**[[Oswestry Disability Index|Oswestry Disability Index]]
**[[Rolland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire|Rolland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire]]
2 KB (219 words) - 12:02, 20 November 2023
...ache, and its treatment on daily living. The Headache Disability Inventory/Index designed by Dr. Jacobson GP, Ramadan NM, et al.
[[Category:Outcome Measures]] [[Category:Pain]]
1 KB (150 words) - 17:22, 13 April 2022
...https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00586-019-06279-5#Sec7 Low back pain: critical assessment of various scales.] European Spine Journal. 2020 Mar;2
...api-trust.org/instruments/oswestry-disability-index Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire]
8 KB (1,122 words) - 22:13, 30 July 2023
...ate outcome and to monitor symptoms in patients with acute or chronic neck pain over time. It was developed at Northwick Park Hospital in Middlesex England
...e Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire, devised to measure neck pain and disability.] Rheumatology. 1994 May 1;33(5):469-74.</ref>.
6 KB (847 words) - 00:48, 11 August 2023
...ng the use of the upper extremities. The pain subscale has 5-items and the Disability subscale has 8-items.
...gsiridej N, Lertratanakul Y. Development of a Shoulder Pain and Disability Index. Arthritis Care Res 1991; 4: 143–9.</ref> was published in 1991 and h
5 KB (672 words) - 13:02, 1 March 2022
...ports (sports activity subscale). The lower the percentage, the higher the disability.
...down into two categories (ADLs and sport activities) that rates perceived disability with 5 being "no difficulty" and 0 being "unable to perform".<ref name="p1"
3 KB (386 words) - 20:55, 7 April 2020
...The NPAD is a validated measure to evaluate outcomes in patients with neck pain. It is easy to complete for the patients themselves, and easy to score for
...s a 20-item measure that was specifically developed for patients with neck pain.<ref name="p2" /><br><br>Blozik E. et al. found that patients who were clas
9 KB (1,331 words) - 22:23, 13 September 2019
...ation of the [[Oswestry Disability Index|Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index]]).
...condition-specific functional status questionnaire with 10 items including pain, personal care, lifting, reading, headaches, concentration, work, driving,
11 KB (1,767 words) - 11:43, 15 November 2023
...Jay Hertel†. Reliability and Sensitivity of the Foot and Ankle Disability Index in Subjects With Chronic Ankle Instability. Journal of Athletic Training 20
...pt for an additional 5 items found on the FADI. Four of these items assess pain, and the fifth item evaluates an individual’s ability to sleep. Thes
6 KB (884 words) - 23:14, 29 August 2019
...M, Fairbank J. The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. Spine 2000;25(24):3115-24</ref>
...Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire compared to the Oswestry Disability Index: a systematic review]. Physical Therapy Reviews, Volume 14, Number 6, Decem
7 KB (1,094 words) - 11:03, 29 November 2022
...TIA, J. R. & MCELDUFF, P. 2011. An examination of outcome measures for pain and dysfunction in the cervical spine: a factor analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1
...C., MOSDAL, C. & HINDSBERGER, C. 1998. The Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale: a study of reliability and validity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 21
10 KB (1,458 words) - 23:34, 4 August 2019
...patient-specific functional scale (PSFS) in order to assess and treat back pain efficiently.
...onal scale with Roland Morris disbility questionnaire, Oswestry disability index, and short form 36-health survey. Spine. 2018 Jun 15:43(12):877-82</ref>.
9 KB (1,307 words) - 13:56, 14 December 2022
The Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI) measures health related quality of life factors in various parts o
...be classified as 'generic', since it it assesses the dimensions of death, disability, drug side effects, discomfort, and economic costs. <ref name=":0" />
9 KB (1,415 words) - 12:32, 21 September 2023
..., Binkley J. [https://utpjournals.press/doi/10.3138/ptc.47.4.258 Assessing disability and change on individual patients: a report of a patient specific measure].
...ome_measures_in_chronic_low_back_pain Outcome measures in chronic low back pain.] European Spine Journal. 2010 Sep 1;19(9):1484-94.</ref>
7 KB (965 words) - 13:07, 13 September 2021
...d Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale]. Physical Therapy 2001; 81: 776-788. (level of evidence: 2B)</ref>
...e Reliability and validity of the Dutch adaptation of the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale]. Phys Ther. 1996 Mar;76(3):268-75. doi: 10.1093/ptj/76.3.268. (level
13 KB (1,920 words) - 10:56, 29 November 2022
...ol. 1991;44:561–570. (level of evidence B)</ref> It is a self-administered index consisting of 23 items divided into 3 sub-scales. Both total and sub-scale
...BJ, SooHoo NF, Stroud CC, Thordarson DB: Reliability of the foot function index: a report of the AOFAS outcomes committee. Foot Ankle Int 2005, 26:962-967.
