Category:Outcome Measures
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Objective
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The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) is widely used in the evaluation of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis. It is a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 24 items divided into 3 subscales:
- Pain (5 items): during walking, using stairs, in bed, sitting or lying, and standing upright
- Stiffness (2 items): after first waking and later in the day
- Physical Function (17 items): using stairs, rising from sitting, standing, bending, walking, getting in / out of a car, shopping, putting on / taking off socks, rising from bed, lying in bed, getting in / out of bath, sitting, getting on / off toilet, heavy domestic duties, light domestic duties
WOMAC Index was developed in 1982 at Western Ontario and McMaster Universities. WOMAC is available in over 65 languages and has been linguistically validated.
Intended Population
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WOMAC Index was developed for Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis, however it has been used with other rheumatic conditions such as: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Fibromyalgia, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Low back pain.
Method of Use[edit | edit source]
The WOMAC takes approximately 12 minutes to complete, and can be taken on paper, over the telephone or computer. Both the computerized and the mobile versions of the test have been found to be comparable to the paper form, with no significant difference.
The test questions are scored on a scale of 0-4, which correspond to: None (0), Mild (1), Moderate (2), Severe (3), and Extreme (4).
The scores for each subscale are summed up, with a possible score range of 0-20 for Pain, 0-8 for Stiffness, and 0-68 for Physical Function. Usually a sum of the scores for all three subscales gives a total WOMAC score, however there are other methods that have been used to combine scores.
Higher scores on the WOMAC indicate worse pain, stiffness, and functional limitations.
Reference
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Evidence[edit | edit source]
Reliability[edit | edit source]
The test-retest reliability of the WOMAC varies for the different subscales. The pain subscale has not been consistent across studies, but it generally meets the minimum standard. The physical function subscale is more consistent, and has a stronger test-retest reliability. The stiffness subscale has shown low test-retest reliability.
Validity[edit | edit source]
Responsiveness[edit | edit source]
The WOMAC Index has been used extensively in clinical trials, and has generally been shown to exhibit greater or comparable responsiveness to change than other tests. This varies, however, for different subscales and types of interventions.
Miscellaneous
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Two potential weaknesses of the WOMAC are:
1. the stiffness subscale has low test-retest reliability, and there is little evidence for its measurement properties.
2. Some studies report inadequate factorial validity in the pain and physical function subscales of the WOMAC. Thus, the physical function subscale might be limited in its ability to detect change if the association between pain and function is weak.
Links[edit | edit source]
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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Subcategories
This category has the following 21 subcategories, out of 21 total.
A
- Ankle - Outcome Measures (8 P)
C
E
- Elbow - Outcome Measures (3 P)
F
- Foot - Outcome Measures (11 P)
H
- Hand - Outcome Measures (17 P)
- Head - Outcome Measures (14 P)
- Hip - Outcome Measures (10 P)
K
- Knee - Outcome Measures (7 P)
L
- Lumbar Spine - Outcome Measures (16 P)
M
- Mental Health - Outcome Measures (15 P)
N
- Neurological - Outcome Measures (60 P)
P
- Paediatrics - Outcome Measures (32 P)
- Pelvis - Outcome Measures (4 P)
S
- Shoulder - Outcome Measures (6 P)
- Stroke - Outcome Measures (23 P)
T
W
- Wrist - Outcome Measures (5 P)
Pages in category "Outcome Measures"
The following 200 pages are in this category, out of 249 total.
(previous page) (next page)A
- Abbey Pain Scale
- ABILHAND Assessment
- Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score
- Action Research Arm Test (ARAT)
- Activities of Daily Living
- Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale
- American College of Rheumatology criteria for the fibromyalgia classification (1990)
- Amputee Mobility Predictor
- Arm Activity Measure
- Arthritis Hand Function Test (AHFT)
- Arthritis Impact Measure
B
- Back Pain Functional Scale
- Balance Error Scoring System
- Bangla Clubfoot Tool
- Barthel Index
- Bath Assessment of Walking Inventory
- Beighton score
- Berg Balance Scale
- Borg Rating Of Perceived Exertion
- Box and Block Test
- Brief Pain Inventory - Short Form
- Brigham and Women's Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire
- Brodie–Trendelenburg Test
- Burn Specific Health Scale -Brief (BSHS-B)
- Burns Scar Index (Vancouver Scar Scale)
C
- Catherine Bergego Scale
- Central Sensitisation Inventory
- Cerebral Palsy Outcome Measures
- Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment
- Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS)
- Clinical Frailty Scale
- Clinical Outcome Assessment
- Coma Recovery Scale (Revised)
- Community Balance and Mobility Scale
- Constant-Murley Shoulder Outcome Score
- Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS)
- Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale
- Coping Scales
- Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool
- Curl-ups
D
E
F
- Faces Pain Scale - Revised
- Falls Efficacy Scale - International (FES-I)
- Falls Risk Assessment Tool (FRAT)
- Fatigue Severity Scale
- Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire
- Feasibility of Applying a Simple Method to Quantify Clinical Experience: A Case Report
- Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ)
- Figure of 8 Walk Test
- Fitzgerald Test
- Foot and Ankle Ability Measure
- Foot and Ankle Assessment
- Foot and Ankle Disability Index
- Foot Function Index (FFI)
- Foot Posture Index (FP1-6)
- Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery after Stroke
- Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) Scale
- Functional Ambulation Category
- Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy
- Functional Assessment of HIV Infection (FAHI)
- Functional Gait Assessment
- Functional Independence Measure (FIM)
- Functional Index of Hand Osteoarthritis (FIHOA)
- Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
- Functional Reach Test (FRT)
G
H
I
K
L
M
- Male Urinary Symptom Impact Questionnaire (MUSIQ)
- Male Urogenital Distress Inventory (MUDI)
- Manchester–Oxford Foot Questionnaire
- Manual Assessment of Respiratory Motion (MARM)
- Manual Task Risk Assessment (ManTRA)
- Mayo Elbow Performance Index
- McGill Pain Questionnaire
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Dyspnoea Scale
- Mental Health Outcome Measures for Physiotherapists in Clinical Practice
- Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire
- Mini-Mental State Examination
- Moberg Pick-Up Test
- Modified Ashworth Scale
- Moss Attention Rating Scale
- Motor Assessment Scale
- Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC)
- Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire
- MYMOP - Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile
N
O
P
- Pain Catastrophizing Scale
- Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ)
- PainDETECT
- Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8)
- Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I)
- Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S)
- Patient Health Questionnaire
- Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)
- Patient Reported Outcome Measures for HIV
- Patient Specific Functional Scale
- Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health (PROMIS GH-10)
- Pediatric Balance Scale
- PedsQL
- Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI - 20)
- Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ - 7)
- Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ)
- Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) System
- Perme Intensive Care Unit Mobility Score
- Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE)
- Pirani Score
- Pirani Score Example
- Positive Outcomes HIV
- Post Concussion Syndrome Case Study: Following a Fall
- Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke
- Posture and Postural Ability Scale
- Premenstrual and Menstrual Symptoms Rating Scales
- Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale (PSP-RS)
- PRWE Score
- Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)
- Psychometric Properties