgers M,Romani W. Muscles:Testing and function with posture and pain. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincot
12 KB (1,789 words) - 18:32, 17 March 2023
...al of Physiotherapy. He is also the author of two books:<ref name="mulligan-5">Manual therapy NAGS,SNAGS,MWMS,etc by Brian R.Mulligan, 5th edition, 2004
...of the extremities and SNAGS (sustained natural apophyseal glides) of the spine were first coined by Brian R. Mulligan <ref>Mulligan, BR: Manual Therapy �
10 KB (1,553 words) - 21:19, 17 October 2020
[[File:Sam-burriss-zHSX9o2 B7Y-unsplash.jpg|right|frameless]]
...ted to the particular orientation, structure, and function of the thoracic spine in the vertebral column.
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== Cervico-Thoracic ==
...s://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/cp94b.pdf Acute Thoracic Spinal Pain] from the Australian Acute Musculoskeletal Pain Guidelines Grou
15 KB (2,084 words) - 19:01, 24 September 2016
...linician. Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease. 2012 Apr;4(2):61-76. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383520/ (access
...ystems-1417/bone-development-1497/bone-tissue-and-the-effects-of-aging-1500-11222/</ref> The reasons for this are multi factorial, including:.
6 KB (768 words) - 12:04, 19 December 2022
...reased flexion of the hips, and a compensatory hyperlordosis in the lumbar spine.
...ese muscles are inhibited and substituted by activation of the superficial muscles.
16 KB (2,431 words) - 16:46, 15 December 2022
...trachea)<ref name=":0">Lang, J., 1993. ''Clinical anatomy of the cervical spine''. Stuttgart; New York: Thieme.</ref> is located at the anterior aspect of
...Lee, S. and Kim, I., 2013. ''Surgical Anatomy and Techniques to the Spine E-Book''. Elsevier Health Sciences.</ref>
9 KB (1,255 words) - 19:01, 8 March 2024
[[File:Muscles of the cervical region multifidus superficial layer Primal.png|right|framel
...ding of this anatomy is essential for assessment and treatment of cervical spine problems.
21 KB (2,995 words) - 17:23, 26 June 2023
...e abdominal wall (anterior view)|right|frameless|600x600px|Overview of the muscles of the abdominal wall (anterior view)]]
...dominal walls, the abdomen being the portion of the trunk connecting the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] and [[pelvis]]. An abdominal wall is formed of [[skin]], [
15 KB (2,185 words) - 16:41, 11 April 2022
....gov/pmc/articles/PMC8301671/ Limb development in skeletally-immature large-sized dogs: A radiographic study]. Plos one. 2021 Jul 23;16(7):e0254788.</re
...o L, Angileri V, Morabito S, Cassata G, Macrì F. [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/3/813 Four Unusual Cases of Congenital Forelimb Malformations in Dog
19 KB (2,783 words) - 23:14, 3 January 2023
...able: https://drbradcole.com/functional-assessment-rehabilitation-cervical-spine/<nowiki/>(accessed 22.4.2022)</ref>.
...y.com/making-the-shift-from-treating-dysfunction-to-treating-sensitivity-in-rehabilitation/ (accessed 22.4.2022)</ref>
11 KB (1,455 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...he ULTT's are equivalent to the straight leg raise designed for the lumbar spine.
...e both diagnostic and therapeutic. Once the diagnosis of [http://www.physio-pedia.com/CPR_for_Cervical_Radiculopathy cervical radiculopathy] is made, th
13 KB (1,862 words) - 19:12, 8 March 2024
...itor '''- [[User:Lorenza Perez|Lorena Perez]] as part of [http://www.physio-pedia.com/ICRC_Cerebral_Palsy_Content_Development_Project#Articles_to_be_dev
...: Dyskinetic and Ataxic. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s-n4eFypPc [last accessed 13/08/16]</ref>
19 KB (2,702 words) - 10:14, 2 November 2023
