Search results

...erves|cranial nerve]] eight (CN VIII), consists of the [[Vestibular System|vestibular]] and cochlear nerves. It is located in the internal auditory meatus (inter * The vestibular nerve is primarily responsible for maintaining body [[balance]] and eye mov

...ditorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Alyssa Brooks-Wells|Alyssa Brooks-Wells]]<br> ...Fall Risk Management in Audiology and ENT Practice: The Role of Cognitive, Vestibular, and Auditory Function]. Journal of Audiology and Otolaryngology. 2022.</re

...Available:https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/ears-nose-and-throat/vertigo Accessed 24.8.2021)</ref> Vertigo is a type of dizziness that Vertigo is most often caused by a dysfunction in the vestibular system from a peripheral or central lesion.

...er extremity injuries. The test has changed over the years to include four conditions. It tests the static stability and dynamic stability utilizing foam pads<re ...7).</ref>. Studies suggest that a decrease in sway can be achieved with a 1-week training program<ref name=":1" />.

...sed on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/bernard-tonks/ Bernard Tonks]<br> ...onditions that can cause dysfunction of the vestibular system. Examples of vestibular pathologies include:

...ar Rehabilitation, 3rd edition. Philadelphia: F.A Davis Company; 2007. p. 1-18.</ref> The components of the system can be divided into three parts: ...the vestibular system: a review. NeuroRehabilitation. 2013 Jan 1;32(3):437-43.</ref>

...ditorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Alyssa Brooks-Wells|Alyssa Brooks-Wells]] <br> ...cteristic and treatable cause of chronic dizziness. Pract Neurol. 2018;18:5-13.</ref>

...":5">Abadi RV. Mechanisms underlying nystagmus. J R Soc Med. 2002;95(5):231-4.</ref> The nystagmus may be defined by the type of movement observed: ...of Nystagmus Available:https://visionrehabot.com/the-functional-effects-of-nystagmus/ (accessed 5.9.2021)</ref>

...ry M, Kemp S, Patricios J, Makdissi M, Decq P. Br J Sports Med, 50(11): 642-43 (2016) ...yley M, McCullagh S, Velikonja D, Berrigan L. Can Fam Physician, 58(3): 257-67 (2012)

'''Original Editor '''- [http://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Wendy_Walker Wendy Walker] ...estibular nerve arise from neurons of Scarpa's ganglion and project to the vestibular neuclei.<br>

...t Available:https://www.healthline.com/health/romberg-test#What-is-Rombergs-test? (accessed 6.11.2022)</ref> ...ne Romberg test Available:https://epomedicine.com/clinical-medicine/romberg-test/ (accessed 6.11.2022)</ref>

...tps://www.intechopen.com/books/gerontology/ageing-process-and-physiological-changes (accessed 10.4.2021)</ref>. ...rum creatinine level remains relatively constant due to a proportionate age-related decrease in creatinine production. Creatinine is a waste product in

...ense of hearing is of paramount importance in spoken communication, and age-related hearing loss can lead to problems with communication, decreased awar ...For people aged 75 years and older, this incidence is thought to rise to 40-50%.[[Image:PP Hearing mechanics.jpg|right|200px|Steps involved in hearing s

'''Original Editor '''- [http://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Wendy_Walker Wendy Walker] ...ill be found to have bilateral [[Acoustic Neuroma|Acoustic Neuromas]] (AKA Vestibular Schwannomas).

...early observations on neural-tube defects. J Neurosurg. Nov 1991;75(5):823-6</ref>. Named after&nbsp;Hans Chiari and Julius Arnold, the pathologists wh [[File:MRI_of_human_brain_with_type-1_Arnold-Chiari_malformation_and_herniated_cerebellum.jpg|thumb]]

...and static conditions, for example preparation of movements, [[Perturbation-Based Balance Training|perturbations]], and quiet stance. ...rent sudden falls in the elderly. Neurological sciences. 2006 Dec;27(6):412-6. Available:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17205226/ (accessed 4.11.2022)

