#REDIRECT [[Thoracic Spine Fracture]]
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...cal Anatomy|cervical]] spine, thoracic spine and [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] spine to the sacrum. It connects the front (anterior) of the vertebral body to th
[[Category:Cervical Spine]]
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...muscles, which spinalis belong to, are the most powerful extensors of the spine.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
...tebral]] spine and inserted into the bones of the upper thoracic vertebral spine.
3 KB (371 words) - 06:32, 4 February 2022
...]] or [[shoulder]] pain.<ref>Ghan GM, Babu VS. Immediate effect of cervico-thoracic mobilization on deep neck flexors strength in individuals with forward head
* Manipulation of the spine (MTS)can also be defined as a form of manual therapy that is used in an eff
4 KB (580 words) - 00:00, 14 February 2023
To assess for possible [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome]].<br>
...ully turn her head away from the side being tested and extend the cervical spine.
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Iliocostalis Thoracic (also know as iliocostalis dorsi) is the thoracic segment of the iliocostalis muscle.<ref name=":1">Roldan CJ, Huh BK. [https
...um's insertion.<ref name=":0">Cramer GD, Darby SA. Clinical anatomy of the spine, spinal cord, and ANS-e-book.</ref>
2 KB (296 words) - 02:37, 6 February 2022
...ed 30 November 2021]. Available from: https://www.wheelessonline.com/bones/spine/spinalis-cervicis/</ref>
'''Nerve Supply:''' Posterior rami of cervical and [[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|thoracic spinal nerves]] (C4 to T1). <ref name="wh" />
2 KB (309 words) - 06:55, 4 February 2022
Spinous processes of [[Thoracic Vertebrae|T2-T8]].<ref name=":1" />
Lateral branch of the posterior rami of [[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|spinal nerves]]<ref name=":1" />
2 KB (222 words) - 07:00, 4 February 2022
The tips of transverse process of all thoracic vertebrae and the lower 9 or 10 ribs between the tubercles and angles <ref
Dorsal rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (T7 to L5) <ref name="p3">http://www.anatomyexpert
2 KB (272 words) - 07:05, 5 February 2022
When testing the thoracic and lumbar spine strength a few differences are noted:
...or spine extension are different for the [[lumbar]] and [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] spines. Beginning at Grade 3, the tests for both spinal levels are combin
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It is thicker and broader in the lumbar than in the thoracic region, it merges to thoracolumbar fascia.<ref name=":0" />
...Cervical Spine]] [[Category:Cervical Spine - Anatomy]] [[Category:Cervical Spine - Ligaments]]
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...with the tendons and muscles, provides a natural brace to help protect the spine from injury.
== Thoracic Ligaments ==
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Test for presence of [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|thoracic outlet syndrome]].<br>
...http://www.nismat.org/patients/injury-evaluation-treatment/head-neck-back/thoracic-outlet-syndrome-more-than-just-a-pain-in-the-neck</ref>
3 KB (399 words) - 22:33, 16 February 2022
...ine rotation and lateral flexion combined motion in the examination of the thoracic outlet. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1990; 71: 343-344.</ref><ref>Lindgren KA, Lei
* The cervical spine is passively and maximally rotated away from the side being tested.
3 KB (403 words) - 17:25, 16 September 2023
...s in the axial skeleton. The first two laws solely apply to the lumbar and thoracic spinal regions, but the third applies to the entire vertebral column <
*When the spine is in neutral, sidebending to one side will be accompanied by horizontal ro
4 KB (562 words) - 20:13, 8 September 2019
...w.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1356689X09001416#aep-abstract-id9 Thoracic outlet syndrome part 1: clinical manifestations, differentiation and treatm
The pulse disappearance indicates a positive test result for thoracic outlet syndrome
2 KB (329 words) - 23:52, 31 January 2021
...d intrinsic [[Back Muscles|back muscles]] of the thoracolumbar region. The thoracic nerves also supply some of the areas of skin over the abdomen and axilla.
...ilable:https://www.marylandbackandneckpaindoctors.com/symptoms-of-thoracic-spine-nerve-damage/ (accessed 7,2,2022)</ref>.
6 KB (958 words) - 18:59, 8 March 2024
...ion, when both splenius cervicis muscles contract they extend the cervical spine. <ref name=":0">Palastanga, N., & Soames, R. (2012). Anatomy and human move
...tid artery. Dorsal branches of the posterior intercostal arteries from the thoracic aorta. <ref name=":1">Kenhub. 2021. ''Splenius cervicis muscle''. [online]
2 KB (257 words) - 12:45, 26 November 2021
...icial of the transversospinalis muscle group. Its attachment sites are the thoracic vertebrae (semispinalis thoracis), cervical vertebrae ([[Semispinalis Cervi
...pans the whole length of the vertebral column, it is most developed in the thoracic region. It consists of 2 part long and short rotatores.
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...nostic tool used in the identification of [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)]]. It is also known as the “elevated arm stress tes
Please refer to the [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)]] page.
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These joints run from the first thoracic vertebra (T1) to the tenth thoracic vertebra (T10) and are surrounded by a weak articular capsule. This thin ca
...ons: a comprehensive review with application to approaches to the thoracic spine]. Cureus. 2016 Nov 11;8(11).</ref>
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Thoracic back pain is more likely to be caused by serious underlying pathology than
* Thoracic spine pain often has a musculoskeletal origin related to poor posture or overuse
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...es</ref> Often penetrated by the dorsal scapular<ref name=":0" /> and long thoracic nerves<ref name=":1">Bordoni B, Varacallo M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
...s in the ipsilateral upper limb<ref name=":1" />. Please see the page on [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|TOS]] for more information regarding this syndrome.
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...vertebrae. There are two psoas minors, if present, one on each side of the spine.
[[Category:Thoracic Spine]]
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* Longissimus thoracis (thoracic part): L1-L5 spinous and transverse processes, sacral posterior surface an
* Longissimus thoracis (thoracic part): T1-T12 transverse processes and the angles of ribs 7-12
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...ces the spine at end of [[Range of Motion|range of motion]] and leaves the spine prone to acute and chronic injuries.
...1 Lower Back Injury Prevention and Sensitization of Hip Hinge with Neutral Spine Using Wearable Sensors during Lifting Exercises.] Sensors. 2021 Aug 14;21(1
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In the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] and thoracic regions it has a uniform width over the bodies and discs, but in the [[Lumb
...his is significant in understanding certain pathological conditions of the spine such as the typical location for a spinal disc herniation.
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=== Head & Cervical Spine ===
*[[Surgical & Post‐op Management of Cervical Spine Stenosis|Surgical & Post-op Management of Cervical Spinal Stenosis]]
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...nts with elbow pain may benefit from treatment directed at the cervical or thoracic spines, and/or wrist.
*Prior to performing interventions directed at the spine, appropriate examination and safety screens should be performed.
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...ge P. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19563667?dopt=Abstract Thoracic spine pain in the general population: prevalence, incidence and associated factor
...broad because of many factors eg the different definitions and duration of thoracic back pain included.
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Thoracic Manipulation for Shoulder Dysfunction}}
...queira-Junior AL, Ribeiro IL, Camargo PR. Scapular kinematics pre–and post–thoracic thrust manipulation in individuals with and without shoulder impingement sy
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...ch provide cushioning between the vertebrae and absorb pressure put on the spine. It is a nearly universal condition in those who reach advanced age, but it
=== Types of Spondylosis in spine ===
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...olumn inferior to the 6th cervical (C6) vertebra and superior to the first thoracic (T1) <ref name=":0" />.
...al and thoracic regions, the C7 has some features of both the cervical and thoracic vertebrae.
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...nature<ref>Nikolai Bogduk. Clinical and Radiological Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine 5th Edition.Churchill Livingstone: Elsevier. Feb 2012.</ref><ref name=":0"
...egion, the ligaments are thin, but broad and long; they are thicker in the thoracic region, and thickest in the lumbar region.
7 KB (1,004 words) - 12:25, 24 July 2023
...ing test is an orthopaedic test used to diagnose facet joint injury in the spine especially in the lumbar and cervical region.<br>
...y with the thumbs over the spinous or transverse processes of the thoracic spine on both sides. The clinician looks for pain or hypomobility /hypermobility
2 KB (302 words) - 19:47, 30 March 2021
The ribs are the bony framework of the thoracic cavity.
...he main structure of the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] cage protecting the thoracic organs, however their main function is to aid [[Breathing Pattern Disorders
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...muscle group is a very deep layer of muscles located on either side of the spine.
# Semispinalis cervicis muscle - fascicles cover the cervical and thoracic [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]] muscles
4 KB (496 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...eir corresponding [[Thoracic Vertebrae|thoracic vertebrae]], enclosing the thoracic cage from the posterior side.[[File:Gray312.png|Costovertebral articulation
...with the load-bearing, protection, posture and scaffolding roles that the thoracic cage provides with their stabilization properties .
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Not attached to the thoracic spine, but an important group of muscles in this region is the Intercostal Group
...mentum nuchae of the neck, to the spinous processes of C7 and the thoracic spine down to T12. It connects the shoulder blade with the vertebral column and a
9 KB (1,326 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...o a compressed nerve root in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic area]] of the spine. This is the least common location for radiculopathy. The symptoms often fo
* The pinched nerve can occur at different areas along the thoracic spine
10 KB (1,299 words) - 12:41, 25 April 2020
...bending range involves pelvic, [[hip]], [[Thoracic Spine Fracture|thoracic spine]], dural and shoulder mobility</u>. However pure lumbar flexion active ROM
...lexion and true lumbar flexion measured by a dual inclinometer technique]. Spine. 1994 Dec;19(23):2698-701. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub
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...Thoracis|spinalis thoracis]] lying inferiorly in the cervical and thoracic spine. It is not a truly separate muscle, when it exists it consists of occasiona
Bilaterally extends the cervical spine and head.
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...lateral facet joints transfer loads and guide and constrain motions in the spine due to their geometry and mechanical function<ref>Nicolas V. Jaumard, Willi
...superior facet of the inferior vertebra is rather flat in the cervical and thoracic regions and more convex in the lumbar region. The opposing inferior facet o
9 KB (1,284 words) - 12:22, 29 January 2020
...n the superior [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine and the inferior lumbar spine. It consists of 12 vertebrae that are distinct in shape and function from v
The bodies of the thoracic vertebrae are medium sized and heart shaped. They are all weight-bearing an
13 KB (1,793 words) - 12:44, 27 May 2023
...ight showing [[Low Back Pain Related to Hyperlordosis|hyperlordosis lumber spine]]. This postural change is associated with increased activity of the rectus
.... thoracic kyphosis extended to the upper part of the lumbar spine (longer thoracic kyphosis is observed) 3. apparently shorter lumbar lordosis 4. normal or sl
8 KB (1,044 words) - 14:03, 21 May 2020
...e lateral branches of the posterior primary divisions (dorsal rami) of the thoracic spinal nerves.
...he lower cervical region and is innervated by the dorsal rami of the upper thoracic and lower cervical spinal nerves.
5 KB (736 words) - 02:32, 6 February 2022
...f each vertebra. These muscles are vital for allowing free movement of the spine.[[Image:250px-Iliostalis.png|Iliocostalis lumborum bottom R, iliocostalis d
...nts Iliocostalis Lumborum Available: https://www.rehabmypatient.com/lumbar-spine/iliocostalis-lumborum (accessed 1.12.2021)</ref>
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[[File:Sagittal section of the cervical spine Primal.png|right|frameless|400x400px]]
...sixth [[ribs]].<ref name=":1">Cramer GD, Darby SA. Clinical anatomy of the spine, spinal cord, and ANS-e-book.</ref>
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...m/Low_Back_Pain Low Back Pain] through interventions aimed at the thoracic spine and the hip joints.
Interventions directed at the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Thoracic Thoracic Spine] and the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Hip Hip Joints] have been found to be
8 KB (1,132 words) - 12:03, 2 August 2021
...ation mobility is an important part in examination in people with cervical spine disorders and it is especially useful for the diagnosis of [[Cervicogenic H
...1-C2 motion segment. Which can be painful for patients with lower cervical spine pain and dysfunction.<ref name=":0" />
3 KB (496 words) - 11:18, 16 February 2022
...ure (FHP), defined as the forward displacement of the head on the cervical spine, has been commonly associated with neck pain.<ref>Ghamkhar L, Kahlaee AH. [
* Stiff upper thoracic spine or rounded upper spine causing cervical spine to hyperextend to see ahead.
8 KB (1,232 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...t to Wall Distance is a routine clinical test for [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|thoracic kyphosis]] and [[Cervical Examination|cervical]] mobility. It is also known
The OWD may be abnormal in kyphosis (forward curvature of the upper thoracic spine) due<ref name=":1" />
7 KB (1,025 words) - 01:29, 27 January 2023
Adson's test is a provocative test for [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome]] accompanied by compression of the subclavian artery by a
...Ak&scisig=AAGBfm3Xykmd5qxt1OlNHZ--9PcI-YSzTA Provocative tests in cervical spine examination: historical basis and scientific analyses]". Pain Physician 6 (
9 KB (1,284 words) - 08:27, 10 February 2022
...The C1-C2 motion segment accounts for 50% of the rotation in the cervical spine.<ref name="Hall 2008">Hall TM, Robinson KW, AkasakaK. Intertester Reliabili
In this test procedure, the cervical spine is fully flexed, in an attempt to isolate movement to C1-C2, which has an u
6 KB (866 words) - 19:26, 31 January 2021
...f> The ribs form the main structure of the thoracic cage that protects the thoracic organs. There are 12 pairs of ribs which are separated by intercostal spac
* The only rib that articulates with one thoracic vertebra only (T1).<ref name=":2" />
9 KB (1,331 words) - 07:29, 19 March 2024
...portion arises from the front of the bodies of the first two or three thoracic vertebræ
Vertical portion arises from the front of the bodies of the upper three thoracic and lower three cervical vertebræ
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...hold in common the analysis of movement in the body and its effect on the spine. <ref>Functional Soft Tissue Examination and Treatment by Manual Metho
*Correction of postural discrepancies, which is a critical factor as the spine is the principle support for the organic systems, the limbs, muscles, and s
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...[[trapezius]] to form parallel bands that pass inferolaterally from the [[Thoracic Vertebrae|vertebrae]] to the medial border of the [[scapula]]. Rhomboi
...1 vertebra. It inserts at the scapula's medial border near the base of the spine of the scapula.
10 KB (1,387 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...lude:<ref name=":0">Bell-Jenje T. Assessment and Treatment of the Thoracic Spine Course. Plus , 2021.</ref>
...ning and Pathologies of the Thoracic Spine|masquerade]] as musculoskeletal thoracic pain
15 KB (2,131 words) - 11:47, 28 March 2024
...t is anterior [[Pelvic Tilt|pelvic tilt]]. This alters the position of the spine resulting in a [[Low Back Pain Related to Hyperlordosis|hyperlordosis]], wh
...s Back|Cyclists]] may develop a [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphotic thoracic spine]].
7 KB (1,078 words) - 10:24, 20 December 2023
..., Lee RY. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15883576/ Measurement of lumbar spine loads and motions during rotational mobilization.] Journal of manipulative
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
3 KB (487 words) - 15:59, 29 October 2020
== Canine Spine ==
...uns from the base of the head to the end of the tail.<ref>Cuteness. Canine Spine Anatomy.(Accessed on 2021/03/06). Available from https://www.cuteness.com/a
17 KB (2,488 words) - 06:40, 17 October 2022
[[Category:Thoracic Spine]]
The [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] is an area of the spine that has, historically, been under-explored. It can, however, be a silent c
15 KB (2,158 words) - 16:17, 13 January 2023
...ge/pain response assessment in the management of symptomatic lumbar discs. Spine J. 2003 Mar-Apr;3(2):146-54. doi: 10.1016/s1529-9430(02)00565-x. PMID: 1458
...Kenzie Approach]]) for the treatment of derangement classifications of the spine.
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...different types of spinal disorders ranging from low back pain to complex spine trauma and deformity.
* To reduce the loading of the spine e.g in the management of unstable fracture.