12 KB (1,781 words) - 22:18, 25 August 2019
[[File:3D model expressing hip pain.jpg|thumb|Hip Pain]]
...ssbo M, Roos EM. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC161815/ Hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS)--validity and responsiveness in tot
9 KB (1,330 words) - 14:50, 19 January 2024
<br>The Mayo Elbow Performance score (MEPS) or Mayo Elbow Performance Index<ref name=":0">Longo UG, Franceschi F, Loppini M, Maffulli N, Denaro V. [htt
# Pain,
7 KB (992 words) - 14:54, 10 January 2022
...(SOR) on craniovertebral angle, cervical range of motion and chronic neck pain in medical students with upper cross syndrome at the end of 6 weeks: A comp
== Craniovertebral Angle and Neck Pain ==
5 KB (743 words) - 10:28, 2 November 2021
...JM. Some Factors Predict Short-Term Outcomes in Individuals with Shoulder Pain Receiving Cervicothoracic Manipulation: A Single-Arm Trial. Phys Ther.2010;
...ng five criteria are considered predictors of improved short term shoulder pain prognosis following cervicothoracic manipulation: <ref name="Mintken" />
6 KB (694 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
*[[Anterior Knee Pain|Anterior knee pain]]
*[[Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)|Complex Regional Pain Syndrome]]
11 KB (1,341 words) - 18:21, 7 December 2023
...(SPADI) for condition-specific PROMs, that assesses shoulder stiffness and pain of unspecified origin.
...category includes individualised instruments such as the Patient Generated Index (PGI), Patient Specific Function Scale (PSFS) or the Measure Yourself Medic
7 KB (953 words) - 19:12, 31 August 2022
...wiki> 2011;92:1146-1152. </ref> The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) Index is a questionnaire that was purposely developed to help understand the part
the WORC Index, is a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire, evaluating the change
12 KB (1,773 words) - 13:25, 30 September 2022
...n related foot disability measure, the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI), as a template for item generation and content. The MFPDI is also a
...ire consisting of three domains/scales: 'Walking/standing' (seven items), 'Pain' (five items) and 'Social interaction' (four items) each having good measur
8 KB (1,172 words) - 22:29, 25 August 2019
*Reduces pain and tension in muscles and joints
...orld Health Organisation. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF–CY), 2007.</ref>.
4 KB (544 words) - 16:36, 26 September 2023
...sfunction on Health Related Quality of Life of Nigerian stroke survivors.] Disability and Rehabilitation 2017; 39(20):2081-2086</ref> and their sexual quality of
...participation restrictions. [[International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)]].
8 KB (1,104 words) - 21:34, 29 August 2023
...ated disability, using the [[Oswestry Disability Index|Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)]] and has been reclassified by the SBST as Low risk. This case repres
...back pain, which was cramping in nature and rated at 4/10 on the [[Numeric Pain Rating Scale|Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)]] with occasional radiation into
11 KB (1,649 words) - 11:20, 18 August 2022
A patient-reported scale of shoulder dislocation/subluxation events, and pain. it is used for assessing outcomes of shoulder surgery for conditions assoc
...of Oxford instability shoulder score, Western Ontario shoulder instability index and Euroqol in patients with SLAP (superior labral anterior posterior) lesi
2 KB (312 words) - 10:21, 10 January 2023
== Pain Phases ==
...mportant to recognise the differences between acute and persistent/chronic pain and the implications for assessment and management of the patient:
9 KB (1,215 words) - 03:43, 31 July 2023
...st Isometric Relaxation (PIR)<ref name=":1">Lewit K, Simons DG. Myofascial pain: relief by post-isometric relaxation. Archives of Physical medicine and reh
...on Stretching (PFS)<ref name=":2">Janda, V. 1988. Muscles and Cervicogenic Pain Syndromes. In Physical Therapy of the Cervical and Thoracic Spine, ed. R. G
12 KB (1,802 words) - 10:28, 13 April 2022
...and move around in the joint, and can result into catching and subsequent pain. These defects does not heal as with bone, but are instead filled with scar
* Pain in the joint
7 KB (921 words) - 00:28, 26 January 2020
...d to assess outcomes in any health care context cover domains (for example pain, physical function, perceived independence) that are relatively specific an
...re and Function Domain of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, none of the measures for tone or cardiovascular function could
27 KB (3,157 words) - 16:30, 1 March 2022
...[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19563667?dopt=Abstract Thoracic spine pain in the general population: prevalence, incidence and associated factors in
...of many factors eg the different definitions and duration of thoracic back pain included.
7 KB (983 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
...was developed to assess pain in patients suffering from non specific neck pain (The Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire).
...t also takes the affective and cognitive aspects of neck pain and low back pain in account.
10 KB (1,511 words) - 00:27, 26 January 2020
...//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1313776/ General practitioners miss disability and anxiety as well as depression in their patients with osteoarthritis]. B
...causing progressive loss of the normal load-bearing surfaces with pain and disability.
14 KB (1,834 words) - 03:25, 3 September 2023
...(SI) joints, and a common cause of buttocks or [[Low Back Pain|lower back pain]]. Inflammation of the [[Sacroiliac Joint|sacroiliac joint]] may occur seco
...ditions result in the inflammation of the SI joint, leading to significant pain.