...exercises on elderly people. Indian Journal of Gerontology. 2021;35(4):483-94.</ref> ...g their visual, [[Somatosensation|somatosensory]], and [[Vestibular System|vestibular system]]<nowiki/>s. Exercises are performed with the eyes closed as somatos

'''Original Editor '''- [http://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Wendy_Walker Wendy Walker] ...early observations on neural-tube defects. J Neurosurg. Nov 1991;75(5):823-6</ref>.<br>

...ser:Priyanka_Kumar|Priyanka Kumar]], [[User:Quinn_Powell-Jones|Quinn Powell-Jones]] as part of the [[Queen's University Neuromotor Function Project]]<br ...man">Herdman SJ. Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction. Available from https://vestibular.org/sites/default/files/page_files/Documents/Bilateral%20Vestibular%20Hypof

...linical entity. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2020 Jan;113(1):7-11. [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0141076819877553]</ref> ...um]], [[cerebrum]], and [[Brainstem|brain stem]]. It also forms a butterfly-shaped portion of the central [[Spinal cord anatomy|spinal cord]].

...ic conditions. It is a useful test in individuals with [[Vestibular System|vestibular]] and balance problems and those at [[Falls|risk of falls]]. ...om:https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/dynamic-gait-index (accessed 11.3.2021)</ref>

...future falls in Indian older adults. Clin Interv Aging. 2017 Apr 10;12:645-651. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S133523. PMID: 28435236; PMCID: PMC5391867.</ref>. ...troduction|elderly]], and in other [[Neurological Disorders|neurological]] conditions that can affect [[balance]].

...sed on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/bernard-tonks/ Bernard Tonks]<br> ...ar System|vestibular]] dysfunction.<ref name=":0">Tonks B. Introduction to Vestibular Rehabilitation Course. Plus. 2021.</ref>

#[[Vestibular System]] ...n and 20% Vestibular &amp; 10% on Vision on firm surface but change to 60% vestibular information, 30% Vision &amp; 10% somatosensory on unstable surface.

...stations and measurement of aging in humans. Aging cell. 2017 Aug;16(4):624-33.</ref> ...ch. Available from:https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1354293/human-aging. (Accessed 01/18/24)</ref>

...sed on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/bernard-tonks/ Bernard Tonks]<br> ...vertigo can be caused by the following conditions:<ref name=":0">Tonks B. Vestibular Pathologies Course. Plus , 2021.</ref>

...nd abstract thinking. Many times executive function is classified as higher-level cognitive functions or metacognitive functions. ...ty, limb activation training, mental imagery training, TENS, Eye patching, vestibular rehabilitation, and mirror therapy.<ref name=":3">Surya N, Someshwar H. Reh

...sed on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/bernard-tonks/ Bernard Tonks]<br> ...is page will discuss the key components of the objective assessment of the vestibular patient.

...sed on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/bernard-tonks/ Bernard Tonks]<br> ...f clinical and research practice]. Journal of neurology. 2020 Dec;267(1):24-35.</ref>

...5-26. doi: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23243113/ 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091941. Erratum in: Br J Sports Med. 2013 Feb;47(3):184. PMID: 23243113].</r The most common post-concussive symptom is headache, followed by dizziness - more often a sense o

..., and management: a narrative review.] Pain and Therapy. 2021 Jun;10(1):143-64.</ref> ...ment.] journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy. 2009 May;39(5):364-77. [Accessed 26 June 2018]</ref>

...d [[vertigo]]. It is named after the French physician Prosper Ménière (1799-1862) who first recognised vertigo as an inner ear disorder. ...se Meniere Disease] Available from:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/meniere-disease (last accessed 2.8.2020)</ref>.

