#REDIRECT [[Lumbar Spine Fracture]]
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#REDIRECT [[Manipulation of the Lumbar Spine]]
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#REDIRECT [[Overview of Lumbar Spine Assessment]]
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#REDIRECT [[Subjective Assessment of the Lumbar Spine]]
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#REDIRECT [[Diagnostic Imaging of the Lumbar Spine]]
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#REDIRECT [[Subjective Assessment of the Lumbar Spine]]
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*[[Lumbar Examination|Lumbar Examination]]
**Lumbar shear test
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...cal Anatomy|cervical]] spine, thoracic spine and [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] spine to the sacrum. It connects the front (anterior) of the vertebral body to th
[[Category:Cervical Spine]]
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...stalis Lumborum, fibers from the transverse and mamillary processes of the lumbar vertebrae and lumbrosacral aponeurosis<ref name="p2">http://www.wheele
Dorsal rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (T7 to L5) <ref name="p3">http://www.anatomyexpert.com/app/st
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[[File:Lumbar-disc-arthroplasty.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Lumbar-disc-arthroplasty]]
...Shue J, Girardi FP. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5435628/ Lumbar disc replacement surgery—successes and obstacles to widespread adoption].
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...of the spinous processes from the seventh cervical vertebra to 3rd or 4th lumbar vertebrae. From vertebra C7 to the skull ligament becomes structurally dist
The supraspinous ligament is well developed only in the upper lumbar region and may terminate at L3, although the most common termination site a
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...tion) and posterior to anterior compression is applied again to the lumbar spine while the trunk musculature is contracted.<ref name="Flynn et al" /><ref>Du
...examination to predict radiographic instability of the lumbar spine.] Eur Spine J. 2005;14(8):743–50.</ref>
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...muscles, which spinalis belong to, are the most powerful extensors of the spine.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
...tebral]] spine and inserted into the bones of the upper thoracic vertebral spine.
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...ction via palpation: reliability and validity of a new clinical test.] The Spine Journal. 2015 Jun 1;15(6):1196-202.</ref>
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
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Lumbar rotation can be preformed in a supine position (lying on your back) keeping
...f%20the%20superior%20vertebra%20rotating%20on%20the%20inferior%20vertebra. Lumbar Rotation]</ref>
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...ad failed a full range of conservative treatment options including: lumbar spine activity modification, physical therapy, epidural steroid injections, and o
On examination, she was found to have reduced range of motion of her lumbar spine, positive sciatic nerve stretch testing, and measurable weakness in her cal
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...[[Sacroiliac Joint|sacroiliac joint pain]]. There is a high prevalence of lumbar and lumbosacral pathologies combined with hip abductor tendon disorders.<re
...tps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40141-019-00231-w A Review of Hip-Spine Syndrome.] Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports. 2019 Sep 1
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...ch provide cushioning between the vertebrae and absorb pressure put on the spine. It is a nearly universal condition in those who reach advanced age, but it
...edicine.medscape.com/article/249036-overview Bydon M, De la Garza-Ramos R. Lumbar Spondylosis. Medscape. Updated 2020, August 4; Accessed 2023, July 12. Avai
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When testing the thoracic and lumbar spine strength a few differences are noted:
*The Grades 5 and 4 tests for spine extension are different for the [[lumbar]] and [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] spines. Beginning at Grade 3, the tests
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..., and physical tests in the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis.] European Spine Journal. 2020 Jan;29:93-112.</ref>
Patients with lumbar spinal stenosis will demonstrate earlier onset of symptoms during level amb
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...dysfunctions in the axial skeleton. The first two laws solely apply to the lumbar and thoracic spinal regions, but the third applies to the entire vertebral
*When the spine is in neutral, sidebending to one side will be accompanied by horizontal ro
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...ic test used to diagnose facet joint injury in the spine especially in the lumbar and cervical region.<br>
...y with the thumbs over the spinous or transverse processes of the thoracic spine on both sides. The clinician looks for pain or hypomobility /hypermobility
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Musculoskeletal conditions of the lumbar-pelvic region eg
...ddle DL. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10696151 The relationship of lumbar flexion to disability in patients with low back pain.] Physical therapy. 20
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...https://www.physioadvisor.com.au/health/anatomy/ligaments/ligaments-of-the-spine/ (accessed 29 March 2019).
...in the thoracic region, broader, thicker, and quadrilateral in form in the lumbar region, and only slightly developed in the neck. In the neck they are often
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...the [[Erector Spinae]]. It consists of 3 major subgroups: semispinalis, [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]] and [[Rotatores Muscles|rotatores]].
...pans the whole length of the vertebral column, it is most developed in the lumbar region. It originates from the transverse process and crosses between 2 and
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The [http://www.stopsbackpain.com.au Treatment of Problems of the Spine (STOPS)] trial to prove that high quality Physiotherapy is effective&n
*[[Lumbar Discogenic Pain]]
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...ailable: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/physical-examination-of-the-lumbar-spine/ (acessed 20.11.2022)</ref>
...ar Spine Available;https://learnmuscles.com/blog/2017/08/30/motions-lumbar-spine/ (accessed 21.11.2022)</ref>
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...f each vertebra. These muscles are vital for allowing free movement of the spine.[[Image:250px-Iliostalis.png|Iliocostalis lumborum bottom R, iliocostalis d
...|serratus posterior inferior]] muscle. Iliocostalis lumborum is the lower (lumbar) portion of that muscle.
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...nstability_A_Case_Report Addition of the anterior shear test in diagnosing lumbar segmental instability: a case report]. Orthopaedic Practice. 2018; 30: 26-2
...would indicate a positive sign for the Anterior Stability Test.<ref>Week 6 Lumbar Special Tests [Unpublished Lecture Notes]. DPT 611: Musculoskeletal Physica
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...e (used for the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]] or the [[Lumbar|lumbar spine]]).
...compressive force. This test is used in differentiation and diagnosis of a lumbar posterior [http://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php/Facet_Joint_Syndrome facet
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...les. It is essential for correct standing or sitting [[Lumbar Examination|lumbar posture]], [[Hip Anatomy|hip joint]], and during [[Walking - Muscles Used|w
...vertebrae. There are two psoas minors, if present, one on each side of the spine.
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...n that can be used for [[Neck Pain: Clinical Practice Guidelines|neck]], [[Lumbar Anatomy|back,]] or [[shoulder]] pain.<ref>Ghan GM, Babu VS. Immediate effec
* Manipulation of the spine (MTS)can also be defined as a form of manual therapy that is used in an eff
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[[File:Lumbar-plexus-and-its-branches.png|right|frameless|354x354px]]
[[File:Lumbar Plexus Gray.png|right|frameless|401x401px]]
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...hly referenced position statement on the use of segmental palpation of the spine.
...ill include diagnostic properties for visual alignment tests of the lumbar spine, pelvis, leg-lengths, etc. What should be used; what should be avoided; wha
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...en I, Ammendolia C, Verhagen A, Laslett M, et al. Physical examination for lumbar radiculopathy due to disc herniation in patients with low-back pain. Cochra
...en I, Ammendolia C, Verhagen A, Laslett M, et al. Physical examination for lumbar radiculopathy due to disc herniation in patients with low-back pain. Cochra
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...sive set of [[Muscle|muscles]], that run all the way along the back of the spine. They’re known collectively as the paraspinal muscles. The paraspinal mus
...raspinal muscles support the spine and power and stabilise movement of the spine.
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...open the [[Lumbar Vertebrae|intervertebral foramen]] to provide additional lumbar stability. <ref name=":0" />
[[Category:Lumbar Spine - Interventions]]
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...ts with Ankylosing Spondylitis]., 2012, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, SPINE vol 37, Number 19, pp E1189-E1196 (level of Evidence: 1B)</ref>.
...e measurements in erect and flexion positions indicates the outcome of the lumbar flexion <ref name="Rez" />.
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...ythm.][[File:Basics of lumbar spine.jpg|center|thumb|<ref>basics of lumbar spine. source: pixy.org.CCO public domain, No attribution required. Available fro
...on with the pelvis. '''It is the kinematic relationship between the lumbar spine and hip joints during sagittal plane movement.'''
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* Longissimus thoracis (lumbar part):Lumbar intermuscular aponeurosis, posterior sacroiliac ligament and medial part of
* Longissimus thoracis (lumbar part): L1-L5 accessory and transverse processes
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...ces the spine at end of [[Range of Motion|range of motion]] and leaves the spine prone to acute and chronic injuries.
...1 Lower Back Injury Prevention and Sensitization of Hip Hinge with Neutral Spine Using Wearable Sensors during Lifting Exercises.] Sensors. 2021 Aug 14;21(1
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...s. The Posterior Chain refers to the structures at the back of the leg and spine. The main muscles that make up the Posterior Chain are the [[Gastrocnemius|
...29;8(1):96-113.</ref> highlighted this as a way to exercise and improve [[lumbar]] strength.
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...ack pain who demonstrate short-term improvement with spinal manipulation.] Spine. 2002;27:2835-2843.</ref> study in developing a clinical prediction rule fo
...almer JA. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16676870 The use of a lumbar spine manipulation technique by physical therapists in patients who satisfy a cli
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...ge/pain response assessment in the management of symptomatic lumbar discs. Spine J. 2003 Mar-Apr;3(2):146-54. doi: 10.1016/s1529-9430(02)00565-x. PMID: 1458
...Kenzie Approach]]) for the treatment of derangement classifications of the spine.
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...fear of moving. There was tenderness and muscle spasm over the right lumbar area and pain on left sided intervertebral joint mobilisations L2-4.
...n also revealed impairments of poor strength or muscle coordination in the lumbar region and core.
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...ve the patient slump forward at the thoracic and [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] spine. If this position does not cause pain, have the patient flex the neck by pl
...ef name="Stankovic 1999">Stankovic R, Johnell O, Maly P, Willner S. Use of lumbar extension, slump test, physical and neurological examination in the evaluat
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...ral shift is often seen with an acute onset of back pain with or without [[Lumbar Radiculopathy|radicular]] symptoms. The shift can occur towards the side of
...enzie method. ''The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society'', ''8''(1), 134–141. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.20
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...|iliac crest]] and inserts on the transverse process of [[Lumbar Vertebrae|lumbar]] one through five and the lower part of the twelfth [[Ribs|rib.]] The QL m
...elfth [[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|thoracic nerve]] and the spinal rami of the lumbar [[Spinal Nerves|spinal nerves]].
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...lateral facet joints transfer loads and guide and constrain motions in the spine due to their geometry and mechanical function<ref>Nicolas V. Jaumard, Willi
...is rather flat in the cervical and thoracic regions and more convex in the lumbar region. The opposing inferior facet of the superior vertebra is concave and
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...has a uniform width over the bodies and discs, but in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] region the ligament is widest at the levels of the intervertebral discs w
...his is significant in understanding certain pathological conditions of the spine such as the typical location for a spinal disc herniation.
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=== Head & Cervical Spine ===
*[[Surgical & Post‐op Management of Cervical Spine Stenosis|Surgical & Post-op Management of Cervical Spinal Stenosis]]
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...McKenzie back exercises that based on lumbar extension, it aims to improve lumbar flexion and strengthen the [[Gluteal Muscles|gluteal]] and [[Abdominal Musc
Lumbar flexion exercises is an exercise technique that aims to correct posture, re
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The Bragard's sign (also: Braggard's test) is used to evaluate whether lumbar and/or ischiadic pain originates from lumbosacral radiculopathy (e.g. [[Dis
...2891-017-1549-6/figures/1 link]. Examples of further tests include for the lumbar region are
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Obliterate lumbar curve by flexing other hip and holding.
Flex hip with hand under [[lumbar]] area to check no pelvic movement occurs.
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...muscle group is a very deep layer of muscles located on either side of the spine.
# Semispinalis cervicis muscle - fascicles cover the cervical and thoracic [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]] muscles
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...er limb, psoas major.</ref>It is essential for correct standing or sitting lumbar posture, stability of the hip joint, and during walking and running<ref nam
...cent intervertebral discs. The deeper portion originates at the first four lumbar vertebrae.<ref name=":3" />
8 KB (1,218 words) - 23:54, 31 March 2024
...nature<ref>Nikolai Bogduk. Clinical and Radiological Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine 5th Edition.Churchill Livingstone: Elsevier. Feb 2012.</ref><ref name=":0"
...ion, the ligament has '''pretension,''' preventing it from buckling. '''At lumbar vertebra,''' this pretension is provided by the traction and tension forces
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Spinous processes of T11-[[Lumbar Vertebrae|L2]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Palastanga, N., & Soames, R.
...produce thoracic extension as well as lateral flexion and rotation of the spine<ref name=":0" />.
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...y combining the anterior rami of the L1 and L2 spinal nerves at the lumbar spine. Descending through the retroperitoneum, it divides into genital and femora
[[File:Lumbar Plexus Gray.png|none|thumb]]
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...which exercise? A randomized control trial of exercise for low back pain]. Spine 2002;27(24):2529-2602.</ref>. The McKenzie side glide test is an assessment
...6960/ McKenzie diagnosis and therapy in the evaluation and management of a lumbar disc derangement syndrome: A case study.] J Chiropr Med, 2013;''2''(2): 60
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[[File:Spine anatomy.jpg|thumb|Lumbosacral spine]]
Linked with particular occupations: (see also [[Biomechanics of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation]])
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.... Manual Therapy 2009;14 (1), 52–60.</ref>. In the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] this approach is now well established. In the management of non-specific
...nment of the lumbar spine have been noted in subjects with flexion-related lumbar pain<ref name=":1" />.
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...r load balance within the spine, pelvis, and kinetic chain. They spare the spine from excessive load and are essential for lad transfer between the upper an
...[Abdominal Muscles|Abdominals]]; thoracolumbar; lumbar and lateral thoraco-lumbar muscles
8 KB (1,180 words) - 06:33, 12 February 2022
...The Three-Phases Test differentiates between the involvement of the lumbar spine, the SI joint and the hip. The patient is again in prone position and the e
* Lumbar spine: Fixation of the vertebra Th12 in ventral-caudal position while extending t
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...with a proximal attachment on the sacrum and the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae.
# Between the posterior and middle layers of the thoracolumbar fascia in the lumbar regions <ref>Radiopedia Erector Spinae Available: https://radiopaedia.org/a
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| rowspan="4" |Cervical Spine
| rowspan="4" |Thoraco-Lumbar Spine
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* Superficial tenderness: Tenderness over a wide area of lumbar skin to light touch or pinch.
...the examiner presses downwards vertically on the patient’s head, eliciting lumbar pain.
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...ctions followed by mechanical diagnosis and therapy to prevent surgery for lumbar disc herniation. ''Pain Medicine'', ''15''(7), 1100-1108.</ref>. looked at
[[Category:Lumbar Spine - Interventions]]
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Lumbo pelvic stability (LPS) refers to controlling the motion of the lumbar spine and pelvis relative to an arbitrarily defined neutral position. <ref>Mills
...mpartment muscles such as the transversus abdominis are most important for lumbar stability. <ref>Lynders C. [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1007/s
7 KB (1,050 words) - 23:18, 20 January 2024
...unction, flexibility, range of motion and angle of the thoracic and lumbar spine.] ''Fisioterapia e Pesquisa'', ''23''(4), pp.394-401. Available from: htt
...d flags]], [[Spinal Masqueraders|spinal masqueraders]], suspected [[Lumbar Spine Fracture|spinal fracture]] be sure to liaise with appropriate medics and in
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...onnect the spine to the pelvis, facilitating load transfer from the lumbar spine to the lower extremities.
The majority of low back pain (LBP) is perceived to arise from the lumbar spine, but another likely source of LBP that is largely overlooked is the SIJ.
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...lynn.+Staying+out+of+trouble+in+pediatric+orthopaedics.+Examination+of+the+spine.+Philadelphia,+2006.+P20-21.+Level+of+evidence:+D&ots=d_mu8QW6Af&sig=6ixw9s
...r [[Leg Length Discrepancy|limb length discrepancy]]. The [[Lumbar Anatomy|spine]] needs to be visible. The patient bends forward at the waist until the bac
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[[File:Osteoarthritic Spine (48605563867).png|right|frameless|alt=|476x476px]]
...and intervertebral disc degeneration: Quite different, quite similar.] JOR spine. 2018 Dec;1(4):e1033.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PM
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...(osteoligamentous spine), and neural components is necessary to prevent [[Lumbar Instability|instability]].
[[File:Testing lumbar flexion.jpg|thumb|Lumbosacral flexion]]
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...m/Low_Back_Pain Low Back Pain] through interventions aimed at the thoracic spine and the hip joints.
...sp;be sure to perform [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Lumbar_Examination Lumbar Examination] as well as [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Hip_Examina
8 KB (1,132 words) - 12:03, 2 August 2021
...h of the fascicles, as well as region covered. The groups are rotatores, [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]], and semispinalis.
...age and studies have shown a minimal contribution of the rotatores towards spine movements. Instead functioning as important stabilizers of the vertebral co
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...elated to contraction, and leads to an increase in stress applied to the [[lumbar]] area.<ref>Fujitani R, Jiromaru T, Kida N, Nomura T. [https://www.research
...lumbar spine (longer thoracic kyphosis is observed) 3. apparently shorter lumbar lordosis 4. normal or slightly decreased anterior [[Pelvic Tilt|pelvic tilt
8 KB (1,044 words) - 14:03, 21 May 2020
...back pain with radiologic diagnosis of spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis. Spine. 1997 Dec 15;22(24):2959-67.</ref>.