3 KB (411 words) - 09:10, 29 July 2021
...ning more or less vertically throughout the [[lumbar]], [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] regions. It lies in the groove to the s
...ed 30 November 2021]. Available from: https://www.wheelessonline.com/bones/spine/spinalis-cervicis/</ref> <ref name=":14">Radiopedia Erector Spinae Availabl
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[[File:SPINE ANATOMY.jpg|thumb]]
...t can no longer support the weight of the body through that segment of the spine.
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Span the whole length of the vertebral column, being most developed in the thoracic region. It consists of 2 part long and short rotatores.
* First pair is between [[Thoracic Vertebrae|T]]1 and T2, and the last is between T11 and T12. The first or la
6 KB (794 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...bone. It is a congenital overdevelopment of transverse process of cervical spine vertebra<ref>Fliegel BE, Menezes RG. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB
...ent. Available from https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/cervical-rib-thoracic-outlet-syndrome [last accessed 05/11/2020]]</ref> because of pressure on th
8 KB (1,140 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...client’s chest pain, upper back pain, shoulder pain, radiating arm pain or thoracic outlet syndrome, wrist pain, and hand pain complaints.
*[[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic outlet syndrome]]
9 KB (1,366 words) - 21:58, 21 March 2023
...]]This page outlines some Manual Techniques and Exercises for the Thoracic Spine.
...ater stages of life. Additionally, reduced ROM or strength in the thoracic spine will affect the entire kinetic chain.
15 KB (2,157 words) - 06:08, 19 April 2024
...https://www.physioadvisor.com.au/health/anatomy/ligaments/ligaments-of-the-spine/ (accessed 29 March 2019).
</ref> The ligaments are narrow and elongated in the thoracic region, broader, thicker, and quadrilateral in form in the lumbar region, a
4 KB (628 words) - 14:00, 2 April 2019
...lynn.+Staying+out+of+trouble+in+pediatric+orthopaedics.+Examination+of+the+spine.+Philadelphia,+2006.+P20-21.+Level+of+evidence:+D&ots=d_mu8QW6Af&sig=6ixw9s
...r [[Leg Length Discrepancy|limb length discrepancy]]. The [[Lumbar Anatomy|spine]] needs to be visible. The patient bends forward at the waist until the bac
8 KB (1,177 words) - 23:14, 26 January 2023
...ed [[bone]] placed on the postero-lateral aspect of the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] cage. It has 2 surfaces, 3 borders, 3 angles and 3 processes<ref>The Skel
...s divided into a supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa by the scapular spine. Anteriorly, on the costal surface, is the shallow subscapular fossa
11 KB (1,564 words) - 13:34, 26 August 2023
...that minimal force should be applied to any structure within the cervical spine i.e. low amplitude, short lever thrusts.
*The patient response to all cervical spine movements, including cervical manipulation interventions is continuously mo
10 KB (1,439 words) - 21:17, 14 April 2021
This guide gives a general overview of the anatomy of the thoracic spine. It also includes some facts regarding pathophysiology in this region.
The sagittal plane alignment of the Thoracic spine is on average 35% (normal range is 20° to 50°).<ref name=":2" />
20 KB (2,892 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...s. The Posterior Chain refers to the structures at the back of the leg and spine. The main muscles that make up the Posterior Chain are the [[Gastrocnemius|
...of chronic low back pain with lumbar extensor strengthening exercises. The Spine Journal. 2008 Feb 29;8(1):96-113.</ref> highlighted this as a way to exerci
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[[File:Osteoarthritic Spine (48605563867).png|right|frameless|alt=|476x476px]]
...and intervertebral disc degeneration: Quite different, quite similar.] JOR spine. 2018 Dec;1(4):e1033.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PM
10 KB (1,357 words) - 03:28, 3 September 2023
...at cover the [[Back Muscles|back muscles]] in the lower [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and lumbar area before passing through these muscles to attach to the [[s
..., [[spasticity]] and increased tone in the lower thoracic spine and lumbar spine / paraspinal regions causing severe [[Pain Behaviours|pain]]<nowiki/>s. <re
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...ck, being anatomically able to control segmental movements of the cervical spine in concert with the [[Cervical Deep Neck Flexors|deep cervical flexors.]]<r
...mbar Multifidus|Multifidus]] - which acts as a segmental stabiliser as the spine moves. It is thought that the unique design of the multifidus endows it wit
7 KB (1,075 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...ams for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized clinical trial. Spine. 2006;31:2541-2549.</ref><ref>Reiman MP, Weisbach PC, Glynn PE. The hips in
2. Interventions aimed at the lumbar spine have been used to treat:
7 KB (1,039 words) - 06:10, 22 March 2018
...ements in pain and disability following the application of cervicothoracic spine thrust and nonthrust manipulation. <ref name="Mintken">Mintken PE, Cleland
...manual therapy techniques were supplemented with two general cervical and thoracic mobility exercises. The participants performed these exercises, 10 repetiti
6 KB (694 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...icle/abs/pii/S1360859219302207 Physiotherapist survey: Increasing thoracic spine movement within the management of chronic subacromial impingement syndrome]
...t tissue compliance). In this scenario, the aim of treatment is to improve thoracic extension, especially during the identified provocative activity or activit
7 KB (1,027 words) - 15:02, 1 December 2022
...sal in humans - towards the back, dorsal in animals = directed towards the spine
* Front limb - the thoracic or pectoral limb
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==Spine==
...ass="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">[[Image:Sagittal section of the cervical spine Primal.png|200px|center]]<br>
21 KB (3,064 words) - 18:47, 14 June 2021
[[File:Latissimus+Dorsi+Origin+Spinous+processes+of+inferior+6+thoracic+vertebrae,+thoracolumbar+fascia,+iliac+crest,+and+inferior+3+or+4+ribs..jpg
...s a broad, flat muscle that occupies the majority of the lower posterior [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]]. The muscle's primary function is of the upper extremity b
11 KB (1,607 words) - 10:02, 2 April 2024
It was noticed that during crawling on all fours, at a certain moment, the spine gets exposed to a mobilizing, exercising and corrective influence, so he es
...leads to a muscle imbalance in the body leading to negative effects on the spine and leading to impairments of the same.
6 KB (868 words) - 13:58, 4 April 2024
Innervation of the QL is via the twelfth [[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|thoracic nerve]] and the spinal rami of the lumbar [[Spinal Nerves|spinal nerves]].
...texts describe the quadratus lumborum muscle as an extensor of the lumbar spine, a [[Lumbar Instability|stabilizer of the lumbar]] area, capable of [[Pelvi
7 KB (1,060 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...nerves Available: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/nerves-innervation-of-the-spine/<nowiki/>(accessed 6.2.2022)</ref>
...ht [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spinal nerve pairs, 12 [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] pairs , five [[lumbar]] pairs, five [[Sacrum|sacral]] pairs, and one cocc
6 KB (862 words) - 19:00, 8 March 2024
...of the extremities and SNAGS (sustained natural apophyseal glides) of the spine were first coined by Brian R. Mulligan <ref>Mulligan, BR: Manual Therapy �
...t if a headache stops with a manual technique involving the upper cervical spine then, this must be diagnostically significant as to the site of the lesion
10 KB (1,553 words) - 21:19, 17 October 2020
.... Manual Therapy 2009;14 (1), 52–60.</ref>. In the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] this approach is now well established. In the management of non-specific
...(2),181–191.</ref><ref name=":1" />.Changes in the alignment of the lumbar spine have been noted in subjects with flexion-related lumbar pain<ref name=":1"
14 KB (2,141 words) - 18:21, 13 July 2021
...unction, flexibility, range of motion and angle of the thoracic and lumbar spine.] ''Fisioterapia e Pesquisa'', ''23''(4), pp.394-401. Available from: htt
...d flags]], [[Spinal Masqueraders|spinal masqueraders]], suspected [[Lumbar Spine Fracture|spinal fracture]] be sure to liaise with appropriate medics and in
10 KB (1,440 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...ain/causes-intercostal-muscle-strain Causes of Intercostal Muscle Strain]. Spine-health. October 2017</ref>
...-symptoms-and-diagnosis Intercostal Muscle Strain Symptoms and Diagnosis]. Spine-health.</ref>
9 KB (1,391 words) - 16:28, 16 March 2023
...ted to the particular orientation, structure, and function of the thoracic spine in the vertebral column.
...weight of the of the axial skeleton as compared to the thoracic and sacral spine.
18 KB (2,502 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...ion (whilst paddling) increases the demands on the structures of the upper spine and associated soft tissues.
...nsion in the thoracic, increasing the demands of extension on the cervical spine.
12 KB (1,756 words) - 22:38, 15 June 2020
...ine, sitting or standing position. The examiner palpated the participant’s spine (approximately T9-T10 spinous process) with the thumbs and hands resting ov
...bit visible lateral rib expansion and no visible superior migration of the thoracic cage.<ref name=":0" />
2 KB (261 words) - 01:53, 10 May 2023
...n this line include: rounded shoulders / [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphotic spine]] (i.e. office workers) with hypomobility, neck pain and [[Headache|headach
# [[Thoracic Vertebrae|Thoracic spinous process]]
7 KB (964 words) - 18:21, 13 January 2023
# Intermediate: attached to the posterior [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]]
...he back. Unilaterally they assist with lateral bending and rotation of the spine<ref name=":0" />.
8 KB (1,054 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...:e0222822.</ref> However, it is often difficult to distinguish whether the spine or limb is the primary cause of lameness in a horse as spinal problems are
...ical assessment. This page will discuss assessments specific to the equine spine that are not discussed in detail in the [[Objective Assessment of the Equin
17 KB (2,705 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
...ct of the scapula, between the superior angle and the root of the scapular spine. Its function is to assist with various neck, arm and shoulder movements su
...ah Falla, James M. Elliott, Gwendolen Jull. Muscle Dysfunction in Cervical Spine Pain: Implications for Assessment and Management. Journal of Orthopaedic &a
8 KB (1,237 words) - 16:55, 9 December 2020
...trachea)<ref name=":0">Lang, J., 1993. ''Clinical anatomy of the cervical spine''. Stuttgart; New York: Thieme.</ref> is located at the anterior aspect of
...o, D., Lee, S. and Kim, I., 2013. ''Surgical Anatomy and Techniques to the Spine E-Book''. Elsevier Health Sciences.</ref>
9 KB (1,255 words) - 19:01, 8 March 2024
...ortant role in back health. It also acts to both laterally flex the lumbar spine and assists with flexion and external rotation of the hip.<ref name=":2">Bo
...h it. Superficially, it originates along the lateral surface of the distal thoracic vertebrae and adjacent intervertebral discs. The deeper portion originates
8 KB (1,218 words) - 23:54, 31 March 2024
...if warranted; [[Posture|postural]] issues: [[Cervical Examination|cervical spine]] alignment; nerve and muscle lengths; [[muscle]] strength.
*Cervical spine and carpal bone mobilisation
8 KB (1,200 words) - 19:07, 15 August 2023
...istance, photographically derived trunk flexion angle, and inclinometric [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis]] measure)<ref name=":3" />. It has also shown the ability t
...ormative data using a seated TWT<ref>Finsback C, Mannerkorpi K. Spinal and thoracic mobility-age-related reference values for healthy men and women. Nordisk fy
7 KB (911 words) - 01:23, 27 January 2023
...he ULTT's are equivalent to the straight leg raise designed for the lumbar spine.
...d. To further sensitise the upper limb tests, side flexion of the cervical spine can be added<ref>Wells P. Cervical dysfunction and shoulder problems. Physi
13 KB (1,862 words) - 19:12, 8 March 2024
...10.1186/1471-2474-8-90 Reliability of movement control tests in the lumbar spine.] BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2007 Dec;8(1):1-1.<ref name=":1" />
...10.1186/1471-2474-8-90 Reliability of movement control tests in the lumbar spine.] BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2007 Dec;8(1):1-1.</ref>
9 KB (1,343 words) - 23:18, 2 February 2023
...evier; 2006</ref> and the medial border is about 6 cms lateral to the spine.
...inal” axis perpendicular to the axis running from the root of the scapular spine to the AC joint.
11 KB (1,764 words) - 21:53, 29 August 2019
...elderly|falls]], assaults - most common injury is blunt [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] trauma, occurring in 50% of cases
...rams|home exercise plan]] eg postural exercises, deep breathing exercises, thoracic rotation exercises.
8 KB (1,060 words) - 14:00, 29 January 2024
[[File:Osteoprosis of Spine.jpg|thumb|Osteoprosis of Spine]]The effects of bone structure changes may bring about:
...bral discs]], result in a curved and shortened spine and possible</span> [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|poor posture]], leads to pain, reduced mobility, and other mu
6 KB (768 words) - 12:04, 19 December 2022
...ve the patient slump forward at the thoracic and [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] spine. If this position does not cause pain, have the patient flex the neck by pl
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
4 KB (667 words) - 22:51, 31 January 2021
...sses<ref name=":3">Spine Health Spinal Manipulation Available: https://www.spine-health.com/glossary/spinal-manipulation (accessed 13.6.2021)</ref>.
...back pain who demonstrate short-term improvement with spinal manipulation. Spine. 2002;27(24):2835-2843.</ref>Criteria included in the five factor predictor
15 KB (2,155 words) - 12:31, 17 October 2023
An orthopaedic doctor will generally prescribe a back brace to keep the spine from developing more of a curve. There are several braces for sale in the m
...f><ref>Horng MH, Kuok CP, Fu MJ, Lin CJ, Sun YN. Cobb angle measurement of spine from X-ray images using convolutional neural network. Computational and mat
5 KB (645 words) - 13:20, 31 July 2023
...id=30774207&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pmc t of forward head posture on thoracic shape and respiratory function]. Journal of physical therapy science. 2019;
* Thoracic Kyphosis is a complication of the combination of slouched-forward shoulders
12 KB (1,591 words) - 17:26, 22 November 2022
...; Arms bend at elbow or sway excessively forward - Potential Dysfunction: Thoracic or Shoulder mobility
...xcessively flexes for extends - Potential Dysfunction, hip mobility and/or thoracic mobility<ref>Webexercises [https://blog.webexercises.com/the-squat-assessme
5 KB (680 words) - 02:02, 20 February 2022
...J, Kahle K. Diagnostic pitfalls in spine surgery: masqueraders of surgical spine disease. Neurosurgical Focus. 2011;31(4).</ref>. Although the percentage of
*Back pain is usually mid thoracic and may radiate to the arm or axilla.
4 KB (599 words) - 11:30, 28 August 2023
...n early fetal development and in turn cause structural problems within the spine and spinal cord. These deformities can range from mild to severe and may ca
...ngenital spinal deformities Available:https://khavkinclinic.com/congential-spine-deformities/ (accessed 10.10.2021)</ref>
17 KB (2,458 words) - 15:25, 9 January 2023
...ent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can be defined as abnormal curvature of the spine with a [[Cobb's angle]] greater than 10 degrees, when measured in the coron
...t of the anterior. Vertebral bodies become distorted and rotate within the spine in order to make room for themselves due to the impediment of the anterior
11 KB (1,577 words) - 17:17, 1 June 2021
...of her neck. Personal and familial history of hypothyroidism. Cervical and thoracic ROM limited in several directions.
...Cervical extension 35 degrees. Left cervical rotation 26 degrees. Thoracic spine flexion limited to 10 degrees. Side bending bilaterally limited to 15 degre
7 KB (994 words) - 15:15, 6 September 2021
...lving upper limb parathaesia, weakness with reduced [[Thoracic Examination|thoracic movement]] and tenderness on palpation of the T4 vertebra.<ref>Miyuki Hirai
A typical [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] vertebra has a total of six joints with neighboring vertebrae: four [[Joi
16 KB (2,184 words) - 01:09, 21 November 2023
...and can be described as an exaggerated anterior curvature of the thoracic spine that is associated with aging<ref name="Jang et al." />
* Anterior curvature of the thoracic spine is normal and present due to the shape of the vertebral bodies and interver
19 KB (2,697 words) - 04:41, 21 November 2022
...etching (neuropraxia,), tearing (called “avulsion” when the tear is at the spine, and “rupture” when it is not), or scarring (neuroma) of the brachial p
# Avulsion, in which the nerve is severed from the spine.
7 KB (1,072 words) - 16:51, 9 May 2023
...ination of active and passive movement (shoulder, cervical spine, thoracic spine), neurological exam, special tests, and palpation should be performed. Once
* Spinal manipulation to cervical and thoracic spine
11 KB (1,501 words) - 22:00, 19 November 2021
Long Thoracic C5-C6-C7
| rowspan="2" align="center" width="25%" | Long Thoracic C5-C6-C7
14 KB (1,878 words) - 11:27, 18 August 2022
* '''Mobility''' of the cervical spine.
