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...ilk, K., C. Macrina, L., M. Reinold, M., 'Non-operative rehabilitation for traumatic and atraumatic glenohumeral instability', North american journal of sports *Frequency of dislocation (chronic versus acute)

...t is less common than the anterior instability experienced due an anterior dislocation. <ref name=":1">Robinson, C.M., Aderinto, J., 2005. Recurrent posterior sho

...de of the head of the humerus) for risk of [[Shoulder Dislocation|shoulder dislocation]]. ...st, the possible diagnoses include: glenohumeral instability, subluxation, dislocation or impingement.

...nerable to [[Shoulder Subluxation|subluxation]] and [[Shoulder Dislocation|dislocation]]<ref>Dumont GD, Russell RD, Robertson WJ. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ...ith most being an anterior dislocation. A common complication is recurrent dislocation, suggestive of instability<ref name=":1">Hayes K, Callanan M, Walton J, Pax

...could suffer a rupture.&nbsp;<ref>Hall, Graham C et al. “Atlanto-Occipital Dislocation.” World Journal of Orthopedics 6.2 (2015): 236–243. PMC. Web. 25 Apr. 2

[[File:Shoulder dislocation, anteroposterior after reduction, with Bankart and Hill-Sachs lesions, with ...). Correlation between Bankart and Hill-Sachs lesions in anterior shoulder dislocation. ANZ J Surg 76 (6): 436–8.</ref>

[[File:Anterior-shoulder-dislocation-1.jpeg|thumb|Anterior-shoulder-dislocation|alt=|331x331px]] ...dislocation (correctly termed a [[Glenohumeral Joint|glenohumeral joint]] dislocation) involves separation of the [[humerus]] from the [[Glenoid Labrum|glenoid]]

A patellar dislocation occurs by a lateral shift of the [[patella]], leaving the trochlea groove o [[Image:336px-Patellaluxation ap 002.jpg|patella dislocation]]

...tic posterior hip dislocation.jpeg|thumb|440x440px|Traumatic posterior hip dislocation]] ..., Johnson DE. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459319/ Posterior hip dislocation].Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459319/ (accessed 7.1.2023

A Chopart fracture-dislocation is a dislocation of the mid-tarsal joints of the foot, often with associated [http://www.phy ...&amp; Patinharayil, G. (2009). Acute Isolated Dorsal Midtarsal (Chopart's) Dislocation: A Case Report [electronic version]. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery,

Posterior [[elbow]] dislocation (PED) occurs when the [[radius]] and [[ulna]] are forcefully driven&nbsp;po ...i.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1323450/ Rehabilitation after posterolateral dislocation of the elbow in a collegiate football player: A case report.] J Athl Traini

...osterior movement and assist with blocking [[Shoulder Dislocation|shoulder dislocation]] and [[Shoulder Subluxation|subluxation]] at the maximal ranges of motion. ...s frequently involved in shoulder pathology by acute trauma (e.g. shoulder dislocation) or more commonly by repeated microtrauma, e.g. shoulder subluxation.<ref n

...me=":2">Loosemore MJ, Ansdell ML, Charalambous CP, Harrison JW, Hayton MJ. Traumatic Extensor Hood Rupture, 2009;4(2):177–179. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007 ...were seen as a hypoechoic thickening at the side of the extensor tendons. Dislocation of the extensor tendons could be observed. The ultrasound examination one y

...the pars interarticularis of cervical vertebrae 2 (C2) with an associated traumatic subluxation of C2 on cervical vertebrae 3 (C3). It is the second most commo ...ompanied by C2/C3 disk dislocation and unilateral or bilateral C2/C3 facet dislocation. There is also injury of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament.

...m.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5919795/pdf/10-1055-s-0037-1606206.pdf Traumatic dislocation of the pisiform bone]. Journal of Hand and Microsurgery. 2018 Apr;10(01):03

Common injuries generally fall into two different categories: traumatic (acute) or overuse (chronic). === Traumatic Injuries ===

Subluxation or dislocation of the [[Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus Muscle|peroneal tendons]] is a disorde ...be absent or convex in some<ref name="Mann">Roger A. Mann, Subluxation and dislocation of the peroneal tendons. Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine, Vol 7, No

...[https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/full/10.1302/0301-620x.88b6.17448 Dislocation of the knee.] The Journal of bone and joint surgery 2006;88(6):706-11.</ref ..., car crashes, and other high-speed injuries.<ref name=":3" /> Spontaneous dislocation is often seen in cases associated with obesity, and make up about 20% of kn

...s aged between 14 and 18 years<ref name=":0" />, with the first episode of dislocation typically occurring at the age of 15.<ref>Kim HK, Parikh S. Patellofemoral ...;37(7):484-90. </ref> Vellios et al.<ref name=":0" /> note that first-time dislocation may be managed conservatively (i.e. through rehabilitation, bracing, and ac

...a fracture is defined as a one-third fracture of the ulna with radial head dislocation<ref name=":0">Johnson NP, Silberman M. Monteggia Fractures. 2023 Jan 31. In ...a set of traumatic injuries having in common a Monteggia fracture with the dislocation of the radial head either in anterior, posterior or lateral directions.