...he phenotypic spectrum of albinism]. Ophthalmology. 2018 Dec 1;125(12):1953-60.</ref> Melanin is a pigment that gives colour to the hair, skin and eyes. ...psychosocial factors. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia]. 2019 Dec 9;94:503-20.</ref>

[[File:Balance-board-benefits.jpg|right|frameless]] # bio-mechanical constraints

...-syndrome-information-page (accessed 4 May 2017).</ref>. [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Stroke Stroke] occurring in this region of the brainstem often lea ...alsy and stridor. Journal of the Intensive Care Society. 2009 Jul;10(3):218-9.</ref>. The region of the lateral medulla is bordered by the anterior late

'''Original Editor '''- [https://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Wendy_Walker Wendy Walker] * Post-traumatic epilepsy

...''' - [[User:Naomi O'Reilly|Naomi O'Reilly]] and [http://relabhs.org/ ReLAB-HS] ...://world.physio/sites/default/files/2020-07/PS-2019-Description-of-physical-therapy.pdf, [Accessed 27th June 2021].</ref>

...of unilateral neglect. (Update). Physical Therapy. 2003, August; 83(8): 732-740. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/83.8.732 (Level of Evidence 1A)</ref>. ...ed 2017May7]. Available from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1136474-overview?pa=NK01EYVNCkZ80xTbSjIJtAhKz7Dnjtwp3tB6H9gcQnK9f9OGGITaJaB6%2Bp9gHo

...over). Due to the advances in emergency medicine, intensive care and neuro-rehabilitation we are also witnessing the increase in the population of peop ...raumatic brain injury in a two-way relationship:  [[File:Screenshot 2019-10-24 at 12.09.31.png|thumb]]

...18; 8(9):225-234.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://academic.oup.com/ptj/article-abstract/34/9/444/4669181 Rood] MS. Neurophysiological Reactions as a Basis ...red muscular response - proprioceptive receptors, exteroceptive receptors, vestibular receptors and special sense organs. <ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4

...fact-sheets/detail/rehabilitation</ref> The three largest groups of health conditions found to contribute to disability were musculoskeletal disorders, sensory i ..., among other factors, one of the barriers we face is ineffective and under-utilised referral pathways to rehabilitation.<ref name=":1" /> Cieza and col

...fact-sheets/detail/rehabilitation</ref> The three largest groups of health conditions found to contribute to disability were musculoskeletal disorders, sensory i ..., among other factors, one of the barriers we face is ineffective and under-utilised referral pathways to rehabilitation.<ref name=":1" /> Cieza and col

...matic brain injury. Part 1: Item Generation, Brain Injury, 2005;19(11): 925-932.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02699050500058687 (accessed ...art 2: Content validity and discriminability, Brain Injury, 2009;19(10):833-843<nowiki/>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02699050500058687</r

...as part of a course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/wendy-walker/ Wendy Walker] ...ion to facial reanimation procedures]. Clinical Anatomy. 2019 May;32(4):480-8. DOI: 10.1002/ca.23332      </ref> The [[Facial Nerve|anatomy of the fa

...l-md-6"> {{#ev:youtube|2m5ammZbufM|250}} <div class="text-right"><ref>Neuro-Ophthalmology with Dr. Andrew G. Lee. Relapsing polychondritis. Available fr <div class="col-md-6"> {{#ev:youtube|TIWRT2vLD0w|250}} <div class="text-right"><ref>Learning in 10. Relapsing Polychondritis. Available from: http:/

...m.nih.gov/condition/pallister-killian-mosaic-syndrome#definition (Pallister-Killian syndrome)]. Journal of medical genetics. 1991 Feb;28(2):122. ...f each chromosome, one inherited from each parent. In people with Pallister-Killian mosaic syndrome, cells have the two usual copies of chromosome 12, b

...arum. A review. The Journal of reproductive medicine.] 1994 Aug 1;39(8):605-12.</ref> ...affected individuals.] Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008 Nov;141(1):13-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.07.003. Epub 2008 Aug 26. PMID: 18752885; PMCI

...the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]] and TMD. There are numerous other conditions that can cause [[Pain Mechanisms|pain]] in the TMJ region. It is important ...Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 82(1), 4-9.</ref>, it found that the lateral pterygoid muscle was connected to the me

[[File:Little-boy-playing.jpg|alt=picture by freepik|thumb|300x300px]] ...ournal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention. 2011 Jul;4(3-4):204–14.