...ive strain. Prolonged sitting posture affects the natural curvature of the spine, while also increasing the pressure on vertebral discs, ligaments, and musc
10 KB (1,410 words) - 14:36, 29 January 2024
...pg|thumb|Figure 1. Thoracic kyphosis. ]][[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|Increased thoracic kyphosis]] (see Figure 1)
* Lordosis of the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]] inhibits laryngeal elevation and affects swallowing<ref>Sato K, Chitose S
18 KB (2,563 words) - 20:05, 9 January 2024
...chronic_low_back_pain Outcome measures in chronic low back pain.] European Spine Journal. 2010 Sep 1;19(9):1484-94.</ref>
...chronic_low_back_pain Outcome measures in chronic low back pain.] European Spine Journal. 2010 Sep 1;19(9):1484-94.</ref>
7 KB (965 words) - 13:07, 13 September 2021
...extends downwards from the [[brainstem]] through the central column of the spine. It is a relatively small bundle of tissue (weighing 35g and just about 1cm
...[[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] region and lowest in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] region. The spinal cord (similar to the brain) is protected by three laye
12 KB (1,785 words) - 18:31, 17 January 2023
Spine AROM:
*Thoracic Flexion=30 deg
4 KB (654 words) - 19:43, 13 October 2019
*[[Thoracic Examination|Thoracic Spine Examination]]<br>
4 KB (577 words) - 12:17, 2 August 2021
[[File:Thoracic grade 2 T6 PA mobilisations.png|right|frameless]]
The [[Thoracic Anatomy|Thoracic Spine]] has a complex and often overlooked role within the body. It is a key area
25 KB (3,520 words) - 00:01, 11 December 2020
...1;12(2):e053999.</ref>[[File:C-spine-picture.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Cervical spine]]
== Cervical Spine Structure ==
35 KB (4,842 words) - 10:49, 1 September 2023
* The [[sternum]] is a flat bone, located in the center of the anterior thoracic wall. It consists of three segments; manubrium (uppermost part)
* Patients with severe thoracic kyphosis, [[Osteoporosis disease|osteoporosis]], or osteopenia can develop
9 KB (1,311 words) - 05:36, 19 November 2021
...c pathologies. This article discusses the key anatomical structures of the thoracic vertebrae and rib cage, including the bony structures, articulations, ligam
== Thoracic Spine Structure ==
38 KB (5,505 words) - 08:10, 20 July 2023
...uxation, spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality, and multiple thoracic compression fracture<ref name=":0">Basu S (2012) Spinal injuries in childre
# Only about 2% to 5% being spine injuries <ref>Cirak B, Ziegfeld S, Knight VM, Chang D, Avellino AM, Paidas
13 KB (1,818 words) - 17:48, 16 March 2022
...l action of the posterior superior/posterior inferior reduces extension of thoracic vertebrae.
Unilateral action rotates the spine to opposite side.
6 KB (806 words) - 21:36, 19 April 2024
...man spine: 6 in the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] region (neck), 12 in the thoracic region (middle back), and 5 in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar region]] (lower
...at deal of strength. They also provide a shock-absorbing effect within the spine and prevent the vertebrae from grinding together. They consist of three maj
14 KB (2,100 words) - 02:18, 2 April 2024
...umatic pneumorrhachis: etiology, pathomechanism, diagnosis, and treatment. Spine J. 2011 Feb;11(2):153-7. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.12.010. PMID: 21296300.
...its and a few cases are as a result of stab injuries to the lower cervical spine.<ref>Traumatic pneumorrhachis: 2 cases and review of the literature Hasan K
12 KB (1,525 words) - 11:12, 5 May 2023
...osis is an external aid that is used to correct and support the spine. The spine is a complex anatomical structure and is key to our function. It is not pos
* Maintains alignment of spine
18 KB (2,546 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...a fairly rigid structure. This is why the ribcage remains elevated and the spine in flexion in many children with Cerebral Palsy. They have difficulty to ex
Erectors of the lumbar spine and rectus abdominus muscles are easy to recruit because they are superfici
19 KB (2,702 words) - 10:14, 2 November 2023
...Clinical Center. http://www.umm.edu/programs/spine/health/guides/cervical-spine-anatomy. Accessed 21 april 2017.</ref><ref name="Gray">Gray H. Gray's Anato
...ar regions of the spine. Unlike the other parts of the spine, the cervical spine has transverse foramina in each vertebra for the vertebral arteries that su
15 KB (2,243 words) - 10:15, 24 January 2022
...[Lymphatic System|lymphatic system]], [[Brachial Plexus|brachial plexus]], spine, second and third [[ribs]], stellate [[ganglion]], and the [[Sympathetic Ne
...ocated at the bottom of the cervical spine in connection with the thoracic spine and is related to the sympathetic nervous system. Invasion of this may resu
12 KB (1,665 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
The '''lumbar plexus''' is a complex neural network formed by the lower thoracic and lumbar ventral nerve roots. They are formed where T12 to L5 exit the [
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
6 KB (893 words) - 04:26, 22 January 2024
...-72. </ref> The five types of cancer that are most likely to spread to the spine are:<ref name=":2">Finucane L. Spinal Malignancy Course. Plus 2020. </ref>
It is not entirely understood how MBD spreads, but its propensity for the spine is considered to be due to haematogenous spread via the venous or arterial
14 KB (2,224 words) - 02:29, 1 May 2023
...f>WebMd. [https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/guide/spinal-stenosis#1 Cervical spine stenosis.] Available from: https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/guide/spinal-ste
...s most commonly in either the [[Lumbar|lumbar]] or cervical regions of the spine. Abnormalities that can lead to stenosis are twice as likely to be seen on
17 KB (2,296 words) - 17:40, 17 October 2020
The thoracic wall consists of the
* 12 thoracic vertebrae posteriorly,
16 KB (2,363 words) - 17:43, 25 April 2023
...nd have the necessary clinical reasoning skills to either clear the lumbar spine or diagnose lumbar pathology.
...J, Kahle K. Diagnostic pitfalls in spine surgery: masqueraders of surgical spine disease. Neurosurgical Focus. 2011;31(4).</ref> - so these too much be cons
15 KB (2,238 words) - 10:13, 11 January 2023
...ed Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine">Ombregt, L. Applied Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine. Chapter 31 In: A System of Orthopaedic Medicine. Elsevier, 2013.</ref>
The vertebral foramen is triangular in shape and is larger than in the thoracic vertebrae but smaller than in the cervical vertebrae.
12 KB (1,649 words) - 22:08, 19 June 2023
...Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. Spine 2000;25(24):3115-24</ref>
...y) to 24 (max. disability) depending on the questionnaire used. <ref name="Spine" /> Roland and Morris omitted describing the various levels of disability (
7 KB (1,094 words) - 11:03, 29 November 2022
...ll of these conditions must be considered when assessing patients who have thoracic pain.
...ditional information on thoracic spine musculature is available [[Thoracic Spine Major Muscles|here]].
24 KB (3,497 words) - 11:31, 18 August 2022
...ue originally developed by Blanch that involves a synchronized movement of thoracic extension, [[Glenohumeral Joint|glenohumeral joint]] (GHJ) flexion, scapula
* shoulder (glenohumeral joint and scapulo-thoracic joint) and thoracic spine flexibility. <ref name=":0" />
6 KB (903 words) - 09:53, 3 January 2020
== Cervico-Thoracic ==
...s://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/cp94b.pdf Acute Thoracic Spinal Pain] from the Australian Acute Musculoskeletal Pain Guidelines Grou
15 KB (2,084 words) - 19:01, 24 September 2016
* The [[Pelvic Landmarks|posterior superior iliac spine.]]
* The transverse processes of the [[Thoracic Vertebrae|thoracic vertebrae]].<ref>Study,com Multifidus Available:https://study.com/academy/l
11 KB (1,714 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...een the active ([[Paraspinal Muscles|muscles]]), passive (osteoligamentous spine), and neural components is necessary to prevent [[Lumbar Instability|instab
...l movements result in various forces acting on the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] and [[sacrum]], that is:
11 KB (1,687 words) - 02:52, 29 November 2022
[[Category:Thoracic Spine]]
[[Category:Thoracic Spine - Anatomy]]
12 KB (1,789 words) - 18:32, 17 March 2023
* [[Thoracic Back Pain|Thoracic pain]]
...d flags presented in current low back pain guidelines: a review.] European Spine Journal. 2016 Sep 1;25(9):2788-802. </ref> or when clinicians should act<re
14 KB (2,101 words) - 10:12, 20 December 2023
...cic spine of greater than 40°.<ref name=":3">Fon GT, Pitt MJ, Thies Jr AC. Thoracic kyphosis: range in normal subjects. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1980
...accepted thresholds for defining either hyperkyphosis or “normal” thoracic spine changes associated with aging<ref name=":0">Kado DM, Prenovost K, Crandall
23 KB (3,199 words) - 06:59, 30 April 2020
...s an observable deformity. Scoliosis is defined by the [[Cobb's angle]] of spine curvature in the coronal plane and is often accompanied by vertebral rotati
* [[Congenital Spine Deformities|Congenital]] - present from birth due to defects of formation,
14 KB (2,019 words) - 18:49, 29 April 2024
*[[Cervical Radiculopathy|Cervical radiculopathy]] and [[Thoracic Disc Syndrome]]<ref name="Macdermid et al" />
...ersus region specific functional status measures on patients with cervical spine disorders. Physical Therapy, 1998;78:951-963</ref>.
11 KB (1,767 words) - 11:43, 15 November 2023
...distributing the transmitted forces to the [[Thoracic Vertebrae|thoracic]] spine.
..., Exercise-induced rib stress fractures: potential risk factors related to thoracic muscle co-contraction and movement pattern; Scand J Med Sci 2006; 15:188-19
14 KB (2,205 words) - 02:24, 27 January 2023
...reased flexion of the hips, and a compensatory hyperlordosis in the lumbar spine.
...re in other parts of the body, such as: [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|increased thoracic kyphosis]] and increased cervical lordosis.<ref name="Ishida" /><ref name="
16 KB (2,431 words) - 16:46, 15 December 2022
The [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] supports much of the upper body's weight. [[Intervertebral disc|Intervert
== Lumbar Spine Structure ==
27 KB (3,999 words) - 02:49, 28 August 2023
...l examination and patient self-report measures for cervical radiculopathy. Spine 2003;28(1):52-62.</ref>:'''positive upper limb tension test A''' (ULTTa), '
...cores ranged from 13% to 88%, 5 of 6 patients demonstrated normal cervical spine motion, and 4 of 6 patients did not test positive for any of the CPR criter
5 KB (753 words) - 19:21, 13 September 2019
...dure that removes a portion of a vertebra called the lamina. It is a major spine operation with residual scar tissue and may result in post-laminectomy synd
...for bilateral decompression and open laminectomy. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine. 2014 Aug 1;21(2):179-86.</ref><ref>Estefan M, GO CW. Laminectomy.</ref>
13 KB (1,759 words) - 14:43, 29 June 2023
== Scapula Spine Distance: SSD ==
...s measured with the arms at the sides. The reference point on the thoracic spine is defined as the nearest spinous process. A difference of more than 1.0 cm
11 KB (1,591 words) - 12:39, 27 October 2021
...ntroduces the anatomy of the canine front limb, also known as forelimb and thoracic limb.
[[File:Canine thoracic limb lateral view.jpeg|left|thumb]] [[File:Canine bonnes of left forelimb.j
19 KB (2,783 words) - 23:14, 3 January 2023
...e]] extending from the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] to [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] region on the posterior aspect of the neck and trunk. The human trapezius
...capula]], and to head [[balance]] through muscular control of the cervical spine.
12 KB (1,714 words) - 13:29, 18 March 2023
...For example, a nerve root impingement in the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine may result in pain and weakness in the forearm. Similarly, an impingement i
...rvical radiculopathy in the United States military: 2000 to 2009. Clinical Spine Surgery. 2012 Feb 1;25(1):17-22.</ref>. Private insurance is found to be th
16 KB (2,204 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...rior scalene muscle,]] passes over the dome of the pleura and enters the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] posterior to the subclavian vein. The right and left phren
...al pleura and can be injured while dissecting near the area of an internal thoracic artery.
8 KB (1,169 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...patient and places his thumbs directly under each posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS).<ref name="p2" />
...tarting with flexing the neck, then the upper thoracic spine to the lumbar spine, and as far as possible while keeping the knees extended. The therapist wil
8 KB (1,150 words) - 00:19, 14 March 2021
...r region of the cervical spine, from the superior nuchal line to the first thoracic spinous process". The Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Ne
...hould follow the usual [[Cervical Examination|examination for the cervical spine]]. However it is important to be aware of the differing impairments that i
10 KB (1,445 words) - 11:50, 15 November 2023
...ven vertebrae as well as articulations with the occiput and upper thoracic spine, each with different axes of movement which can combine in a multitude of w
Movements of the cervical spine are 1) constrained by the [[Anatomy cervical|anatomy]] of motion segments a
18 KB (2,841 words) - 12:07, 19 March 2024
Information on a full cervical spine examination is discussed [[Cervical Examination|here]], including the subje
* Cervical spine instability
17 KB (2,510 words) - 00:31, 28 December 2022
...or equal to 5 degrees in 3 or more adjacent vertebral bodies. The thoracic spine is most commonly involved, although involvement can include the thoracolumb
* The thoracic form is most common and has an apex between T7-T9.
25 KB (3,461 words) - 11:35, 12 March 2022
...279-5#Sec7 Low back pain: critical assessment of various scales.] European Spine Journal. 2020 Mar;29:503-18.</ref>.
...ex. Part 1: cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity. European spine journal. 2006 Feb;15:55-65.</ref>.
8 KB (1,122 words) - 22:13, 30 July 2023
...amus of the 1st thoracic nerve. Branches from the 4th cervical and the 2nd thoracic ventral ramus may contribute. <ref name=":9" />
...the brachial plexus can occur between the first rib and clavicle (known as thoracic outlet) and below pectoralis minor <ref name=":9">Anatomy.tv | 3D Human Ana
20 KB (2,786 words) - 00:15, 24 March 2024
...ei=33D_Y-b6G8K1ywTR2b-ACw&scisig=AAGBfm0_NiE12NAJ6fxWp2LhTVd1yZ0_wA Canine Thoracic Costovertebral and Costotransverse Joints:] Three Case Reports of Dysfuncti
...rscapular pain], university of johannesburg, 2015 </ref> Together with the thoracic cage, the costovertebral and costotransverse joints provide stability.<ref
35 KB (5,073 words) - 17:45, 1 March 2023
...ic adverse effects has been associated with manual therapy of the cervical spine. The most serious associated adverse events include [[Vascular Pathologies
...ssist physiotherapists to practice safe manual therapy within the cervical spine region with the awareness and knowledge to be able to manage the risks and
8 KB (1,133 words) - 18:48, 6 May 2021
...exercise program without limitations from pain or lack of stability in his spine. Pt inquired about the possible effects of his Crohn’s Disease in correla
* Posture: In standing patient displays increased thoracic kyphosis, forward head, protracted shoulders, increased lumbar lordosis as
17 KB (2,454 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
[[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|Spinal nerves T7 to T12]] (ventral rami) . T7 innervates
* Flexion of the trunk (flexion of thoracic and lumber spine), while it works by drawing pubic symphysis and sternum toward each other.