16 KB (2,222 words) - 07:45, 3 September 2023
== Chronic Pain ==
...ts relationship with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)]. Journal of pain research. 2019;12:2487.</ref>
10 KB (1,409 words) - 22:32, 22 January 2023
...and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Lequesne Index of Severity for Osteoarthritis of the Hip (LISOH), and American Academy of
...ere are ten items covering four domains. The domains are [[Pain Behaviours|pain]], function, absence of deformity, and [[Range of Motion|range of motion]]<
6 KB (876 words) - 14:03, 11 January 2024
...rs Gunnar Johnsen. "Evaluation of the EQ-5D-3L and 5L versions in low back pain patients." ''Health and Quality of Life Outcomes'' 19, no. 1 (2021): 1-9.</
...ty, capacity for self-care, conduct of usual activities, [[Pain Behaviours|pain]]/discomfort and anxiety/[[depression]], ordered as such.
7 KB (966 words) - 18:15, 31 August 2021
4) Bodily pain
...in the same 36 questions and answers only differing slightly in the bodily pain and general health domains<ref name=":2">Laucis N, Hays R, Bhattacharyya T.
9 KB (1,328 words) - 07:31, 4 January 2024
*# [https://physio-pedia.com/DASH_Outcome_Measure Disability of the Arm and Hand]
*# [[Oswestry Disability Index]]
7 KB (944 words) - 20:27, 8 January 2021
...emale that reports to your clinic with complaints of low back pain and leg pain. She is a full time teacher at a local high school. She has history of hype
...she can't afford to miss anymore school so it's important that she get her pain resolved as quickly as possible. She says that she is still fatigued but at
11 KB (1,604 words) - 00:31, 12 March 2018
[[File:Shoulder pain.jpg|thumb]]
...monstrates that thoracic spinal manipulation yields a decrease in shoulder pain and overall improvements in function of the shoulder.<ref>Haik MN, Alburque
7 KB (993 words) - 18:52, 17 January 2024
...s, Perry, N.; Turk, Dennis C. 2007 The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: Scientific advances and future directionsfckLR Psychological Bulletin, Vol
...mponents comprising the experience of [[Chronic pain and the brain|chronic pain]].
10 KB (1,395 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...nd on the FADI. Four ‘pain-related’ items of the Foot and Ankle Disability Index and the ability of an individual to sleep are deleted. The Sports subscale
...1-2474-8-6.</ref>(level 1) concluded that the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php5?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Disability_Index FADI] and FAAM were the most app
11 KB (1,628 words) - 23:14, 29 August 2019
...Is forward head posture relevant to cervical muscles performance and neck pain? A case–control study.] Brazilian journal of physical therapy. 2019 Jul 1
Most commonly neck pain arises from poor posture on the bike or a poor bike fit. This includes[[Fil
8 KB (1,232 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
* Musculoskeletal disorders: Fractures, Sarcopenia, Decreased ROM, Back Pain, etc.
* [[Neck Disability Index]]
5 KB (802 words) - 17:45, 3 January 2022
...ree months. Exercise appears to be more effective than ultrasonography for pain relief. Combining ultrasonography with deep transverse friction massage or
...Hand (QuickDASH) outcome measure, and the Modified Mayo Clinic Performance Index (MMCPI) for the elbow. The ultrasonographic findings regarding the extensor
5 KB (685 words) - 23:15, 4 August 2019
...the level of the spinal nerve root. The result is pain (known as radicular pain), weakness in limbs, numbness/paresthesia, and difficulty in controlling sp
...root impingement in the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine may result in pain and weakness in the forearm. Similarly, an impingement in the [[lumbar]] r
16 KB (2,204 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...) is a joint-specific, patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess disability in patients undergoing [[Total Hip Replacement|total hip replacement]] (THR
Its' primary goal during development was to assess [[Pain Mechanisms|pain]] and function in patients undergoing joint replacement surgery. In additio
11 KB (1,577 words) - 14:06, 11 January 2024
...1994. (level of evidence 1A)</ref>. However the usual presentation is back pain (over 90% of patients) and possibly fever (under 20% of patients). Patients
*Pain on heelstrike, impactation and percussion
11 KB (1,548 words) - 23:24, 26 November 2022
...2-41.</ref> Their presence in clients receiving physiotherapy for low back pain may be of significance when discussing prognosis and benefits of exercise t
...s an independent risk factor for episodes of severe and disabling low back pain. Spine. 2015 Aug 1;40(15):1187-93.</ref>
11 KB (1,638 words) - 02:45, 15 October 2019
...th and Conditioning|strength]] training alone if the goal is to reduce ADL disability in older adults.<ref>Liu CJ, Shiroy DM, Jones LY, Clark DO. [https://eurapa
...ip strength, and improving subjective parameters such as [[Pain Assessment|pain]] intensity, self-reported well-being, and mobility. <ref>Zasadzka E, Kropi
14 KB (2,045 words) - 17:56, 17 March 2023
...CJ, Lourie GM. [https://doi.org/10.1053/jhsu.1999.1327 Sesamoiditis of the index finger presenting as acute suppurative flexor tenosynovitis.] Journal of Ha
...ling</u>, which results in problems with the movement of the hallux . This pain can be a <u>dull aching type</u> or a <u>sharp throbbing type</u>. This cau
9 KB (1,317 words) - 09:52, 14 August 2018
...rtial or complete detachment of the fragment. The defects cause deep ankle pain associated with weightbearing. Impaired function, limited range of motion,
...0-40-1-35.pdf Reliability and Sensitivity of the Foot and Ankle Disability Index in Subjects With Chronic Ankle Instability.] J Athl Train. 2005 Mar;40(1):3
11 KB (1,705 words) - 21:36, 4 August 2022
...n]] as part of the [http://members.physio-pedia.com Physiopedia Plus] neck pain course.