...ship between double leg lowering test and core strength test of the lumbar spine in normal healthy individuals]. Journal of Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medi
6 KB (837 words) - 02:42, 4 January 2022
...of patients with recent onset low back pain or lumbar radiculopathy]. Eur Spine J 2018; 27: 60-75<br>
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
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...Back Muscles|back muscles]] in the lower [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and lumbar area before passing through these muscles to attach to the [[sacrum]]. Abov
..., [[spasticity]] and increased tone in the lower thoracic spine and lumbar spine / paraspinal regions causing severe [[Pain Behaviours|pain]]<nowiki/>s. <re
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==== Lumbar Spine ====
==== Cervical Spine ====
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!Spine
|[[Rectus Abdominis|Lumbar flexors]]
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...ary clinical reasoning skills to either clear the lumbar spine or diagnose lumbar pathology.
...J, Kahle K. Diagnostic pitfalls in spine surgery: masqueraders of surgical spine disease. Neurosurgical Focus. 2011;31(4).</ref> - so these too much be cons
15 KB (2,238 words) - 10:13, 11 January 2023
...and reporting in orthopaedic physical therapy: application to the cervical spine. ''journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy'', ''40''(8), 455-463.<
...e Cervical Spine|cervical]] or [[Manipulation of the Lumbar Spine|lumbar]] spine dry needling. The types of adverse responses can vary greatly from mild to
5 KB (641 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
...s for Lumbar Assessment course.<ref name=":5">Rainey N. Considerations for Lumbar Assessment Course. Plus, 2023.</ref> They come from the following articles:
...10.1186/1471-2474-8-90 Reliability of movement control tests in the lumbar spine.] BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2007 Dec;8(1):1-1.<ref name=":1" />
9 KB (1,343 words) - 23:18, 2 February 2023
[[File:Osteoprosis of Spine.jpg|thumb|Osteoprosis of Spine]]The effects of bone structure changes may bring about:
...have received at least one compression fracture.<ref>Lumbar Compression [[Lumbar Compression Fracture|Fracture]]</ref>See also [[Osteoporotic Vertebral Frac
6 KB (768 words) - 12:04, 19 December 2022
Not attached to the thoracic spine, but an important group of muscles in this region is the Intercostal Group
...mentum nuchae of the neck, to the spinous processes of C7 and the thoracic spine down to T12. It connects the shoulder blade with the vertebral column and a
9 KB (1,326 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
[[Image:Lumbar vertebra.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Lumbar Vertebrae]]
...ed Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine">Ombregt, L. Applied Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine. Chapter 31 In: A System of Orthopaedic Medicine. Elsevier, 2013.</ref>
12 KB (1,649 words) - 22:08, 19 June 2023
...t is anterior [[Pelvic Tilt|pelvic tilt]]. This alters the position of the spine resulting in a [[Low Back Pain Related to Hyperlordosis|hyperlordosis]], wh
...s Back|Cyclists]] may develop a [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphotic thoracic spine]].
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== Canine Spine ==
...uns from the base of the head to the end of the tail.<ref>Cuteness. Canine Spine Anatomy.(Accessed on 2021/03/06). Available from https://www.cuteness.com/a
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...ter|thumb|650x650px|Three types of osteophytes related to the degenerative spine: (a) traction osteophytes (arrow), (b) claw osteophytes (arrow) and (c) wra
* [[Lumbar Spinal Stenosis]]
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The [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus muscle]] is from the deep [[Back Muscles|muscles of t
...ngth of the vertebral column but is most developed in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar area]].<ref name=":0" /> The multifidus muscle is a local [[Core Muscles|co
11 KB (1,714 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...use consistent with guidelines? A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Spine Journal. 2018 Dec 1;18(12):2266-77.</ref>
...will cover the four diagnostic imaging modalities commonly used in lumbar spine disorders.
11 KB (1,596 words) - 18:35, 21 March 2024
...nerves Available: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/nerves-innervation-of-the-spine/<nowiki/>(accessed 6.2.2022)</ref>
...ical]] spinal nerve pairs, 12 [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] pairs , five [[lumbar]] pairs, five [[Sacrum|sacral]] pairs, and one coccygeal pair.<ref>Brain ma
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...acrospinous ligament]]<nowiki/>s. They help stabilise the lumbosacral spine on the [[pelvis]].<ref>A STUDY OF ITS ANATOMY. DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL SIG
...ac Joint|sacroiliac joint]] is located in the pelvis and helps to keep the spine stable.<ref>http://www.medic8.com/healthguide/sports-medicine/iliolumbar-li
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Following an [[Lumbar Assessment|assessment]] of back function, we formulated a treatment plan. T
=== Erector Spinae/Lumbar Multifidus ===
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*[[Lumbar Facet Joint injections]]
*[[Manual Therapy Techniques For The Lumbar Spine]]
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...tionship to age, sex, and race: an anatomic study of cadaveric specimens.] Spine. 2007;32(19):2058-62.</ref> Based on the data of previous studies, the risk
...lower back region. Patients with this syndrome can experience pain in the lumbar facet joint or joint capsule, which may spread down to the limb if the synd
14 KB (2,016 words) - 15:49, 30 September 2023
...ck, being anatomically able to control segmental movements of the cervical spine in concert with the [[Cervical Deep Neck Flexors|deep cervical flexors.]]<r
...mbar Multifidus|Multifidus]] - which acts as a segmental stabiliser as the spine moves. It is thought that the unique design of the multifidus endows it wit
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Spine AROM:
*Lumbar Flexion=45 deg
4 KB (654 words) - 19:43, 13 October 2019
...ecause of less frequent upper lumbar radioculopathies as compared to lower lumbar radiculopathies<ref name=":0">Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapy From Art
...sidered as an anterior corollary of SLR and assesses the mobility of upper lumbar nerve segments.
11 KB (1,605 words) - 12:04, 17 January 2022
==Spine==
...ass="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">[[Image:Sagittal section of the cervical spine Primal.png|200px|center]]<br>
21 KB (3,064 words) - 18:47, 14 June 2021
...of the extremities and SNAGS (sustained natural apophyseal glides) of the spine were first coined by Brian R. Mulligan <ref>Mulligan, BR: Manual Therapy �
...t if a headache stops with a manual technique involving the upper cervical spine then, this must be diagnostically significant as to the site of the lesion
10 KB (1,553 words) - 21:19, 17 October 2020
...crest, the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS). These landmarks are instrumental in physical examinations by allowi
This level corresponds to around L3-L4 [[Lumbar Vertebrae|lumbar vertebrae]]<ref name=":0" />.
4 KB (662 words) - 02:32, 7 November 2021
...464x464px|FABERs test. Attribution to "Dr. Donald Corenman, MD - Colroado Spine Doctor".]]
...al pain provocation test to assist in diagnosis of pathologies at the hip, lumbar and sacroiliac region. <ref name="martin et al">Martin RL, Sekiya JK. [http
10 KB (1,492 words) - 05:02, 25 March 2022
...k), 12 in the thoracic region (middle back), and 5 in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar region]] (lower back).
...at deal of strength. They also provide a shock-absorbing effect within the spine and prevent the vertebrae from grinding together. They consist of three maj
14 KB (2,100 words) - 02:18, 2 April 2024
...curl up exercise works on the endurance of the abdominals, important in [[Lumbar|back]] support and [[Core Stability|core stability]].<ref name=":5">Top end
...acts as a corset contributing to the inter-segmental control of the lumbar spine, rather than contributing in trunk flexion<ref name=":0" />.
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...m/index.php/Intervertebral_disc intervertebral disc] and [[Biomechanics of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation]]
Internal disc disruption is a subgroup of [[Lumbar Discogenic Pain|discogenic pain]].
11 KB (1,640 words) - 12:12, 1 December 2022
...ams for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized clinical trial. Spine. 2006;31:2541-2549.</ref><ref>Reiman MP, Weisbach PC, Glynn PE. The hips in
2. Interventions aimed at the lumbar spine have been used to treat:
7 KB (1,039 words) - 06:10, 22 March 2018
...chronic_low_back_pain Outcome measures in chronic low back pain.] European Spine Journal. 2010 Sep 1;19(9):1484-94.</ref>
...chronic_low_back_pain Outcome measures in chronic low back pain.] European Spine Journal. 2010 Sep 1;19(9):1484-94.</ref>
7 KB (965 words) - 13:07, 13 September 2021
...:e0222822.</ref> However, it is often difficult to distinguish whether the spine or limb is the primary cause of lameness in a horse as spinal problems are
...ical assessment. This page will discuss assessments specific to the equine spine that are not discussed in detail in the [[Objective Assessment of the Equin
17 KB (2,705 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
...of the C7 vertebra. This muscle extends and laterally flexes the thoracic spine and is innervated by the lateral branches of the posterior primary division
...teral flexion of the spine, while when acting bilaterally, they extend the spine.
5 KB (736 words) - 02:32, 6 February 2022
The [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] supports much of the upper body's weight. [[Intervertebral disc|Intervert
...tebral column. This article discusses the key anatomical structures of the lumbar vertebrae and abdominal wall, including the bony structures, articulations,
27 KB (3,999 words) - 02:49, 28 August 2023
# Back posture on the bicycle can strain the lower back (lumbar spine flexed) so a long time in the saddle can take its toll on the back.
...cient length of hamstrings, causing pulling on the pelvis and rotating the spine into flexion.<ref name=":0" />
11 KB (1,745 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...n the superior [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine and the inferior lumbar spine. It consists of 12 vertebrae that are distinct in shape and function from v
...tched on their superior and inferior surfaces, in the articulated thoracic spine, these notches form the intervertebral foramina for the passage of the thor
13 KB (1,793 words) - 12:44, 27 May 2023
...with increasing lordosis and with hyperlordosis. The pull of muscle on the lumbar vertebrae also creates an increasing shear strength on the vertebrae.<ref>T
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...nt to learn the principles of proper body mechanics<ref name=":0">Colorado spine inst. [https://www.coloradospineinstitute.com/education/wellness/body-mecha
* Proper body mechanics are vitally important for keeping your spine healthy, it's easy to incorporate these principles into daily life.
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...he back. Unilaterally they assist with lateral bending and rotation of the spine<ref name=":0" />.
# [[Lumbar Multifidus|Multifidus]]
8 KB (1,054 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...d to design a variety of diagnostic and treatment procedures for chronic [[Lumbar Discogenic Pain|discogenic pain]] <ref name=":0">Shayota B, Wong TL, Fru D,
...nsory Nerve Fibers and Endings in Lumbar Intervertebral Discs of the Rat]. Spine.1991;16:653-655.</ref>, and into the nucleus pulposus in another <ref>Peng
4 KB (560 words) - 00:40, 23 October 2020
...Joints|Facet]] arthrosis is a painful [[arthritis]]-like condition of the spine caused by degeneration of the joints between the spinal bones.
...ertebrae posteriorly and and help with twisting and turning motions of the spine. <ref name=":0">Brennan D. Facet arthrosis: What is it and what causes it?
13 KB (1,863 words) - 17:10, 19 May 2022
...ty, shock absorption, and load distribution properties in a healthy lumbar spine.<ref name=":0">Vital, J., & Cawley, D. Spinal Anatomy Modern Concepts; Spri
...sults in reduction of stability and increased load bearing for the healthy lumbar arch to maintain.
15 KB (2,069 words) - 12:35, 2 August 2021
...et al 2016). Cricketers mainly sustain non-contact injuries to the lumbar spine (1.1 - 3.4 injuries per squad per season) and the lower limb (0.3 - 5.9 inj
* Lumbar spine extension
5 KB (725 words) - 18:21, 7 December 2023
...thoracolumbar fascia]] latissimus dorsi attaches to the [[Lumbar Vertebrae|lumbar]] and sacral spinous processes (T6 to S5 levels), and the [[supraspinous li
...Currently, the evidence is mixed on how much influence this muscle has on spine extension, lateral flexion, or rotation<ref name=":4" />.
11 KB (1,607 words) - 10:02, 2 April 2024
...ed primarily for the diagnosis and differentiation of facet syndrome and [[Lumbar Radiculopathy|radicular pain syndrome]], and are one of the spinal interven
== Lumbar Facet Joints ==
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...ngenital Spine Deformities|structural deformity]], inflammatory disorder, [[Lumbar Radiculopathy|radicular syndrome]], or [[Cauda Equina Syndrome|cauda equina
...ychosocial predictors of outcome in acute and subchronic low back trouble. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995 Mar 15;20(6):722-8.Level of evidence 3C</ref>
16 KB (2,340 words) - 21:56, 28 October 2023
...evaluate.<ref name=":1">Berry JA, Elia C, Saini HS, Miulli DE. A review of lumbar radiculopathy, diagnosis, and treatment. ''Cureus'', 2019;''11''(10):e5934.
...and quality of life versus routine physical therapy alone in patients with lumbar radiculopathy; a randomized controlled trial]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 20
16 KB (2,431 words) - 01:38, 27 February 2024
...reveals the movement comprises of : [[Hip Anatomy|Hip]] Extension; [[Lumbar]] extension; and Posterior [[Pelvic Tilt|Pelvic tilt.]]
...racolumbar fascia, so its activation increases the stiffness of the lumbar spine. It should be noted that, rectus abdominis muscle activity increase on the
7 KB (1,005 words) - 09:52, 22 November 2022
...t commonly imaged areas are he hip (head of the femur), lower back (lumbar spine) or heel (calcaneum), One peak is absorbed by soft tissue and the other by
* an X-ray of your spine showing a break or bone loss in your spine
5 KB (776 words) - 09:46, 6 August 2022
...ft tissues where adjacent spinous processes in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] rub against each other.<ref name=":4">Radiopedia. Basstrup Syndrome. Avai
...Baastrup's disease as a cause of neurogenic claudication: a case report]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003 Jul 15;28(14):E273-5.</ref>
15 KB (2,086 words) - 19:53, 26 February 2024
...181189&ei=GZ2uY_yfMYa8yATUzZGgCg&scisig=AAGBfm03lVzUHVhRGS8YC8pG4Qkj11Oclg Lumbar interbody fusion] : techniques , indications and comparison of interbody
...ce after discectomy<ref name=":1" /> and successful union of two or more [[Lumbar Vertebrae|vertebra]]<ref name=":0" />.
17 KB (2,420 words) - 11:56, 24 April 2024
Treating the lumbar spine can be complex. It can be difficult to know when to apply the techniques yo
..."words are very powerful"<ref name=":3">Rainey, N. Treatment of the Lumbar Spine Course. Physiopedia Plus. 2023</ref>
14 KB (2,115 words) - 10:48, 9 March 2023
[[File:SPINE ANATOMY.jpg|thumb]]
...sms<ref name=":2">Beazell, J. R., Mullins, M., & Grindstaff, T. L. (2010). Lumbar instability: An evolving and challenging concept. ''The Journal of Manual &
13 KB (1,940 words) - 16:55, 2 February 2024
[[File:Lumbar spondylosis2.JPG|right|frameless|400x400px]]
...95/ Surgery for degenerative lumbar spondylosis: updated Cochrane Review]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30(20):2312-20. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000182315.88558.
20 KB (2,783 words) - 18:33, 21 March 2024
...extends downwards from the [[brainstem]] through the central column of the spine. It is a relatively small bundle of tissue (weighing 35g and just about 1cm
...f the first lumbar vertebra. It is enlarged at two sites, the cervical and lumbar region.
12 KB (1,785 words) - 18:31, 17 January 2023
...uation of forward head posture in sitting and standing positions. European spine journal. 2016 Nov;25(11):3577-82.</ref>
[[Category:Cervical Spine]]
5 KB (743 words) - 10:28, 2 November 2021
..., Kavishwar RA, Shetty AP, Shanmuganathan R. Spondylolysis of the Thoracic Spine with Instability: A Rare Cause for Myelopathy. JBJS Case Connector. 2022 Ja
...le:Lumbar vertebra.png|alt=Anatomy of a Lumbar Vertebra|thumb|Anatomy of a Lumbar Vertebra|none|400x400px]]
14 KB (1,923 words) - 13:19, 30 June 2023
...Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. Spine 2000;25(24):3115-24</ref>
...y) to 24 (max. disability) depending on the questionnaire used. <ref name="Spine" /> Roland and Morris omitted describing the various levels of disability (
7 KB (1,094 words) - 11:03, 29 November 2022
* The sacrum is made of five fused [[Lumbar Vertebrae|vertebrae]] configured as an inverted triangular bone that is con
* Though the spinal cord ends in the lumbar region (L1-L2), the dura mater extends to S2.
6 KB (933 words) - 10:55, 24 May 2022
* Neurological cases, [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] and [[Cervical Examination|cervical]] [[radiculopathy]], the test is asso
...l examination and patient self-report measures for cervical radiculopathy. Spine. 2003 Jan 1;28(1):52-62.</ref>.
7 KB (981 words) - 10:49, 24 May 2022
...sses<ref name=":3">Spine Health Spinal Manipulation Available: https://www.spine-health.com/glossary/spinal-manipulation (accessed 13.6.2021)</ref>.