6 KB (840 words) - 07:01, 19 December 2021
* In cervical and high thoracic SCI lesions, the synergy between [[Sympathetic Nervous System|sympathetic]]
...with [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] and high [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] spine injury); occurs at anytime from the onset of injury, frequently following a
7 KB (989 words) - 13:38, 8 January 2023
# [[Cervical Anatomy|Cervical spine]] - extension and side flexion show the greatest reduction in ROM.
...t factors on lumbar segmental range of motion using multivariate analysis. Spine 33:1793-1799, 2008</ref>.
10 KB (1,436 words) - 02:33, 14 August 2022
...tebrae|thoracic spine]] [[Fracture|fractures]] occur in the lower thoracic spine, with 60% to 70% of thoraco-lumbar fractures occurring in the T11 to L2 reg
...ury. 2009 Feb 1;40(2):166-72.</ref> Minor trauma can also cause a thoracic spine fracture in individuals who have a condition associated with loss of bone m
27 KB (3,809 words) - 20:48, 17 October 2020
...ding of this anatomy is essential for assessment and treatment of cervical spine problems.
....gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356370/ (last accessed 28.1.2020)</ref> The cervical spine is subjected to extrinsic factors such as repetitive movements, whole body
21 KB (2,995 words) - 17:23, 26 June 2023
...culus. Synapses with the excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the cervical spine. <ref name="Fitzgerald" />
* Innervates interneurons in the cervical and upper thoracic spine. <ref name="Gjelsvik">Gjelsvik BEB. The Bobath Concept in Adult Neurol
6 KB (827 words) - 06:01, 27 April 2022
...107/.</ref>The longissimus capitis and longus colli stabilize the cervical spine anteriorly; injury to these muscles can occur with a high velocity whiplash
Dorsal rami of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves (C6 to T4).<ref name="ae">http://www.anatomyexpert.com/struct
7 KB (1,049 words) - 00:22, 26 November 2023
...ress, muscle tension, hormonal fluctuations, nerve compression or cervical spine or temporomandibular joint dysfunction <ref name=":0">Goodman CC, Heick J,
...r musculoskeletal cause (e.g., dysfunction of the cervical spine, thoracic spine, or temporomandibular joints; muscle tension, poor posture, nerve impingeme
8 KB (1,043 words) - 19:11, 17 October 2020
...acts as a corset contributing to the inter-segmental control of the lumbar spine, rather than contributing in trunk flexion<ref name=":0" />.
* Adjust the [[Pelvic Tilt|pelvis]] so that the lumbar spine is in the neutral position.
7 KB (992 words) - 05:38, 3 January 2022
...br>These ossifications are mostly seen in the axial skeleton, of which the thoracic region is the main location <ref name="p1" /><ref name="p3" /><ref name="Ma
...">Giles LGF, Singer KP, Vol.3: Clinical anatomy and management of cervical spine pain. Butterworth Heinemann, 2001, second edition, p.103-104</ref><ref nam
18 KB (2,537 words) - 14:20, 29 November 2023
...espiratory system (diaphragm).<ref>P. Holck et al. Anatomy of the cervical spine. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2010;130:29-32 [Level 1]</ref><ref>K.L. Moore et al
...uma 2012 [Level 2]</ref><ref name="Torretti">J.A. Torretti et al. Cervical spine trauma. Indian J Orthop. 2007;41(4):255-267 [Level 2]</ref><ref name="Prypu
12 KB (1,851 words) - 22:29, 15 June 2020
* Running<ref>Morton DP, Aune T. Runner’s stitch and the thoracic spine. British journal of sports medicine. 2004 Apr 1;38(2):240-.</ref>
4 KB (528 words) - 18:06, 17 October 2020
...dra SL, Fessler RG, Liu JC. Maximizing the potential of minimally invasive spine surgery in complex spinal disorders. Neurosurgical focus. 2008 Aug 1;25(2):
...be|_lUhQLFHriw|300}}<ref>Fortis Healthcare. Vertebroplasty & Kyphoplasty ( Spine Surgery) Neuro Surgery; Fortis Healthcare,India. Available from: http://www
15 KB (2,177 words) - 01:11, 29 June 2020
This page introduces the Anatomy of Equine Spine and Head.
...pairs of ribs, out of a total of 18.<ref name=":1">Van der Walt A. Equine Spine and Head Presentation. Plus , 2021.</ref>
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..., Kavishwar RA, Shetty AP, Shanmuganathan R. Spondylolysis of the Thoracic Spine with Instability: A Rare Cause for Myelopathy. JBJS Case Connector. 2022 Ja
Follow this link for more on [[Thoracic Spondylolysis]]<br>
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...s warranted to determine the extent and nature of the relationship between thoracic manipulation and shoulder pain.
This case report indicates manipulations directed to the thoracic spine may be a useful adjunct to pragmatic treatment for patients with shoulder p
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[[Lumbar]] Spine Fusion is an effective treatment option to stabilise the painful motion seg
Today, most spine surgeons use pedicle screw constructs to immobilise the vertebrae rigidly w
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...l., 2015).]][[Scoliosis]] can be described as an abnormal curvature of the spine. The [[Cobb's angle|Cobb angle]] (fig.2) and Risser sign are measures commo
...epidemiological study for 43,630 pupils in Niigata City, Japan.] European Spine Journal. 2011 Feb 1;20(2):274-9.</ref><ref name=":3">Joncas, J., Labelle, H
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...'Keeffe, M., O'Sullivan, K., Lewis, J., & McCreesh, K. (2016). Is thoracic spine posture associated with shoulder pain, range of motion and function? A syst
...vements.<ref>Dunk, N. M., Callaghan, J. P., & McGill, S. M. (2005). Lumbar spine movement patterns during prolonged sitting differentiate low back pain deve
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...e progressive, typically continuing after the growth of the individual and spine has ceased.<ref name=":0" />Its progressive nature is more often seen in co
* Intraspinal and congenital abnormalities of the spine
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...nly related symptoms are back pain, [[Kyphosis|kyphotic]] deformity of the spine, lower limb weakness, and [[paraplegia]]. <ref name=":0">Radiopedia Tu
Tuberculous spondylitis is one of the more common infections of spine in countries where TB is prevalent. Unfortunately, the incidence of Pott Di
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...[[Atlas|C1]] has no corresponding dermatomal area), 12 [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] nerves, 5 [[lumbar]] nerves and 5 [[Sacrum|sacral]] nerves. Each of these
| rowspan="3" |Thoracic
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...may also have other skeletal abnormalities, such as short stature, curved spine, or malformed pelvis.
...wide-open sutures, patent fontanels, cone-shaped thorax with narrow upper thoracic diameter, hand deformities, abnormal dentition. Molecular genetic testing o
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...uction to Cervicogenic Headaches|here]]. Dysfunction in the upper cervical spine is recognised as the source of CGH.<ref name=":0">Biondi DM. Cervicogenic h
...ith Moderate Neck Pain Have Increased Anterior Positioning of the Cervical Spine and Stiffness of Upper Trapezius Myofascial Tissue in Sitting Posture. PM R
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=== Shoulder, Cervical Spine and Thoracic Spine ===
....gov/pmc/articles/PMC7093973/ The effect of manual therapy to the thoracic spine on pain-free grip and sympathetic activity in patients with lateral epicond
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*[[Manual Therapy Techniques For The Lumbar Spine]]
* [[The Effectiveness of Manual Therapies on the Thoracic Spine]]
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...performed under fluoroscopic, or [[CT Scans|CT]] image guidance (cervical, thoracic or most commonly lumbosacral facet joints can be injected)
...of adjacent vertebra <ref name="Strayer,A. 2005">Strayer,A., 2005. Lumbar Spine: Common Pathology and Interventions. The Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 3
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...the surrounding bony structures ([[Ribs|rib]] cage, cervical and thoracic spine, upper pelvic area) as well as the [[Muscles of Respiration|muscles of resp
...ally ventilated patients without pneumonia—a narrative review.] Journal of thoracic disease. 2017;9(1): E44. DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.01.32 </ref>
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...he ULTT's are equivalent to the straight leg raise designed for the lumbar spine.
...n of the cervical spine Primal.png|thumb| Sagittal section of the cervical spine ]]ULTT are performed to assess peripheral nerve mobility and compression o
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...Joints|Facet]] arthrosis is a painful [[arthritis]]-like condition of the spine caused by degeneration of the joints between the spinal bones.
...ertebrae posteriorly and and help with twisting and turning motions of the spine. <ref name=":0">Brennan D. Facet arthrosis: What is it and what causes it?
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...nts is barrel-shaped and rigid; ribs are elevated and perpendicular to the spine
...depress and develop an angulation in relation to their attachment with the spine - this is due to the diaphragm pull and forces from sitting/standing/walkin
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...main goal of neck collars is to prevent or minimise motion in the cervical spine.
...s supporting, such as cervical orthosis, head cervical orthosis or cervico-thoracic orthosis for example.
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=== Exclude Cx spine ===
...t tissue compliance). In this scenario, the aim of treatment is to improve thoracic extension, especially during the identified provocative activity or activit
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*upper thoracic spine mobility stretch
** increased [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|thoracic kyphosis]]
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Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It is most often diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence.
The spine's normal curves occur at the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions in the so-called “sagittal” plane. These natural cur
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...the costoscalene hiatus.<ref name="p1">Pollak E W. Surgical anatomy of the thoracic outIet syndrome. Surg Gynaec Obstet 1980; 150: 97 - 103</ref> The cost
...s usually showing no more than minimal degenerative change of the cervical spine and acromioclavicular joint exclude most other conditions to be considered
8 KB (1,221 words) - 20:01, 27 January 2023
...it can also occur in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and [[Lumbar|lumbar spine]].<ref name=":0">Seidenwurm, D. J., & Expert Panel on Neurologic Imaging. (
...to the sacrum and pelvis. The cervical region consists of 7 vertebrae, the thoracic region of 12 vertebrae and the lumbar region of 5 vertebrae.
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...vical Anatomy|cervical]], thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions. The lumbar spine consists of 5 moveable vertebrae (numbered L1-L5). The lumbar vertebrae, as
...vertebrae have several features distinct from those typical of cervical or thoracic vertebrae.<ref name=":0" />
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...ecific and radiological predictive factors for curve progression. European Spine Journal. 2021 Mar 26;30(7):1813–22.</ref>
...uropean Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society] [Internet]. 2020 Apr 1;29(4):786–93. </ref>. Adolescent
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...s). It also introduces the Proposed Classification System for the Cervical Spine.
...es/PMC8639967/ Consensus practice guidelines on interventions for cervical spine (facet) joint pain from a multispecialty international working group]. Regi
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'''Range of Motion and Power – Cervical Spine'''
...ted of upper limb neural stretches, maitland mobilisations of the cervical spine and a home programme of stretching and strengthening exercises. Throughou
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...healthcare professional should rule out structural causes of the cervical spine first.
...dy of facial -, tongue -, sternocleidomastoid -, trapezius -, cervical and thoracic spinal muscles.
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...abdominal muscles creates a rigid cylinder which decreases the load on the spine.<ref name=":4" />
...ces the abdominal contents and helps support the lower back. It increases spine stiffness during functional posture and movements.
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...ing [[Neck Pain: Clinical Practice Guidelines|neck]], [[Thoracic Back Pain|thoracic]] and [[Low Back Pain|lumbar pain]]) is a common presenting condition in ph
...edicine. 2022 Jan 1;56(1):41-50.</ref> (i.e. pain that is generated by the spine, [[Intervertebral disc|intervertebral discs]] and surrounding soft tissue -
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The spine is wonderfully designed to allow movement. It is also designed to help abso
...in the thoracic region which is your upper back; 5 vertebrae in the lumbar spine; and 5 sacral vertebrae and 4 coccyx which are located below that.
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!'''Spine'''
...the hips in prone lying is associated with a posterior tilt of the lumbar spine
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...g characteristics<ref name=":2">Spinal anatomy and backpain. P.F. Ullrich. Spine-health, trusted information for backpain</ref>:
...nal column, the more weight it must bear. The five vertebrae of the lumbar spine (L1-L5) are the biggest unfused vertebrae in the spinal column, enabling th
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...lack+of+knowledge+about+the+functional+aspects+of+the+equine+thoracolumbar+spine+and+pathogenesis+of+back+problems.&source=bl&ots=cAVFEBX9CU&sig=ACfU3U2mopm
...e=":1" /> There is also a lack of knowledge about the equine thoracolumbar spine (particularly its functional aspects) and the pathogenesis of back problems
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=== Cervical spine ===
...lack K., Singh S. [https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.233025121 Pediatric cervical spine: normal anatomy, variants, and trauma]. Radiographics. 2003 May;23(3):539-6
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...<br> <br>The ribs articulate posteriorly with the proc. transversii of the thoracic vertebrae. These junctions are called the costotransverse joints. The ribs
* Mobilize spine and ribs to avoid rigidity of the thorax and to reduce complaints.<ref name
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..."p1">Zdeblick TA. Compression and wedge fractures: treatment and recovery. Spine Univers 2009</ref><ref name="p2">Alexandru, Daniela, and William So. "Evalu
Osteoporotic spine fractures can be graded based on vertebral height loss as:
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...dominal walls, the abdomen being the portion of the trunk connecting the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] and [[pelvis]]. An abdominal wall is formed of [[skin]], [
...ore muscles]] and help keep the body stable and balanced, and protects the spine.
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...d by [[Pilates]] practitioners to help align the body. When the pelvis and spine are aligned in a neutral position, this reduces the pressure on bones and l
...on provides the least support to the back and puts greater pressure on the spine, which could lead to pain. Wrinkles on the face could arise from stomach sl
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...ction more readily than other joints, such as the knees, hips, or thoracic spine."<ref>Cholewicki J, Breen A, Popovich Jr JM, Reeves NP, Sahrmann SA, Van Di
...d back muscle activity during walking: changes in motor control]. European Spine Journal. 2006 Feb;15(1):23-40.</ref>
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...round the shins" to engage the latissimus dorsi to assist with keeping the spine in a neutral position. An additional cue would be to "squeeze oranges under
...an increase in intrathoracic pressure which helps stabilize the trunk and spine during the movement. The Valsalva maneuver should be avoided by individuals
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...ask if they have pain or symptoms in other regions such as their thoracic spine or shoulder.
|If there has been trauma, follow the [[Canadian c-spine rules|Canadian C-Spine Rule]].
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...tps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1413355521000794 Your spine is so worn out’–the influence of clinical diagnosis on beliefs in patie
* '''[[An Introduction to Clearing the Lumbar Spine|Clear the spine]] for distal complaints'''
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...left common carotid artery can be thought of as having two distinct parts: thoracic and cervical while the right common carotid artery has only a cervical port
[[Category:Cervical Spine - Conditions]]
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# Acquiring the strength and control needed to extend the spine and hold the head and trunk upright and steady.<ref name=":2">Pin TW, Butle
== Learning to extend the neck and spine ==
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...like pattern towards the head. Segments that rise as a group may represent thoracic restrictions.<ref name=":1" />
...: consists of two sinusoid wires coils insulated and placed one around the thoracic (placed around the rib cage under the armpits) and the second(placed aroun
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...headache]] (CGH) is caused primarily by dysfunction in the upper cervical spine. However, patients with CGH are also highly likely to have myofascial trigg
For more information on the role of the upper cervical spine, please click [https://www.physio-pedia.com/The_Upper_Cervical_Spine_and_Ce
18 KB (2,630 words) - 22:54, 17 October 2023
...neck pain in Australian office workers: a 1-year longitudinal study.] Eur Spine J. 2009 Oct;18(10):1532-40.</ref>
'''Nerves'''- Cervical spine nerves provide functional control and sensation to different parts of the b
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*Thoracic and cervical spine including kyphosis and forward head
...nbsp; Posterior-anterior glide assessment on cervical/thoracic spine for distal symptoms reproduction as well.<br>
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...[[Cervical Spondylosis|spondylosis]] (degenerative changes in the cervical spine) but can also be the result of traumatic (fractures and instability) and in
...w KD. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272453 Prevalence of cervical spine stenosis: anatomic study in cadavers]. JBJS. 2007 Feb 1;89(2):376-80.</ref>
15 KB (2,175 words) - 11:37, 15 November 2023
...ines for the Management of Acute Low Back Pain in Primary Care. . European spine journal. 2006 Mar;15(Suppl 2):s169.