...o?view=chart</nowiki>.</ref> limitations and difficulties of treating neck pain in the Caribbean.
21 KB (3,314 words) - 18:58, 11 April 2020
...nce of 1%<ref>Wong CA. Neurologic deficits and labor analgesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2004.29: 341-51. Available from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/
...neurological problems. Continuing Education on Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain. 2013;13:2,63-66. Available from https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/
9 KB (1,269 words) - 11:09, 22 August 2022
* Pain <ref>Orthoinfo [https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/chronic-
...sio MF, Agrawal DK. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5489872/ Pain and the pathogenesis of biceps tendinopathy]. American journal of translati
11 KB (1,523 words) - 02:20, 9 January 2023
...but ½ of the patients with acute WAD go on to develop chronic pain and or disability. <ref name=":8" /> To learn more about WAD you can click on the following
Early identification of the individuals that might have long term pain and disability will help clinicians to spend the correct resources in prevention and treat
27 KB (3,816 words) - 20:53, 26 December 2023
...al Medicine and Rehabilitation, thigh/groin pain and constant back/buttock pain are better indicators of hip OA than stand-alone tests and reported hip c
...nt who had a hip joint replacement surgery and is currently complaining of pain at the hip joint. The patient's drug history and current medications they a
12 KB (1,726 words) - 15:00, 15 December 2022
...therapy practice including diagnosis, assessment and interventions for hip pain in adults.
...tice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health from the Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy and American A
14 KB (1,922 words) - 11:25, 24 July 2023
...and move around in the joint, and can result into catching and subsequent pain. These defects does not heal as with bone, but are instead filled with scar
* Pain in the joint
10 KB (1,500 words) - 15:42, 29 August 2023
...(2005). Screening for vertebrobasilar insufficiency in patients with neck pain: manual therapy decision-making in the presence of uncertainty. J Orthop Sp
...2009). Thoracic spine manipulation on the management of patients with neck pain: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Th
10 KB (1,439 words) - 21:17, 14 April 2021
...nd enhance outcomes. This page provides an in-depth review of the Pain and Disability Drivers Model, which can be used to assess and treat gunshot injuries.
== Pain and Disability Drivers Model ==
17 KB (2,269 words) - 12:56, 1 May 2024
...change was evaluated using the initial and four week [[Oswestry Disability Index]] score. Although both groups showed some improvement, the study found a 22
...spt.org/doi/abs/10.2519/jospt.2007.2498 Subgrouping Patients with Low Back Pain: Evolution of a Classification Approach to Physical Therapy.] Journal of Or
14 KB (2,004 words) - 11:52, 20 May 2021
...pport the treatment of [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Low_Back_Pain Low Back Pain] through interventions aimed at the thoracic spine and the hip joints. 
...treating patients with [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Low_Back_Pain Low Back Pain] be sure to perform [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Lumbar_Examinati
8 KB (1,132 words) - 12:03, 2 August 2021
...a diagnosis so caution should be used when diagnosing this as the primary pain driver<ref name=":12" />.
...rential diagnosis and treatment in a patient with posterior upper thoracic pain]. Phys Ther. Feb;86(2):254-68. PMID: 16445339.</ref><ref>Gummesson C, Ward
16 KB (2,184 words) - 01:09, 21 November 2023
..., and participation) of the [[International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)|International Classification Framework]] (ICF) developed b
|Sensory Functions and Pain
11 KB (1,414 words) - 23:21, 26 November 2023
...ative disc disease]] are both thought to be common causes of back and neck pain, which in turn have an enormous impact on the health-care systems and econo
...pmc/articles/PMC2597216/ The symptoms of osteoarthritis and the genesis of pain]. ''Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America''. 2008 Aug 1;34(3):623-43.
22 KB (3,082 words) - 11:36, 15 November 2023
*In addition to treatment directed at the elbow, patients with elbow pain may benefit from treatment directed at the cervical or thoracic spines, and
*Therapist grips patient's scaphoid between thumb and index finger
9 KB (1,199 words) - 12:02, 2 August 2021
...h her husband. She is currently unemployed but has received approval for a disability grant. Her primary language is Zulu but is able to communicate effectively
...ylindrical. She is alert and responsive. Numbness (b2702.2) and a "poking" pain of right foot reported. Foot is warm on palpation with good skin condition
8 KB (1,280 words) - 18:52, 11 April 2020
...é R, Karlsson J. Cross-cultural adaptation of the VISA-A questionnaire, an index of clinical severity for patients with Achilles tendinopathy, with reliabil
...estionnaire contains eight questions, covering three necessary domains: 1) pain, 2) functional status, and 3) activity (= three significant domains of dysf
9 KB (1,271 words) - 04:49, 25 January 2024
...Jan 3;23(1):26. </ref> Clinicians will often encounter patients with neck pain and other cervical spine conditions. It is, therefore, essential that they
...from a multispecialty international working group]. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine [Internet]. 2021 Nov 7 [cited 2022 Jan 20];47(1). </ref>
19 KB (2,698 words) - 12:04, 19 March 2024
...osing spondylitis and other pathologic conditions associated with low back pain<ref>Yen YR, Luo JF, Liu ML, Lu FJ, Wang SR. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p
...ut may also be positive due to a decrease in lumbar range of motion due to pain or congenital anomalies or segmental fusion<ref>Medisavy [https://medisavvy
7 KB (1,028 words) - 08:37, 28 June 2023
...ptoms often follow a [[Dermatomes|dermatomal]] distribution, and can cause pain and numbness that wraps around to the front of your body..
