...adiculopathy]] refers to a compressed nerve root in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic area]] of the spine. This is the least common location for radiculopathy. T
* The pinched nerve can occur at different areas along the thoracic spine
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== Thoracic Ligaments ==
The [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic spine]] is strengthened by the presence of numerous ligaments.
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...ustus A. White. "A biomechanical study of the ligamentous stability of the thoracic spine in man." Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 52.3 (1981): 315-326. </ref
...ation of the cephalad vertebra on the caudal one).<br>Lateral listheses in thoracic spines are rare, possibly due to restraints provided by the rib cage and th
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#REDIRECT [[Thoracic Ligaments]]
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...thoracic wall muscles]], muscles of the upper limb, abdomen, and back. The thoracic spine lies between the superior [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine and the
The bodies of the thoracic vertebrae are medium sized and heart shaped. They are all weight-bearing an
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[[File:Thoracic grade 2 T6 PA mobilisations.png|right|frameless]]
The [[Thoracic Anatomy|Thoracic Spine]] has a complex and often overlooked role within the body. It is a ke
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This guide gives a general overview of the anatomy of the thoracic spine. It also includes some facts regarding pathophysiology in this region
The sagittal plane alignment of the Thoracic spine is on average 35% (normal range is 20° to 50°).<ref name=":2" />
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#REDIRECT [[Thoracic Radiculopathy]]
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...cic spine of greater than 40°.<ref name=":3">Fon GT, Pitt MJ, Thies Jr AC. Thoracic kyphosis: range in normal subjects. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1980
...uniform accepted thresholds for defining either hyperkyphosis or “normal” thoracic spine changes associated with aging<ref name=":0">Kado DM, Prenovost K, Cra
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It has been confirmed several times in literature that the thoracic spondylolysis is not as common as cervical or lumbar spondylolysis. The vas
...lysis are: the thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12), the intervertebral disc of the thoracic vertebrae (These act like shock absorbers for the spine as it moves.), 12 p
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...s attributed to the particular orientation, structure, and function of the thoracic spine in the vertebral column.
...to bear most of the weight of the of the axial skeleton as compared to the thoracic and sacral spine.
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...nerve makes it susceptible to various injuries<ref name=":0" />. The long thoracic nerve has an upper (C5 and C6 ) and lower portion (C7) which fuse in the ax
...science/article/pii/S2211568420302187 Ultrasonographic anatomy of the long thoracic nerve: A reappraisal using high frequency (24-MHz) probe]. Diagnostic and I
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...LM, Bragge P. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19563667?dopt=Abstract Thoracic spine pain in the general population: prevalence, incidence and associated
...broad because of many factors eg the different definitions and duration of thoracic back pain included.
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...racic Vertebrae|thoracic spine]] [[Fracture|fractures]] occur in the lower thoracic spine, with 60% to 70% of thoraco-lumbar fractures occurring in the T11 to
...res]. Injury. 2009 Feb 1;40(2):166-72.</ref> Minor trauma can also cause a thoracic spine fracture in individuals who have a condition associated with loss of
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...d intrinsic [[Back Muscles|back muscles]] of the thoracolumbar region. The thoracic nerves also supply some of the areas of skin over the abdomen and axilla.
...amage Available:https://www.marylandbackandneckpaindoctors.com/symptoms-of-thoracic-spine-nerve-damage/ (accessed 7,2,2022)</ref>.
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.../www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15977087/RK=0/RS=Uf40RaNjGotz6bh_.MJpUN0CVIs- Thoracic outlet syndrome]. Agri: Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi'nin Yayin organidir= The jo
...PS. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/106698110X12640740712734 Thoracic outlet syndrome: a controversial clinical condition. Part 1: anatomy, and c
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Not attached to the thoracic spine, but an important group of muscles in this region is the Intercostal
...the ligamentum nuchae of the neck, to the spinous processes of C7 and the thoracic spine down to T12. It connects the shoulder blade with the vertebral column
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Thoracic back pain is more likely to be caused by serious underlying pathology than
* Thoracic spine pain often has a musculoskeletal origin related to poor posture or ov
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Thoracic Manipulation for Shoulder Dysfunction}}
...queira-Junior AL, Ribeiro IL, Camargo PR. Scapular kinematics pre–and post–thoracic thrust manipulation in individuals with and without shoulder impingement sy
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...frameless]]This page outlines some Manual Techniques and Exercises for the Thoracic Spine.