...low back pain]. Airaksinen O, Brox JI, Cedraschi C et al (2006) Eur Spine J 15(2):S192–S300: Europe, COST B13 Working Group on Guidelines for the M
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...scapular winging can be due to a lesion of the [[Long Thoracic Nerve|long thoracic nerve]] which affects the [[Serratus Anterior|serratus anterior]], causes [
...ents. It's the outcome of the scapula rubbing against the ribs or thoracic spine.
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...nia: clinical case series and literature review]. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine. 2011 May 1;14(5):654-63.</ref><ref name=":3">Lirette LS, Chaiban G, Tolba
The coccyx is a triangular bone that forms the most distal segment of the spine.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> It is composed of 3 to 5 coccygeal segme
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...pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16284634/ Swartz EE, Floyd RT, Cendoma M. Cervical spine functional anatomy and the biomechanics of injury due to compressive loadin
...Loss of cervical lordosis: What is the prognosis? J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 2017 Jan-Mar;8(1):9-14. doi: 10.4103/0974-8237.199877. PMID: 28250631; PMC
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* Active mobilisation exercises, upper cervical spine mobilisations, passive mobilisation with movement (MWM), work-related ergon
...d J.A. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26852024/ Upper cervical and upper thoracic manipulation versus mobilization and exercise in patients with cervicogenic
10 KB (1,347 words) - 08:55, 1 August 2023
...d JA, Childs Maj JD, McRae M, Palmer JA, Stowell T. Immediate effects of a thoracic manipulation in patients with neck pain: A randomized clinical trial. Manua
| Thoracic manipulation + adjunct treatment
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...called the Medical Outcomes Study<ref>Ware J. SF-36 Health Survey Update. Spine. 2000. 25; 24: 3130-3139.<section>
[[Category:Thoracic Spine - Outcome Measures]]
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...nsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale in patients with low back pain. Spine 2005;30:1331–4.</ref><ref name="p0">Jensen MP, McFarland CA. Increasing t
...nsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale in patients with low back pain. Spine 2005;30:1331–4</ref> In another study, the MCID was found to be 2 points
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...icobrachalgia) is a term that describes pain and stiffness of the cervical spine with symptoms in the shoulder girdle and upper extremity<ref>DeStefano LA.
...proven cause. If a patient can be proven to have cervical radiculopathy or thoracic outlet syndrome, then the specific and objectively documented diagnosis sho
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...able: https://drbradcole.com/functional-assessment-rehabilitation-cervical-spine/<nowiki/>(accessed 22.4.2022)</ref>.
...S. ''Movement System Impairment Syndromes of theExtremities, Cervical and Thoracic Spines''. Elsevier Health Sci-ences; 2010.2. </ref> <ref>Musckuloskeletal k
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...arls Publishing, 2021.</ref> on either side, typically in the cervical and thoracic spinal cord region. This lesion leads to interruption of normal function of
* Gunshot wound to the spine
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...nt Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders.] Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Feb 15;33(4 Suppl):S14-23. </ref> <ref name=":9" /> A
...factors for neck and shoulder pain: a longitudinal study in young adults.] Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004 Aug 1;29(15):1662-9. </ref> poor posture, anxiety, de
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...e management of acute nonspecific low back pain in primary care.] European spine journal. 2006 Mar;15(Suppl 2):s169.</ref> Serious conditions account for 1-
...ify the disc, SIJ or facet joint as the source of low back pain.] European Spine Journal. 2007 Oct 1;16(10):1539-50.</ref>
25 KB (3,634 words) - 23:31, 18 December 2023
...ing the second most likely to be affected. The higher levels of the lumbar spine are rarely affected. (15 LOE: 4)
...a blanket term used by physicians to describe general deterioration of the spine. This defect can be asymptomatic or associated with significant back pain (
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...an be difficult to fit their saddles as they tend to ”run out” of thoracic spine.
...M. However, reflexes and baited stretches can be used to test cervical and thoracic movements.<ref name=":3" />
38 KB (5,860 words) - 22:00, 4 January 2023
...going spine surgery for degenerative conditions]. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine. 2017 Oct 1;27(4):397-402.</ref><ref>Deutscher D, Werneke MW, Hayes D, Miod
[[Category:Thoracic Spine - Outcome Measures]]
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...Hyperkyphosis|Hyper kyphosis]] of the upper [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] spine.
=== Changes in the Spine ===
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...ignificance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries]. spine. 1983 Nov 1;8(8):817-31.</ref>
...ma focused on the middle column was sufficient to cause instability in the spine. The instability was further categorized into three types:
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...t by Coppieters and colleagues, joint mobilizations of the elbow, thoracic spine and rib thrust manipulations, and ulnar nerve sliding/tension techniques fo
The cervical spine and shoulder regions should be examined to rule out diagnoses that can refe
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...of arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire (DASH) also valid and responsive. Spine. 2009; 34:130-138.</ref>
Cervico-thoracic mobility tests demonstrated reduced C7/T1 extension, left T1-2 hypomobile i
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...hould be such that the percussion is '''avoided on bony prominence''' like spine of scapula, clavicle, spinous processes of vertebrae.
...under hip, percussion is applied on both side of the spine and not on the spine or the lower ribs.
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...egorized by the vertebra which house them. There are 8 cervical nerves, 12 thoracic nerves, 5 [[lumbar]] nerves, 5 sacral nerves,1 coccygeal nerve. 16 of these
...sometric resisted muscle testing, gives information about the level in the spine where a lesion may be present. During myotome testing, you are looking for
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...959774672.</ref><ref>McKenzie, R (2002). "Patient Heal Thyself". Worldwide Spine & Rehabilitation 2 (1): 16–20.</ref> Later that decade, PTs started t
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...oint.png|thumb|250px|Upper Cervical Spine]]The [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]] consists of 7 [[Cervical Vertebrae|vertebrae, C1 to C7]], the cervical ne
...e van de cervicale wervelkolom, 2013. (</ref> They form the upper cervical spine.
27 KB (3,832 words) - 11:35, 15 November 2023
...rtebral bodies of L1 to L3.<ref>Xuan D. Functional Anatomy of the Thoracic Spine and Rib Cage. Plus Course 2023</ref> Its primary function is in respiration
...postures such as [[Forward Head Posture|forward head posture]] (FHP) and [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphosis]] have been found to affect breathing mechanics, inc
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...s/content_files/issue_20_article_28.pdf Clinical Instability of the Lumbar Spine: Diagnosis and Intervention]. Orthopaedic Practice. 2006;18(3):6.</ref> Pat
...cacy of physical exercise in patients braced for instability of the lumbar spine. Eura Medicophys. 2005;41: 223-231. (level of evidence 1B)</ref> Not all p
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...understood, treatment of dysfunctional areas in the spine can restore the spine’s structural integrity, reduce pain and initiate the body’s natural hea
...96<ref>Vicenzino B, Collins D, Wright A. The initial effects of a cervical spine manipulative physiotherapy treatment on the pain and dysfunction of lateral
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...59PD_BMalWsXw Improving tinnitus with mechanical treatment of the cervical spine and jaw], J Am Acad Audiol, 2013 Jul-Aug;24(7):544-55, (Level of evidence 3
...AAGBfm3qKhAdf_3_3Q6D7Rpyf4AcORKcgA Functional disturbances of the cervical spine in tinnitus]. HNO. 2006 Feb;54(2):125-31 (level of evidence 2C)</ref><br>
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...lus fibrosis of the intervertebral discs, and the apophyseal joints of the spine.<ref name="p1" />
...the inflammation can lead to new bone formation of the spine, causing the spine to fuse in a fixed position often creating a forward stooped posture.<ref n
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...pain. The safety and the contraindications of manipulation of the cervical spine were deeply analysed in the last decades, in order to proof the High Veloci
== Anatomy of Cervical Spine ==
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Used for facial paralysis, jaw pain, elbow, shoulder and thoracic injuries and local soft tissue injuries of the wrist.<ref name=":0" />
Used for facial pain, cervical spine and shoulder restricted range of motion, shoulder arthritis and arm/elbow p
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...ih.gov/33290371/ Association Between Text Neck and Neck Pain in Adults]. ''Spine (Phila Pa 1976)''. 2021;46(9):571-578. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000003854</re
...the cervical region multifidus superficial layer Primal.png|thumb|Cervical spine]]
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[[File:Thoracic manip.JPG|right|frameless]]
...] on the thoracic spine may improve patient’s symptoms when suffering from thoracic and/or referred pain.
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...ues.<ref name=":0">Van der Walt A. Assessment and Management of the Equine Spine Presentation. Plus , 2021.</ref>
=== Neutral Spine ===
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...elements are a plastic pelvic girdle, aluminium uprights, leather L-shaped thoracic pads and metal bars in the front and in the back.<ref name="Agnes Chow">Mil
The brace consists of a pelvic corset, thoracic pad, neck ring, and rib pressure pad.
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...upper trunk of the brachial plexus, the suprascapular nerve, and the long thoracic nerve are affected.<ref name="Feinberg 2010">Feinberg JH, Radecki J. [https
...he ventral branch of the lower four cervical nerve roots (C5-C8) and first thoracic nerve root (T1). It passes through the cervico-axillary canal in the neck,
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...elieves that the additional pregnancy weight is pulling her upper thoracic spine and shoulders are being into a rounded position. When questioned about her
...r>• Thoracic/ Lumbar Extension: 18 degrees, some discomfort reported.<br>• Thoracic/ Lumbar Rotation: Right : 75 Left: 70
17 KB (2,619 words) - 00:52, 14 July 2019
...sitioning, control and coordination of the shoulder as well as the scapula-thoracic complex.<ref name=":2">Wilk KE, Yenchak AJ, Arrigo CA, Andrews JR. The adva
...supply of serratus anterior</u>'': upper part of the lateral and superior thoracic artery, the lower part of the thoracodorsal artery
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...behind the head, followed by segmental flexion with cervical and thoracic spine.
Legs at table-top, Cx and Tx spine in flexion with bilateral arms pumping up and down by the sides of the trun
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=== Thoracic manipulation ===
...d JA, Childs Maj JD, McRae M, Palmer JA, Stowell T. Immediate effects of a thoracic manipulation in patients with neck pain: A randomized clinical trial. Manua
52 KB (6,904 words) - 10:57, 6 June 2017
...lated pain:<ref name=":0">Van der Walt A. Managing Disorders of the Canine Spine Course. Plus , 2021.</ref>
...be due to pathologies outside of the spine, such as brain tumours and mid-thoracic pathology
22 KB (3,220 words) - 02:40, 18 October 2022
...my T4-T5 segment]. Janda noted that these focal areas of stress within the spine correspond to transitional zones in which neighboring vertebrae change in m
...d head posture]], increased cervical lordosis and [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|thoracic kyphosis]], elevated and protracted shoulders, and rotation or abduction an
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*[[Long Thoracic Nerve|Thoracicus Longus / Long Thoracic Nerve]]
*[[Long Thoracic Nerve|Thoracicus Longus / Long Thoracic Nerve]]
18 KB (2,511 words) - 18:59, 8 March 2024
.../www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15977087/RK=0/RS=Uf40RaNjGotz6bh_.MJpUN0CVIs- Thoracic outlet syndrome]. Agri: Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi'nin Yayin organidir= The jo
...PS. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/106698110X12640740712734 Thoracic outlet syndrome: a controversial clinical condition. Part 1: anatomy, and c
43 KB (6,003 words) - 20:16, 21 March 2024
...levates the shoulder. Scapular landmarks for palpation are the base of the spine and the inferior angle.
* Bony causes include thoracic kyphosis or [[clavicula fracture]].
22 KB (3,181 words) - 18:31, 11 January 2021
...or control tests in chronic low back pain: a case–control study”, European Spine Journal, 2009, 18.7: 1066-1073. (level of evidence: 3B)</ref>
...scalenes. The muscles of the diaphragm are also directly connected to the spine.
24 KB (3,645 words) - 00:27, 27 August 2019
...ed into [[PPIVMs of the Cervical Spine - Assessment|PPIVMs of the Cervical Spine - Assessment]] (PPIVMs) and Passive Accessory Intervertebral Movements (PAI
...if they do, whether their assessment is relevant. At least in the cervical spine, specifically targeted treatment produces superior results to general treat
20 KB (3,113 words) - 12:20, 19 March 2024
...essive degenerative changes that affect all the components of the cervical spine (i.e., intervertebral discs, facet joints, joints of Luschka, ligamenta fla
In the cervical spine this chronic degenerative process affects the intervertebral discs and face
26 KB (3,576 words) - 11:32, 15 November 2023
This page supports the Plus course, Classification of Lumbar Spine Impairments, by Dr. Shala Cunningham. It discusses an updated classificatio
* Exercises for spine mobility
17 KB (2,358 words) - 16:46, 4 March 2024
...l of exercise and spinal manipulation for patients with chronic neck pain. Spine. 2001;26:788–797. discussion 798–799</ref>. The identification of a h
...uals fears about the threatening processes that might be going on in their spine as these fears or concerns can act as a barrier to recovery and need to be
14 KB (2,064 words) - 11:48, 15 November 2023
...for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care. European Spine Journal. 2010;19(12):2075-94.</ref> and neck pain,<ref>Childs, J.D., Clelan
#Thoracic Pain - The thoracic region is the most common region for metastases.
27 KB (3,864 words) - 11:24, 29 August 2023
*Pain radiating from the centre of his spine up to mid thoracic spine VAS 6-7/10 constantly
...ave emergency surgery and related his scan to descriptions of a ‘crumbling spine and flattened discs with bone rubbing on bone.
10 KB (1,748 words) - 03:38, 31 July 2023
[[Image:Ossification Spine.jpg|Flowing Ossification|right|314x314px]]
...bak" />. DISH is found to affect the axial skeleton with the thoracic spine (T7-T11), being the most common levels affected<ref name="Terzi" /><ref nam
16 KB (2,310 words) - 17:12, 8 January 2021
...rface (SS) for brief periods of time. This is accomplished by the neck and thoracic extensor muscle activity.