...back pain who demonstrate short-term improvement with spinal manipulation. Spine. 2002;27(24):2835-2843.</ref>Criteria included in the five factor predictor
15 KB (2,155 words) - 12:31, 17 October 2023
...J, Kahle K. Diagnostic pitfalls in spine surgery: masqueraders of surgical spine disease. Neurosurgical Focus. 2011;31(4).</ref>. Although the percentage of
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
4 KB (599 words) - 11:30, 28 August 2023
..., has also been described, as the phenomenon of pain (originating from the spine) spreading distally into the limb. <ref name=":1" />
...agnosis, prognosis, and treatment of diskogenic low back pain.] Joint Bone Spine 2007; 74:319-323.</ref> Because these differences make the comparison of st
13 KB (1,757 words) - 08:56, 29 April 2022
...reased flexion of the hips, and a compensatory hyperlordosis in the lumbar spine.
...changes such as: anterior pelvic tilt, increased lumbar lordosis, lateral lumbar shift, external rotation of hip and knee hyperextension. It also can lead t
16 KB (2,431 words) - 16:46, 15 December 2022
...patient and places his thumbs directly under each posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS).<ref name="p2" />
...tarting with flexing the neck, then the upper thoracic spine to the lumbar spine, and as far as possible while keeping the knees extended. The therapist wil
8 KB (1,150 words) - 00:19, 14 March 2021
Many [[Lumbar Anatomy|lower back]] injuries come about as a result of poor lifting techni
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
4 KB (595 words) - 06:59, 24 April 2022
...n<ref>E spine Exercise and Fitness to Help Your Back Available:https://www.spine-health.com/wellness/exercise/exercise-and-fitness-help-your-back (accessed
...-Yde C. Association between back pain and physical fitness in adolescents. Spine. 2006 Jul 1;31(15):1740-4.Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/168167
17 KB (2,555 words) - 17:10, 8 January 2024
[[File:SPINE ANATOMY.jpg|right|frameless|300x300px]]
...me=":2">IC Lumbar Instability Available:https://www.institutoclavel.com/en/lumbar-instability (accessed 16.6.2021)</ref>
21 KB (3,141 words) - 18:31, 12 April 2023
[[File:Lumbar aponeurosis.jpeg|right|frameless|399x399px]]
Image 1: Lumbar aponeurosis
9 KB (1,298 words) - 16:06, 23 February 2024
This page supports the Plus course, Classification of Lumbar Spine Impairments, by Dr. Shala Cunningham. It discusses an updated classificatio
* Exercises for spine mobility
17 KB (2,358 words) - 16:46, 4 March 2024
...dure that removes a portion of a vertebra called the lamina. It is a major spine operation with residual scar tissue and may result in post-laminectomy synd
...for bilateral decompression and open laminectomy. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine. 2014 Aug 1;21(2):179-86.</ref><ref>Estefan M, GO CW. Laminectomy.</ref>
13 KB (1,759 words) - 14:43, 29 June 2023
...erenced position statement on the use of segmental palpation of the lumbar spine.
...tains to the reliability of the manual segmental examination of the lumbar spine and how it plays into the management of patients with low back pain.<br>
19 KB (2,812 words) - 15:27, 6 June 2017
...ure (FHP), defined as the forward displacement of the head on the cervical spine, has been commonly associated with neck pain.<ref>Ghamkhar L, Kahlaee AH. [
* Stiff upper thoracic spine or rounded upper spine causing cervical spine to hyperextend to see ahead.
8 KB (1,232 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
[[File:Lumbar joints image.png|thumb|There are three joints between lumbar vertebrae two facet joints (zygapophyseal joints), one at either side and a
...eatures and have very similar function. All stress fractures in the lumbar spine occur at either L3 (12% of stress fractures), L4 (35% of stress fractures)
22 KB (3,229 words) - 10:18, 21 March 2024
...lt in pain and weakness in the forearm. Similarly, an impingement in the [[lumbar]] region can be manifested with symptoms in the foot.
...athy%20is%20one%20of,process%20within%20the%20spinal%20column. A review of lumbar radiculopathy, diagnosis, and treatment]. Cureus. 2019 Oct;11(10).</ref>.
16 KB (2,204 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
* Lumbar spine flexion: Bilateral hands to mid-shin, pain with returning to standing,
* Lumbar spine extension: Increased pain, reduced range of motion
7 KB (1,030 words) - 16:57, 1 February 2021
...ed on Clinical Practice Guidelines for Patients with Acute Low Back Pain.] SPINE. 28 (13) 1363-1372. </ref> compared the treatment based classification (TBC
Hicks et al's <ref name="Hicks" /> lumbar stabilization rule contains two groups: a “Success” group and an “Imp
14 KB (2,004 words) - 11:52, 20 May 2021
...he ULTT's are equivalent to the straight leg raise designed for the lumbar spine.
...d. To further sensitise the upper limb tests, side flexion of the cervical spine can be added<ref>Wells P. Cervical dysfunction and shoulder problems. Physi
13 KB (1,862 words) - 19:12, 8 March 2024
...279-5#Sec7 Low back pain: critical assessment of various scales.] European Spine Journal. 2020 Mar;29:503-18.</ref>.
...ex. Part 1: cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity. European spine journal. 2006 Feb;15:55-65.</ref>.
8 KB (1,122 words) - 22:13, 30 July 2023
...ower back (where most back pain occurs) includes the five vertebrae in the lumbar region and supports much of the weight of the upper body. The spaces betwee
...Futterman B. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459278/ Anatomy, back, lumbar vertebrae.] InStatPearls [Internet] 2018 Dec 13. StatPearls Publishing. Ava
23 KB (3,511 words) - 09:38, 12 January 2022
...ic [[arteries]], superficial and deep circumflex iliac arteries, posterior lumbar arteries.
...iopedia&utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=ongoing_internal low back pain] and lumbar instability<ref name=":0">Lynders C. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.
7 KB (1,009 words) - 15:39, 21 March 2023
...Spine 2006;31(9):254–262.</ref><ref name="bron 2">McKenzie R., The lumbar spine: Mechanical diagnosis and therapy. Wellington: Spinal publications New-Zeal
...ine.org/article/S0161-4754(03)00104-0/fulltext Reliability of detection of lumbar lateral shift]''[https://www.jmptonline.org/article/S0161-4754(03)00104-0/f
19 KB (2,785 words) - 19:07, 4 July 2023
| Spine <br>
...s R.Spine surgeon and musculoskeletal oncologist.http://www.rexmarcomd.com/spine-osteotomy/</ref> ===
8 KB (1,280 words) - 18:35, 17 October 2020
...approximately 3-5% of the population. Males are more likely to experience lumbar radiculopathy when they are in their 40s, and females are more likely to ex
...neural foramen, bony growth or disc degeneration).<ref name=":6">Rainey N. Lumbar Radiculopathy Treatment Course. Plus, 2024.</ref>
24 KB (3,346 words) - 01:19, 3 April 2024
...place the back of the affected arm (dorsum of the hand) in the mid lumbar spine area. The testing movement involves the patient performing internal rotatio
...st was modified from the hand being placed in the region of the mid-lumbar spine, to the hand at the buttocks region. However when resistance was applied du
8 KB (1,229 words) - 16:51, 8 February 2021
...ore muscles]] and help keep the body stable and balanced, and protects the spine.
...ain. eg The abdominal muscles work together to control the movement of the spine, pelvis, and
15 KB (2,185 words) - 16:41, 11 April 2022
...n early fetal development and in turn cause structural problems within the spine and spinal cord. These deformities can range from mild to severe and may ca
...ngenital spinal deformities Available:https://khavkinclinic.com/congential-spine-deformities/ (accessed 10.10.2021)</ref>
17 KB (2,458 words) - 15:25, 9 January 2023
...f>WebMd. [https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/guide/spinal-stenosis#1 Cervical spine stenosis.] Available from: https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/guide/spinal-ste
...s most commonly in either the [[Lumbar|lumbar]] or cervical regions of the spine. Abnormalities that can lead to stenosis are twice as likely to be seen on
17 KB (2,296 words) - 17:40, 17 October 2020
...uloskeletal abnormalities and primary-chronic inflammation of the [[Lumbar|lumbar]] vertebrae and [[Sacroiliac Joint|Sacroiliac joint]] (SIJ).<ref>Gaens
...cal history and physical examination in diagnosing sacroiliac joint pain]. Spine. 1996 Nov 15;21(22):2594-602.</ref> The patient should hold the non-tested
12 KB (1,729 words) - 09:29, 31 December 2021
...ition with their hips and knees flexed to 90° and ensuring that the lumbar spine remains as neutral as possible.
2 KB (353 words) - 12:14, 30 April 2024
This guide gives a general overview of the anatomy of the thoracic spine. It also includes some facts regarding pathophysiology in this region.
The sagittal plane alignment of the Thoracic spine is on average 35% (normal range is 20° to 50°).<ref name=":2" />
20 KB (2,892 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
[[Category:Thoracic Spine]]
The [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] is an area of the spine that has, historically, been under-explored. It can, however, be a silent c
15 KB (2,158 words) - 16:17, 13 January 2023
...orted symptom severity and physical function in patients with degenerative lumbar conditions. Phys Ther. 2005 Feb;85(2):120-33. Evidence level: 2a grade of r
...led information on the anatomy of the [[Hip Anatomy|hip]], [[Lumbar|lumbar spine]] and [[Sacroiliac Joint]].
7 KB (1,082 words) - 20:55, 31 January 2021
...ction more readily than other joints, such as the knees, hips, or thoracic spine."<ref>Cholewicki J, Breen A, Popovich Jr JM, Reeves NP, Sahrmann SA, Van Di
...d back muscle activity during walking: changes in motor control]. European Spine Journal. 2006 Feb;15(1):23-40.</ref>
17 KB (2,490 words) - 04:54, 30 January 2023
The OWD may be abnormal in kyphosis (forward curvature of the upper thoracic spine) due<ref name=":1" />
* [[Congenital Spine Deformities|Congenital spinal deformity]]
7 KB (1,025 words) - 01:29, 27 January 2023
...osis is an external aid that is used to correct and support the spine. The spine is a complex anatomical structure and is key to our function. It is not pos
* Maintains alignment of spine
18 KB (2,546 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
Sciatica pain often is worsened with flexion of the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]], twisting, bending, or coughing<ref name=":6" />.
* [[Lumbar Discogenic Pain|Herniated or bulging lumbar intervertebral disc]]
16 KB (2,365 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
...com/articlelibrary/viewarticle/24813/<nowiki/>(accessed 28.5.2021)</ref> [[Lumbar]] strain accounts for 70% of mechanical low back pain.<ref name=":0">Will J
...-3-319-50512-1_91 Lumbosacral Muscle Strain 91. Musculoskeletal Sports and Spine Disorders: A Comprehensive Guide.] 2018 Feb 8:395.</ref><ref name=":3">DePa
15 KB (2,127 words) - 13:29, 9 April 2024
*upper thoracic spine mobility stretch
The spine is also a recognized site predisposed to injury in the elite swimmer, mainl
16 KB (2,203 words) - 13:54, 15 June 2023
...92x492px]]The importance of the core relate to its function ie sparing the spine from excessive load and transfer force from the lower body to the upper bod
...ct the back, ideally we want to create 360 degrees of stiffness around the spine as we move, run, jump, throw, lift objects and transfer force throughout ou
13 KB (1,943 words) - 09:44, 22 April 2022
...e [[Facet Joints|facet joints]] (also termed zygapophyseal joints) of the spine become a source of [[Pain Behaviours|pain]].
...P, Lefkowitz TR, Schweitzer M, Errico TJ, Spivak J, Bendo JA, Rybak L. The lumbar facet joint: a review of current knowledge: part 1: anatomy, biomechanics,
23 KB (3,369 words) - 08:28, 15 June 2021
...e transversus abdomini which increases the spine stiffness, increasing the spine stability.<ref>Selkow NM, Eck MR, Rivas S. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pm
...Stephanie D, Nicole L. John H. Hollman. Magnitudes of muscle activation of spine stabilizers in healthy adults during prone on elbow planking exercises with
8 KB (1,164 words) - 04:51, 1 April 2022
...f the posture causing lumbar lordosis. Anterior pelvic tilting strengthens lumbar lordosis whereas posterior pelvic tilting has the opposite effect. Posterio
...he patient with excessive lumbar lordosis, and the multifidus in decreased lumbar lordosis<ref name=":0" />.
13 KB (2,062 words) - 15:09, 13 March 2023
#Education about the anatomy and function of the spine, spinal biomechanics, physiopathology of frequent back disorders, epidemiol
...., Bombardier, C., Koes, B., 'Back schools for nonspecific low back pain', Spine, 2005, Vol. 30, nr. 19, p. 2153-2163 (Level of evidence 1A)</ref>
9 KB (1,300 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...nly related symptoms are back pain, [[Kyphosis|kyphotic]] deformity of the spine, lower limb weakness, and [[paraplegia]]. <ref name=":0">Radiopedia Tu
Tuberculous spondylitis is one of the more common infections of spine in countries where TB is prevalent. Unfortunately, the incidence of Pott Di
15 KB (2,060 words) - 06:45, 27 July 2023
...generation and low back pain in a large-scale population-based cohort. The Spine Journal. 2016 Jan 1;16(1):32-41.</ref> Their presence in clients receiving
...ndependent risk factor for episodes of severe and disabling low back pain. Spine. 2015 Aug 1;40(15):1187-93.</ref>
11 KB (1,638 words) - 02:45, 15 October 2019
...utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=ongoing_internal Radicular pain from Lumbar spine origin]
...ask due to the ''complicated anatomy of the Sacroiliac joint'', the Lumbar spine and the buttock area. The diagnosis is even challenged more by the ''incons
21 KB (2,879 words) - 21:16, 30 October 2022
...ines for the Management of Acute Low Back Pain in Primary Care. . European spine journal. 2006 Mar;15(Suppl 2):s169.
...low back pain]. Airaksinen O, Brox JI, Cedraschi C et al (2006) Eur Spine J 15(2):S192–S300: Europe, COST B13 Working Group on Guidelines for the M
10 KB (1,336 words) - 03:10, 18 April 2020
...lumbosacral position sense in individuals with and without low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Apr 15;25(8):989-94.</ref>
...stabilizing.<ref name="Bogduk N.">BOGDUK N. clinical anatomy of the lumbar spine and sacrum. Edinburgh: Churchill livingstone. 1997.</ref>Together with the
14 KB (2,166 words) - 00:34, 13 October 2019
* Lordosis of the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]] inhibits laryngeal elevation and affects swallowing<ref>Sato K, Chitose S
* Sequelae of spine [[osteomyelitis]]
18 KB (2,563 words) - 20:05, 9 January 2024
...asurements as risk indicators for low-back trouble over a one-year period. Spine. 1984;9:106–119.</ref> is "measuring how many seconds the subject is able
...sing the sorensen test: a critical appraisal of the literature. Joint Bone Spine. 2006;73(1): 43-50.</ref> shows that maintaining the Biering–Sorenson pos
7 KB (984 words) - 09:17, 30 January 2022
*[[Degenerative Disc Disease|Intervertebral Disk Disease (Lumbar Spine)]]
*[[Facet Joint Syndrome|Facet Joint Syndrome (Lumbar Spine)]]
9 KB (1,198 words) - 12:40, 27 October 2022
...yx [[fracture]] is a break in the tailbone. This is the lowest part of the spine. A fractured coccyx can be a very [[Pain Mechanisms|painful]] acute or chro
...that stretch the ligaments and strengthen the muscles supporting the lower spine.
9 KB (1,281 words) - 10:15, 20 May 2022
...lude:<ref name=":0">Bell-Jenje T. Assessment and Treatment of the Thoracic Spine Course. Plus , 2021.</ref>
...f conditions that can [[Clinical Reasoning and Pathologies of the Thoracic Spine|masquerade]] as musculoskeletal thoracic pain
15 KB (2,131 words) - 11:47, 28 March 2024
...balance dysfunction, as the diaphragm has an important role in maintaining lumbar spinal stability. This task is accomplished through increased intra-abdomin
...abdominal muscles creates a rigid cylinder which decreases the load on the spine.<ref name=":4" />
16 KB (2,238 words) - 12:19, 22 November 2023
...e of Hippocrates, for the relief of pain.<ref name="Saunders">Saunders HD. Lumbar traction*. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1979; 1(1): 36-45. (LEVEL 1A)</ref>
... </ref><ref>Harte AA, Baxter GD, Gracey JH. The effectiveness of motorised lumbar traction in the management of LBP with lumbo sacral nerve root involvement:
26 KB (4,004 words) - 11:31, 5 January 2024
# Increased lumbar lordosis and
...ce.<ref name=":0">Been, Ella, and Leonid Kalichman. "Lumbar lordosis." The Spine Journal 2014; 14.1: 87-97.</ref> [See [[Cardinal Planes and Axes of Movemen
25 KB (3,795 words) - 16:49, 10 August 2022
Briefly, lumbar spinal stenosis is characterised by compression of neural tissue either at
...s generally due to natural degenerative changes . Rarely cancer around the spine can be the cause of spinal stenosis.
27 KB (3,843 words) - 08:31, 28 March 2024
...t of patients with recent onset low back pain or lumbar radiculopathy. Eur Spine J 2018; 27: 60-75.</ref><ref>Van Wambeke P, Desomer A, Ailliet L, et al. Su
...back pain with movement coordination impairments and in patients post lumbar microdiscectomy.