* Symptoms of radiculopathy vary by location but frequently include pain, weakness, numbness and tingling.
10 KB (1,299 words) - 12:41, 25 April 2020
[[File:Back pain image.jpg|thumb|CLBP: common in society.]]
...er an initial injury or underlying cause of acute [[Low Back Pain|low back pain]] has been treated.
17 KB (2,419 words) - 10:38, 3 March 2024
...by graded motor imagery<ref>Moseley GL,Graded motor imagery for pathologic pain A randomized controlled trial, neurology, 2006</ref>.<br>Activity limitatio
...inutes walking test. At the and of the test, borg scale 12 and there is no pain in the socket.<br>On the walkway report, step length is symmetric but time
9 KB (1,445 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...6), 765–774.''</ref> (when 10 equals worst pain imaginable and 0 equals no pain) or the vertebral bodies are collapsed more than 40%, then kyphoplasty or v
...en deflated and removed. Kyphoplasty has been shown to provide significant pain relief as well as a substantial improvement in the height of the collapsed
15 KB (2,177 words) - 01:11, 29 June 2020
...d to assess outcomes in any health care context cover domains (for example pain, physical function, perceived independence) that are relatively specific an
...ry in scope and mode of measurement. Some are designed to provide a global index of outcomes, while others measure functional abilities for daily activities
24 KB (3,184 words) - 11:33, 24 April 2023
...Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises.] Pain, 161(9), 1976-1982.</ref> </blockquote>
...ted the new definition for pain, stated above, in 2020. The description of pain continues with the following notes:
17 KB (2,216 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
* Non-specific suboccipital pain.
...cts of treatment<ref>Vernon, H. & Mior, S. (1991). The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability an validity. Journal of Manipulative and Physiologi
8 KB (1,237 words) - 18:59, 19 November 2023
...tice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health from the Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy A
...tice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health from the Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy A
27 KB (4,053 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...le points for the mobility subscale. If an item is not tested (due to ROM, pain, other) then an “X” is marked and that item cannot be scored. Subscales
...of new outcome measures. Correlations between STREAM score and the Barthel Index score range from 0.75 to 0.78.
12 KB (1,739 words) - 18:51, 22 August 2020
...dered. Nonoperative treatment options typically include [[Pain Medications|pain medication]], certain braces and physical therapy (that includes [[Gait tra
# The patient experiences [[Chronic Pain and the Brain|chronic pain]] that cannot be relieved by nonoperative treatment options
17 KB (2,458 words) - 15:25, 9 January 2023
...Back Pain. http://www.lymphomainfo.net/articles/lymphoma/lymphoma-and-back-pain. Accessed March 27, 2015.</ref><br>
...al diagnosis: Referred from primary care physician to therapy for low back pain (LBP) due to history of disc herniation. No recent imaging. MRI from 5 year
15 KB (2,183 words) - 21:00, 30 June 2020
...o no impairment, respectively). Second is the Activity Inventory, formerly Disability Inventory, which assesses gross motor function (10 items evaluating rolling
...njury<ref>Crowe JM, Harmer D, Sharp J. Reliability of the Chedoke-McMaster Disability Inventory in Acquired Brain Injury. 1996. Canadian Physiotherapy Associatio
27 KB (3,930 words) - 22:52, 31 July 2021
...int. Injured joints cause degenerative changes at faster pace that lead to pain and inflammation which in tern leads to difficulty in performing daily livi
* This pattern manifests itself as patients' commonly complaining of pain at the end of range of motion for both flexion and extension.
11 KB (1,611 words) - 03:40, 3 September 2023
...helps you learn to calm your mind and body to help you cope with illness, pain, and stress. Time spent in MBSR is intended to purposefully pay attention a
'''Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome'''
14 KB (2,010 words) - 10:55, 24 May 2022
...n 1;17:203-7.</ref> Tennis Elbow is the most common cause of lateral elbow pain<ref name=":4">Keijsers R, de Vos RJ, Kuijer PPF, van den Bekerom MP, van de
...% of presentations are self-limiting, not all experience full recovery and pain and discomfort can persist for up to a year. Recurrence is also common in T
14 KB (1,975 words) - 12:11, 31 May 2023
...anatomy-of-the-foot https://www.arthritis/where-it-hurts/foot-heel-and-toe-pain/foot-anatomy.php] (accessed 25/02/2019).</ref>
...le Joint|Ankle]] ligament injury is the most frequent cause of acute ankle pain. Hence, it is important to understand the anatomy of ankle ligaments for co
12 KB (1,693 words) - 09:30, 1 June 2022
...reveal bilateral pain sensitivity in patients with unilateral plantar heel pain]. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2019 Sep;49(9):640-6. D
* Subcalcaneal pain
15 KB (2,164 words) - 12:22, 22 November 2023
...of osteoarthritis that causes restricted locomotor activity and functional disability, and may progress to the point where joint replacement is needed. Hip osteo
* Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of hip pain in older adults (older than 50 years of age).