...initiates rolling to supine by lifting his head and extending the thoracic spine. These movements are associated with a more extended position of the hips a
23 KB (3,671 words) - 07:36, 25 September 2023
During respiration, there is a need for stabilized cervical and thoracic spine in order for other muscles to act, moving the ribs up or down. In case of i
The thoracic spine and the interconnected muscles are responsible for normal inspiration and e
23 KB (3,308 words) - 17:13, 29 June 2023
...br>The spinal column is divided into four regions: Cervical (7 vertebrae), thoracic (12 vertebrae), lumbar (5 vertebrae), and sacral (5 vertebrae). <ref name="
* Lower [[Thoracic Examination|thoracic]] lesions can cause paraplegia [[Traumatic Paraplegia|(Traumatic Paraplegi
23 KB (3,353 words) - 02:16, 8 August 2023
Any space-occupying lesion within the cervical spine with the potential to compress the spinal cord can cause cervical myelopath
...ef name="Cramer">Cramer GD and Darby SA. Basic and Clinical Anatomy of the Spine, Spinal Cord, and ANS. 2nd Edition. Elsevier 2008.</ref> The spinal cord is
30 KB (4,201 words) - 11:40, 15 November 2023
[[File:Sagittal section of the lumbar spine Primal.png|thumb|258x258px]]
...iculopathy). It is less commonly found in the middle portion of the spine (thoracic radiculopathy).<ref name="1, LOE 1B">Iversen T, Solberg TK, Romner B, Wilsg
28 KB (4,188 words) - 11:24, 28 August 2023
...lis, MD. Achondroplasia and cervical laminoplasty Case report. J Neurosurg Spine 2009; 11:417-420. http://thejns.org/doi/pdf/10.3171/2009.4.SPINE09164 (acce
*Spine curvatures called kyphosis and lordosis."<ref name="pubmed" />
15 KB (2,098 words) - 20:10, 20 November 2022
...uidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic girdle pain]. European Spine Journal Jun 2008; 17(6) : 794-819.</ref> “''Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) gene
...ts]]<br>The sacroiliac joints allow for the transfer of forces between the spine and the lower extremity.<ref>Vleeming A, Schuenke MD, Masi AT, Carreiro JE,
27 KB (3,785 words) - 18:21, 25 April 2024
...of spinal column. Therefore, increased thoracic spine curvature leading to thoracic kyphosis commonly seen in elder individuals due to loss of height of spinal
13 KB (1,946 words) - 03:07, 2 September 2022
...n rule for spinal manipulative therapy: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Spine J. 2008;17:936–943.</ref> All other CPRs are still at a derivation
...lled trial of exercise and manipulative therapy for cervicogenic headache. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002;27(17):1835-1843.</ref><ref>Cools AM, Struyf F, De Me
14 KB (2,102 words) - 17:28, 3 August 2022
[[Category:Thoracic Spine - Outcome Measures]]
[[Category:Lumbar Spine - Outcome Measures]]
9 KB (1,274 words) - 18:04, 23 July 2023
...rt of the [[Functional Anatomy of the Thoracic Spine and Rib Cage|thoracic spine complex]]). The clavicle is a sigmoid-shaped long bone which lies horizonta
...d the sternum and their relationship to chest wall structure and function. Thoracic surgery clinics. 2007 Nov 1;17(4):473-89.</ref> It consists of three parts:
50 KB (7,350 words) - 22:45, 15 October 2023
...symptoms of torticollis follows the normal [[Cervical Examination|cervical spine examination]] which begins with a thorough history followed by a physical e
*Head alignment on [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]]
24 KB (3,444 words) - 20:20, 23 March 2021
**Visual inspection of the shoulder / cervical and thoracic spine
**C-spine scan (rule out referred pain and/or radiculopathy)
13 KB (1,786 words) - 18:27, 7 December 2023
...org/doi/pdf/10.2519/jospt.2001.31.4.194 iagnosis and treatment of Cervical Spine Clinical Instability], Journal of Orthopaedic Sports Physical Therapy, Apri
]]The cervical spine consist of 7 separate vertebrae. See [[Cervical Anatomy]] also.
24 KB (3,342 words) - 11:41, 15 November 2023
...T joint allows for the scapula to glide over the contours of the posterior thoracic wall. All four joints work collectively together to achieve normal shoulder
...), the [[humerus]] and the [[sternum]] (the link to the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] cage).
24 KB (3,369 words) - 17:22, 15 January 2024
...ce.<ref name=":0">Been, Ella, and Leonid Kalichman. "Lumbar lordosis." The Spine Journal 2014; 14.1: 87-97.</ref> [See [[Cardinal Planes and Axes of Movemen
...the lumbar lordosis.<ref>Bogduk, Nikolai. “Clinical anatomy of the lumbar spine and sacrum”. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2005 </ref>
25 KB (3,795 words) - 16:49, 10 August 2022
...rib syndrome: case report of an iatrogenic result following video-assisted thoracic surgery and chest tube placement.] Pain Management. 2021 May;11(5):555-9.</
...terior rib hypermobility is also likely to cause problems in the posterior thoracic area, because it’s a closed system <ref name=":5" />.
27 KB (3,916 words) - 11:12, 29 November 2022
...review their effectiveness on commonly affected joints such as the lumbar spine and the [[Sacroiliac Joint|sacroiliac joint]] that are prone to causing [[L
.... [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20140155/ The effectiveness of thoracic spine manipulation for the management of musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic
27 KB (3,903 words) - 07:08, 19 April 2023
...ean guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic girdle pain]. Eur Spine J. 2008 Jun;17(6):794-819. doi: 10.1007/s00586-008-0602-4. (level of eviden
[[Category:Thoracic Spine - Outcome Measures]]
13 KB (1,920 words) - 10:56, 29 November 2022
...l tibial ligament (medial and lateral meniscus) attaches menisci to tibial spine
| rowspan="2" |Ventral branches of thoracic and lumbar nerves and femoral nerves
11 KB (1,561 words) - 07:15, 19 December 2021
...Prognostic factors for recovery from postpartum pelvic girdle pain. ''Eur Spine J''. 2009;18(5):718-726. doi:10.1007/s00586-009-0911-2</ref>{{#ev:youtube|w
...guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic girdle pain. European Spine Journal. 2008 Jun 1;17(6):794-819.</ref>
23 KB (3,296 words) - 22:45, 26 December 2022
...lood supply to the SC joint is from the articular branches of the internal thoracic and suprascapular arteries.
...cur and if left untreated and can be associated with complications such as thoracic outlet syndrome and vascular compromise<ref name="Groh">Groh GI, Wirth MA.
50 KB (7,379 words) - 23:04, 8 December 2022
...jury.<ref>David J. Magee;Orthopaedic Physical Assessment; Chapter 9-Lumbar Spine;Fifth Edition: Pg 558-564.</ref>
...ve the patient slump forward at the thoracic and [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] spine. If this position does not cause pain, have the patient flex the neck by pl
13 KB (1,905 words) - 03:53, 30 January 2024
...3''': A pronounced C-shaped scoliosis is present, centred in the thoracic spine.
*** excessive [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphosis]]
11 KB (1,552 words) - 14:24, 27 October 2022
...spinal column is comprised of 33 Vertebra; 7 [[Cervical Vertebrae]], 12 [[Thoracic Vertebrae]], 5 [[Lumbar Vertebrae]], 5 Fused Sacral Vertebrae and 4 Fused C
* Non-traumatic causes (16%) secondary to disease, infection and [[Congenital Spine Deformities|congenital]] defects.
29 KB (4,219 words) - 12:08, 2 February 2024
*[https://www.physio-pedia.com/Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome Thoracic outlet syndrome] <ref name="p2" />
[[Category:Cervical Spine]]
22 KB (3,205 words) - 10:00, 18 August 2022
*[[Congenital Spine Deformities]]
*[[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome]]
11 KB (1,341 words) - 18:21, 7 December 2023
...the [[scapula]] should be able to move freely, relative from the dorsal [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] wall.
===Clear the Cervical Spine===
23 KB (3,210 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...or recurring low back pain, with or without sciatica following one or more spine surgeries.” A more functional definition is that FBSS results when the ou
...know that this condition has a higher prevalence with increasing rates of spine surgery.<ref name="p1" /><ref name="p6" /> The impact of FBSS on an individ
18 KB (2,557 words) - 00:01, 9 June 2022
...um image]]The sternum is a flat bone located in the centre of the anterior thoracic wall.
.../> The manubrium is quadrangular and lies at the level of the 3rd and 4th thoracic vertebrae. The jugular (suprasternal) notch is the thickest part of the man
30 KB (4,397 words) - 13:25, 30 July 2023
...; however, conditions involving the lower extremities and feet, as well as spine and back are common<ref name=":1" />.WMSDs do not include conditions caused
...rpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)]], tendonitis, [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)]], and [[Prevention and Management of Occupational Re
15 KB (2,024 words) - 11:33, 18 July 2023
* The overall equilibrium of the spine and pelvis alters as the pregnancy progresses<ref>Inanir A, Cakmak B, Hisim
...oth [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] lordosis and [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphosis,]] or a flattening of the thoracolumbar spinal curve
21 KB (3,104 words) - 11:46, 3 August 2022
...f Test|Scarf]] tests elicits pain. Including a [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]] and [[Neurological Assessment|neurologic exam]] helps rule out referred p
* Spinal manipulation therapy (SMT)- The cervical and thoracic spine restricted segments and stretching exercises of the pectoralis minor.<ref n
10 KB (1,388 words) - 14:25, 13 February 2023
...ients experiencing lumbar radiculopathy include mobilisation of the lumbar spine, mobilisation of the nerves, or manipulation. Always check for [[Spinal Man
==== Mobilisation of the Lumbar Spine ====
24 KB (3,346 words) - 01:19, 3 April 2024
...ef>. This significantly narrows the intervertebral foreman at the cervical spine, causing the compression of the nerve root <ref>Bowles DR, Canseco JA, Alex
...stinger syndrome in American football players. ''Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine'', [online] 11(3), pp.264-271. Available at: <nowiki>http://thejns.org/doi/
20 KB (2,818 words) - 16:02, 29 June 2023
The movement of the scapula along the thoracic cage also directly influences the biomechanics of the shoulder complex as a
===Thoracic Spine Movement ===
22 KB (3,185 words) - 14:12, 29 June 2023
...In both males and females, sweating was seen to be the greatest along the spine, and greater on the back rather than the chest. <ref name=":5">Havenith Geo
...t amount on the '''mid-to-lower spinal column''' (lower [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and [[lumbar]] regions)
26 KB (4,007 words) - 13:52, 21 July 2023
...edictor of respiratory complications. Individuals with cervical and higher thoracic spinal cord injuries are more likely to develop respiratory complications,
# Posteriorly: [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic spine]] and posterior ribs
30 KB (4,122 words) - 20:12, 16 August 2022
...vicogenic Pain Syndromes. In Physical Therapy of the Cervical and Thoracic Spine, ed. R. Grand. New York: Churchill Livingstone.</ref>
...scular Energy Techniques on Subjective and Objective Parameters Related to Spine Function in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain.Med Sci Monit 2015; 29;21:2
12 KB (1,802 words) - 10:28, 13 April 2022
=== Thoracic Lesions ===
Thoracic Extensors
18 KB (2,779 words) - 20:08, 22 September 2023
...g involved in [[Posture|postural]] stability and mobility of the trunk and spine.<ref name=":2">Csepregi É, Gyurcsik Z, Veres-Balajti I, Nagy AC, Szekanecz
...s its central tendon down. This increases the negative pressure inside the thoracic cavity, which draws air in. At the same time, the external intercostal musc
20 KB (2,913 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...not directly attached to the vertebrae, there is an epidural space in the spine. In the cranial dura mater, there are a few places where the meningeal lay
...f>Bess S, Line B. Embryology and anatomy: spine/spinal cord. InThe Growing Spine: Management of Spinal Disorders in Young Children 2022 Feb 3 (pp. 3-12). Ch
25 KB (3,756 words) - 23:48, 27 March 2024
...ternal lip of iliac crest, the outer surface of an anterior superior iliac spine, and the deep surface of fascia lata.<ref name=":0">Kendall, McCreary, Prov
...S. Movement System Impairmment Syndromes of the Extremities, Cervical, and Thoracic Spines. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2010 </ref>
16 KB (2,448 words) - 05:24, 10 April 2024
Inflammation can occur in the spine, sacroiliac and peripheral joints as well near the attachments of tendons a
...[[Facet Joints|facet joints]], endplates, bone marrow, … every part of the spine can be affected by an inflammation. <ref name="p4">Walter P. Maksymowy
22 KB (3,164 words) - 21:22, 1 September 2023
...anipulation and two types of exercise for patients with chronic neck pain. Spine 2002;27:2383-
...lled trial of exercise and manipulative therapy for cervicogenic headache. Spine 2002;27(17):1835-43.
31 KB (4,320 words) - 11:21, 18 August 2022
...s warranted to determine the extent and nature of the relationship between thoracic manipulation and shoulder pain. Review your [[Shoulder Mobilisation|Manual
...of thoracic manipulations on shoulder pain: A Case Report|Effectiveness of Thoracic Manipulations on Shoulder Pain]]
19 KB (2,611 words) - 17:34, 24 July 2023
..., Secretions, Pattern of breathing, Chest wall/[[Thoracic Anatomy|Thoracic spine]] deformity
11 KB (1,352 words) - 21:41, 5 October 2023
...rehabilitation providers have a comprehensive understanding of the lumbar spine evaluation. This page provides an overview of this evaluation and includes
...otential pathoanatomical cause of pain:<ref name=":2">Cunningham S. Lumbar Spine Evaluation Course. Plus, 2024.</ref>
22 KB (3,278 words) - 11:54, 18 April 2024
..., A. (2014). Are Fast-Bowlers Prone to Back Injuries? Prevalence of Lumbar Spine Injuries in Fast-Bowlers: Review of MRI-Based Studies. ''Asian Journal of S
...eads to accelerated degenerative changes to the architecture of the lumbar spine.<ref name=":0" />
33 KB (4,868 words) - 16:45, 18 June 2019
Axial spondyloarthritis is a seronegative [[spondyloarthritis]] of the spine and pelvis. The term axial spondyloarthritis has only been used since 2009
...spine an appearance similar to bamboo, hence the alternative name "bamboo spine".
34 KB (4,865 words) - 11:38, 14 October 2023
There are also three physiological curves that act to balance the human spine (see Figure 2):<ref name=":0" />
* Thoracic kyphosis
22 KB (3,161 words) - 23:48, 18 December 2023
[[File:Adapted Bigstock Image - Spine Diseases - ID 129611492.jpg|thumb|Figure 1. Common postures that can be obs
* Cervical spine alignment
22 KB (3,329 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
* [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic outlet syndrome]] (TOS) (particularly the lower trunk)
...palpation of the entire upper / lower extremity and the cervical or lumbar spine is mandatory. Please refer to your cervical and lumbar scans for a more det
15 KB (2,176 words) - 06:26, 29 July 2022
*[http://www.physio-pedia.com/Lumbar_Spine_Fracture Lumbar spine fracture]
The human spine is a self-supporting construction of skeleton, cartilage, ligaments and [[M
38 KB (5,373 words) - 11:21, 28 August 2023
* The remaining 20% of VFs may involve '''complex''' fractures of the spine. <ref name=":2" />
...tic):{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LILgFAEMAbg|width}}<ref>Spine live. Spinal compression fractures reasons. Available from: https://www.you
30 KB (4,259 words) - 19:40, 11 February 2024
...eight, weights, and/or pulleys to distract individual joints of the lumbar spine. The word traction is a derivative of the Latin word '''"tractico"''', whic
...controlled trial of Intervertebral Differential Dynamics Therapy. European Spine Journal, 2009; 18(12):1843-50. doi: 10.1007/s00586-009-1044-3. </ref><ref>
26 KB (4,004 words) - 11:31, 5 January 2024
...inflammatory, sero-negative arthritic condition that typically affects the spine and the sacroilliac (SI) joints. Common clinical presentations of this dise
Common sites include the costochondral joints, the iliac-spine, lumbar spinous process, and achilles tendon. <ref>Heuft-Dorenbosch L., Spo
36 KB (5,296 words) - 20:03, 27 February 2023
...ocephalic syndrome (CCS) includes pain and stiffness of the upper cervical spine with associated [[Cervicogenic Headache|headache]]. The syndrome frequentl
...malpositioned joints at the head/neck junction, deviations of the cervical spine from the body axis, displacement of vertebrae and constriction of the verte
20 KB (3,029 words) - 18:48, 6 May 2021
...and function in the sacroiliac joint. Part 1: Clinical anatomical aspects. Spine 1990a; 15(2): 130-132</ref>
...fication of muscular contribution to force closure of the pelvis. European Spine Journal 2004.</ref>. Force closure is particularly important during activit
36 KB (5,447 words) - 18:23, 30 November 2020
...neous with a mostly ballet focus<ref name=":7" />. Overuse injuries in the spine are generally regarded as the second most effected region with the lower li
...tricter technical demands<ref name=":8" />. Excessive stress on the lumbar spine during lifts and hyperlordosis in the back to compensate for hip extension
41 KB (6,002 words) - 16:23, 11 October 2023
...ng airways, breathing, circulation and restricting further movement of the spine. The principle of pre-hospital management of spinal cord injury is to limit
...spine injury using the [[Canadian C-Spine Rule|Canadian C‑Spine Rule]] or thoracic or lumbar injury. <ref name=":0" />
46 KB (6,470 words) - 04:02, 14 June 2022
...': which means the medial border of the scapula moves towards the thoracic spine and chest wall. As your humerus laterally rotates, the scapular follows tha
...ar''': the movement of the inferior angle of the scapula from the thoracic spine.
44 KB (6,223 words) - 22:17, 7 December 2022
...Egypt from around 3000 BC describes [[paraplegia]] following injury to the spine.
* Paul of Aegina (AD 625–690) uses a windlass for spine dislocation and suggests [[laminectomy]].