16 KB (2,370 words) - 11:46, 28 August 2023
...Clinical Center. http://www.umm.edu/programs/spine/health/guides/cervical-spine-anatomy. Accessed 21 april 2017.</ref><ref name="Gray">Gray H. Gray's Anato
...ar regions of the spine. Unlike the other parts of the spine, the cervical spine has transverse foramina in each vertebra for the vertebral arteries that su
15 KB (2,243 words) - 10:15, 24 January 2022
* '''Mobility''' of the cervical spine.
...ive strain. Prolonged sitting posture affects the natural curvature of the spine, while also increasing the pressure on vertebral discs, ligaments, and musc
10 KB (1,410 words) - 14:36, 29 January 2024
...e="magee">David J. Magee;Orthopaedic Physical Assessment; Chapter 9-Lumbar Spine;Fifth Edition: Pg 558-564.</ref><ref name="Dutton">Dutton, M. (2008). Ortho
...ters MW, Boyd BS. Reliability of the straight leg raise test for suspected lumbar radicular pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Musculoskeletal sci
15 KB (2,227 words) - 22:08, 21 March 2023
...umatic pneumorrhachis: etiology, pathomechanism, diagnosis, and treatment. Spine J. 2011 Feb;11(2):153-7. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.12.010. PMID: 21296300.
...its and a few cases are as a result of stab injuries to the lower cervical spine.<ref>Traumatic pneumorrhachis: 2 cases and review of the literature Hasan K
12 KB (1,525 words) - 11:12, 5 May 2023
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
3 KB (524 words) - 15:19, 20 January 2023
...e management of acute nonspecific low back pain in primary care.] European spine journal. 2006 Mar;15(Suppl 2):s169.</ref> Serious conditions account for 1-
...ify the disc, SIJ or facet joint as the source of low back pain.] European Spine Journal. 2007 Oct 1;16(10):1539-50.</ref>
25 KB (3,634 words) - 23:31, 18 December 2023
...g characteristics<ref name=":2">Spinal anatomy and backpain. P.F. Ullrich. Spine-health, trusted information for backpain</ref>:
...nal column, the more weight it must bear. The five vertebrae of the lumbar spine (L1-L5) are the biggest unfused vertebrae in the spinal column, enabling th
27 KB (4,053 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...thopaedic Practice. 2006;18(3):6.</ref> Patients with [[Lumbar Instability|lumbar instability]] show loss of spinal motion segment stiffness in with normal e
....<ref>Studnicka K, Ampat G. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562179/ Lumbar Stabilization]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2020.</ref>
33 KB (5,055 words) - 12:01, 24 April 2024
[[File:Lumbar Plexus Gray.png|thumb|265x265px]]
The ilioinguinal nerve is a mixed nerve that originates from the lumbar plexus. It emerges near the outer edge of the psoas major muscle and travel
8 KB (1,162 words) - 06:19, 26 April 2024
*Nil impairment in motor control of the lumbar spine musculature during sit to stand transitions or ascending/descending stairs.
...sents with subacute back pain with motor control impairments in the lumbar spine, within an overall background of recurrence. It can be reasoned that the di
11 KB (1,649 words) - 11:20, 18 August 2022
Fractures of [[Lumbar Vertebrae|lumbar vertebrae]] occur in the setting of either severe trauma or pathologic weak
* [[Osteoporosis]] is the underlying cause of many lumbar fractures, especially in postmenopausal women.
26 KB (3,747 words) - 17:01, 17 January 2023
...st described his concept of mobilisations and [[Manipulation of the Lumbar Spine|manipulations]] in 1965<ref>Banks, K. Geoffrey D. Maitland, 1924–2010, Ph
This can be applied both to the spine and to the extremities, with the goal of reducing [[Pain Behaviours|pain]]
20 KB (2,903 words) - 10:28, 13 April 2022
...[[Cervical Spondylosis|spondylosis]] (degenerative changes in the cervical spine) but can also be the result of traumatic (fractures and instability) and in
...w KD. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272453 Prevalence of cervical spine stenosis: anatomic study in cadavers]. JBJS. 2007 Feb 1;89(2):376-80.</ref>
15 KB (2,175 words) - 11:37, 15 November 2023
...ted to the particular orientation, structure, and function of the thoracic spine in the vertebral column.
...weight of the of the axial skeleton as compared to the thoracic and sacral spine.
18 KB (2,502 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...] and efficient use of the [[Muscle|muscles]] that control and support the spine. The therapist guides the client to practice normal use of the muscles duri
...n and disability in chronic and recurrent low back pain: a meta-analysis]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013; 38(6): E350-8</ref>. A 2016 systematic review evalua
41 KB (6,130 words) - 20:41, 20 January 2024
...ve forward lean with upper body and shoulders. Lumbar spine looses neutral spine position and excessively flexes for extends - Potential Dysfunction, hip mo
5 KB (680 words) - 02:02, 20 February 2022
...sciatica, sciatic neuritis, or lumbosacral radiculitis, such as protruded lumbar intervertebral disk<ref>ARIEFF AJ, TIGAY EL, KURTZ JF, LARMON WA. [https://
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
9 KB (1,267 words) - 13:30, 4 February 2024
*[[Congenital Spine Deformities]]
*[[Lumbar Examination]]
11 KB (1,341 words) - 18:21, 7 December 2023
...ed on clinical practice guidelines for patients with acute low back pain]. Spine. 2003;28:1363-1372. (Level of evidence 1B)</ref>
* [[Lumbar Traction|traction]]
19 KB (2,586 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
[[File:Sagittal section of the lumbar spine Primal.png|thumb|258x258px]]
...icle/10.1186/1471-2474-14-206 Accuracy of physical examination for chronic lumbar radiculopathy]. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2013 Dec 1;14(1):206.</ref>
28 KB (4,188 words) - 11:24, 28 August 2023
...1;12(2):e053999.</ref>[[File:C-spine-picture.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Cervical spine]]
== Cervical Spine Structure ==
35 KB (4,842 words) - 10:49, 1 September 2023
...exercise program without limitations from pain or lack of stability in his spine. Pt inquired about the possible effects of his Crohn’s Disease in correla
...increased thoracic kyphosis, forward head, protracted shoulders, increased lumbar lordosis as well as anterior pelvic tilt.
17 KB (2,454 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...nal column to the pelvis. The sacrum articulates superiorly with the fifth lumbar vertebra and inferiorly with the coccyx. The lateral surface of the upper p
...fficiency Fractures: Recognition and Treatment in Patients with Concurrent Lumbar Vertebral Compression Fractures. Muacevic A, Adler JR, eds. ''Cureus''. 20
11 KB (1,507 words) - 22:14, 13 June 2020
...(e.g., C3, C4), and many, but not all, intermingle in a plexus (brachial, lumbar, or lumbosacral) to form different peripheral nerves as discussed above. Th
...rresponding dermatomal area), 12 [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] nerves, 5 [[lumbar]] nerves and 5 [[Sacrum|sacral]] nerves. Each of these spinal nerves roots.
10 KB (1,421 words) - 16:31, 23 June 2023
# [[Cervical Anatomy|Cervical spine]] - extension and side flexion show the greatest reduction in ROM.
...t factors on lumbar segmental range of motion using multivariate analysis. Spine 33:1793-1799, 2008</ref>.
10 KB (1,436 words) - 02:33, 14 August 2022
...etics, knee and hip flexion, [[gait]], posture, and [[balance]]. Increased lumbar lordosis due to an increased pelvic tilt can be associated with the risk of
High heels are also seen to increase lumbar lordosis. They raise the Center of Mass (CoM), decreasing postural stabilit
28 KB (4,432 words) - 13:04, 30 April 2023
...V.R. Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences (Second Edition). Brain and Spine Institute, Portland, OR, USA. 2014. </ref>.
...ifically after multiple complex surgeries or trauma to the spine. Multiple lumbar punctures, advanced stages of spinal stenosis and chronic degenerative disc
12 KB (1,738 words) - 13:15, 17 February 2023
...ulopathy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up. Spine. 2014; 39(18):1449-1457.</ref><ref name=":7">Zimney K, Louw A, Puentedura E
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
10 KB (1,437 words) - 16:11, 18 November 2023
...ref name="p2">Fukui S et al. Intradiscal Pulsed Radiofrequency for Chronic Lumbar Discogenic Low Back Pain: A One Year Prospective Outcome Study Using Discob
...ebral joints other than the intervertebral disc or other structures in the spine. A degenerated intervertebral disk can release nociceptive molecules and gr
26 KB (3,874 words) - 10:28, 13 April 2022
...a fairly rigid structure. This is why the ribcage remains elevated and the spine in flexion in many children with Cerebral Palsy. They have difficulty to ex
Erectors of the lumbar spine and rectus abdominus muscles are easy to recruit because they are superfici
19 KB (2,702 words) - 10:14, 2 November 2023
...es greatly, due to the different levels of severity of this condition. The spine and pelvis are commonly affected and among the long bones, the [[femur]] is
The [[Lumbar Spine Fracture|lumbar spine]], [[sacrum]], and skull are involved in most cases. Pain is a common featu
10 KB (1,436 words) - 06:04, 26 March 2023
...ues.<ref name=":0">Van der Walt A. Assessment and Management of the Equine Spine Presentation. Plus , 2021.</ref>
=== Neutral Spine ===
18 KB (2,911 words) - 11:31, 18 August 2022
* Always examine the spine (referred pain commonly goes undiagnosed)<ref name=":0" />
|Lumbar pain in tennis player
7 KB (908 words) - 14:39, 31 May 2020
...tps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1413355521000794 Your spine is so worn out’–the influence of clinical diagnosis on beliefs in patie
* '''[[An Introduction to Clearing the Lumbar Spine|Clear the spine]] for distal complaints'''
13 KB (2,006 words) - 15:00, 15 December 2022
...terior trigger points referring strong pain in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] and ends at the [[Ankle and Foot|ankle]], following a similar pain pathwa
6 KB (814 words) - 05:39, 30 January 2024
...fferences with adults along with the inherent elasticity of the paediatric spine.<ref>Parent S, Mac-Thiong JM, Roy-Beaudry M, Sosa JF, Labelle H. Spinal cor
# Only about 2% to 5% being spine injuries <ref>Cirak B, Ziegfeld S, Knight VM, Chang D, Avellino AM, Paidas
13 KB (1,818 words) - 17:48, 16 March 2022
...ac joint (commonly referred to as SIJ) is the joint connection between the spine and the pelvis.
...ntial for [[Lumbosacral Biomechanics|effective load transfer]] between the spine and the lower extremities.
18 KB (2,588 words) - 11:41, 22 January 2022
...-72. </ref> The five types of cancer that are most likely to spread to the spine are:<ref name=":2">Finucane L. Spinal Malignancy Course. Plus 2020. </ref>
It is not entirely understood how MBD spreads, but its propensity for the spine is considered to be due to haematogenous spread via the venous or arterial
14 KB (2,224 words) - 02:29, 1 May 2023
*Hamstring tightness & to stretch Thoraco lumbar fascia.<br>
...est. Cadaveric and clinical studies of the effects of medial hip rotation. Spine 1979;4(3):242–50.</ref> 1979; Butler, <ref>Butler DS. Clinical neurobiome
10 KB (1,486 words) - 00:27, 5 August 2019
!'''Spine'''
...the hips in prone lying is associated with a posterior tilt of the lumbar spine
16 KB (2,311 words) - 04:40, 22 November 2023
[[Category:Lumbar Spine - Outcome Measures]]
3 KB (483 words) - 16:40, 26 September 2023
...ed into [[PPIVMs of the Cervical Spine - Assessment|PPIVMs of the Cervical Spine - Assessment]] (PPIVMs) and Passive Accessory Intervertebral Movements (PAI
...if they do, whether their assessment is relevant. At least in the cervical spine, specifically targeted treatment produces superior results to general treat
20 KB (3,113 words) - 12:20, 19 March 2024
...lexibility. It is commonly used as a quick and simple way to assess lumbar spine mobility.
...bending require trunk flexion, which involves a complex movement combining lumbar and hip motion.<ref>Gordon R, Bloxham S. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
13 KB (1,906 words) - 11:27, 20 April 2023
{{#ev:youtube|dtdEluROrbI|300}}<ref>FW BSI. Fort Worth Brain and Spine Institute - What is Osteopenia?. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/wat
...(DEXA Scan)|DEXA]] (dual emission x-ray absorptiometry) scan of the lumbar spine and hip. See link<br>The WHO defines t-scores
5 KB (696 words) - 14:58, 16 December 2022
* Physiology of schoolchildren and adolescent spine
* Anatomy of paediatric spine
13 KB (1,867 words) - 20:46, 29 August 2019
...from any of the ligaments, muscles, fascia, joints or discs of the Lumbar Spine. Read more information on [[Low Back Pain|low back pain]].
...l mobilisation is described in terms of improving mobility in areas of the spine that are restricted <ref name="Korr (1977)">Korr, IM., (1977). The neurobio
38 KB (5,512 words) - 14:17, 17 April 2023
...A more functional definition is that FBSS results when the outcome of the lumbar spinal surgery does not meet the pre-surgical expectations of the patient a
...ack surgery syndrome and partial results after different types of surgical lumbar nerve root decompression]. Pain physician. 2011 Nov 1;14(6):545-57.</ref><r
18 KB (2,557 words) - 00:01, 9 June 2022
...it can also occur in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and [[Lumbar|lumbar spine]].<ref name=":0">Seidenwurm, D. J., & Expert Panel on Neurologic Imaging. (
...egion consists of 7 vertebrae, the thoracic region of 12 vertebrae and the lumbar region of 5 vertebrae.
22 KB (3,204 words) - 14:53, 20 November 2023
...7). Conservative treatment of acute and chronic Nonspecific low back pain. Spine, 22(18), 2128-2156. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199709150-00012</ref>.
...e majority of patients prefer to avoid the risks of surgery or suffer from spine-related musculoskeletal conditions contraindicated to surgical intervention
17 KB (2,387 words) - 23:55, 23 November 2022
It is formed from the ventral rami of the fourth lumbar to third sacral spinal nerves and is a continuation of the upper part of th
...jury.<ref>David J. Magee;Orthopaedic Physical Assessment; Chapter 9-Lumbar Spine;Fifth Edition: Pg 558-564.</ref>
13 KB (1,905 words) - 03:53, 30 January 2024
...the posterior [https://physio-pedia.com/Facet_Joints facet joints] of the spine. These joints together with the disc form the intervertebral joint. Changes
...ref name=":0">G Lilius, EM Laasonen, P Myllynen, A Harilainen, G Gronlund, Lumbar facet joint syndrome. A randomised clinical trial, J Bone Joint Surg Br Aug
25 KB (3,806 words) - 11:15, 12 June 2021
...nujjwal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/LumbarSpondylolysis_CCR_Jul2021.pdf Lumbar spondylolysis-Current concepts review]. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics an
[[File:Lumbar vertebra.png|thumb|300x300px|Anatomy of a lumbar vertebra ]]
33 KB (4,808 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...lack+of+knowledge+about+the+functional+aspects+of+the+equine+thoracolumbar+spine+and+pathogenesis+of+back+problems.&source=bl&ots=cAVFEBX9CU&sig=ACfU3U2mopm
...e=":1" /> There is also a lack of knowledge about the equine thoracolumbar spine (particularly its functional aspects) and the pathogenesis of back problems
18 KB (2,628 words) - 11:48, 18 August 2022
...rehabilitation providers have a comprehensive understanding of the lumbar spine evaluation. This page provides an overview of this evaluation and includes
...otential pathoanatomical cause of pain:<ref name=":2">Cunningham S. Lumbar Spine Evaluation Course. Plus, 2024.</ref>
22 KB (3,278 words) - 11:54, 18 April 2024
[[Category:Lumbar Spine - Outcome Measures]]
[[Category:Cervical Spine - Outcome Measures]]
6 KB (796 words) - 19:28, 26 November 2023
...ology spine scan.png|thumb|330x330px|R.E.M.S. technology applied to lumbar spine]]
...restimation in BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine?. ''BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders'', ''23''(1), pp.1-8. Available: https://
12 KB (1,745 words) - 11:42, 17 September 2023
=== Cervical spine ===
...lack K., Singh S. [https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.233025121 Pediatric cervical spine: normal anatomy, variants, and trauma]. Radiographics. 2003 May;23(3):539-6
29 KB (4,213 words) - 11:30, 12 March 2023
...">Giles LGF, Singer KP, Vol.3: Clinical anatomy and management of cervical spine pain. Butterworth Heinemann, 2001, second edition, p.103-104</ref><ref nam
...terior longitudinal ligament is most affected at the level of the thoracic spine <ref name="p4" />.
18 KB (2,537 words) - 14:20, 29 November 2023
...most commonly involved, although involvement can include the thoracolumbar/lumbar region as well.<ref name=":0">Mansfield JT, Bennett M[https://www.ncbi.nlm.