...in the later stages of life. Additionally, reduced ROM or strength in the thoracic spine will affect the entire kinetic chain.
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#REDIRECT [[Thoracic Back Pain]]
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...sment include:<ref name=":0">Bell-Jenje T. Assessment and Treatment of the Thoracic Spine Course. Plus , 2021.</ref>
...ning and Pathologies of the Thoracic Spine|masquerade]] as musculoskeletal thoracic pain
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...ll of these conditions must be considered when assessing patients who have thoracic pain.
...horax. Additional information on thoracic spine musculature is available [[Thoracic Spine Major Muscles|here]].
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...c pathologies. This article discusses the key anatomical structures of the thoracic vertebrae and rib cage, including the bony structures, articulations, ligam
== Thoracic Spine Structure ==
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...s warranted to determine the extent and nature of the relationship between thoracic manipulation and shoulder pain.
This case report indicates manipulations directed to the thoracic spine may be a useful adjunct to pragmatic treatment for patients with shou
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#REDIRECT [[Effectiveness of thoracic manipulations on shoulder pain: A Case Report]]
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[[File:Thoracic manip.JPG|right|frameless]]
...] on the thoracic spine may improve patient’s symptoms when suffering from thoracic and/or referred pain.
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...piratory Distress Syndrome?] from ATS Patient Information Series. American Thoracic Society (2007).
...ise for Children and Adults] from ATS Patient Information Series. American Thoracic Society (2007).
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#REDIRECT [[Thoracic Radiculopathy]]
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#REDIRECT [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis]]
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#REDIRECT [[Thoracic Ligaments]]
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#REDIRECT [[Thoracic Back Pain]]
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#REDIRECT [[Thoracic Spine Fracture]]
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#REDIRECT [[Thoracic Manipulation for Shoulder Dysfunction]]
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#REDIRECT [[Effectiveness of thoracic manipulations on shoulder pain: A Case Report]]
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To assess for possible [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome]].<br>
...ings and postural maneuver and physical examination tests in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome: results of a double-blind, controlled study. Arch Phys Med
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...ertebrae|lumbar vertebral]] spine and inserted into the bones of the upper thoracic vertebral spine.
...nalis is innervated by the lateral branches of the posterior rami of the [[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|spinal nerves]].
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Spinous processes of [[Thoracic Vertebrae|T2-T8]].<ref name=":1" />
Lateral branch of the posterior rami of [[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|spinal nerves]]<ref name=":1" />
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Test for presence of [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|thoracic outlet syndrome]].<br>
...http://www.nismat.org/patients/injury-evaluation-treatment/head-neck-back/thoracic-outlet-syndrome-more-than-just-a-pain-in-the-neck</ref>
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Iliocostalis Thoracic (also know as iliocostalis dorsi) is the thoracic segment of the iliocostalis muscle.<ref name=":1">Roldan CJ, Huh BK. [https
...e lateral branches of the posterior primary divisions (dorsal rami) of the thoracic spinal nerves.<ref name=":0" />
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...]] or [[shoulder]] pain.<ref>Ghan GM, Babu VS. Immediate effect of cervico-thoracic mobilization on deep neck flexors strength in individuals with forward head
...669817.2020.1834321?scroll=top&needAccess=true Immediate Effect of Cervico-thoracic Mobilization on Deep Neck Flexors Strength in Individuals with Forward Head
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...w.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1356689X09001416#aep-abstract-id9 Thoracic outlet syndrome part 1: clinical manifestations, differentiation and treatm
The pulse disappearance indicates a positive test result for thoracic outlet syndrome
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...hority.20110803100210167. Accessed: 10 Feb. 2021</ref>[[File:Spaces of the thoracic outlet.png|thumb]]
...acic Outlet Syndrome.<ref>Julie Freischlag, Kristine Orion, "Understanding Thoracic Outlet Syndrome", ''Scientifica'', vol. 2014, Article ID 248163, 6 p
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...nuchae]] (C4 to C6) and spinous process of [[Vertebra Prominens|C7]] to [[Thoracic Vertebrae|T2]].<ref name=":0">spinalis muscle | anatomy [Internet]. Encyclo
'''Nerve Supply:''' Posterior rami of cervical and [[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|thoracic spinal nerves]] (C4 to T1). <ref name="wh" />
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...ne from the base of the skull,via the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine, thoracic spine and [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] spine to the sacrum. It connects the fr
[[Category:Thoracic Spine]]
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...nostic tool used in the identification of [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)]]. It is also known as the “elevated arm stress tes
Please refer to the [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)]] page.