22 KB (3,098 words) - 03:29, 3 September 2023
*[[Pain Assessment|Pain.]]
* Pain
11 KB (1,352 words) - 21:41, 5 October 2023
...questionnaire with adults living with HIV in Canada and Ireland]: the HIV Disability Questionnaire (HDQ). Health and quality of life outcomes. 2015 Dec;13(1):1-
# Postural correction to avoid pain and deformities<ref name=":1" />
9 KB (1,206 words) - 15:32, 1 March 2024
...eproducible with isometric movements. The clicking and popping, as well as pain usually decreases when crossing the arm across the chest, this causes the s
...s|rhomboid]] weakness, multidirectional instability, voluntary action, and pain in the [[shoulder]] which can cause reverse scapulohumeral rhythm.
19 KB (2,661 words) - 15:39, 19 October 2023
Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) refers to musculoskeletal disorders affecting the [[pelvis]].
...ression]], [[Generalized Anxiety Disorder|anxiety]], work absenteeism, and disability.
23 KB (3,296 words) - 10:00, 10 May 2024
*Can be acute or gradual onset of pain
*Pain worsens with activity
14 KB (1,923 words) - 13:19, 30 June 2023
.../function impairments include limitations in ROM, decrease in strength and pain.<br>Acivity limitations include inability to ambulate, difficulty using han
...ome Variable Scale (COVs) from 56/92 to 82/91 and a Locomotor Capabilities Index-5 (LCI-5) score of 42/56.
9 KB (1,359 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
.... [online] NICE. Available at: <nowiki>https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/neck-pain-acute-torticollis/background-information/prevalence/</nowiki> </ref>
...iotherapy assessment process. Various sources can contribute to acute neck pain:
16 KB (2,453 words) - 11:24, 10 May 2024
...houlder distally down the arm or proximally into the neck. The duration of pain is almost always self-limiting, lasting 1 to 2 weeks but on rare occasions
....org/article.aspx?articleid=2093851 Expanding the differential of Shoulder Pain: Personage-Turner Syndrome], J Am Osteopath Assoc; August 1, 2009 vol. 109
13 KB (1,797 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
Myalgia is generally known as a muscle ache or muscle pain.
...r or disease but rather a symptom of an existing underlying condition. The pain in the muscle can last a few days or longer.
24 KB (3,438 words) - 20:45, 17 March 2023
...Functional Index (BASFI), the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Patient Global Score (BAS-G).
== The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) ==
23 KB (3,480 words) - 12:25, 1 June 2021
...a greater improvement in cervical range of motion and in the reduction of pain following a whiplash injury.<ref name="Mealy">Mealy K. et al. Early mobiliz
...hat a collar should be worn constantly for one week only for the reason of pain relief. After that the use of the collar should be gradually decreased.
15 KB (2,114 words) - 16:28, 30 December 2023
...at her desk at work. The patient does not believe any activities make the pain worse, but sitting upright in her desk chair at home provides some relief.
...in subsides. The patient is distressed because the prolonged back and neck pain, with the addition of the severe headaches have prevented her from fully pa
17 KB (2,619 words) - 00:52, 14 July 2019
...revention in Low Back Pain. European guidelines for prevention in low back pain: November 2004. European Spine Journal. 2006 Mar;15(Suppl 2):s136.</ref>
...Dydyk AM, Varacallo M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538173/ Back Pain.] StatPearls [Internet]. 2022 Feb 22. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.n
37 KB (5,561 words) - 10:52, 27 April 2023
...es of shoulder pain. It can lead to lost workdays and, in some cases, even disability.
...erity, but may include swelling, excessive warmth at the site, tenderness, pain and/or fever.
14 KB (2,096 words) - 06:13, 13 April 2022
...ers to hyperlordosis, this means that the lumbosacral angle and the lumbar index (the chord of the lumbar lordosis) increase.<ref name=":3" /> As opposed to
...ared to general exercises or manual therapy for the management of low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Physical Therapy in Sport (2016).<
25 KB (3,795 words) - 16:49, 10 August 2022
...Jama. 1998;279(5):381. doi:10.1001/jama.279.5.381.</ref>.TTH may result in disability, missed workdays, and decreased quality of life <ref name="Mcdermaid et. al
...<ref>3.Crystal SC, Robbins MS. Epidemiology of tension-type headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2010;14:449–54</ref> In Denmark, it was found tha
18 KB (2,526 words) - 08:01, 17 March 2021
...focusing on their role in optimizing patient outcomes in chronic cervical pain management.
...Scale (SF-36 BPS), and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP). *Arthritis Care & Research, 63*(S11), S240-S252.</ref>
28 KB (3,726 words) - 15:58, 15 February 2024
..., nerves and fascia are some of the structures that may be involved in the pain mechanism. Fortunately these niggles can often be rectified with some good
Neck Pain is a common niggle for surfers and is often caused by overuse.