...epetitive microtraumas, degenerative changes with age, or as a result of a traumatic event. <ref name=":1" /> ...tress & microtrauma accumulation, age & degenerative changes, and acute or traumatic events.

...raumatic etiology is the most frequent cause. In this case an atlantoaxial dislocation can possibly appear, which needs a fixation. ...spine injuries<ref name="Moreau">Moreau, PE, et al. traumatic atlantoaxial dislocation with odontoid fracture: a case report. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2012 Sep;

*'''Clinically important cervical spine injury''' is defined as any fracture, dislocation, or ligamentous instability demonstrated by diagnostic imaging which requir ...ever, it may be clinically relevant in patients with acute neck pain whose traumatic incident was more than two days previous.

...ssed 24 December 2023)</ref> This lesion is caused by an anterior shoulder dislocation which causes a humeral head impression fracture. The posterolateral aspect ...chs and [[Bankart lesion|Bankart Lesions]] that can occur with a shoulder dislocation and contribute to further shoulder instability (2 minutes)

...anatomy of the axillary nerve and the anatomic basis of its iatrogenic and traumatic injury.] Springer. 2010;32:193-201. ...M, Drew S. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19126329 Anterior shoulder dislocation.] Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2009:91:2-7.</ref><ref name="Duralde">Duralde X. [h

...opy. 2005;21(suppl):e36.abstr.</ref><br>Trauma - results in subluxation or dislocation of the hip damaging the labrum Unless there is a traumatic injury the problem may go undiagnosed for years.<ref name="Groh" />&nbsp; S

...uring daily activities can weaken the joints increasing the possibility of dislocation. ...ge to the surrounding tissues in addition to damage experienced during its dislocation.

...nstability]], [[Shoulder Subluxation]] and [[Shoulder Dislocation|shoulder dislocation]]. ...int, but this leaves it inherently unstable and with the highest chance of dislocation of all the body's joints. The GHJ is formed where the humeral head fits int

Lisfranc injuries involve the displacement (or dislocation) of the [[Metatarsals|metatarsal]] bones from the tarsus, particularly as i ...eo YH, Verhoeven W. [https://annals.edu.sg/pdf200405/V33N3p362.pdf Plantar dislocation of lateral tarsometatarsal joint: a case of subtle Lisfranc injury]. ANNALS

...e way is when the patient has undergone a traumatic [[Patellar dislocation|dislocation of the patella]]. It can also describe a sign on physical examination, sign ..._dislocation dislocation of the patella]. It can develop after a traumatic dislocation of the kneecap in which the medial kneecap-stabilisers are stretched or rup

...mputations]], joint replacements, and [[Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury|traumatic brain injuries (TBI)]].<ref name=":0">Sun E, Hanyu-Deutmeyer AA. [https://w The exact mechanism of heterotopic ossification (HO) in traumatic and neurogenic heterotopic ossification is unknown, but two common factors

...an present as pain or a sense of displacement either as a subluxation or a dislocation. The patient usually reports abnormal motions and sense of apprehension whi ...s. The concept of instability being caused by a combination of structural (traumatic and atraumatic) and neurological system disturbances has led to the classif

*Traumatic Dislocation

...ed as “generalized articular hypermobility, with or without subluxation or dislocation.<ref name="p2">Russek LN. Hypermobility Syndrome. Physical therapy . 1999 ( * Acute or Traumatic sprains: - recurrent ankle sprains

...Flanigan DC. Treatment of patella alta in patients with episodic patellar dislocation: a systematic review. ''Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc.'' 2014;22(10 ...healthy, control knees.(1)<br><br>A common symptom of patellar injury and dislocation is acute pain after direct contact or sudden change of direction. With sudd

* Rib fractures - traumatic or atraumatic (most due to direct penetrating or blunt trauma to the chest) * Rib dislocation

...sis (often connected with “spina bifida”, inborn wrong leg joint position, dislocation of the hip, and chest anomalies) * Post-traumatic scoliosis (burn…)