...uermann.9.aspx Evidence based medicine: analysis of Scheuermann kyphosis]. Spine. 2007 Sep 1;32(19):S115-9.</ref> <ref name="Weiss">Weiss H, Turnbull D. Kyp
25 KB (3,461 words) - 11:35, 12 March 2022
...of ‘clinical reporting’: results from an RCT and blinded trials. European Spine Journal. 2021 Jul;30:2069-81.</ref>
...gnetic resonance imaging in acute, work-related, disabling low back pain.] Spine. 2013 Oct 15;38(22):1939-46.</ref>
13 KB (1,844 words) - 16:41, 21 March 2024
...review their effectiveness on commonly affected joints such as the lumbar spine and the [[Sacroiliac Joint|sacroiliac joint]] that are prone to causing [[L
.... [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20140155/ The effectiveness of thoracic spine manipulation for the management of musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic
27 KB (3,903 words) - 07:08, 19 April 2023
...he ULTT's are equivalent to the straight leg raise designed for the lumbar spine.
...n of the cervical spine Primal.png|thumb| Sagittal section of the cervical spine ]]ULTT are performed to assess peripheral nerve mobility and compression o
9 KB (1,258 words) - 16:53, 23 March 2023
Lumbar stress fractures are responsible for up to 15% of all missed playing time i
..., A. (2014). Are Fast-Bowlers Prone to Back Injuries? Prevalence of Lumbar Spine Injuries in Fast-Bowlers: Review of MRI-Based Studies. ''Asian Journal of S
33 KB (4,868 words) - 16:45, 18 June 2019
##In Standing: Lumbar spine, Level of iliac crests (To rule out pelvic/SIJ dysfunction)
**Lumbar spine
12 KB (1,726 words) - 15:00, 15 December 2022
...="bron6">http://www.orthonc.com/education-research/spine/patient-education-spine-sacroiliac-joint-syndrome (accessed on 22/10/2011)</ref>
Stabilization Exercises (see also [[Exercises for Lumbar Instability]])
26 KB (3,926 words) - 00:12, 16 February 2024
...acute “Nonspecific” Low Back Pain: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Spine. 2006.</ref><ref name="p6" />.
...eir LBP (ex. herniated disc), educate the patient on the resiliency of the spine and limitations of imaging in LBP, and improve a patient’s self efficacy
25 KB (3,531 words) - 13:40, 9 September 2021
This page introduces the Anatomy of Equine Spine and Head.
...pairs of ribs, out of a total of 18.<ref name=":1">Van der Walt A. Equine Spine and Head Presentation. Plus , 2021.</ref>
32 KB (4,713 words) - 11:30, 18 August 2022
...nts is barrel-shaped and rigid; ribs are elevated and perpendicular to the spine
...depress and develop an angulation in relation to their attachment with the spine - this is due to the diaphragm pull and forces from sitting/standing/walkin
9 KB (1,231 words) - 14:54, 14 January 2024
The [[Thoracic Anatomy|Thoracic Spine]] has a complex and often overlooked role within the body. It is a key area
* Should be assessed and treated as a functional unit including not only the spine but the [[Ribs|rib]] cage.
25 KB (3,520 words) - 00:01, 11 December 2020
...ice Guidelines|neck]], [[Thoracic Back Pain|thoracic]] and [[Low Back Pain|lumbar pain]]) is a common presenting condition in physiotherapy practice. Neck an
...muscle strain]], [[Disc Herniation|disc herniation]], [[Lumbar Spondylosis|lumbar spondylosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis|spondylolisthesis,]] [[Insufficiency Fra
16 KB (2,363 words) - 00:14, 26 October 2022
...ronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized, Controlled Trial With 1-Year Follow-Up. Spine. 2003;28(6):525-532.</ref><ref name="Ferreira">Ferreira ML, Ferreira PH, La
...t of patients with recent onset low back pain or lumbar radiculopathy. Eur Spine J 2018; 27: 60-75.</ref> and American College of Physicians<ref name=":2">Q
23 KB (3,461 words) - 11:16, 28 August 2023
....</ref> According to research, one-fifth of all people experience thoracic spine pain in their lifetime.<ref name=":0" /> A good understanding of the anatom
== Thoracic Spine Structure ==
38 KB (5,505 words) - 08:10, 20 July 2023
...'Keeffe, M., O'Sullivan, K., Lewis, J., & McCreesh, K. (2016). Is thoracic spine posture associated with shoulder pain, range of motion and function? A syst
...vements.<ref>Dunk, N. M., Callaghan, J. P., & McGill, S. M. (2005). Lumbar spine movement patterns during prolonged sitting differentiate low back pain deve
24 KB (3,502 words) - 22:58, 10 April 2024
...ed mechanics along the kinetic chain anywhere from the foot to the lumbar spine giving the appearance of a short leg when a bony asymmetry in the length
...terior iliac spine and the medial malleolus or the anterior inferior iliac spine and lateral malleolus<ref>[https://www.jospt.org/doi/abs/10.2519/jospt.2003
8 KB (1,183 words) - 00:24, 1 July 2022
...bility of selected pain provocation tests for sacroiliac joint pathology]. Spine. 1994 Jun;19(11):1243-9.</ref>
[[Category:Lumbar Spine - Special Tests]]
6 KB (933 words) - 22:08, 31 January 2021
...n rule for spinal manipulative therapy: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Spine J. 2008;17:936–943.</ref> All other CPRs are still at a derivation
...lled trial of exercise and manipulative therapy for cervicogenic headache. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002;27(17):1835-1843.</ref><ref>Cools AM, Struyf F, De Me
14 KB (2,102 words) - 17:28, 3 August 2022
=== The Lumbar Spine ===
The [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] is where most [[Low Back Pain|back pain]] occurs, in and around the five
33 KB (4,918 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...ted by EnA are the peripheral (limb) joints and, in some cases, the entire spine can become involved, as well<ref name=":0">SAA [https://spondylitis.org/abo
...|sacroiliac (SI) joints]], but in about five percent of people, the entire spine is involved.
8 KB (1,069 words) - 13:03, 12 October 2023
...ignificance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries]. spine. 1983 Nov 1;8(8):817-31.</ref>
...ma focused on the middle column was sufficient to cause instability in the spine. The instability was further categorized into three types:
38 KB (5,553 words) - 15:40, 20 March 2024
== Introduction: Lumbar Stenosis ==
'''-Lumbar spinal stenosis''' is a medical condition characterized by the narrowing of
37 KB (5,242 words) - 16:19, 11 October 2023
...don sheaths, bursae and bone can be involved by patients with PVNS. In the spine, the disease originates from the vertebral articular facet joints .
...Locking and instability, mechanical symptoms, may develop [5]. PVNS in the spine may cause back pain, tenderness, and neurological dysfunction leading to ac
9 KB (1,250 words) - 12:40, 18 June 2021
...able: https://drbradcole.com/functional-assessment-rehabilitation-cervical-spine/<nowiki/>(accessed 22.4.2022)</ref>.
|These muscles control / maintain neutral spine
11 KB (1,455 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...nujjwal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/LumbarSpondylolysis_CCR_Jul2021.pdf Lumbar spondylolysis-Current concepts review]. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics an
...n Related Sport|repetitive hyperextension]] and rotation across the lumbar spine.<ref name=":0" /> Baseball, cricket, diving, gymnastics, soccer, wrestling
31 KB (4,569 words) - 11:08, 30 June 2023
...dra SL, Fessler RG, Liu JC. Maximizing the potential of minimally invasive spine surgery in complex spinal disorders. Neurosurgical focus. 2008 Aug 1;25(2):
...be|_lUhQLFHriw|300}}<ref>Fortis Healthcare. Vertebroplasty & Kyphoplasty ( Spine Surgery) Neuro Surgery; Fortis Healthcare,India. Available from: http://www
15 KB (2,177 words) - 01:11, 29 June 2020
...Segmental Assessment|spine]], but is most common in the cervical and lower lumbar regions.<ref name="i">Peng B. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PM
Lumbar DDD is a condition that maybe a cause of [[Low Back Pain|lower back pain]],
33 KB (4,742 words) - 17:54, 9 January 2024
A herniated disc in the spine is a condition during which a nucleus pulposus is displaced from interverte
See [[Lumbar Anatomy]] for great detail
40 KB (5,562 words) - 14:04, 27 November 2023
* [[Lumbar Spinal Stenosis]]
* Lumbar [[Disc Herniation|disc herniations]]
17 KB (2,419 words) - 10:38, 3 March 2024
...Severity, Treatment, and Outcomes of Sciatica and Lumbar Spinal Stenosis, Spine.1996;21:2885-2892</ref> There are different grades ranging from I to IV, t
* In the first stage, both the upper and lower spine experience flexion, causing a loss of cervical lordosis.
10 KB (1,440 words) - 19:47, 26 December 2023
...Prognostic factors for recovery from postpartum pelvic girdle pain. ''Eur Spine J''. 2009;18(5):718-726. doi:10.1007/s00586-009-0911-2</ref>{{#ev:youtube|w
...guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic girdle pain. European Spine Journal. 2008 Jun 1;17(6):794-819.</ref>
23 KB (3,296 words) - 22:45, 26 December 2022
...ning vertebrae have a bearing function. The main functions of the cervical spine are to support the head and allow the motility of the head and the most imp
...ion methods to calculate anchor-based MCID values using the North American Spine Society (NASS) patient satisfaction scale as the anchor: 1) average change,
12 KB (1,782 words) - 14:47, 23 August 2019
Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It is most often diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence.
The spine's normal curves occur at the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions in the so-called “sagittal” plane. These natural curves positio
31 KB (4,551 words) - 14:29, 29 June 2023
...presentation of pain was ipsilateral buttock (94% cases) and midline lower lumbar area (74%).
* Up to 50% of cases have radiation to the lower extremity: 6% to the upper lumbar area, 4% percent to the groin, and 2% percent to the lower abdomen<ref name
16 KB (2,222 words) - 07:45, 3 September 2023
...nia: clinical case series and literature review]. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine. 2011 May 1;14(5):654-63.</ref><ref name=":3">Lirette LS, Chaiban G, Tolba
The coccyx is a triangular bone that forms the most distal segment of the spine.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> It is composed of 3 to 5 coccygeal segme
26 KB (3,674 words) - 17:33, 11 March 2024
...sh.pdf Whiplash and Whiplash Associated Disorders] from the North American Spine Society (2009).
...uments/herniated_lumbar.pdf Herniated Lumbar Disc] from the North American Spine Society (2009).
15 KB (2,084 words) - 19:01, 24 September 2016
...>Maughan EF, Lewis JS. Outcome measures in chronic low back pain. European Spine Journal. 2010 Sep 1:19(9): 1484-94.</ref>. Therefore, it is necessary for H
...questionnaire, Oswestry disability index, and short form 36-health survey. Spine. 2018 Jun 15:43(12):877-82</ref>.
9 KB (1,307 words) - 13:56, 14 December 2022
*ROM: Lumbar ROM 75% of normal, no increase in pain with movement; Hip ROM 75% of normal
...ious mononucleosis, non-intentional weight loss, + Castell's, and positive lumbar percussion test.<ref name="Textbook" /><ref name="Mayo Clinic">Mayo Clinic.
15 KB (2,183 words) - 21:00, 30 June 2020
...e progressive, typically continuing after the growth of the individual and spine has ceased.<ref name=":0" />Its progressive nature is more often seen in co
* Intraspinal and congenital abnormalities of the spine
15 KB (1,995 words) - 18:21, 17 January 2023
...ed from the Medical Outcomes Study<ref>Ware J. SF-36 Health Survey Update. Spine. 2000. 25; 24: 3130-3139.</ref>. The SF-12 was created to reduce the burden
[[Category:Lumbar Spine - Outcome Measures]]
7 KB (940 words) - 06:47, 4 January 2024
...al Anatomy|cervical]] spine and rarely, except for trauma, in the thoracic spine.<ref name=":1" />
* A fractured pars interarticularis of the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] vertebrae, also called the isthmus.
34 KB (4,705 words) - 17:14, 29 February 2024
...for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care. European Spine Journal. 2010;19(12):2075-94.</ref> and neck pain,<ref>Childs, J.D., Clelan
...sociated with smoking, can also lead to increased mechanical stress on the spine
27 KB (3,864 words) - 11:24, 29 August 2023
The spine is wonderfully designed to allow movement. It is also designed to help abso
...in the thoracic region which is your upper back; 5 vertebrae in the lumbar spine; and 5 sacral vertebrae and 4 coccyx which are located below that.
25 KB (3,823 words) - 17:19, 29 February 2024
...juries (as opposed to traumatic injuries) in the lower extremities and the lumbar region. Many of the injuries trace back to technique error, or external fac
...neous with a mostly ballet focus<ref name=":7" />. Overuse injuries in the spine are generally regarded as the second most effected region with the lower li
41 KB (6,002 words) - 16:23, 11 October 2023
[[Category:Lumbar Spine - Outcome Measures]]
5 KB (686 words) - 16:47, 15 December 2022
...a long, tapering (fusiform) muscle that originates at either side of the spine and inserts at the lesser trochanter of the [[femur]]. The psoas muscle con
...ee joints. It originates at the [[Pelvic Landmarks|anterior superior iliac spine]] and inserts superficially on the [[Pes Anserinus Bursitis|pes anserinus]]
7 KB (1,063 words) - 00:44, 18 January 2022
...al (outer) side of the psoas major muscle, which stretches from the lumbar spine in the lower back to the lower pelvis. Some of these fibers extend to the f
...supplied with nerves by the branches of the second and third nerves of the lumbar area through the femoral nerve.(L2,L3)
9 KB (1,315 words) - 14:34, 15 June 2023
* [[Lumbar Spinal Stenosis|Lumbar spine stenosis]]/ transient [[Cauda Equina Syndrome|cauda equina]] compression<re
...ised intra-abdominal pressure & plays a role in stabilising the pelvis and lumbar joints.
12 KB (1,557 words) - 10:05, 7 August 2022
*[[Lumbar Spinal Stenosis]]
*[http://www.physio-pedia.com/Lumbar_Spine_Fracture Lumbar spine fracture]
38 KB (5,373 words) - 11:21, 28 August 2023
...l tibial ligament (medial and lateral meniscus) attaches menisci to tibial spine
|Ventral surface of lumbar vertebrae
11 KB (1,561 words) - 07:15, 19 December 2021
Inflammation can occur in the spine, sacroiliac and peripheral joints as well near the attachments of tendons a
...[[Facet Joints|facet joints]], endplates, bone marrow, … every part of the spine can be affected by an inflammation. <ref name="p4">Walter P. Maksymowy
22 KB (3,164 words) - 21:22, 1 September 2023
Low back pain (LBP) is a condition of localized pain to the lumbar spine with or without symptoms to the distal extremities whose aetiology is commo
...cles of respiration and continence which provide mechanical support to the spine and pelvis<ref name="Eight" />.
25 KB (3,632 words) - 10:49, 24 May 2022
...|fractures]] occur in the lower thoracic spine, with 60% to 70% of thoraco-lumbar fractures occurring in the T11 to L2 region, which is bio-mechanically weak
...ury. 2009 Feb 1;40(2):166-72.</ref> Minor trauma can also cause a thoracic spine fracture in individuals who have a condition associated with loss of bone m
27 KB (3,809 words) - 20:48, 17 October 2020
...ysio-pedia.com/Sacroiliac_joint_dysfunction sacroiliac joint dysfunction], lumbar [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Spinal_Stenosis spinal stenosis], disc surgery
...ean guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic girdle pain]. Eur Spine J. 2008 Jun;17(6):794-819. doi: 10.1007/s00586-008-0602-4. (level of eviden
13 KB (1,920 words) - 10:56, 29 November 2022
...when they are sitting in comparison to standing. ROM of head rotation and lumbar extension are both limited as well. The patient history reveals that they h
|Lumbar pain (NRS 3) in spinal extension (while standing)
14 KB (2,032 words) - 14:13, 14 December 2022
If neurological deficits or referral from lumbar spine are suspected you should perform a neurological assessment:
*If lumbar spine suspected add passive intevertebral mobilisations (PA spinous processes, PA
12 KB (1,651 words) - 11:13, 16 November 2023
...g, which then increases stress with flexion and extension movements of the spine<ref name="yamada and lonser" />. Abnormalities are due to problems with sec
*Lhermitte's Sign (electric shock sensation through spine, legs, arms, trunk)<ref name="khare and seth">Khare S, Seth D. [https://www
19 KB (2,701 words) - 17:12, 17 October 2020
Muscles used for breathing are connected to the lumbar vertebra. There is evidence suggesting a relationship between respiration a
...or control tests in chronic low back pain: a case–control study”, European Spine Journal, 2009, 18.7: 1066-1073. (level of evidence: 3B)</ref>
24 KB (3,645 words) - 00:27, 27 August 2019
See below for a reminder of the cervical and lumbar scans that can be performed in a clinical.
==== '''Lumbar Scan''' ====
15 KB (2,176 words) - 06:26, 29 July 2022
...called the Medical Outcomes Study<ref>Ware J. SF-36 Health Survey Update. Spine. 2000. 25; 24: 3130-3139.<section>
[[Category:Thoracic Spine - Outcome Measures]]
9 KB (1,328 words) - 07:31, 4 January 2024
Information on a full cervical spine examination is discussed [[Cervical Examination|here]], including the subje
* Cervical spine instability
17 KB (2,510 words) - 00:31, 28 December 2022
...raphe. By this attachment gluteus maximus is coupled to the ipsilateral [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]] and contralateral [[Latissimus Dorsi Muscle|Latissi
...the hamstring, gluteus maximus, and lumbar erector spinae in subjects with lumbar hyperlordosis]; J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Feb : 27(2):383-6.</ref> Gluteal musc
13 KB (1,921 words) - 04:11, 30 January 2024
...ting is diminished. The diagnosis of PGP can be reached after exclusion of lumbar causes. The pain or functional disturbances in relation to PGP must be repr
...ts]]<br>The sacroiliac joints allow for the transfer of forces between the spine and the lower extremity.<ref>Vleeming A, Schuenke MD, Masi AT, Carreiro JE,
27 KB (3,785 words) - 18:21, 25 April 2024
...pain cost of illness studies in the United States and internationally. The spine journal. 2008 Jan 1;8(1):8-20.</ref>.