...paretic side. <ref name="Santos-Pontelli et al">Santos-Pontelli TEG, Pontes-Neto OM, de Araujo DB, Santos AC, and Leite JP. Persistent pusher behavior a ...lationship to motor and functional recovery. Stroke. 2004 Dec 1;35(12):2873-8.</ref>.

...ical therapist’s expertise in musculoskeletal, respiratory, and vestibular conditions. This primary contact consultation can help to ease the burden of delay in ...ist evaluations in the ED. Of these fourteen hundred patients, roughly two-thirds where ultimately either discharged home with or without additional th

...tosensation. Somatosensation is an overarching sense which includes the sub-modalities of: ...A Systematic Review. ''J Hand Ther''. 2019 Aug 31. pii: S0894-1130(19)30094-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2019.06.002. ]]

[[File:Screenshot 2022-05-08 193753.png|thumb]] ...he purpose of this fictional case study is to investigate the physiotherapy-related approaches for assessing, diagnosing and treating this condition. Th

...n, MD, BENIGN PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO, site: http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/bppv/bppv.html , Page last modified: February 3, 2013< ...: Diagnosing and managing vertigo. Nurse Practitioner. 2002 Aug 1;27(8): 11-23.</ref>.<br>

...sequently, this case study is intended to provide an example as to how post-concussion syndrome can be managed with physiotherapy. ...8-sports-related-concussion-facts-you-need-to-know/?fbclid=IwAR17B3F4buO2Xh-EmzTnAB_F5Y52CErbjQ2BvesOVnWfd0nzO33sbRLlc18</nowiki></ref>]]

* [[Vestibular System|Vestibular system]] ...w image - © Kenhub https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/cerebellum-and-brainstem</ref>

...o that they can live independent lives by focusing on the promotion of self-care and functional independence.<ref>Mauk KL. Overview of rehabilitation. R ...interventions designed to optimise functioning in individuals with health conditions in interaction with their environment". In fact it describes any individua

* Ataxia is usually caused by cerebellar dysfunction or impaired vestibular or [[Proprioception|proprioceptive]] afferent input to the [[cerebellum]]<r ...9/7/1420 Ataxia]. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2008 Aug 1;29(7):1420-2. Available from:http://www.ajnr.org/content/29/7/1420 (last accessed 8.2.2

...([[Midbrain]], Pons and Medulla Oblongata), [[Cerebellum]]. In addition to conditions affecting the Peripheral Nervous System involving Cranial nerves or their * From 1999-2019, the DALYs of neurological diseases belonging to dementias and Parkins

...onment, and can help improve activities of daily living by replicating real-life scenarios.<ref name=":0" /> ...alance outcomes, namely the [[Six Minute Walk Test / 6 Minute Walk Test|Six-Minute Walk Test]] and the [[Berg Balance Scale]], have demonstrated that VR

...erapy intervention in sports-related concussion among young individuals age-group–A narrative review]. Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020 May 1;20 ...rs remains the structured clinical interview with a neuropsychologist. Self-report measures can play an important role in screening patients in the phys

...appropriate treatment, prevention of complications, and helped predict long-term outcomes.<ref name=":0" /> The costs involved in the care of a child wi <div class="col-md-6"> {{#ev:youtube|YpdCspyn4co|400}} <div class="text-right"><ref>. Arkansas Children's. Recovering from Traumatic Brain Injury: R

...'''- Based on a course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/nino-chumburidze/ Nino Chumburidze] ...aring, vision, smell, taste, touch, proprioception, interoception, and our vestibular system - which provides information about movement, changing head position

...hfeed/physiotherapy-for-astronauts-in-zero-micro-gravitational-environments-39184/post [Last accessed 4 December 2021]</ref> ...aimala, S., Swati, S., & Amita, M. (2013). Exercise Training for Astronauts-A Review. ''Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy'', ''7'

...nitive risk syndrome as a predictor of incident disability: A 7 year follow-up study.] Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2022 Sep 8.Available:https://www ...pdate 2019.] Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle. 2019 Oct;10(5):953-5.Available:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31408280/ (accessed 14.4.2023)</