12 KB (1,756 words) - 22:38, 15 June 2020
...al Therapy and Exercise Intervention in the Treatment of Shoulder and Neck Pain in a Patient with Mental Health Comorbidities: A Case Report|Open Peer Revi
...patient had improved shoulder and neck ROM, pain level, DASH and Neck Pain Disability Scale scores, but adherence to appointments and exercise were low. There is
20 KB (3,070 words) - 02:05, 31 August 2019
...oort A, Setz M, Hoogeveen A, van Eerten P, Scheltinga M. Chronic lower leg pain: entrapment of common peroneal nerve or tibial nerve. Unfallchirurg. 2020 J
=== Pain ===
14 KB (2,092 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
*Pain and Joint swelling are often incapacitating and result in severe disabiliti
*Joint manifestations such as joint effusions, hygromas, bursitis and axial pain can be identified in areas with previously occurring injuries
13 KB (1,935 words) - 15:01, 10 January 2022
Sciatica refers to radiating pain along the course of the [[Sciatic Nerve|sciatic nerve]] from the lower bac
...to any [[Low Back Pain|low back pain]] or [[Radiculopathy|radicular]] leg pain as sciatica<ref name=":6" />.
16 KB (2,365 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
...ras S, Blais R, Swaine B, Rossignol M. Management of work-related low back pain: a population-based survey of physical therapists. Phys Ther 2005;85(11):11
...use of work absenteeism and accounts for a high proportion of occupational disability costs<ref name="Poitras" />. Workers' compensation claims for LBP acc
20 KB (2,913 words) - 02:36, 15 July 2019
...rophizing in patients with musculoskeletal pain-A modified Delphi study. ''Pain''. 2019;160(3):600-606.</ref> It tends to affect an individual at least o
...ards increasing disability from musculoskeletal conditions. However, while disability increases, [[Epidemiology, Prevalence and Incidence|prevalence]] rates for
24 KB (3,479 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
| Joint Pain
May have severe night pain
26 KB (3,724 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...linic with complaints of joint pain (arthralgia) and intermittent low back pain. Patient cannot recall any mechanism of injury. She reports she has trouble
Joint pain, low back pain, headache, muscle stiffness, difficulty sleeping and paying attention for a
8 KB (1,176 words) - 00:05, 12 March 2018
...s group1.png|right|frameless|334x334px]]Acute or chronic [[Pain Assessment|pain]]<ref name=":2">Ballinger TJ, Thompson WR, Guise TA. [https://pubmed.ncbi.n
* Reduced shoulder [[Range of Motion|range of motion]]<ref name=":1" />due to pain or fear of movement leading to adapting a flexed protective [[posture]] or
12 KB (1,607 words) - 05:32, 27 May 2023
...al areas in the spine can restore the spine’s structural integrity, reduce pain and initiate the body’s natural healing processes<ref name=":3">Spine Hea
...s, John D. PT, PhD, MBA, OCS, FAAOMPT, “Subgrouping Patients With Low Back Pain: Evolution of a Classification Approach to Physical Therapy,” Journal of
15 KB (2,155 words) - 12:31, 17 October 2023
...factors that might affect deviations form expected clinical course of neck pain.
When taking the patients history it is also important to ask if they have pain or symptoms in other regions such as their thoracic spine or shoulder.
27 KB (3,834 words) - 11:42, 15 November 2023
...progress included the 6-minute walk test, L-test, the Locomotor Capability Index, and body weight.
...es in the past six months, and residual limb pain rated 7-8/10 per numeric pain rating scale.
11 KB (1,661 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
.... (1997). Conservative treatment of acute and chronic Nonspecific low back pain. Spine, 22(18), 2128-2156. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199709150-00012
# chronic neck and back pain are the major causes of disability,
17 KB (2,387 words) - 23:55, 23 November 2022
...determines the stability of the fracture. Patients typically present with pain, swelling, and inability to bear weight on the ankle joint. Management of s
...les: the Foot and Ankle Disability Index and the Foot and Ankle Disability Index Sport
22 KB (2,881 words) - 21:34, 19 November 2023
...hn’s disease as a teenager. Pt experiences periods of abdominal cramps and pain along with bouts of diarrhea and loss of appetite. Pt also reports occasion
...th legs and return to his normal exercise program without limitations from pain or lack of stability in his spine. Pt inquired about the possible effects o
17 KB (2,454 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...promotes proprioceptive function, reducing the intensity and perception of pain. <ref name=":2" />
...herapy on pain and functional ability in people with non-specific low back pain: a systematic review]. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 2020 Dec;2
12 KB (1,648 words) - 20:07, 26 March 2024
...of the “new protocol” for [[Introduction to Plantar Heel Pain|plantar heel pain]] (PHP) will be discussed in three distinct parts:
...I. Physiotherapy support for self-management of persisting musculoskeletal pain disorders. South African Journal of Physiotherapy. 2021 Oct 29;77(1):1564.<
14 KB (1,931 words) - 23:15, 15 January 2023
...the patient is asked to touch the tip of the index finger to the therapist index finger.
...ent is asked to bring both the hand toward the midline and approximate the index finger from opposing hand
17 KB (2,420 words) - 07:24, 1 April 2022
...h rates of asymptomatic degeneration in the young complicates causality in pain diagnosis.<ref name=":4" />
...luate the possibility of adult onset lumbar spondylosis as a cause of back pain]. Skeletal Radiol. 2010;39(7):669-73. Doi: 10.1007/s00256-009-0825-4.