26 KB (3,756 words) - 05:18, 5 August 2022
...="bron6">http://www.orthonc.com/education-research/spine/patient-education-spine-sacroiliac-joint-syndrome (accessed on 22/10/2011)</ref>
...ft one arm slowly while continuing to maintain the neutral position of the spine, without changing the natural curves; return the arm and then continue with
26 KB (3,926 words) - 00:12, 16 February 2024
The forelimb (also known as the thoracic limb) in the horse is adapted for extension and ground covering. This limb
* Palpable tuber on the scapular spine
24 KB (3,509 words) - 06:55, 4 January 2023
...ncreatitis may seek physical therapy treatment with a chief complaint of [[Thoracic Back Pain|back pain]].
...present to physical therapy with complaints of pain in the upper thoracic spine or at the thoracolumbar junction, while those with alcohol-related chronic
15 KB (2,116 words) - 13:18, 6 January 2022
...on, the pelvis is tilted back, which may exacerbate the pain in the lumbar spine. Additionally, the lumbar section can lose its natural curvature, which may
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
21 KB (2,959 words) - 03:04, 7 November 2023
...ective measurement tool used to assess the range of motion in the cervical spine. It includes various inclinometers to measure flexion, extension, lateral f
...ic junctions in the management of disorders of the neck and upper thoracic spine - Part 2: Treatment. In: Boyling JD, Jull GA, editors. Grieve's Modern Manu
28 KB (3,726 words) - 15:58, 15 February 2024
...ion of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity. This increase in volume leads to the intrapulmonary pressure being
...eathing and aims to maintain abdominal contraction in order to protect the spine during exercises/ movements.
9 KB (1,192 words) - 14:09, 14 May 2021
...ior vertebral defect only without a meningeal sac; location: lumbar-sacral spine; usually asymptomatic but can be associated with occult spinal dysraphism;
...into a meningeal sac; location: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and/or sacral spine; motor deficits are less likely than with myelomeningocele; structural brai
39 KB (5,855 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
...vical Anatomy|cervical anatomy]] or more pages on the [[:Category:Cervical Spine - Anatomy|cervical anatomy category]] to understand more of the relevant an
...he curvature with a [[Cobb Angle|Cobb angle]] of more than 40 degrees in [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|hyperkyphosis]]. <ref name=":0">Chau C, Chu EC, Huang KH, Tam
8 KB (1,138 words) - 07:21, 13 October 2023
...the posterior [https://physio-pedia.com/Facet_Joints facet joints] of the spine. These joints together with the disc form the intervertebral joint. Changes
...it is necessary to make repetitive powerful hyperextensions of the lumbar spine. An irritation can also occur when the intervertebral disc is damaged and
25 KB (3,806 words) - 11:15, 12 June 2021
...cated anterior to the T12 vertebral body between the crura. The [[aorta]], thoracic duct, and azygos vein pass through this hiatus.<ref name=":0" />
* Bilateral phrenic arteries, which are the branches of the thoracic aorta
14 KB (1,985 words) - 11:10, 23 October 2023
...s, intervertebral foramina, and intervertebral discs ofthe cervical spine. Spine. 2000 February; 25(3): 286-291</ref> used a surgical microscope to do an an
...e="Bogduk">Bogduk N. Twomey CT. Clinically Relevant Anatomy for the Lumbar Spine. 2ed. Edinburgh UK: Churchill Livingston. 1991</ref>. Reported prevale
40 KB (5,769 words) - 11:33, 15 November 2023
...wnwards as they extend towards the chest area, where they connect with the thoracic vertebrae.
...“stinger”: A model for the management of noncatastrophic athletic cervical spine injury. 1998. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article
23 KB (3,617 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...and can be described as an exaggerated anterior curvature of the thoracic spine that is associated with aging.<ref>Jang et al., H. (2015). Effect of thorax
9 KB (1,294 words) - 07:51, 4 November 2023
[[File:Cervical spine.png|thumb]]
.... [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356370/ Materials for the spine: anatomy, problems, and solutions.] Materials. 2019 Jan 14;12(2):253.</ref>
39 KB (5,879 words) - 07:28, 7 May 2023
* Kyphoscoliosis- can be a result of metastatic lesions to the thoracic spine or osteoporosis from treatment of the primary malignancy
10 KB (1,253 words) - 13:31, 2 December 2021
...ct.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0887217118300313 Imaging and management of thoracic trauma.] InSeminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 2018 Aug 1 (Vol. 39, No. 4, p
The patient lies in a supine position (Figure 1). Their spine should be straight (i.e. not bent to either side). A sandbag is placed on t
18 KB (2,642 words) - 23:00, 24 October 2023
...="Micheli and Wood 1995">El-Sayed A, Cervoni-Rosario B, Harrast MA. Lumbar spine. In: Krabak BJ, Brooks A, editors. The Youth Athlete. Elsevier; 2023. p. 35
* Spine tumors.
55 KB (7,921 words) - 07:07, 30 August 2023
...ction more readily than other joints, such as the knees, hips, or thoracic spine."<ref>Cholewicki J, Breen A, Popovich Jr JM, Reeves NP, Sahrmann SA, Van Di
17 KB (2,411 words) - 18:56, 28 January 2023
[[File:Osteoprosis of Spine.jpg|right|frameless]]
...until osteoporosis is quite advanced. At that point, loss of height and [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphosis]] is evident from [[Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures
28 KB (4,020 words) - 00:31, 27 December 2022
...2. 13(7), p.8.</ref>. Spondylolysis derives from the Greek words Spondylo (spine) and Lysis (to dissolve) <ref name=":0">Debnath UK. [https://orthosurgeonuj
...res called vertebrae comprise the vertebral column, otherwise known as the spine. The vertebral column extends from the base of the skull to the coccyx, pro
33 KB (4,808 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...n Whiplash-Associated Disorders: redefining" whiplash" and its management. Spine. 1995;20:1S-73S.</ref><ref name=":19" /> The prognosis of WAD is unknown a
...disorders (WAD) affect a variety of anatomical structures of the cervical spine, depending on the force and direction of impact as well as many other facto
41 KB (5,691 words) - 07:15, 18 November 2022
...an><ref>Deyo, R.A. Phillips, W.R. Low back pain: a primary care challenge. Spine 21 pp. 2826.</ref><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">. LBP affects at least
...Movement Impairment Syndromes concepts and their application to the lumbar spine. For more comprehensive, indepth information see Diagnosis and Treatment on
59 KB (8,801 words) - 11:44, 28 August 2023
...[[Carpal Tunnel Syndrome]], [[Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome]], Acroparesthesia, [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)]]
...tations, neck lateral flexions, wrist circles, side flexions of the spine, thoracic rotations in sitting.<ref name="p7" />(Level of Evidence: 2A) Closed chain
15 KB (2,074 words) - 12:38, 3 April 2024
...of physical therapy, PF physical therapist will also look at the patient’s spine, [[Sacroiliac Joint|sacroiliac joints]], [[Hip|hip joints]], rib cage and a
* Joint mobilization for: hips, coccyx, lumbar or thoracic spine
14 KB (1,901 words) - 15:14, 26 November 2023
* Thoracic Rotation L/R: 20/18
...igating narrow spaces and hesitates with turning, has reduced cervical and thoracic rotation, ROM in the; shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee along with mild postur
21 KB (3,101 words) - 03:05, 7 December 2020
A herniated disc in the spine is a condition during which a nucleus pulposus is displaced from interverte
...vailable from:https://musculoskeletalkey.com/applied-anatomy-of-the-lumbar-spine/ (last accessed 24.1.2020)</ref>.
40 KB (5,562 words) - 14:04, 27 November 2023
# Flexion, extension and rotation of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine
# The spine should be in a neutral position so that the head, chest, and hips stack on
12 KB (1,678 words) - 13:40, 28 February 2023
===Thoracic manipulation===
...d JA, Childs Maj JD, McRae M, Palmer JA, Stowell T. Immediate effects of a thoracic manipulation in patients with neck pain: A randomized clinical trial. Manua
101 KB (14,330 words) - 03:15, 19 July 2019
...:Cervical1.jpg|thumb|<ref>http://www.medicalmediaimages.com/color-cervical-spine-anatomy-x-ray/791</ref>]]Mechanical neck pain includes pain that may come f
...sion criteria. Aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of neck, thoracic and low back pain and to recognise the factors linked with pain among perma
32 KB (4,829 words) - 22:43, 17 August 2020
...al Anatomy|cervical]] spine and rarely, except for trauma, in the thoracic spine.<ref name=":1" />
...ation and factors related to anterolisthesis and retrolisthesis.] Clinical Spine Surgery. 2002 Apr 1;15(2):93-9.</ref>
34 KB (4,705 words) - 17:14, 29 February 2024
...s in the assessment of patients afflicted with spinal disorders]. European Spine Journal. 2018 Aug;27(8):1712-23. </ref> The line of gravity, therefore, the
...at this point that the physiotherapist will analyse the golfer's thoracic spine and hip position and movement compared to established norms.
16 KB (2,460 words) - 21:01, 4 June 2023
[[Trapezius]] is a large fan-shaped muscle that extends from the cervical to thoracic region on the posterior aspect of the neck and trunk and attaches onto the
...spx Back injury and work loss: biomechanical and psychosocial influences]. Spine. 1997 Nov 1;22(21):2575-80.</ref>
24 KB (3,438 words) - 20:45, 17 March 2023
* further injury to the spine
* hip flexion to be done with knee flexion – avoid lumbar or lower thoracic movement if lesion low.
10 KB (1,547 words) - 07:47, 4 November 2022
...s L, Milanese S, Grimmer-Somers K. Epidemiology of Adolescent Spinal Pain. Spine. 2007;32(23):2630-2637.</ref><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">, sitti
...g Pattern in a Danish Population-Based Sample of Children and Adolescents. Spine. 2001;26(17):1879-1883.</ref><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">. The s
50 KB (7,204 words) - 03:12, 31 May 2022
...thin configuration, it’s possible for the scapula to glide smoothly on the thoracic wall and provides a large surface area for muscle attachments, both distall
*'''Flexibility tests''' for the shoulder, thoracic, and cervical spine
41 KB (5,819 words) - 19:17, 1 November 2022
...ropean guidelines for prevention in low back pain: November 2004. European Spine Journal. 2006 Mar;15(Suppl 2):s136.</ref>
...er J. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557616/ Anatomy, Back, Lumbar Spine.] [online] StatPerals [Intenet] 2022; August 25. Available from: https://ww
37 KB (5,561 words) - 10:52, 27 April 2023
...k pain in pregnancy. Abdominal muscles, sit-up performance, and back pain. Spine. 1990 Jan;15(1):28-30.</ref> and lumbo-pelvic pain and dysfunction during p
...position themselves in supine crook-lying or in side-lying with a neutral spine. Once in the proper position, instruct the patient to palpate their TA musc
36 KB (5,388 words) - 05:53, 15 December 2022
...liminate the infection, restore and preserve structure and function of the spine, and ease the pain. Conservative management consists of antimicrobial thera
[[File:Thoracic.jpg|alt=|thumb|Thoracic extension]]
11 KB (1,548 words) - 23:24, 26 November 2022
...thoracic curve) 11 years ago, and was surgically treated to stabilize the spine. He reports feeling more of an imbalance between his left and right side ea
...racic kyphosis]]. He leans towards his right side - likely due to his left thoracic scoliosis and right hand dominance. His right wrist and fingers are flexed
37 KB (5,455 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
...a systematic process with an additional screening of both the cervical and thoracic spinal regions to determine their influence on symptoms, if any. In the fir
...er Pain and Regional Interdependence: Contributions of the Cervicothoracic Spine. ''Journal of Yoga & Physical Therapy'', ''05''(01), 1–2. <nowiki>http://
25 KB (3,459 words) - 23:01, 18 November 2022
* Cervical Spine Mechanical Pain (referring to shoulder)
Screen [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]] and [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic spine]]
37 KB (5,143 words) - 18:19, 17 January 2023
...g friction. Klenck and Gebke (2007) also states that cervical and thoracic spine injuries are common with athletes with upper extremity amputations due to a
...mal cup-shaped.<ref name="Tassone">Tassone, J., and Duey-Holtz, A. (2008). Spine concerns in the Special Olympian with Down syndrome. Sports Medicine and Ar
22 KB (3,262 words) - 10:43, 30 August 2018
...h finger-to-nose task. AROM testing showed decreased cervical and thoracic spine extension, limited shoulder abduction and flexion bilaterally, limited shou
* Head forward posture and increased kyphosis of thoracic spine
30 KB (4,574 words) - 00:16, 28 February 2020
...hich causes ligament laxity, and therefore can affect the stability of the spine and lead to back pain.
...al disc, possibly causing a decreased height an overall compression of the spine. <ref name="Chang" /><ref name="Katonis et al" /><br>
45 KB (6,765 words) - 00:11, 30 June 2023
...ps]], and do a [[Neurological Assessment|neurological examination]] of the spine.<ref name=":0" />
.... For these patients, an assessment of the [[Thoracic Examination|thoracic spine]] and [[Ribs|rib]] mobility would be indicated.<ref name=":0" />
30 KB (4,286 words) - 07:00, 30 January 2023
*Lung tumors may limit thoracic cavity expansion, compress the airways or reduce the surface area of the lu
2. Cancers that often metastasize to the spine:
11 KB (1,414 words) - 23:21, 26 November 2023
...istive exercises targeting the extensor muscles of the thoracic and lumbar spine and hip can have a positive effect on preserved pain and level of disabilit
Many of these exercises involve moving through various postures, with the spine moving between flexion, extension, rotation, and side-bending, with postura
24 KB (3,321 words) - 07:53, 11 February 2023
...leading to [[Posture|postural changes]]: rounded shoulders, forward head, thoracic kyphosis
...ons related to removal or augmentation of chest tissue, including thoracic spine mobility, upper extremity mobility, scar tissue, pain
18 KB (2,580 words) - 22:03, 3 June 2023
...igue. Manual therapy will also be added to increase mobility of the lumbar spine and decrease the pain she is experiencing.