...c review of randomized controlled trials of the most common interventions. Spine. 1997 Sep 15;22(18):2128-56.</ref><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">.</span
21 KB (3,154 words) - 23:53, 19 November 2020
...d flags presented in current low back pain guidelines: a review.] European Spine Journal. 2016 Sep 1;25(9):2788-802. </ref> or when clinicians should act<re
...ame=":0" /> The five types of cancer that are most likely to spread to the spine are:
14 KB (2,101 words) - 10:12, 20 December 2023
originates from anterior inferior iliac spine(AIIS) and the part of alar of ilium superior to the acetabulum<ref name=":0
There is a membrane connecting the CT with the anterior superior iliac spine.<ref>Mechó S, Iriarte I, Pruna R, Pérez-Andrés R, Rodríguez-Baeza A. [h
6 KB (952 words) - 18:23, 25 September 2023
...Dankaerts, W., Burnett, A., Straker, L., Bargon, G., & Moloney, N. (2011). Lumbar posture and trunk muscle activation during a typing task when sitting on a
* Technique: Neutral spine alignment, limiting time and messaging, increasing voice commands, taking p
13 KB (1,755 words) - 13:52, 7 December 2023
...er, J. (2005) Classification, Intervention, and Outcomes for a Person With Lumbar Rotation With Flexion Syndrome. Physical Therapy 35(4) pp. 336-351</ref><sp
...Movement Impairment Syndromes concepts and their application to the lumbar spine. For more comprehensive, indepth information see Diagnosis and Treatment on
59 KB (8,801 words) - 11:44, 28 August 2023
...J. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2474-10-39 Pain in the lumbar, thoracic or cervical regions: do age and gender matter? A population-based
...ditional information on thoracic spine musculature is available [[Thoracic Spine Major Muscles|here]].
24 KB (3,497 words) - 11:31, 18 August 2022
...round the shins" to engage the latissimus dorsi to assist with keeping the spine in a neutral position. An additional cue would be to "squeeze oranges under
...an increase in intrathoracic pressure which helps stabilize the trunk and spine during the movement. The Valsalva maneuver should be avoided by individuals
18 KB (2,908 words) - 22:11, 10 April 2024
...bra which house them. There are 8 cervical nerves, 12 thoracic nerves, 5 [[lumbar]] nerves, 5 sacral nerves,1 coccygeal nerve. 16 of these 31 nerves has a sp
...sometric resisted muscle testing, gives information about the level in the spine where a lesion may be present. During myotome testing, you are looking for
8 KB (1,315 words) - 19:20, 4 August 2023
...ing the second most likely to be affected. The higher levels of the lumbar spine are rarely affected. (15 LOE: 4)
...a blanket term used by physicians to describe general deterioration of the spine. This defect can be asymptomatic or associated with significant back pain (
27 KB (3,938 words) - 16:35, 19 December 2019
Axial spondyloarthritis is a seronegative [[spondyloarthritis]] of the spine and pelvis. The term axial spondyloarthritis has only been used since 2009
...spine an appearance similar to bamboo, hence the alternative name "bamboo spine".
34 KB (4,865 words) - 11:38, 14 October 2023
...sup>1</sup> Injury also occurs due to erector spinae fatigue and increased lumbar flexion throughout the rowing stroke.<sup>2 </sup>Research has shown that c
...tability and strengthening, proper pelvic alignment, endurance training of lumbar erector spinae muscles, and neutral postural alignment.2 It is from these c
15 KB (2,355 words) - 11:00, 6 June 2017
...back, which may exacerbate the pain in the lumbar spine. Additionally, the lumbar section can lose its natural curvature, which may be flattened or even posi
...r back into the chair, low back supported against back support with gentle lumbar curve.
21 KB (2,959 words) - 03:04, 7 November 2023
...inical features of the piriformis syndrome: a systematic review.] European Spine Journal. 2010 Dec 1;19(12):2095-109.
...ms of the PM are most often caused by direct trauma, post-surgical injury, lumbar and sacroiliac joint pathologies or overuse.<ref name="Tonley" /><ref name=
29 KB (4,214 words) - 16:07, 23 October 2023
...ather H, Cheng A, Steger-May K, Maheshwari V, Van Dillen L. Hip and lumbar spine physical examination findings in people presenting with low back pain, with
...classification procedures in pregnancy-related pelvic joint pain. European Spine Journal. 2000 Apr 1;9(2):161-6.</ref>
21 KB (3,088 words) - 09:44, 27 December 2022
...59PD_BMalWsXw Improving tinnitus with mechanical treatment of the cervical spine and jaw], J Am Acad Audiol, 2013 Jul-Aug;24(7):544-55, (Level of evidence 3
...AAGBfm3qKhAdf_3_3Q6D7Rpyf4AcORKcgA Functional disturbances of the cervical spine in tinnitus]. HNO. 2006 Feb;54(2):125-31 (level of evidence 2C)</ref><br>
16 KB (2,302 words) - 17:35, 11 February 2022
...e amount of force transferred from the ground and lower extremities to the spine and upper extremities.<ref name=":2" />
...mechanics, sexual dimorphism, and causes of pain. International journal of spine surgery. 2020 Feb 1;14(s1):S3-13.</ref><ref>Wong M, Kiel J. Anatomy, Abdome
20 KB (2,808 words) - 09:58, 18 August 2022
...lus fibrosis of the intervertebral discs, and the apophyseal joints of the spine.<ref name="p1" />
...the inflammation can lead to new bone formation of the spine, causing the spine to fuse in a fixed position often creating a forward stooped posture.<ref n
31 KB (4,448 words) - 03:36, 3 September 2023
...[Gemellus Superior|superior]] and [[Gemellus Inferior|inferior]]): ischial spine (superior) or ischial tuberosity (inferior) to the greater trochanter and o
...ensor fascia latae (TFL)]]: the [[Pelvic Landmarks|anterior superior iliac spine]] to [[Iliotibial Tract|iliotibial tract]], between the deep and superficia
17 KB (2,471 words) - 17:39, 18 February 2024
...an be difficult to fit their saddles as they tend to ”run out” of thoracic spine.
* This causes the horse to laterally flex the lumbar and caudal thoracic regions
38 KB (5,860 words) - 22:00, 4 January 2023
...mptoms are non-specific, diffuse <ref name="p2">F. Postacchini, 1999, Lumbar disc herniation, Springer, 481p. (Level of evidence 5)</ref> and treacherou
*Loss of lumbar lordosis and lower back movement <ref name="p1" />
11 KB (1,548 words) - 23:24, 26 November 2022
* Asymmetry in lumbar paravertebral muscle mass
[[File:Adapted Bigstock Image - Spine Diseases - ID 129611492.jpg|thumb|Figure 1. Common postures that can be obs
22 KB (3,329 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
...ertain.org/projects/spine-research/spine-lumbar-fusion-outcomes-calculator Lumbar Fusion Calculator] is one tool that can help with the decision-making proce
...feel a change in symptoms with [[Manual Therapy Techniques For The Lumbar Spine|manual therapy]]. Make sure to have an objective test to indicate if your i
19 KB (2,993 words) - 22:20, 26 January 2023
...and function in the sacroiliac joint. Part 1: Clinical anatomical aspects. Spine 1990a; 15(2): 130-132</ref>
...fication of muscular contribution to force closure of the pelvis. European Spine Journal 2004.</ref>. Force closure is particularly important during activit
36 KB (5,447 words) - 18:23, 30 November 2020
...n Diagnostic Imaging of the Lumbar Spine|Diagnostic Imaging for the Lumbar spine]]
12 KB (1,858 words) - 09:29, 25 March 2024
Used for facial pain, cervical spine and shoulder restricted range of motion, shoulder arthritis and arm/elbow p
Used for motor function impairment of the arm, lumbar/cervical spine pain or stiffness, arm pain or weakness<ref name=":0" />
8 KB (1,171 words) - 13:01, 1 March 2022
...May.</ref>[[Image:Phy4.jpg|thumb|Use in [[Exercises for Lumbar Instability|lumbar stabilisation exercises]]]]<ref name="p6" />
...stabiliser is positioned under the lumbar lordosis. During exercises, the spine cannot make any movements. The [[Transversus Abdominis|transversus abdomini
20 KB (2,793 words) - 10:43, 16 April 2024
...he lower three posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, posterior lumbar arteries and the deep circumflex artery may provide some contributions)<ref
* Flexion of the trunk (flexion of thoracic and lumber spine), while it works by drawing pubic symphysis and sternum toward each other.
6 KB (840 words) - 07:01, 19 December 2021
...QDA&scisig=AAGBfm0Wo3TAlcO35eZFhbKtfEKiGluxUg Anatomical variations of the lumbar plexus: a descriptive anatomy study with proposed clinical implications]. J
...elated incidents in individuals who underwent direct lateral and posterior lumbar spinal surgery can cause MP.
18 KB (2,720 words) - 14:55, 19 June 2023
...in a posterior tilt position, decreasing the lumbar lordosis (an excess in lumbar lordosis is often seen in scoliosis patients).
...javian. Published online 2017 Aug 7. doi: 10.4184/asj.2017.11.4.627.Asian Spine Journal.PMC.NCBI
12 KB (1,775 words) - 20:38, 3 April 2021
[[File:3d-spine.jpg|right|frameless]]Osteogenic exercises include various physical activiti
* Exercises to strengthen back muscles for improving spine health
14 KB (1,934 words) - 10:34, 30 November 2023
...and can be described as an exaggerated anterior curvature of the thoracic spine that is associated with aging<ref name="Jang et al." />
* Anterior curvature of the thoracic spine is normal and present due to the shape of the vertebral bodies and interver
19 KB (2,697 words) - 04:41, 21 November 2022
...Sitting with adjustable ischial and back supports: biomechanical changes. SPINE 2003;28(11):1113-1122.</ref> Acute pain is typically pain present in t
...M, Korn H, Nordin M. Association between sitting and occupational LBP. Eur Spine J 2007;16:283-289.</ref> The [http://www.bls.gov/news.release/osh2.nr
20 KB (2,913 words) - 02:36, 15 July 2019
...nals/eor/5/9/2058-5241.5.200032.xml Pelvic motion the key to understanding spine–hip interaction]. EFORT Open Reviews. 2020 Sep 7;5(9):522-33.</ref> The t
..., alignment of the upper spine, cervical spine lordosis, kyphotic thoracic spine and the appropriate alignment of the pelvis connecting to the lower extremi
24 KB (3,499 words) - 09:59, 18 August 2022
...s osteoporosis], [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Lumbar_Spine_Fracture lumbar spine fracture], [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Congenital_Spine_Deformities struct
...ychosocial predictors of outcome in acute and subchronic low back trouble. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995 Mar 15;20(6):722-8.Level of evidence 3C</ref>
46 KB (6,826 words) - 11:21, 18 August 2022
...ecific and radiological predictive factors for curve progression. European Spine Journal. 2021 Mar 26;30(7):1813–22.</ref>
...uropean Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society] [Internet]. 2020 Apr 1;29(4):786–93. </ref>. Adolescent
16 KB (2,343 words) - 21:44, 4 May 2024
...2. 15; 2: 195-206.</ref> Passive structural changes – pelvic torsion, mild lumbar scoliosis, facet angulation, changes in muscle length – seem capable of c
*If the leg is left uncompensated, the anterior and posterior iliac spine on the side of the short leg can be lower which may result in a sacral base
23 KB (3,402 words) - 08:13, 28 December 2023
...he limbs merely amplify movement that originates in the musculature of the spine and trunk. It has since been proposed and developed from this, by the likes
...e vectors that assist in the transfer of load within the pelvis and lumbar spine. These muscles within a myofascial sling may overlap and interconnect with
41 KB (6,260 words) - 13:54, 17 August 2020
*Pain radiating from the centre of his spine up to mid thoracic spine VAS 6-7/10 constantly
*Lumbar flexion and extension
10 KB (1,748 words) - 03:38, 31 July 2023
[[Category:Lumbar Spine - Outcome Measures]]
5 KB (727 words) - 11:25, 1 September 2023
...cident the patient immediately complained of pain in her middle thorax and spine, her neck, and lower extremities. Patient also reports having difficulty sl
Objective: <br>Body pain diagram: pain noted cervical spine, bilateral shoulders, low back, bilateral hips, bilateral knees<br>VAS: 8/1
11 KB (1,540 words) - 22:08, 13 October 2020
...d in classification procedures in pregnancy-related pelvic joint pain. Eur Spine J. 2000; 9(2):161-166</ref><ref name=":11">Kokmeyer DJ, Van der Wurdd P, Au
...subjects with broad spectrum. Accepting range of buttock pain with/without Lumbar or lower limb symptoms. Excluded if midline pain above L5<br>'''Reference S
16 KB (2,220 words) - 22:31, 31 January 2021
...lis, MD. Achondroplasia and cervical laminoplasty Case report. J Neurosurg Spine 2009; 11:417-420. http://thejns.org/doi/pdf/10.3171/2009.4.SPINE09164 (acce
*Spine curvatures called kyphosis and lordosis."<ref name="pubmed" />
15 KB (2,098 words) - 20:10, 20 November 2022
[[File:Sagittal section of the lumbar spine Primal.png|thumb|Lumbar Spine]]
...or iliac crest, gluteal fold and/or in the general [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] region.<ref name=":12">Katonis P., Kampouroglou A., Aggelopoulos A., Kaka
28 KB (4,016 words) - 11:56, 10 March 2023
...eased flexion of the hips, and a compensatory hyper lordosis in the lumbar spine<ref>Physiopedia contributors. (2022) ''Lower Crossed Syndrome''. Physiopedi
...me shortened or tight. This results in inhibition of gluteal activity. The lumbar lordosis increases due to the tight hip flexors <ref>Dhanani, S., & Shah, D
43 KB (6,538 words) - 14:32, 2 May 2024
...e mobilisation, [[Myofascial Release|myofascial release]], [[Exercises for Lumbar Instability|exercises]], bracing, manipulation, mobilisation, patient educa
...y of muscle energy technique as compared to conventional therapy on lumbar spine range of motion in chronic low back pain of sacroiliac origin. Human Biol R
11 KB (1,590 words) - 11:21, 18 August 2022
...d with low back pain: a motor control evaluation of transversus abdominis. Spine. 1996 Nov 15;21(22):2640-50.</ref> showed that the inner core acts in an an
* [[Lumbar Multifidus|Multifidus]]
17 KB (2,425 words) - 11:31, 18 August 2022
...-018-5673-2</nowiki></ref><ref>Rubin DI. Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Spine Pain. Neurol Clin. 2007 May 1;25(2):353–71</ref> and between 66% and 88.5
...Di Laura A, Hirschmann AC, Lee R, et al. What happens to the lower lumbar spine after marathon running: a 3.0 T MRI study of 21 first-time marathoners. Ske
30 KB (4,360 words) - 12:15, 31 August 2023
...nd_dysfunction_of_lateral_epicondylalgia The initial effects of a cervical
spine manipulative physiotherapy treatment on the pain and dysfunction of lateral
...outube|vFn1lukU3hQ|250}} <div class="text-right"><ref>AthleteFIX. Cervical
Spine Lateral Glide. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vFn1lukU3hQ
13 KB (1,793 words) - 11:20, 3 August 2022
...dorsiflexing the ankle, extending the knee and hyper-extending the lumbar spine.<ref>Harvey L. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780443068584/management
7 KB (976 words) - 05:53, 31 January 2022
...ensatory methods can include trunk leaning forwards or hinging into lumbar spine extension
** Make sure that the lumbar spine is in neutral
24 KB (3,673 words) - 11:48, 18 August 2022
[[Category:Thoracic Spine - Outcome Measures]]
[[Category:Lumbar Spine - Outcome Measures]]
9 KB (1,274 words) - 18:04, 23 July 2023
...dysfunction at these joints are a source of referred pain at the thoracic spine, with suggested involvement of the costotransverse joint concerning [[T4 Sy
...133379&ei=B3L_Y6bZNY7gygSPuIegDA&scisig=AAGBfm0sXAsXQYR1V0mPGDHShvYfaS1QWQ Lumbar stuffness but not thoracic radiographic changes relate to alteration of lun
35 KB (5,073 words) - 17:45, 1 March 2023
...thy?utm_source=physiopedia&utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=ongoing_internal Lumbar Radiculopathy] and [https://physio-pedia.com/Piriformis_Syndrome?utm_source
...c resonance imaging with outcome study of resulting treatment. J Neurosurg Spine 2005; 2: 99–115</ref>
23 KB (3,243 words) - 00:21, 31 October 2022
* Increased [[lumbar]] lordosis.
...Hyperkyphosis|Hyper kyphosis]] of the upper [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] spine.