...y: Changes in grey matter induced by training. Nature, 2000. 400(6747), 649-652.</ref><ref>Afreen S, Mazhar K, Malik R, Asif I. Role of Neuroplasticity ...ctice: Building brain power for health. Frontiers in Psychology, 2014. 5, 1-15.</ref>

.... [https://now.aapmr.org/biomechanic-of-gait-and-treatment-of-abnormal-gait-patterns/ Biomechanic of Gait and Treatment of Abnormal Gait Patterns].</ref ...opedic problems (e.g. osteoarthritis and skeletal deformities) and medical conditions (e.g. heart failure, respiratory insufficiency, peripheral arterial occlusi

...''' - [[User:Naomi O'Reilly|Naomi O'Reilly]] and [http://relabhs.org/ ReLAB-HS] ...]. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2021 Jun 1;102(6):1113-23.</ref>

...s: an interdisciplinary challenge.] Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2013 Apr;110(16):278-84 (Level of evidence 2A)</ref><br>A difference exists between subjective an ...rospective randomized controlled study. J Psychosom Res. 2010 Sep;69(3):299-304 (Level of evidence 1B)</ref>

Age-related hyperkyphosis affects 20-40% of older adults and can be described as an exaggerated anterior curvatur ...n older women wih age-related hyperkyphosis. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. , 27, 1161-1164.</ref>

...idiopathic toe walking: A systematic review]. Gait Posture. 2019 Jan;67:181-6. </ref> In children aged two or under, toe walking is generally considered ...ith specific conditions, trauma or neurogenic influences.<ref name=":7" /> Conditions that can cause toe walking include cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, auti

...d): Sjukgymnastik för barn och ungdomar Lund: Studentlitteratur; 2002: 3:34-45</ref> ...uth with sever limitations in self-mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther 2003; 15:167-175</ref>

...re-to-post intervention. This indicates positive balance outcomes from a 10-week proprioceptive and resistance training protocol in individuals with Par ...rapist could go about diagnosing and treating this condition in an evidence-based manner. The American Academy of Neurology believes that both pharmacol

...ities, eg. respiratory care, orthopaedic and trauma protocols, behaviour de-escalation techniques, communication strategies, equipment provision, etc. * Sit-to-stand sequence practice (of various height surfaces, with different level of

[[File:Dna-closely.jpg|right|frameless]] ...ic spectrum of mutations in the CHD7 gene.] J Med Genet. 2006 Apr;43(4):306-14.</ref> Differences in clinical presentation are the result of unique muta

...or learning, and motor control principle]]<nowiki/>s as well as the patient-centred approach with an individual’s [[Goal Setting in Rehabilitation|goa ...irected by professionals with experience in the management of neurological conditions.

...''Original Editor '''- [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/mauro-banfi/ Mauro Banfi] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPA ...ral dysfunctions such as increased tension of their anterior muscular peri-laryngeal chain.<ref name=":1" /> These postural dysfunctions can, however,

...-occipital]](jointC0-C1), the [[Atlanto-axial joint|atlanto-axial]] (1joint-C2) and the superior aspect of C2. ...nbacher J, Landolt AM, Theiler K. Applied anatomy of the back., by Springer-Verlang Berlin Heidelberg 1985</ref>

...ation stage. Severe injuries increase the risk of a greater number and more-severe complications. ...yoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/traumatic-brain-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20378557accessed</nowiki> 26.05.2019</ref> An individual’s risk of suicide

...[[User:Naomi O'Reilly|Naomi O'Reilly]] and and [http://relabhs.org/ ReLAB-HS] ...ail/rehabilitation</ref> It enables them to do so by addressing underlying conditions and improving their way of performing everyday activities, supporting them

[[File:Facial nerve schwannoma.png|thumb|Contrast-enhanced T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging reveals an intracanalicular tumor in the The same study also found multi-segmental lesions in 46% of the patients.