...n Injury Center MossRhab Hospital. (2004). Rehabilitation for persons with traumatic brain injury. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2004/WHO_D ...when standing. If the hip joint does not form correctly, this can lead to dislocation. <ref name=":6" />

...uk/conditions/arthroscopy/ (Accessed 18/01/2023)</ref>. Arthroscopy avoids dislocation and causes less trauma to the tissues, including avoiding the cutting of th [[File:Hip dislocation1.png|thumb|Hip dislocation]]

...es is disrupted it can lead to spectrum of pathologies from subluxation to dislocation.<ref>Hayes K, Callanan M, Walton J, Paxinos A, Murrell GA. Shoulder instabi === Traumatic Unidirectional Instability with Bankart lesion (TUBS)<ref name=":1" /> ===

* [[Patellar dislocation|Patellar Dislocation]] ...K. Clinical Sports Medicine 4th edition McGraw Hill.</ref> After an acute traumatic injury, the area of pain can help to determine which structures are damaged

...it in relation to the humerus (Figure 1), causing posterior subluxation or dislocation of the radial head relative to the capitellum, without associated instabili ...e from: O’Driscoll SW, Morrey BF, Korinek S, An K-N. Elbow subluxation and dislocation: a spectrum of instability. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 199

...etic injuries, falls, and assaults result in the majority of the remaining traumatic cases. ...diagnosis of acute sternal injury is broad. Some include (as well as other traumatic injuries that must be ruled out)

...the [[hip]]. These patients may describe a sense that the [[hip]] is [[Hip Dislocation|dislocating]].<ref name="Byrd" /> People with external SHS may also have co Internal SHS also has a gradual onset, not usually associated with a traumatic event.<ref name="Idjadi" /> These patients describe a painful sensation com

...ntinuum of shoulder instability exists with laxity at one end and complete dislocation of the joint at the other. Defining posterior shoulder instability (PSI) is ...ght on the instability or symptoms they have, yet only 17% report having a dislocation requiring reduction.&nbsp;<ref name="Robinson" />&nbsp;<ref name="Fritsch"

...oulder injuries (e.g. clavicle fracture of [[Shoulder Dislocation|shoulder dislocation]]) * Traumatic injury e.g. fall (more common cause in younger individuals)<ref name=":0" /

...es to a disorder of the lower back or lower extremity. It can be caused by traumatic, infectious, inflammatory, vascular, or neoplastic processes. This adaptive ** Partial dislocation of a joint

<br>A traumatic event is often at the origin of carpal injury: the trauma causes ligamentou ...n. Resulting from high-energy injuries they principally include perilunate dislocation and scapholunate dissociation (resulting from a fall on an outstretched han

...attachments<ref name=":2" />, and trauma to those ligamentous attachments. Traumatic or atraumatic injury most often involve the PMF.<ref name=":1" /> * [[Patellar dislocation|Patellar Dislocation]]

...s foot deformity. <ref>Cornwall R, Radomisli TE. Nerve injury in traumatic dislocation of the hip. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000 Aug;(377):84-91.</ref>

...ng therapy interventions. J Hand Ther. 2006; 19(2):82-97.</ref>&nbsp;For a traumatic injuries, specific symptoms can be highly useful in determining a diagnosis * Fracture/Dislocation (Positive Elbow Extension Test)

...of the tibia on the femur (unlocking of knee joint) and prevents forward dislocation of the femur on the tibia. # Contact/ Traumatic Injuries - Forced external rotation of the tibia on a partially flexed knee

* The most common cause of traumatic injury is low-energy trauma<ref name=":8" /> (e.g. falling over a plantar f .... [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448147/?report=printable Lisfranc dislocation]. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Jul 25. StatPearls Publishing.Last Update: F

...<ref name="p2">Goldblatt, D. , Treatment Of Pott’s Fracture, department of traumatic surgery of the New York postgraduate hospital, New YorkfckLR</ref>. ...n occurs in combination with other injuries such as an inversion injury, a dislocation of the ankle, or other fractures of the foot, ankle, or lower leg. Pott's f

|Dislocation |Traumatic bursitis

* [[Post-traumatic arthritis]] * [[Multiligament Injured Knee Dislocation|Knee dislocation]]

...ge in severity and cause. The effects may be mild or severe. Unfortunately traumatic incidences of BP injuries are on the rise, often leading to severe social a * Traumatic, e.g motor vehicle accident, contact sports