27 KB (3,725 words) - 11:28, 24 July 2023
...e amount of force transferred from the ground and lower extremities to the spine and upper extremities.<ref name=":2" />
|[[Lumbar Multifidus|Multifidus]]
11 KB (1,495 words) - 11:51, 23 December 2021
...to the bladder and bowel. The most common cause of CES is a prolapse of a lumbar disc but other conditions such as metastatic spinal cord compression can al
...ciation of Spine Surgeons standards of care for cauda equina syndrome. The Spine Journal 2015 15 (3), pS2-S4.
21 KB (3,160 words) - 11:26, 29 February 2024
...ies". <ref name="Groh" /> It is also important to evaluate the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joint as well as the knee.<br>
6 KB (899 words) - 02:42, 14 July 2019
...ropean guidelines for prevention in low back pain: November 2004. European Spine Journal. 2006 Mar;15(Suppl 2):s136.</ref>
...er J. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557616/ Anatomy, Back, Lumbar Spine.] [online] StatPerals [Intenet] 2022; August 25. Available from: https://ww
37 KB (5,561 words) - 10:52, 27 April 2023
...="Micheli and Wood 1995">El-Sayed A, Cervoni-Rosario B, Harrast MA. Lumbar spine. In: Krabak BJ, Brooks A, editors. The Youth Athlete. Elsevier; 2023. p. 35
* Lumbar muscle strain.
55 KB (7,921 words) - 07:07, 30 August 2023
[[File:Thoracic Spine.png|thumb]]T4 syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion when all other diagnoses
...n SJ, Singer KP. 1997. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11440526/ Thoracic spine: anatomical and biomechanical considerations for manual therapy.] Man Ther.
16 KB (2,184 words) - 01:09, 21 November 2023
Lumbar Extensors
...s and crutches or a walker. Full function of the upper extremities and the spine above the level of the lesion, but lack function of the abdominal musculatu
18 KB (2,779 words) - 20:08, 22 September 2023
# [[Lumbar Spine Fracture|Vertebral Fractures]]
...ssociation of Spine Surgeons standards of care for cauda equina syndrome.] Spine J. 2015 Mar 2;15(3 Suppl):S2-S4. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.01.006. PMID: 2
39 KB (5,495 words) - 15:28, 31 August 2023
# Spine and ribs: 13%(sacrococcygeal)
...</u><br>Lumbar Flexion 65<br>Lumbar Extension 35<br>Lumbar Side bend 20<br>Lumbar Rotation 30
15 KB (2,261 words) - 07:15, 27 January 2023
...se-Report.pdf Moving without moving: immediate management following lumbar spine surgery using a graded motor imagery approach: a case report.] Physiotherap
** For the spine (neck/back) the direction of rotation/bending should be identified
14 KB (2,012 words) - 17:24, 28 February 2024
...bing stairs<br>4. Turning over in bed<br>5. Previous damage to lumbosacral spine or pelvis
...ion is important for differentiating other possible causes, such as lumbar spine problems or prolapsed discs and to get a proper diagnosis.<ref name=":0" />
24 KB (3,460 words) - 21:20, 27 June 2023
...l., 2015).]][[Scoliosis]] can be described as an abnormal curvature of the spine. The [[Cobb's angle|Cobb angle]] (fig.2) and Risser sign are measures commo
...epidemiological study for 43,630 pupils in Niigata City, Japan.] European Spine Journal. 2011 Feb 1;20(2):274-9.</ref><ref name=":3">Joncas, J., Labelle, H
14 KB (1,943 words) - 11:39, 24 November 2023
...traction with vibration for different grades of degeneration of the lumbar spine. Medical Engineering and Physics 2016. Published online 2 november </ref>&n
6 KB (799 words) - 10:27, 23 December 2022
# Acquiring the strength and control needed to extend the spine and hold the head and trunk upright and steady.<ref name=":2">Pin TW, Butle
== Learning to extend the neck and spine ==
17 KB (2,642 words) - 00:11, 28 September 2022
...d of 33 Vertebra; 7 [[Cervical Vertebrae]], 12 [[Thoracic Vertebrae]], 5 [[Lumbar Vertebrae]], 5 Fused Sacral Vertebrae and 4 Fused Coccygeal Vertebrae, whic
* Non-traumatic causes (16%) secondary to disease, infection and [[Congenital Spine Deformities|congenital]] defects.
29 KB (4,219 words) - 12:08, 2 February 2024
...ction more readily than other joints, such as the knees, hips, or thoracic spine."<ref>Cholewicki J, Breen A, Popovich Jr JM, Reeves NP, Sahrmann SA, Van Di
17 KB (2,411 words) - 18:56, 28 January 2023
...A, Ketenci A, Aksoy C. The efficiency of manual therapy and sacroiliac and lumbar exercises in patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction syndrome. Pain Phys
'''Area:''' Spine and peripheral joints.
18 KB (2,425 words) - 12:19, 24 July 2023
...d increased weight and retain a lordotic curve. The vertebral canal of the lumbar region houses the tail end of the spinal cord and the [[Cauda Equina Syndro
...ervertebral disc in order to keep the discs in position. Additionally, the lumbar region is supported by strong low back muscles, pelvic muscle,s an, abomina
45 KB (6,765 words) - 00:11, 30 June 2023
* [[Lumbar Spinal Stenosis]]
To ensure a thorough and complete [[Lumbar Assessment|assessment]] of a patient with Occupational low back pain (LBP),
29 KB (4,223 words) - 21:14, 9 January 2024
#Can joint mobilisations reduce pain and stiffness in the lumbar spine.
8 KB (1,113 words) - 12:54, 29 August 2022
...back with the dorsum of the hand resting in the region of the mid- lumbar spine. The dorsum of the hand is raised off the back by maintaining or increasing
7 KB (1,122 words) - 02:31, 2 February 2024
There are also three physiological curves that act to balance the human spine (see Figure 2):<ref name=":0" />
* Lumbar lordosis
22 KB (3,161 words) - 23:48, 18 December 2023
...s L, Milanese S, Grimmer-Somers K. Epidemiology of Adolescent Spinal Pain. Spine. 2007;32(23):2630-2637.</ref><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">, sitti
...g Pattern in a Danish Population-Based Sample of Children and Adolescents. Spine. 2001;26(17):1879-1883.</ref><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">. The s
50 KB (7,204 words) - 03:12, 31 May 2022
...eck are flexed together on the thorax with the head flexed on the cervical spine.
...are flexed together on the thorax without the head flexed on the cervical spine.<br>
29 KB (4,492 words) - 09:38, 15 October 2019
...ivided into four regions: Cervical (7 vertebrae), thoracic (12 vertebrae), lumbar (5 vertebrae), and sacral (5 vertebrae). <ref name="Francisco et al.">Franc
...th the single most common level affected being C5; thoracic level (35%); [[lumbar]] region (11%).
23 KB (3,353 words) - 02:16, 8 August 2023
[[File:LSS1.jpg|right|<ref>Bhave A. Modern Techniques in Spine Surgery. JP Medical Ltd; 2014 Nov 30.</ref>]]
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS)
72 KB (10,528 words) - 11:29, 14 October 2023
** The [[lumbar]] group originates from the two crura and the arcuate ligaments, which are
...r trochanter of femur.<ref>Physiopedia. [[Functional Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine and Abdominal Wall]]. </ref>
14 KB (1,985 words) - 11:10, 23 October 2023
...elieves that the additional pregnancy weight is pulling her upper thoracic spine and shoulders are being into a rounded position. When questioned about her
...ic/ Lumbar Extension: 18 degrees, some discomfort reported.<br>• Thoracic/ Lumbar Rotation: Right : 75 Left: 70
17 KB (2,619 words) - 00:52, 14 July 2019
...igue. Manual therapy will also be added to increase mobility of the lumbar spine and decrease the pain she is experiencing.
12 KB (1,833 words) - 11:02, 6 June 2017
'''Range of Motion and Power – Cervical Spine'''
...ted of upper limb neural stretches, maitland mobilisations of the cervical spine and a home programme of stretching and strengthening exercises. Throughou
21 KB (3,314 words) - 18:58, 11 April 2020
[[Category:Lumbar Spine - Outcome Measures]]
7 KB (1,018 words) - 16:40, 27 June 2023
...t al. Assesing health related quality of life in patients with sciatica. Spine. 1995;20:1899-1908.</ref><ref>McHorney C, Ware JE, Lu JFR, Sherbourne CD.
...arize the clinical outcomes for the cervical spine, shoulder joint, lumbar spine, knee joint and foot/ankle joints respectively (for each with episodes of c
35 KB (5,120 words) - 10:45, 15 April 2024
...y|hip joint]]<ref name=":8" />. It also acts as a stabilizer of the lumbar spine and pelvis<ref name=":11">Radiopedia Iliopsoas Available:https://radiopaedi
...ay reveal an anteriorly tilted pelvis and increased lordosis of the lumbar spine<ref name=":3" />.
27 KB (3,782 words) - 14:32, 16 August 2023
...echanics, sexual dimorphism, and causes of pain.] International journal of spine surgery. 2020 Feb 1;14(s1):S3-13.</ref>
...and function in the sacroiliac joint. Part 1: Clinical anatomical aspects. Spine 1990a; 15(2): 130-132</ref>.
19 KB (2,795 words) - 11:26, 18 August 2022
...validation of the Norwegian version of the Tampa scale for kinesiophobia.] Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Aug 1;33(17):E595-601. </ref>and Spanish.<ref>La Touc
...al clinically important changes for the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia after lumbar fusion during cognitive behavioral rehabilitation.] Eur J Phys Rehabil Med.
16 KB (2,206 words) - 12:32, 17 February 2023
...ih.gov/33290371/ Association Between Text Neck and Neck Pain in Adults]. ''Spine (Phila Pa 1976)''. 2021;46(9):571-578. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000003854</re
...the cervical region multifidus superficial layer Primal.png|thumb|Cervical spine]]
23 KB (3,167 words) - 21:06, 10 August 2023
...ternal lip of iliac crest, the outer surface of an anterior superior iliac spine, and the deep surface of fascia lata.<ref name=":0">Kendall, McCreary, Prov
...unders, 1992. p354-355</ref><ref>Hoppenfeld S. Physical Examination of the spine and Extremeities. London: Prentice-Hall International 1976.p167</ref>''' ==
16 KB (2,448 words) - 05:24, 10 April 2024
...is is described as an excessive antero-posterior curvature of the thoracic spine of greater than 40°.<ref name=":3">Fon GT, Pitt MJ, Thies Jr AC. Thoracic
...accepted thresholds for defining either hyperkyphosis or “normal” thoracic spine changes associated with aging<ref name=":0">Kado DM, Prenovost K, Crandall
23 KB (3,199 words) - 06:59, 30 April 2020
...not directly attached to the vertebrae, there is an epidural space in the spine. In the cranial dura mater, there are a few places where the meningeal lay
...f>Bess S, Line B. Embryology and anatomy: spine/spinal cord. InThe Growing Spine: Management of Spinal Disorders in Young Children 2022 Feb 3 (pp. 3-12). Ch
25 KB (3,756 words) - 23:48, 27 March 2024
...iscriminative validation of the STarT Back Screening Tool into Danish. Eur Spine J. 2011 Dec;20(12):2166-73. Epub 2011 Jul 19.
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
17 KB (2,476 words) - 11:36, 28 August 2023
...adiculopathy and results from lumbar disc herniation or spondylitis in the spine.<ref name=":8" />
14 KB (2,092 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...on form closure, force closure, and neuromotor control of the lumbopelvic spine and reported moderate evidence for the role of pelvic compression in influe
...e active straight leg raise test in posterior pelvic pain since pregnancy. Spine. 2001 May 15;26(10):1167-71.</ref>
29 KB (4,384 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...hat the leading reason to consult an ER for MSK pain includes cervical and lumbar regions. Emergency departments would benefit from an experienced physiother
** [[Canadian C-Spine Rule|Canadian Cervical Spine Rules]]
12 KB (1,611 words) - 13:16, 19 July 2019
|Dorsal aspect of the spine of the scapula
|Middle part of the spine of the scapula
19 KB (2,783 words) - 23:14, 3 January 2023
...ior vertebral defect only without a meningeal sac; location: lumbar-sacral spine; usually asymptomatic but can be associated with occult spinal dysraphism;
...into a meningeal sac; location: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and/or sacral spine; motor deficits are less likely than with myelomeningocele; structural brai
39 KB (5,855 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
'''The coccyx''' is the terminal bone of the spine. It is triangular and consists of three to five segments: the first and lar
* Ischial spine
28 KB (4,120 words) - 16:03, 24 July 2023
...ommonly occur in the lumbar regions but they can occur in all parts of the spine.<ref name=":0" />
...lus affects >90% of infants with MMC).<ref name=":1" /> MMC can also cause spine malformations, hydronephrosis, cardiac defects, and gastrointestinal anomal
13 KB (1,829 words) - 12:12, 13 May 2023
...lba. The deep abdominal muscles, together with the pelvic floor muscles, [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]], and [[Muscles of Respiration|diaphragm]], can be c
* The overall equilibrium of the spine and pelvis alters as the pregnancy progresses<ref>Inanir A, Cakmak B, Hisim
21 KB (3,104 words) - 11:46, 3 August 2022
...inflammatory, sero-negative arthritic condition that typically affects the spine and the sacroilliac (SI) joints. Common clinical presentations of this dise
Common sites include the costochondral joints, the iliac-spine, lumbar spinous process, and achilles tendon. <ref>Heuft-Dorenbosch L., Spoorenberg
36 KB (5,296 words) - 20:03, 27 February 2023
=== Exclude Cx spine ===
...l therapy approach to evaluation and treatment of a patient with a chronic lumbar nerve root irritation. Physical therapy. 1994 Jun 1;74(6):548-60.</ref>
14 KB (1,971 words) - 22:55, 9 November 2023
...vicis|semispinalis cervicis]], [[Rotatores Muscles|rotatores]] cervicis, [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]] (these are also known as deep neck extensors)
...ervical flexion exercise versus passive mobilisation of the upper cervical spine on pain and performance on the cranio-cervical flexion test. Manual therapy
22 KB (3,160 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...pain. The safety and the contraindications of manipulation of the cervical spine were deeply analysed in the last decades, in order to proof the High Veloci
== Anatomy of Cervical Spine ==
36 KB (5,235 words) - 12:52, 15 February 2023
...ing [[Low Back Pain Related to Hyperlordosis|hyperlordosis]] of the lumbar spine.
9 KB (1,380 words) - 20:44, 20 January 2024
...istive exercises targeting the extensor muscles of the thoracic and lumbar spine and hip can have a positive effect on preserved pain and level of disabilit
Many of these exercises involve moving through various postures, with the spine moving between flexion, extension, rotation, and side-bending, with postura
24 KB (3,321 words) - 07:53, 11 February 2023
Any space-occupying lesion within the cervical spine with the potential to compress the spinal cord can cause cervical myelopath
...ef name="Cramer">Cramer GD and Darby SA. Basic and Clinical Anatomy of the Spine, Spinal Cord, and ANS. 2nd Edition. Elsevier 2008.</ref> The spinal cord is
30 KB (4,201 words) - 11:40, 15 November 2023
Ventral surface of lumbar vertebrae
|Ventral branches of lumbar spinal nerves
16 KB (2,333 words) - 01:03, 19 October 2022
* Pars interarticularis of the lumbar spine, see [[Lumbar Spondylolysis in Extension Related Sport]]
15 KB (2,064 words) - 07:07, 12 December 2022
The TFL originates from the [[Pelvic Landmarks|anterior superior iliac spine]] (ASIS) and anterior aspect of the [[Ilium|iliac]] crest. It descends betw
...atae is innervated by superior gluteal [[Neurone|nerve]], originating from lumbar nerve 4, 5, and first sacral nerve(L4-S1) roots. It also innervates [[Glute
9 KB (1,510 words) - 06:02, 30 January 2024
...vical Anatomy|cervical anatomy]] or more pages on the [[:Category:Cervical Spine - Anatomy|cervical anatomy category]] to understand more of the relevant an
...Forward Head Posture|forward head posture]] and hyperkyphosis and increase lumbar lordosis to compensate for the postural change.
8 KB (1,138 words) - 07:21, 13 October 2023
|Anterior superior iliac spine
|Lumbar vertebrae 1-5
18 KB (2,462 words) - 21:40, 3 October 2023
...ulation(4). To accurately assess axial status (cervical, dorsal and lumbar spine, hips and pelvic soft tissue) of individuals with AS and from these derive
...mposed of five mobility tests; Cervical rotation, Tragus to wall distance, Lumbar side flexion, Modified Schober’s, Intermalleolar distance.
23 KB (3,480 words) - 12:25, 1 June 2021
...lated pain:<ref name=":0">Van der Walt A. Managing Disorders of the Canine Spine Course. Plus , 2021.</ref>
...t to note that these changes can also be due to pathologies outside of the spine, such as brain tumours and mid-thoracic pathology
22 KB (3,220 words) - 02:40, 18 October 2022
* Lumbar spine or muscle
* [[Sacroiliac Joint Syndrome|Sacroiliac joint pain]]: No history of lumbar spinal issues, tenderness over the sacroiliac joint, no tenderness above L5
14 KB (1,922 words) - 11:25, 24 July 2023
Low back pain (LBP) - pain of the lumbar and sacral spine, may result from a myriad causes. It is termed chronic when [https://www.ph
...MC, Kim TU, Lee GW. Diagnostic modality in spine disease: A Review. Asian Spine Journal. 2020;14(6):910–20. doi:10.31616/asj.2020.0593</ref> Currently, f
37 KB (5,520 words) - 16:17, 11 October 2023
...my T4-T5 segment]. Janda noted that these focal areas of stress within the spine correspond to transitional zones in which neighboring vertebrae change in m
...ehabilitation on the muscles of the trunk following prolonged bed rest.Eur Spine J. 2011 May; 20(5):808-18.