...severe obstetric perineal lacerations.] Int Urogynecol J. 2016 Jan;27(1):61-7.</ref> ...ive cohort study.] Archives of gynecology and obstetrics. 2019 Jul 1;300:67-77.</ref>

...itor '''- [[User:Lorenza Perez|Lorena Perez]] as part of [http://www.physio-pedia.com/ICRC_Cerebral_Palsy_Content_Development_Project#Articles_to_be_dev ...: Dyskinetic and Ataxic. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s-n4eFypPc [last accessed 13/08/16]</ref>

...other lower level. Fall-related injuries may be fatal however most are non-fatal. While all people who fall are at risk of injury, the age, gender and ...falls.<ref name=":1">WHO Falls Available:https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls (accessed 3.11.2022)</ref>

...alth/materials/factsheets/fs-communicating-with-people.html current, person-focused, best practice] for communicating with and about people with or with ...ent]. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 1;91(8):795-808.</ref>

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...Classification of Headaches (ICHD-II). Available from: https://ichd-3.org/1-migraine/ ( Lasted accessed: 5th September 2021)</ref>. It is thought to be ...gepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0333102415587704 Cephalalgia. 2016 Mar;36(3):240-8.]</ref>.

...are beds.] International Journal of Palliative Nursing. 2020 Feb 2;26(2):64-9.</ref>. ...lity of Life: A Critical Review. Indian J Palliative Care. 2010; 16(3): 138-146.</ref>

...isorder Guide. http://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/mental-health-panic-disorder (Accessed 13 March 2011).</ref> It can cause the person to avoid pl ...name=":0" /><ref name="JAMA">Torpy JM, Burke AE, Golub RM. [http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/305/12/1256.long Panic disorder.] JAMA 2011;305:1256.</ref>

...niversity Evidence-based Practice Project|Texas State University's Evidence-based Practice project]] ...e neck<ref name="Crowner">Crowner BE. [https://academic.oup.com/ptj/article-lookup/doi/10.2522/ptj.20060272 Cervical dystonia: disease profile and clini

...sition/ Skill Acquisition] Available: https://www.scienceforsport.com/skill-acquisition/ (accessed 4.10.2021)</ref> ...ability to regulate mechanisms essential to movement<ref name=":0">Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott M. Motor Control: Translating Research into Clinical Prac

...come measures.  The outcome measures used included UEFS, FSMC, MSIS-29, six-minute walk test, and the nine hole peg test, which were reassessed 8 weeks ...ty.org/NationalMSSociety/media/MSNationalFiles/Brochures/Book-MS-A-Focus-on-Rehabilitation.pdf</nowiki> (Accessed 21/05/2020).</ref>. The complex natur

'''Original Editor '''- [http://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Wendy_Walker Wendy Walker] ...the face, and are used in functions of eating and drinking, speech and non-verbal communication.

...essment in oncology rehabilitation]. Physical Therapy. 2009 Mar 1;89(3):286-306.</ref> was published before to guide rehabilitation therapists who provi |Self-care

...Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. October/November, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 226-235.</ref>. CMT is a slowly progressive disorder and it encompasses a large ...ber 2014]. Available from: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Charcot-Marie-Tooth-disease/Pages/Causes.aspx</ref>.

...r neurones are gone by the time we turn 75 and our brain shrinks by about 1-2 grams every year due to the loss of neurones. ...orting human cognition. Trends in cognitive sciences. 2022 Nov 1;26(11):909-22.</ref>.

...used for mild sensory or coordination problems found in visual, auditory, vestibular, peripheral proprioceptive, or central cerebellar disease. It can help stab ...quad cane: This type of cane is prescribed when there is substantial weight-bearing required, such as in a hemiplegic patient.

...www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5856927/ Patient involvement with home-based exercise programs: can connected health interventions influence adhere ...al rehabilitation. International Journal of Physiotherapy. 2011 Jun;1(2):14-29</ref>.