...of evidence 4)</ref>&nbsp;An acromioclavicular dislocation is a traumatic dislocation of the joint in which a displacement of the clavicle occurs relative to the ...ant disruption of the delto-trapezial fascia. This is often described as a dislocation.<br>

...ystonia Scale (BADS) is used to assess secondary dystonia in patients with traumatic brain injury or CP. The BADS is a criterion-based, ordinal scale covering e The Galeazzi sign is used when you are looking for instability, dislocation or anterior translation of the hip. The child lies supine with their legs i

* Paul of Aegina (AD 625–690) uses a windlass for spine dislocation and suggests [[laminectomy]]. The '''traumatic''' '''causes''' of spinal cord injury include:

...on can be classified into two categories based of the mechanism of injury: traumatic or atraumatic. ...):685-696.</ref><ref name="Wirth">Wirth MA, Rockwood CA. Acute and chronic traumatic injuries of the sternoclavicular joint. Journal of the American Academy of

...d Arthritis|Rheumatoid]]<nowiki/>aArthritis,[[post-traumatic arthritis|ost-traumatic arthritis]], and for moderate deformity of the Knee. ...ks which may be Implant related risks which may lead to a revision include dislocation, loosening, fracture, nerve damage, heterotropic ossification, wear of the

* Traumatic Optic Neuropathy ...rnal of Maxillofacial Surgery. 2015 Jan;6(1):16.</ref>.The most common TMJ dislocation is anterior to the auricular eminence, however, there have been reports of

...treated with spinal orthotics: compression, dislocation and compression / dislocation. 5-10% of these occur in the cervical (neck) region while up to 65% occur i ** Traumatic spondylolisthesis of C2 on C3

...bow pain. Thus, it can be helpful to distinguish between traumatic and non-traumatic mechanisms.<ref name=":4">Gatt, I. Sporting Elbow - Clinical Reasoning and |Posterior dislocation

...e <ref>Ganz R, Gill TJ, Gautier E, Ganz K, Krügel N, Berlemann U. Surgical dislocation of the adult hip: a technique with full access to the femoral head and acet ...& Related Surgery. 2014 Dec 1;30(12):1634-41.</ref><ref>Byrd JT, Jones KS. Traumatic rupture of the ligamentum teres as a source of hip pain. Arthroscopy: The J

...permobility may manifest as early as peripartum with [[Hip Dislocation|hip dislocation]]<nowiki/>s in the newly delivered inf<nowiki/>ant. ** Traumatic rupture or perforation

...can also produce what is known as the “terrible triad” which consists of a dislocation of the elbow, a radial head fracture, and a coronoid fracture.<ref name=":0 ...rect trauma to the elbow. Radial head fractures are common alongside elbow dislocation. Swelling and bruising of the posterior elbow may be visible. Swelling and

* Traumatic causes include humeral fractures, which are a common cause of radial nerve * Anterior glenohumeral shoulder dislocation can rarely result in a radial nerve injury and should be considered in any

...<ref name=":5">Di Benedetto M, Markey K. Electrodiagnostic localization of traumatic upper trunk brachial plexopathy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1984; 65:15.</ref> < * Immediate, acute traumatic onset of pain/burning/paresthesia/pins and needles/weakness.

...n incidents where adults experience a complete tear of a ligament or joint dislocation, children might experience a growth plate separation. Children appear to be * Traumatic injuries lead to fractures of the bone or growth plate, such as:

*Traumatic injuries *Bilateral forms of congenital [[Hip Dislocation|hip dislocation]]

...yen JT, Sonnema AJ, Nguyen EC, Amadio PC, Moran SL. The incidence of acute traumatic tendon injuries in the hand and wrist: a 10-year population-based study. Cl ...of an actively extended PIP joint. In another scenario, a volar PIP joint dislocation can avulse the dorsal lip of the middle phalanx base and create a central s

...d conflict situations there can be a significant increase in the number of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries, but all of these other causes of nerve injury wi ...ed at the fibular neck, as a result of fracture of the tibia and fibula or dislocation of the knee, while the tibial nerve is injured more in distal fractures of

* Post-traumatic arthritis * Dislocation of the wrist

...0. [PubMed] [Reference list]</ref>Lumbosacral plexopathies, resulting from traumatic injury, a complication of abdominal or pelvic surgery, or a complication of

...0%), frequent malunion, and late sequelae of carpal instability and [[post-traumatic arthritis]]<ref name="p5">Scott R. Laker et al, [https://emedicine.medscape * Traumatic injury through contact sports and road traffic accidents are also common ca

...dson, Frank E. Seidelmann- Predislocation Syndrome Progressive Subluxation/dislocation of the Lesser Metatarsophalangeal JointJournal of the American Podiatric Me *Traumatic hallux valgus deformity

...alking. She had Known OA knee bilateral. She also had Hx of right shoulder dislocation that she told was alright- reported no recent episode. She also had a past Rotator cuff related atraumatic and traumatic problems ranging from tendinopathy to tears is one of the most common muscu

* Traumatic: fractures. * Dislocation of one or both femurs.