35 KB (5,117 words) - 17:46, 11 March 2024
...se changes, the amputee may face biomechanical changes including increased lumbar side flexion that could put pressure through joints and tissues, potentiall
...Norris CM. Spinal stabilisation: 3. Stabilisation mechanisms of the lumbar spine. Physiotherapy. 1995 Feb 28;81(2):72-9.</ref><span style="line-height: 1.5e
37 KB (5,487 words) - 15:30, 6 June 2017
...er kinematic chain ([[Core Stability|core]], [[Lumbar Assessment|lumbar]] spine, [[Hip Anatomy|hip]], [[knee]], [[Ankle and Foot|ankle]]) gets a problem it
14 KB (2,030 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...s for back pain: the demonstration of nerve fibers and neuropeptides in the lumbar facet joint capsule but not in ligamentum flavum. J Orthop Res. 1992;10(1
...ntous, capsular and intervertebral disc structures in thefckLRhuman lumbar spine. Acta Orthop Scand. 1963; 33:1–17.</ref> suggested the presence of fine
22 KB (3,231 words) - 03:35, 31 July 2023
..., Muttooty JP, Eraker S, Romeo J. Primary Care Physicians ’ Use of Lumbar Spine. Journal of General Internal Medicine.3-9.</ref><ref>Carey TS, Garrett J, B
...RACTICE GUIDELINE FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ( CT ) OF THE SPINE. Diagnostic Imaging, 1-7. 2011</ref><sup></sup>
15 KB (2,244 words) - 21:58, 11 November 2022
...elines for patients with acute low back pain: a randomized clinical trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2003, 28:1363–1371</ref>. However, currently there
#*O'Sullivan Classification System (OCS)<ref>O'Sullivan PB: Lumbar segmental 'instability': clinical presentation and specific stabilizing exe
16 KB (2,253 words) - 19:52, 21 June 2023
...ted as a cause of posterior knee pain. The patellofemoral joint and lumbar spine may both refer pain to the posterior knee. Pain can also be caused by entra
...down in a diagonal plane while keeping stance leg straight and maintaining lumbar lordosis.<br>It can be performed without (early) weights and progressed by
18 KB (2,693 words) - 01:28, 29 August 2019
...ih.gov/16550446/ European guidelines for prevention in low back pain.] Eur Spine J. 2006 Mar;15 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S136-68. </ref>
...chosocial predictors of outcome in acute and subchronic low back trouble.] Spine. 1995 Mar 15;20(6):722-8.</ref> Non-specific low back pain affects approxim
61 KB (8,853 words) - 12:53, 26 June 2023
* The remaining 20% of VFs may involve '''complex''' fractures of the spine. <ref name=":2" />
...tic):{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LILgFAEMAbg|width}}<ref>Spine live. Spinal compression fractures reasons. Available from: https://www.you
30 KB (4,259 words) - 19:40, 11 February 2024
...eline,p ublished in30 November 2016] and updated in December 2020 , the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lower back]] can be defined as the area between the 12th ribs and t
...idelines for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain. European Spine Journal, 15, s192-s300.</ref>
35 KB (4,943 words) - 14:36, 26 April 2023
* Joint mobilisations of the lumbar spine, [[sacrum]], and / or hips
...500x500px|Note the interconnected relationship of the pelvis to the lumbar spine and hips.]]
21 KB (2,985 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
The Arthritis and Rheumatism Council state that “the joints and spine need to be both stable and supple to support the body and carry out a wide
# [[Osteoarthritis]] and [[Lumbar Compression Fracture|back pain]]
10 KB (1,391 words) - 13:23, 25 February 2022
...sacralis<ref name=":0" />. The posterior tibial nerve is derived from the lumbar-sacral nerves (L4-S3), which control the bladder detrusor, and are located
...travel to the sacral nerve plexus, the group of nerves at the base of the spine responsible for bladder function.
9 KB (1,310 words) - 10:55, 24 May 2022
...to free sitting. It assess control proximally from the head to the lumbar spine, and measures static control, active / anticipatory control, and reactive c
11 KB (1,458 words) - 10:32, 8 November 2023
...tic Injections to Evaluate Sacroiliac Joint Pain. International Journal of Spine Surgery. 2020 Feb 1;14(s1):S30-4.</ref> Borowsky and Fagen (2008)<ref name
...le/10.1186/s12998-018-0207-x Diagnostic accuracy of diagnostic imaging for lumbar disc herniation in adults with low back pain or sciatica is unknown; a syst
26 KB (3,789 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...y. As a result of stiffening, a fixed hyperlordosis develops in the lumbar spine that remains evident in supine lying but relaxes during sleep.<ref name="Ha
10 KB (1,351 words) - 17:07, 18 May 2023
...of physical therapy, PF physical therapist will also look at the patient’s spine, [[Sacroiliac Joint|sacroiliac joints]], [[Hip|hip joints]], rib cage and a
* Joint mobilization for: hips, coccyx, lumbar or thoracic spine
14 KB (1,901 words) - 15:14, 26 November 2023
*ROM is full for B/L Hip, UE and lumbar spine.
*MMT reveals 4+ power for UE and spine.
8 KB (1,219 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...; however, conditions involving the lower extremities and feet, as well as spine and back are common<ref name=":1" />.WMSDs do not include conditions caused
...rial to prevent patient lift and transfer injuries of health care workers. Spine. 2001.;26 (16) 1739-1746.</ref>
15 KB (2,024 words) - 11:33, 18 July 2023
[[Category:Lumbar Spine - Outcome Measures]]
10 KB (1,468 words) - 12:40, 20 January 2022
...therapy] can be used to control several biomechanical abnormalities of the spine, sacro-illiacal joint and various muscle imbalances. They are often used to
| colspan="0" |Lumbar radiculopathy
16 KB (2,212 words) - 18:25, 9 January 2024
...back pain (if the vertebrae are involved and range of motion of the lumbar spine may be decreased and painful)
...s in adults usually affects the vertebral column, in particular the lumbar spine, the sacrum, and the pelvis.
20 KB (2,793 words) - 16:16, 19 January 2022
...k-Huch RA, von Schulthess GK (eds.). Diseases of the Brain, Head and Neck, Spine 2020–2023: Diagnostic Imaging . IDKD Springer Series. Cham, Switzerland:
...gs in aquaporin-4 antibody positive neuromyelitis optica: results from 211 lumbar punctures. Journal of the neurological sciences. 2011 Jul 15;306(1-2):82-90
12 KB (1,641 words) - 13:41, 18 February 2023
# Flexion, extension and rotation of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine
# The spine should be in a neutral position so that the head, chest, and hips stack on
12 KB (1,678 words) - 13:40, 28 February 2023
...hakir A, Segal A, Shofer J, Czerniecki JM. The relationship between lumbar spine kinematics during gait and low-back pain in transfemoral amputees. American
...hakir A, Segal A, Shofer J, Czerniecki JM. The relationship between lumbar spine kinematics during gait and low-back pain in transfemoral amputees. 2010;89:
39 KB (5,760 words) - 22:30, 16 August 2020
...ng airways, breathing, circulation and restricting further movement of the spine. The principle of pre-hospital management of spinal cord injury is to limit
...y using the [[Canadian C-Spine Rule|Canadian C‑Spine Rule]] or thoracic or lumbar injury. <ref name=":0" />
46 KB (6,470 words) - 04:02, 14 June 2022
During respiration, there is a need for stabilized cervical and thoracic spine in order for other muscles to act, moving the ribs up or down. In case of i
The thoracic spine and the interconnected muscles are responsible for normal inspiration and e
23 KB (3,308 words) - 17:13, 29 June 2023
...ing the effectiveness of [[Manual Therapy|manual therapy]] on the thoracic spine may improve patient’s symptoms when suffering from thoracic and/or referr
There are various common disorders in the thoracic spine, the most common;
46 KB (6,453 words) - 13:01, 1 March 2022
* further injury to the spine
* hip flexion to be done with knee flexion – avoid lumbar or lower thoracic movement if lesion low.
10 KB (1,547 words) - 07:47, 4 November 2022
...der affecting a network of nerves in the [[Brachial Plexus|brachial]] or [[Lumbar Plexus|lumbosacral]] plexus, resulting in pain and loss of motor control).
...ths after treatment and are not as common. Radiation to the cervical spine may result in subacute [[myelopathy]] (Lhermitte's sign). Radiation t
17 KB (2,384 words) - 18:59, 8 March 2024
* Lumbar [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]]
* General TA training in neutral spine and functional tasks
22 KB (3,106 words) - 23:04, 6 August 2023
Thoracic spine
...uscle soreness ([[Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)|DOMS]])); muscle or spine-related neuromuscular disorder; severity grade (minor partial, moderate, su
27 KB (3,829 words) - 10:53, 13 July 2023
|Inferior portion of the anterior inferior iliac spine
...ve your fingers two finger pads down to locate the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
36 KB (5,252 words) - 16:04, 24 July 2023
...ngagement of muscles. Incorrect alignment of the foot, ankle, leg, hip and spine can cause the dancer to try to force movements, potentially leading to an o
## A sway back posture, or lumbar hyperlordosis, combined with slightly flexed knees can cause an anterior pe
16 KB (2,329 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
...anipulation and two types of exercise for patients with chronic neck pain. Spine 2002;27:2383-
...lled trial of exercise and manipulative therapy for cervicogenic headache. Spine 2002;27(17):1835-43.
31 KB (4,320 words) - 11:21, 18 August 2022
...ure range of motion in some specific parts of the body. For example lumbar spine flexion can be assessed with a tape measure in the [[Schober Test]].
12 KB (1,769 words) - 21:20, 23 March 2024
|Intercondylar tibial spine
RF: anterior inferior iliac spine and the ilium of the pelvis
31 KB (4,601 words) - 11:28, 3 June 2023
...ch as [[Diaphragm Anatomy and Differential Diagnosis|diaphragm]], lumbar [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]], [[Transversus Abdominis|transversus abdominis]], p
...ercises were performed with concentric and eccentric contraction of trunk, spine, upper and lower limb muscles in all planes of movement. Each exercise was
20 KB (2,989 words) - 15:48, 25 December 2023
...Egypt from around 3000 BC describes [[paraplegia]] following injury to the spine.
* Paul of Aegina (AD 625–690) uses a windlass for spine dislocation and suggests [[laminectomy]].
26 KB (3,756 words) - 05:18, 5 August 2022
...althcare advice that emphasises structural/anatomical vulnerability of the spine from radiographic imaging, resulted in patients having greater reported dis
|Lumbar dysfunction/ disc bulge
17 KB (2,421 words) - 15:00, 9 February 2024
...ondroblastoma also occurs in the acetabular region of the pelvis, scapula, spine, and ribs. It can also occur in the patella, tarsal bones, and occasionally
...ed to treat it. Recurrence is most common in tumours of the hip and lumbar spine<ref name="Ramappa">Ramappa A, Lee F, Tang P, Carlson J, Gebhardt M, Mankin
15 KB (2,196 words) - 08:01, 31 July 2020
...rtebral bodies of L1 to L3.<ref>Xuan D. Functional Anatomy of the Thoracic Spine and Rib Cage. Plus Course 2023</ref> Its primary function is in respiration
...tructive lung condition or in response to postural changes in the thoracic spine. <ref>Ahmad AM, Kamel KM, Mohammed RG. Effect of forward head posture on di
20 KB (2,939 words) - 03:19, 9 November 2023
...ps]], and do a [[Neurological Assessment|neurological examination]] of the spine.<ref name=":0" />
.... For these patients, an assessment of the [[Thoracic Examination|thoracic spine]] and [[Ribs|rib]] mobility would be indicated.<ref name=":0" />
30 KB (4,286 words) - 07:00, 30 January 2023
...indirectly negatively affect motor control of all muscles surrounding the spine. It is recommended that patients with non-specific neck pain should perform
#* Inspiration lengthens the spine, facilitates lumbopelvic movements, and activates core muscles. It has also
19 KB (2,612 words) - 19:31, 8 February 2024
...lower extremities. The muscles evaluated represent the major cervical and lumbar myotomes.
..., De Jesus O. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562204/ Thoracolumbar spine fracture]. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Aug 30. StatPearls Publishing.</ref
30 KB (4,567 words) - 00:08, 31 July 2023
...iofibular joint, and surrounding soft tissue. Mobilisations to the lumbar spine, hip, and ankle were also applied as required.
12 KB (1,739 words) - 13:47, 10 February 2024
...ight. His alignment shows excessive thoracal kyphosis, his neck and lumbar spine ROM is decreased. His shoulders crepitate and are painful to movement (VAS:
9 KB (1,416 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...ed with [[arthritis]], notably arthritis of the [[Spondyloarthritis|lumbar spine]] and [[Sacroiliac Joint Syndrome|sacroiliac joints]]. Though arthritis usu
12 KB (1,778 words) - 16:43, 9 September 2023
...on of the hips in prone lying is associated with posterior pelvic tilt and lumbar flexion. The body weight is distributed across the head, chest and LEs.
...sitting, the neck and trunk are flexed, producing a C-shaped curve of the spine.
12 KB (1,982 words) - 23:08, 18 January 2023
...s, intervertebral foramina, and intervertebral discs ofthe cervical spine. Spine. 2000 February; 25(3): 286-291</ref> used a surgical microscope to do an an
...e="Bogduk">Bogduk N. Twomey CT. Clinically Relevant Anatomy for the Lumbar Spine. 2ed. Edinburgh UK: Churchill Livingston. 1991</ref>. Reported prevale
40 KB (5,769 words) - 11:33, 15 November 2023
* Snapping at the [[Pelvic Landmarks|anterior inferior iliac spine]].<ref name=":0" />
...o shares its attachment to the thoracolumbar fascia with the ipsilateral [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]] and contralateral [[Latissimus Dorsi Muscle|latissi
30 KB (4,210 words) - 18:26, 9 January 2024
...the hip is advantageous due to its proximity to the ilium, sacrum, lumbar spine, and assorted muscle and soft tissues. It is highly recommended that multip
14 KB (1,994 words) - 20:50, 2 January 2024
...scomfort had a reduced sacral inclination (by approximately 5°). The "knee-spine syndrome" was the name given to this pathological condition.<ref>Petersen W
16 KB (2,291 words) - 15:34, 19 October 2023
...iratory pump and attaches onto the lower six ribs, xiphoid process and the lumbar vertebral column. Hodges et al (2007) stated that as the diaphragm has an i
...les to function and there is a need for a stabilised cervical and thoracic spine to assist movement of the ribs during inspiration and expiration. The diaph
76 KB (10,525 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
* Lumbar spine mobility is greater in children than in adults.
...alues_for_active_lumbar_range_of_motion.9.aspx Normative values for active lumbar range of motion in children.] Pediatr Phys Ther. 2007 Fall;19(3):236-44.</r
39 KB (5,617 words) - 17:35, 1 May 2024
...aser Spine Institute (n.d.). Guide to a Ventral Nerve Root. [online] Laser Spine Institute. Available at: <nowiki>https://www.laserspineinstitute.com/back_p
...[Accessed 20 May 2018].</ref>. The procedure involves dividing some of the lumbar sensory nerve roots in order to reduce the sensory input to the sensory–m
23 KB (3,256 words) - 20:19, 5 April 2023
[[Category:Lumbar Spine - Special Tests]]
13 KB (1,855 words) - 15:02, 25 March 2024
* Mobilization of pelvis, lumbar region, and hip joints
* Unstable spine or joints including unstable internal hardware
19 KB (2,612 words) - 12:24, 21 August 2023
* Limitation in the flexibility of the lumbar spine
!A patient must have an inflammatory articular disease (joint, spine or entheseal) PLUS fulfil three or more of the following five categories:
21 KB (2,905 words) - 00:25, 24 October 2023
...gnitude (≈ 0.3 g), and high cumulative dose (≈ 7000 min) to improve lumbar spine area of bone mineral density (aBMD) in postmenopausal women.
12 KB (1,648 words) - 20:07, 26 March 2024
*Previously associated lumbar spine abnormalities. Kicking and executing [[Abdominal Muscles|abdominal]] streng
...osterior cruciate ligament, apophysitis-pain in ischial tuberosity, Lumbar spine disorders and lesions of the upper tibiofibular joint. <ref name="Bryan et
37 KB (5,289 words) - 21:20, 9 January 2024
...mass and power in the [[Abdominal Muscles|abdominal]] and [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] muscles suggesting better outcomes in these patients with an early introd
...y regaining strength, mobility, and independence.eg helps maintain hip and spine ROM and strength (areas of negative impact from treatments).
21 KB (2,979 words) - 17:15, 17 January 2023
...hose with control deficiencies (e.g. sitting with a collapse of the lumbar spine). The authors proposed new terminology: Controlled Closed Kinetic Chain (CC
15 KB (2,282 words) - 12:47, 12 December 2022