...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/mauro-banfi/ Mauro Banfi]<br> ...MC5636236/ Effect of posture on swallowing]. Afr Health Sci. 2017;17(1):133-7.</ref> When working with patients who have dysfunction in these areas, it

...epidemiological survey on ankle sprain. Br J Sports Med 1994 Jun;28(2):112-116.</ref> ...ficits associated with chronic ankle instability. Sports Med 2009;39(3):207-224.</ref> <br>

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...ssification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018; 38(1): 1-211. </ref> ...GC, Stovner LJ. Epidemiology of headache. ''Handb Clin Neurol''. 2010;97:3-22. </ref>

...name="PMNC">M, Stokes &amp; E, Stack. Physical Management for Neurological Conditions. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2011.</ref>The Rood Approach, theoretica .../www.slideshare.net/shilpa_prajapati/facilitatory-and-inhibitory-techniques-new

...rs must be able to recognise these differences. This article explores multi-system characteristics, impairments, and interventions for children, adolesc ...living, and sport: a systematic review. J Occup Rehabil. 2005 Jun;15(2):253-72. </ref> The following questionnaires are recommended:<ref name=":1" />

...me=":5">Eskay K. [https://members.physio-pedia.com/foetal-motor-development-course/ Foetal Motor Development Course]. Plus, 2023.</ref> The following ta ...s://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/7247-fetal-development-stages-of-growth (last accessed 31 October 2023).</ref>

...'''Original Editor '''- [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/pam-versfeld/ Pam Versfeld] <br> ...iersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2020.623759/full Development of Locomotor-Related Movements in Early Infancy]. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. 202

...ate - 2023 November 30]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls</ref> Falls are a major health concern and the leading cause of non-intentional injury in older adults (65+). In Australia, falls are leading c

...apy. Available from:https://www.americanhippotherapyassociation.org/what-is-hippotherapy (accessed 19/11/2021)</ref> ...Association. What is Hippotherapy? Available from: https://youtu.be/RzcUTg-VKsM [last accessed 22/22/2021]</ref>

...red-man-using-virtual-reality-headset-training-with-stretching-elastic-belt-min.jpg|right|frameless|500x500px|alt=]] .../en/healthy-living/fitness/fitness-basics/aha-recs-for-physical-activity-in-adults merican Heart Association recommendations for physical activity in ad

[[File:Chris-benson-yx-iJFybOBQ-unsplash.jpg|right|frameless]] ...oint glenohumeral joint], and [https://physio-pedia.com/Thoracic_Anatomy T4-T5 segment]. Janda noted that these focal areas of stress within the spine c

...mysmithmd.com/cervicogenic-headache-orthopaedic-spine-surgeon-orange-irvine-ca.html</nowiki> ...approach to clinical management]. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2011 Sep;6(3):254-66. </ref>  

...ve differently in the clinic from how they behave at home. They may be over-excited, mask their symptoms, or be nervous or insecure. It can, therefore, ...v:youtube|HyI_7hvurBU}}<ref>Boston University. Physical Therapy of the Four-Legged Variety. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyI_7hvurBU

...scles. Available from: https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-facial-muscles (accessed 18 October 2020). ...Expression. Available from: https://teachmeanatomy.info/head/muscles/facial-expression/ (accessed 18 October 2020).</ref>.

...Courtney Smith|Courtney Smith]] as part of the [[Temple University Evidence-Based Practice Project|Temple University EBP Project]] ...ive and nerve tissue dysfunction and if possible rule in or out particular conditions.

..., Márquez-Vera MA, Vila-Chã C, Méndez-Sánchez R. [https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/20/10704/htm Effects of global postural reeducation versus specific ...old, Freddy began bowling in cricket and developed further neck pain (VAS 8-9/10). He noted a pinching sensation in his lower cervical spine. Because of

...ts and the elderly.] Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 2017 Feb 1;129(3-4):81-95.Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5318488/ (las ...hefreedictionary.com/gait+speed Gait speed] Available from: https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gait+speed (last accessed 28.6.2020)</ref>

...Contributors''' - Arno De Winne, Margaux Reynders,&nbsp;[http://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Julie_Lhost Julie Lhost],&nbsp;{{Special:Contributors/{{FULLP ...back pain: a case–control study”, European Spine Journal, 2009, 18.7: 1066-1073. (level of evidence: 3B)</ref>

...natural history, and epidemiology. Neurologic clinics. 2018 May 1;36(2):253-60.</ref>. ...the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine. 2004 Apr;29(4):484-505.