** Post-traumatic trigeminal pain / trigeminal neuropathic pain / atypical odontalgia ...ar disc is positioned anteriorly in the joint (i.e. anterior subluxation / dislocation):<ref name=":6">Rocabado M. Joint distraction with a functional maxillomand

** should a dislocation occur during passive movement, the ECU can be considered as grossly unstabl ...mes D, Matos J, Moreira J, Aguiar-Branco C. P-45 Conservative treatment of traumatic Extensor Carpi Ulnaris instability in a tennis player: case report. Br J Sp

...tion and ability to bear weight on the joint. In hip injury, as with other traumatic presentations, age distribution is bimodal with high-energy trauma in the y * Hip dislocation

...A, Lehtinen J, Mattila KT, Tuominen EK, Kauko T, et al. Treatment of non- traumatic rotator cuff tears: A randomised controlled trial with one-year clinical re ...An important function of deltoid is the prevention of subluxation or even dislocation of the head of the humerus, particularly when carrying a load, improving jo

...ww.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020138308002829 Epidemiology of traumatic spine fractures]. Injury. 2009 Feb 1;40(2):166-72.</ref> Minor trauma can a ...annulus fibrosis and anterior longitudinal ligament are intact: preventing dislocation or subluxation. A gap between the spinous processes is often present upon p

...(36%). The analysis of the onset of symptoms revealed that in 58% it was a traumatic non-contact onset, usually connected with a day living activity (45%) and w |Trauma (blunt impacts, traumatic patellar dislocation, polytraumatic injuries)

* Trauma: These include fracture or dislocation of zygomatic arch, hemarthrosis/hematoma, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) con ...of the [[TMJ Anatomy|TMJ]]. Computed tomography may be useful to identify traumatic etiologies including hematomas or facial and mandibular fractures when susp

...9 % on the un-injured foot). There are exceptions when there is an obvious dislocation / open fracture. When ankle fracture is ruled out, but there is no progress ...-26-14.pdf Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of a traumatic ankle injury.] Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: The Official Journa

...Rotation and Axillary View and Y View (less important). In the context of traumatic injuries or the unstable shoulder, x-rays allow the identification of any d * History of Trauma - Exclude Fracture and / or Dislocation / Subluxation;

* Dislocation * Traumatic

*** Capsular laxity causing instability (due to traumatic dislocation or overuse)

* Traumatic dislocation of the Glenohumeral Joint is the most common joint dislocation with an incidence of 8.2 to 23.9 per 100,000 per year <ref>Brownson, P., Do

...Spurling's Test|Spurling]] test, traumatic [[Shoulder Dislocation|shoulder dislocation]] or [[Shoulder Instability|instability]] within the past 3 months, reprodu

For centuries, this fracture was classified as a dislocation of the wrist, but this description remains obscure. In 1814, it was redefin This is an intra-articular fracture with subluxation or dislocation of the carpus bone.

...e fracture). The rotation pattern contains transverse process and fracture-dislocation.<ref name=":1">American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOP). http://orth ...n banding system and a disruption of the anterior column with a rotational dislocation.<ref name=":0" />

...in the absence of normal arthrokinematics will cause either impingement or dislocation<ref name=":1" />. More so, principles of osteokinematic and arthrokinematic ...han Standard Care Exercises in Patients With a Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.] Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 20

* Non-traumatic causes (16%) secondary to disease, infection and [[Congenital Spine Deform ...ame="Furlan et al.">Furlan, J.C. et al. Global incidence and prevalence of traumatic spinal cord injury. Can J Neurol Sci. 2013 Jul;40(4):456-64</ref>

* Any ankle fracture-dislocation ...e for symptom evaluation after ankle fracture. Archives of orthopaedic and traumatic surgery. 1984 Sep;103(3):190-4.</ref>

9. Over-training lead to a number of overuse and traumatic injuries. ...acteristic of sport, climbers frequently subject their bodies to recurrent traumatic forces, whether from throwing to succeed in holds (denoting and dead pointi

...d hand, by an unexpected force when pushing or pulling, or during shoulder dislocation. <br>Normal age-related muscle deterioration and excessive repetitive motio