12 KB (1,833 words) - 11:02, 6 June 2017
...ed with [[arthritis]], notably arthritis of the [[Spondyloarthritis|lumbar spine]] and [[Sacroiliac Joint Syndrome|sacroiliac joints]]. Though arthritis usu
...ractures]] eg in the vertebrae. Vertebral fractures can cause changes in [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|spinal curvature]], leaving other vertebrae more susceptible
12 KB (1,778 words) - 16:43, 9 September 2023
...eased flexion of the hips, and a compensatory hyper lordosis in the lumbar spine<ref>Physiopedia contributors. (2022) ''Lower Crossed Syndrome''. Physiopedi
...tween the vertebrates thin out and lose their cushioning. Moreover, as the spine and other bones change their position due to the long-term consequence of p
42 KB (6,469 words) - 21:53, 20 March 2024
...nals/eor/5/9/2058-5241.5.200032.xml Pelvic motion the key to understanding spine–hip interaction]. EFORT Open Reviews. 2020 Sep 7;5(9):522-33.</ref> The t
..., alignment of the upper spine, cervical spine lordosis, kyphotic thoracic spine and the appropriate alignment of the pelvis connecting to the lower extremi
24 KB (3,499 words) - 09:59, 18 August 2022
...er upper rib cage motion compared to lower rib cage (Chaitow et al, 2002). Thoracic breathing is produced by recruiting the accessory muscles of respiration (i
...les to function and there is a need for a stabilised cervical and thoracic spine to assist movement of the ribs during inspiration and expiration. The diaph
76 KB (10,525 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...he limbs merely amplify movement that originates in the musculature of the spine and trunk. It has since been proposed and developed from this, by the likes
...e vectors that assist in the transfer of load within the pelvis and lumbar spine. These muscles within a myofascial sling may overlap and interconnect with
41 KB (6,260 words) - 13:54, 17 August 2020
...edling or acupuncture for reducing pain and disability in individuals with spine-related painful conditions: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal
...ents with cervicogenic headache: a multicenter randomized clinical trial]. Spine J. 2021 Feb;21(2):284-295
17 KB (2,375 words) - 13:52, 29 January 2024
[[File:LSS1.jpg|right|<ref>Bhave A. Modern Techniques in Spine Surgery. JP Medical Ltd; 2014 Nov 30.</ref>]]
...agnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (update). The Spine Journal. 2013 Jul 1;13(7):734-43.</ref>
72 KB (10,528 words) - 11:29, 14 October 2023
*Cervical and thoracic spine, the shoulder girdle and all joints proximal to amputation level in both ar
**In walking arm swing can be reduced and accompanied by thoracic side flexion to the amputated side
27 KB (3,999 words) - 13:17, 29 August 2020
# [[Lumbar Spine Fracture|Vertebral Fractures]]
...ssociation of Spine Surgeons standards of care for cauda equina syndrome.] Spine J. 2015 Mar 2;15(3 Suppl):S2-S4. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.01.006. PMID: 2
39 KB (5,495 words) - 15:28, 31 August 2023
...ensatory methods can include trunk leaning forwards or hinging into lumbar spine extension
** Make sure that the lumbar spine is in neutral
24 KB (3,673 words) - 11:48, 18 August 2022
[[File:Sagittal section of the lumbar spine Primal.png|thumb|Lumbar Spine]]
...or iliac crest, gluteal fold and/or in the general [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] region.<ref name=":12">Katonis P., Kampouroglou A., Aggelopoulos A., Kaka
28 KB (4,016 words) - 11:56, 10 March 2023
...ss, headache or vertigo, the PT should thoroughly examine for cervical and thoracic dysfunction, oculomotor and vestibular dysfunction, orthostatic dysfunction
...he vestibulo-ocular system as well as the afferent input from the cervical spine. The altered messages arising from these systems can lead to changes in the
32 KB (4,579 words) - 08:38, 12 July 2023
...s osteoporosis], [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Lumbar_Spine_Fracture lumbar spine fracture], [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Congenital_Spine_Deformities struct
...ychosocial predictors of outcome in acute and subchronic low back trouble. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995 Mar 15;20(6):722-8.Level of evidence 3C</ref>
46 KB (6,826 words) - 11:21, 18 August 2022
...ofile of the attitudes of nurses and physicians in Saudi Arabia. Annals of thoracic medicine. 2016 Oct;11(4):243.Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ar
...ve lung function. It has a series of three main phases: Breathing control, Thoracic expansion, and Forced expiratory technique.
20 KB (2,785 words) - 06:56, 16 May 2023
...in height, spinal cord compression, [[Radiculopathy|radicular]] pain or [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphosis]].
**Skeletal/bone pain (especially pelvis, spine and ribs)
14 KB (1,820 words) - 07:07, 18 September 2022
...fractures of the extremities, [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]], [[pelvis]], or spine. Because the bone is very vascular, large quantities of [[Blood Physiology|
14 KB (1,819 words) - 23:43, 25 January 2023
...ref name=":2">Kuchera W, Kuchera ML. Diagnosis and manipulative treatment: Thoracic region.</ref>.
...ay reveal an anteriorly tilted pelvis and increased lordosis of the lumbar spine<ref name=":3" />.
27 KB (3,782 words) - 14:32, 16 August 2023
...517/ Examination of motor and hypoalgesic effects of cervical vs. thoracic spine manipulation in patients with lateral epicondylalgia: A clinical trial.] Jo
Credible clinical evidence supports the use of cervical and thoracic mobilization/manipulation into the treatment of LET for improved pain, incr
49 KB (6,746 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
...ment system impairment syndromes of the extremities, cervical and thoracic spine St.Louis, MO (USA): Elsevier Mosby; 2011:p.439-482</ref> [[Weight bearing|W
17 KB (2,395 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...ed by chronic pain. In this case preoperative ultrasound- guided SSNB with thoracic epidural analgesia could achieve effective shoulder pain relief for 72 hour
* The spine of the scapula
23 KB (3,458 words) - 01:15, 14 August 2018
...fects of injury level and spasticity on gait, it was found that those with thoracic injures demonstrated reduced cadence, forward velocity, and knee angular ve
...come of cervical spinal cord-injured patients older than 50 years of age.] Spine. 1997 Jun 1;22(11):1189-92.</ref><ref>Crozier KS, Cheng LL, Graziani V, Zor
21 KB (3,169 words) - 18:23, 30 September 2022
Thoracic spine
...uscle soreness ([[Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)|DOMS]])); muscle or spine-related neuromuscular disorder; severity grade (minor partial, moderate, su
27 KB (3,829 words) - 10:53, 13 July 2023
Hyperkyphosis of the thoracic spine.
15 KB (2,097 words) - 23:39, 17 October 2023
...ventral rami (roots) of the lower 4 cervical nerves (C5-C8) and the first thoracic nerve (T1).<br>The brachial plexus is responsible for cutaneous and muscula
...all device and wires being inserted under the skin.<ref>Mayfeild Brain and Spine. [https://mayfieldclinic.com/pe-stim.htm Spinal Cord Stimulation.] Availabl
22 KB (3,271 words) - 00:23, 10 March 2024
|Anterior superior iliac spine
|posterior superior iliac spine
18 KB (2,462 words) - 21:40, 3 October 2023
...[[Forward Head Posture|forward head posture]] and kyphosis of the thoracic spine with mild lateral deviation towards the left. He also stands with slight hi
(-) indicates short of full extension. Also observed limited thoracic extension and axial rotation.
32 KB (4,632 words) - 19:01, 17 January 2023
== Cervico-Thoracic ==
...for Assessing Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency in the Management of Cervical Spine Disorders]. Rivett D, Shirley D, Magarey M, Refshauge K (2006). Australian
15 KB (2,156 words) - 14:54, 5 November 2023
...an Section|caesarean]] section may have an epidural (an injection into the spine that numbs the body from the waist down).
...ucociliary function, cephalad movement of the diaphragm and an increase in thoracic blood volume. This results in atelectasis and blockage of the bronchioles d
23 KB (3,296 words) - 23:10, 22 February 2021
...more contiguous dermatomes unilaterally. Dermatomes commonly involved are thoracic (53%), cervical (20%), and [[Trigeminal Neuralgia|trigeminal]] (15%) includ
...with rheumatoid arthritis. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Joint Bone Spine 2013:1-7.</ref>
14 KB (1,994 words) - 07:09, 6 January 2022
...the humerus and thoracic cage, scapula muscles are attached to humerus and spine. That's why scapula movements can occur with upper trunk or upper extremiti
19 KB (2,709 words) - 15:48, 29 December 2023
...shoulder lag sign and painful arc sign was positive. Cervical and thoracic spine ROM were reviewed and cleared with no issues.
14 KB (2,153 words) - 00:54, 22 June 2023
* Thoracic kyphosis
# Kyphotic [[posture]] in thoracic spine
38 KB (5,652 words) - 15:56, 20 November 2022
|Inferior mental spine: the posterior surface of the mandible near the lower part of the mandibula
Superior thoracic regions
18 KB (2,583 words) - 11:48, 17 October 2023
** patients with an AIS A spinal cord injury at the ''thoracic or lumbar levels'' (T12-L3) who regain some walking abilities will need the
** walking recovery is more likely in patients with ''low thoracic or lumbar lesions''
30 KB (4,381 words) - 12:24, 19 March 2024
Thoracic
...on where the spina bifida is located over the spine and how much nerve and spine cord damage is present;
65 KB (9,778 words) - 11:27, 18 August 2022
** [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|Kyphosis]] of the spine resulting in neck and back pain
...hich is going impact the spine. These patients will often have increased [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis]] secondary to becoming barrel chested. Other manifestations
46 KB (6,662 words) - 14:21, 2 February 2024
|Spine of the sphenoid bone
|Inferior mental spine: the posterior surface of the mandible near the lower part of the mandibula
27 KB (4,096 words) - 11:07, 17 October 2023
It is worth noting that the authors report that patients with cervical spine symptoms at the start of the study were associated with poorer outcomes in
...lbow instability, trauma or surgery; systemic use of steroids; or cervical spine pathology. <br>
131 KB (17,742 words) - 07:55, 12 October 2022
...sfunctions. Manual mobilisations and manipulations can be utilised for the spine and other joints to reduce pain and improve movement. Soft tissue intervent
...reating chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.] The Spine Journal. 2018 May 1;18(5):866-79.</ref>
31 KB (4,412 words) - 12:54, 13 March 2023
...and radiculopathy as delayed presentations of the retained spinal bullet. Spine J. 2009 Oct;9(10):e5-8.</ref>
* visceral damage in the thoracic / abdominal areas from gunshot injuries
17 KB (2,269 words) - 12:56, 1 May 2024
...ic curve disappeared in sitting and was replaced with an obvious increased thoracic kyphosis. The patient had bilateral thick calf muscles as well as winging a
* Standing: Hyper-lordotic curve in the [[Lumbar Examination|lumbar spine]], anterior pelvic tilt, weight is shifted forward. Bilateral thick calf mu
38 KB (5,762 words) - 13:52, 11 February 2023
...louched internally rotated shoulders, exaggerated kyphosis in the thoracic spine with head forward
19 KB (2,768 words) - 17:11, 10 February 2023
...ih.gov/16550446/ European guidelines for prevention in low back pain.] Eur Spine J. 2006 Mar;15 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S136-68. </ref>
...chosocial predictors of outcome in acute and subchronic low back trouble.] Spine. 1995 Mar 15;20(6):722-8.</ref> Non-specific low back pain affects approxim
61 KB (8,853 words) - 12:53, 26 June 2023
*[[Scoliosis|Scoliosis]], [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|Kyphosis]]
*Headaches related to muscle tension in cervical spine and TMJ dysfunction
20 KB (2,838 words) - 14:49, 30 July 2023
...a&utm_medium=related_articles&utm_campaign=ongoing_internal#share Cervical spine C5-C7]<ref name=":7" />
*** Thoracic outlet
24 KB (3,324 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
* [[Assessment and Treatment of the Thoracic Spine|Thorax]]
23 KB (3,140 words) - 07:00, 23 November 2022
...asticity Reduction and Upper Limb Function in Tetraplegic Patients]. Asian Spine J. 2021 Aug;15(4):498-503. </ref>
* Rounded shoulders with increased thoracic kyphosis
22 KB (3,002 words) - 12:55, 7 April 2023
** The x-factor – rotation of the thoracic spine relative to the pelvis at the top of the backswing
22 KB (3,209 words) - 09:58, 18 August 2022
...scale in patients with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg Spine. 2019 Jan 18:1-5.</ref>
...to body noxious stimuli. It occurs with people with a spinal injury at the thoracic level (T6) and above. This issue is called ''autonomic dysreflexia'' and i
21 KB (3,046 words) - 01:47, 19 January 2023
...xact cause.<ref>Canapp SO, Dycus D, Kirkby Shaw K. Disorders of the Canine Thoracic Limb. In: Zink C, Van Dyke JB, editors. Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabili
...houlder computed tomography and clinical findings in 89 dogs presented for thoracic limb lameness. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2013;54(4):358-64. </ref> OCD occurs
39 KB (5,749 words) - 11:31, 18 August 2022
...anthropology. 2016 Dec;35:1-2.</ref> AROM in the neck, thoracic and lumbar spine decreases every decade; the greatest changes occur in thoracolumbar mobilit
...;63(4):171-5. </ref><ref>Johnson M, Mulcahey MJ. Interrater reliability of spine range of motion measurement using a tape and goniometer. Journal of chiropr
32 KB (4,794 words) - 13:39, 3 September 2023
[[File:Dermatomes for Thoracic Spine Course.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Dermatomes]]
23 KB (3,174 words) - 09:59, 18 August 2022
...s. However, a kinematic chain extends from the cervical and upper thoracic spine to the fingertips. Only when certain multiple segments are completely fixed
25 KB (3,844 words) - 17:43, 2 October 2023
...ment system impairment syndromes of the extremities, cervical and thoracic spine St.Louis, MO (USA): Elsevier Mosby; 2011:p.439-482</ref>
28 KB (4,166 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...ed to look for degenerative changes of the [[Cervical Examination|cervical spine]] and [[elbow]], as well as bony compression from spurs or previous [[Fract
...let Syndrome Information Page. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/thoracic/thoracic.htm. Updated July 14, 2010. Accessed November 1, 2010.</ref>
38 KB (5,582 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...ment system impairment syndromes of the extremities, cervical and thoracic spine St.Louis, MO (USA): Elsevier Mosby; 2011:p.439-482</ref>
28 KB (4,062 words) - 06:26, 12 April 2024
'''Long thoracic nerve''' (Pain on flexing fully extended arm. Inability to flex fully exten
Physical examination should begin with a cervical spine screening of all upper extremity [[dermatomes]], [[myotomes]] and [[reflexe
31 KB (4,411 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...//www.physio-pedia.com/Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome Parsonage Turner Syndrome, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome]
...function Thrust and non-thrust manipulation] (TSTM) of the cervicothoracic spine and/or ribs may lead to significant improvement in pain and disability in p
27 KB (3,911 words) - 11:20, 18 August 2022
...concluded that it is essential to consider the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]] as a potential cause of orofacial pain and that cervical mobilisation can
...f bodywork and movement therapies. 2019 Jul 1;23(3):547-54.</ref> examined thoracic paraspinal myofascial trigger points in 20 individuals with upper limb CRPS
27 KB (3,897 words) - 11:27, 18 August 2022
*A full UQE should be performed to rule out cervical spine involvement or any neurological pathologies.<ref name="Kelley" />
Cervical, thoracic, shoulder ROMs with OP as well as rib mobility should be performed. Reduced
71 KB (10,477 words) - 17:00, 30 June 2023
...l orthosis ('TLSO') affects the thoracic, lumbar and sacral regions of the spine. It is also useful to describe the function of the orthosis.<br>Types of or
29 KB (4,373 words) - 10:33, 2 November 2023
...effectiveness was found for the manipulation of the cervical and thoracic spine as add-on therapy to concentric and eccentric stretching plus mobilisatio
26 KB (3,776 words) - 00:23, 5 June 2020
* Exaggerated kyphosis in the thoracic spine → rounded back
28 KB (4,138 words) - 17:13, 30 July 2023
...curl or Romanian deadlift; deadlift with caution in elderly patients with spine issues)
* Patients with cervical or high thoracic injury (i.e. T6 and above) should be aware of the symptoms of autonomic dys
42 KB (5,944 words) - 17:57, 26 February 2023
...o a postmenopausal woman with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis of the spine.] Physiother Theory Pract. 2013 Oct;29(7):547-61.</ref>
|Functions of the muscles involved in breathing. Inclusions: functions of thoracic respiratory muscles; functions of the diaphragm; functions of accessory res
30 KB (4,231 words) - 07:24, 13 November 2023
...ield prior to his diagnosis. Patient initially began experiencing thoracic spine and left (L) upper extremity (UE) pain, mild L lower extremity (LE) weaknes
26 KB (3,920 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
*[http://www.physio-pedia.com/Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)]
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10907896/ Thoracic Spine Dysfunction in Upper Extremity Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I]
47 KB (6,555 words) - 12:05, 25 September 2023
A spinal tap is a procedure in which a needle is inserted into the lumbar spine to remove a small amount of cerebral spinal fluid, which is then brought to
* Flexed thoracic spine
54 KB (7,917 words) - 18:46, 3 March 2024
* C/S = [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]]
** Forward head posture, postural increased kyphosis in thoracic spine
57 KB (8,268 words) - 07:33, 24 February 2024
...of his ankles bilaterally. Posture is upright and symmetrical with slight thoracic kyphosis.
|Cervical spine flexion, extension, side flexion, rotation
37 KB (5,212 words) - 16:39, 1 March 2022
|Unstable Cervical Spine
|'''[[Long Thoracic Nerve]]'''
52 KB (7,519 words) - 11:45, 3 August 2022
#Thoracic Expansion Exercises (TEE) - These breaths emphasize the breath going in. Th
...correct posture. Having the correct posture can prevent curvatures in the spine that can ultimately lead to compression of the torso, which affects the abi
54 KB (8,170 words) - 14:22, 2 February 2024