[[File:Dave-goudreau-1z9ziLqz6lI-unsplash.jpg|alt=|right|frameless]] ...ulatory activity.] Research in Exercise Epidemiology. 2012 Sep 30;14(2):107-16.</ref>

'''Dentato-Thalamo-Cortical''' ...ct which connects the lateral cerebellum to the contralateral motor and non-motor areas of the cerebrum, such as the primary motor cortex, premotor cort

...d non-surgical treatment of Bell's palsy]. Journal of otology. 2015;10(1):7-12. </ref> ...e click [http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/muscles-of-facial-expression/ here] to see videos on the facial muscles.

...ed on these complaints, patient-centered goals were developed, and evidence-based interventions were implemented to help the patient meet these goals an ...library.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1399-0004.1974.tb00638.x doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.1974.tb00638.x]</ref> Scientists still don’t understand the exact imp

...mined in collaboration with Mr. L to focus on achieving short-term and long-term goals based on his chief concerns and treatment expectations. Intervent ...multiple system atrophy.] European Journal of Neurology. 2002 May;9(3):195-9.</ref>

...ntion of increasing our knowledge of Huntington's Disease and neurological conditions as part of our PT858: Neuromotor Function II. ...nd speech language pathologist were noted in order to help manage the multi-faceted presentation of his disease beyond the scope of physical therapy. Th

...ated Disorders: redefining" whiplash" and its management. Spine. 1995;20:1S-73S.</ref><ref name=":19" /> The prognosis of WAD is unknown and unpredicta ...jury. A comparative study. » J Bone Joint Surg Br., vol. 86, nr. 7, p. 1032-4, 2004.</ref>. Causes of pain can be any of these tissues, with the strain

...gies which may lead to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_ischemia cervico-cranial ischaemia]. CAD is inclusive of all known vascular pathologies and a ...ns for the future: a clinical perspective]. J Man Manip Ther. 2008;16(1):39-48.</ref>&nbsp;and has been adopted by the International Federation of Ortho

...tor functioning, [[posture]], and balance. <ref>Das SP, Ganesh GS. Evidence-based approach to physical therapy in cerebral palsy. Indian journal of orth ...main aim of Physiotherapy, as identified by [http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/19700.pdf Gunel (2011)], is to support the child with Cerebral Palsy to a

...369(19):1836-42</ref> Find out more about the different [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Disaster_Management#Types_of_Disaster types of disasters] and [[Di ...and Rehabilitation Medicine. [serial online] 2018 [cited 2019 Oct 19];1:72-94. Available from: http://www.jisprm.org/text.asp?2018/1/2/72/249854</ref>

...rg. 2018 [cited 2020 Sep 3]. Available from: https://solvecfs.org/about-the-disease/</ref> ...e hours to months, and in some cases, the patient never recovers to the pre-exertion baseline.<ref>Battery B. What is ME? [Internet]. 2020. Available fr

...erging roles and alternative physiotherapy pathways to accommodate the ever-changing population and a result of physiotherapy practice is being undertak ...a on outcomes, research objectively and show what you do and why it is cost-effective...take physiotherapy over bridges into areas where it hasn't been

...steady position on a fixed ,firm stable support base <ref>Gonçalves C, Vila-Chã C, Bezerra P, Clemente F, Leão C, Brandão A, et al. [https://www.scie ...s the main determinant<ref><nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1186/s43161-021-00064-6</nowiki>. Accessed 29 Apr. 2024.

...i A, Ajibowo AO, Fabara SP. Locked-In syndrome: a systematic review of long-term management and prognosis. Cureus. 2021 Jul 29;13(7).</ref>. The patient locked-in syndrome.]]