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...nerve makes it susceptible to various injuries<ref name=":0" />. The long thoracic nerve has an upper (C5 and C6 ) and lower portion (C7) which fuse in the ax
...science/article/pii/S2211568420302187 Ultrasonographic anatomy of the long thoracic nerve: A reappraisal using high frequency (24-MHz) probe]. Diagnostic and I
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The tips of transverse process of all thoracic vertebrae and the lower 9 or 10 ribs between the tubercles and angles <ref
Dorsal rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (T7 to L5) <ref name="p3">http://www.anatomyexpert
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...d intrinsic [[Back Muscles|back muscles]] of the thoracolumbar region. The thoracic nerves also supply some of the areas of skin over the abdomen and axilla.
...amage Available:https://www.marylandbackandneckpaindoctors.com/symptoms-of-thoracic-spine-nerve-damage/ (accessed 7,2,2022)</ref>.
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When testing the thoracic and lumbar spine strength a few differences are noted:
...or spine extension are different for the [[lumbar]] and [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] spines. Beginning at Grade 3, the tests for both spinal levels are combin
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== Thoracic Ligaments ==
The [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic spine]] is strengthened by the presence of numerous ligaments.
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These joints run from the first thoracic vertebra (T1) to the tenth thoracic vertebra (T10) and are surrounded by a weak articular capsule. This thin ca
...applications: a comprehensive review with application to approaches to the thoracic spine]. Cureus. 2016 Nov 11;8(11).</ref>
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...es</ref> Often penetrated by the dorsal scapular<ref name=":0" /> and long thoracic nerves<ref name=":1">Bordoni B, Varacallo M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
...s in the ipsilateral upper limb<ref name=":1" />. Please see the page on [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|TOS]] for more information regarding this syndrome.
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...icial of the transversospinalis muscle group. Its attachment sites are the thoracic vertebrae (semispinalis thoracis), cervical vertebrae ([[Semispinalis Cervi
...pans the whole length of the vertebral column, it is most developed in the thoracic region. It consists of 2 part long and short rotatores.
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It is thicker and broader in the lumbar than in the thoracic region, it merges to thoracolumbar fascia.<ref name=":0" />
[[Category:Thoracic Spine]] [[Category:Thoracic Spine - Anatomy]] [[Category:Thoracic Spine - Ligaments]]
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The ribs are the bony framework of the thoracic cavity.
...he main structure of the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] cage protecting the thoracic organs, however their main function is to aid [[Breathing Pattern Disorders
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Thoracic back pain is more likely to be caused by serious underlying pathology than
* Thoracic spine pain often has a musculoskeletal origin related to poor posture or ov
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...s in the axial skeleton. The first two laws solely apply to the lumbar and thoracic spinal regions, but the third applies to the entire vertebral column <
*In the thoracic spine, there is capability for both neutral and non-neutral coupling.
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...nts with elbow pain may benefit from treatment directed at the cervical or thoracic spines, and/or wrist.
...p; -[[Thoracic Examination|Thoracic Examination]] <br>
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...eir corresponding [[Thoracic Vertebrae|thoracic vertebrae]], enclosing the thoracic cage from the posterior side.[[File:Gray312.png|Costovertebral articulation
...with the load-bearing, protection, posture and scaffolding roles that the thoracic cage provides with their stabilization properties .
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...ius cervicis is one of the deep (or intrinsic) muscles of the cervical and thoracic spine. <ref name="gray">Gray's Anatomy of Human Body, Bartleby.com edition.
...tid artery. Dorsal branches of the posterior intercostal arteries from the thoracic aorta. <ref name=":1">Kenhub. 2021. ''Splenius cervicis muscle''. [online]
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...LM, Bragge P. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19563667?dopt=Abstract Thoracic spine pain in the general population: prevalence, incidence and associated
...broad because of many factors eg the different definitions and duration of thoracic back pain included.
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...ine rotation and lateral flexion combined motion in the examination of the thoracic outlet. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1990; 71: 343-344.</ref><ref>Lindgren KA, Lei
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...olumn inferior to the 6th cervical (C6) vertebra and superior to the first thoracic (T1) <ref name=":0" />.
...al and thoracic regions, the C7 has some features of both the cervical and thoracic vertebrae.
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# Muscles that are helpful in expanding the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] cavity are called the inspiratory muscles because they help in inhalation
# Those that compress the thoracic cavity are called expiratory muscles and they induce exhalation.
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Thoracic Manipulation for Shoulder Dysfunction}}
...queira-Junior AL, Ribeiro IL, Camargo PR. Scapular kinematics pre–and post–thoracic thrust manipulation in individuals with and without shoulder impingement sy
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* Longissimus thoracis (thoracic part): L1-L5 spinous and transverse processes, sacral posterior surface an
* Longissimus thoracis (thoracic part): T1-T12 transverse processes and the angles of ribs 7-12
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# Lower 6 [[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|thoracic nerves]] and accompanying branches of the posterior intercostal vessels
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...adiculopathy]] refers to a compressed nerve root in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic area]] of the spine. This is the least common location for radiculopathy. T
* The pinched nerve can occur at different areas along the thoracic spine
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...scle originates along the lateral aspect of the vertebral body of the 12th thoracic vertebrae and the 1st lumbar vertebrae, and the intervertebral disc between
[[Category:Thoracic Spine]]
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...f> The ribs form the main structure of the thoracic cage that protects the thoracic organs. There are 12 pairs of ribs which are separated by intercostal spac
* The only rib that articulates with one thoracic vertebra only (T1).<ref name=":2" />
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Adson's test is a provocative test for [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome]] accompanied by compression of the subclavian artery by a
...68EYtTAO4z2yATZiLfgDQ&scisig=AAGBfm0jy9K80svS37dDKXUPOe782UsRhw Diagnosing thoracic outlet syndrome:] Contribution of provocation tests, ultrasonography, elect
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Not attached to the thoracic spine, but an important group of muscles in this region is the Intercostal
...the ligamentum nuchae of the neck, to the spinous processes of C7 and the thoracic spine down to T12. It connects the shoulder blade with the vertebral column
9 KB (1,326 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...the sternum and their relationship to chest wall structure and function]. Thoracic surgery clinics. 2007 Nov 1;17(4):473-89.</ref>
...om internal thoracic (mammary) artery; deep to the sternum is the internal thoracic artery laterally
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...egion, the ligaments are thin, but broad and long; they are thicker in the thoracic region, and thickest in the lumbar region.
...ee-dimensional imaging analysis for the diagnosis of dural ossification in thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum: a multicenter study.] ''Quantitative
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In the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] and thoracic regions it has a uniform width over the bodies and discs, but in the [[Lumb
It is broader above than below, and thicker in the thoracic than in the cervical and lumbar regions. The ligament is more narrow at
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* Front limb - the thoracic or pectoral limb
'''Terminology referring to the thoracic or forelimb:'''<ref name=":1" />
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