20 KB (2,783 words) - 18:33, 21 March 2024
...ciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0733861922000585?via%3Dihub Back pain: differential diagnosis and management]. Neurol Clin. 2023 Feb;41(1):61-76.
...mulate hypothetical diagnoses about the potential pathoanatomical cause of pain:<ref name=":2">Cunningham S. Lumbar Spine Evaluation Course. Plus, 2024.</r
22 KB (3,278 words) - 11:54, 18 April 2024
...ned for achilles tendinopathy, and the [[Numeric Pain Rating Scale|Numeric Pain Reporting Scale]] (NPRS 0-10) and the [[Lower Extremity Functional Scale (L
...athy during rehabilitation: a review of outcome measures for self-reported pain and function.] International journal of sports physical therapy. 2018 Apr;1
12 KB (1,692 words) - 10:47, 3 December 2022
...www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/5/1275/pdf Associated risk factors with low back pain in white-collar workers—A cross-sectional study]. Journal of Clinical Med
...1186/s12891-019-2826-3 Psychosocial areas of worklife and chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.] BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20(
21 KB (2,959 words) - 03:04, 7 November 2023
=== Diagnostic Injections to Evaluate Sacroiliac Joint Pain ===
...suggests that there are other extra-articular sources of sacroiliac region pain.<ref name=":1" />
26 KB (3,789 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...smoking in several epidemiological studies has been shown to lead to back pain and degenerative spinal diseases.<ref name=":0" />
...to deltoid weakness and shoulder paresthesia. Patients also can experience pain and paresthesia in the head, neck, and shoulder.
15 KB (2,175 words) - 11:37, 15 November 2023
[[File:Neck Pain Diagram.png|alt=|thumb|Pain in the neck.]]
...ishing. Available from:https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/7-faces-of-neck-pain [accessed 4/3/2023]</ref>
27 KB (3,777 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
...s LGF, Singer KP, Vol.3: Clinical anatomy and management of cervical spine pain. Butterworth Heinemann, 2001, second edition, p.103-104</ref><ref name="Ar
...y Group. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and its relation to back pain among older men: the MrOS Study. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Oct;41(2):131-
18 KB (2,537 words) - 14:20, 29 November 2023
...fruits were found to be the leading dietary risk factors for deaths and [[Disability-Adjusted Life Year|DALY]]<nowiki/>s globally.<ref>Yazew T, Daba A. [https:/
...- An Introduction|older adult]]<nowiki/>s and is a leading risk factor for disability, morbidity, and mortality.<ref>Severin R, Berner PM, Miller KL, Mey J. The
25 KB (3,513 words) - 11:16, 17 February 2023
...p and post-op. Discuss pain relief and possible phantom limb sensation and pain post-op.
*[[Arthritis]] and associated limited range of movement, pain or weakness
24 KB (3,515 words) - 10:53, 13 October 2023
...of l[[Low Back Pain|ow back pain]] and can be associated with substantial disability.<ref name="p2">T. Barza, M. Melloh etal. A conceptual model of compensation
* Back pain is the largest cause of [[Disability-Adjusted Life Year|disability-adjusted living years]] based on the WHO survey of the global burden of dis
21 KB (3,141 words) - 18:31, 12 April 2023
..., individuals are said to have non-specific (or simple or mechanical) back pain.
...f tests to identify the disc, SIJ or facet joint as the source of low back pain.] European Spine Journal. 2007 Oct 1;16(10):1539-50.</ref>
25 KB (3,634 words) - 23:31, 18 December 2023
...strength measurement for the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). <ref>Lo VE, Chiu YC, Tu HH. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go
A-Tip Pinch: index pressing against the thumb: holding an object between the thumb and a finge
18 KB (2,682 words) - 22:09, 28 December 2022
...as restoration of joint range of motion, alleviation of [[Pain Assessment|pain]] in joints and muscles, and restoring strength due to muscle weakness. Thi
* Self-reported outcomes: [[Neck Disability Index]]: 64%; [[Canadian Occupational Performance Measure]] unremarkable.
7 KB (994 words) - 15:15, 6 September 2021
.../onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04905.x Low back pain: prevalence and associated risk factors among hospital staff]. Journal of a
...d as either acute, recurrent or [[Chronic Low Back Pain|chronic]]. Chronic pain is the costliest health problem in the UK<ref name=":0" /> and contributes
29 KB (4,217 words) - 15:39, 7 May 2024
...ain.org/publications/pain-research-forum/prf-news/92059-whats-name-chronic-pain/ (accessed 11 August 2023). </ref>
== Pain Categories ==
36 KB (5,213 words) - 15:23, 8 February 2024
...udes examination findings and outcome data for every patient with low back pain. After the clinical experience, students analyze and compare results to ext
...e of outcome measure use by physiotherapists in the management of low back pain. Physiother Can. 2002;53(4):249-257.</ref><ref>Kay T, Myers A, Huijbregts M
35 KB (5,120 words) - 10:45, 15 April 2024
...l MD, Effect of Facet Joint Injection Versus Systemic Steroids in Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Volume 38(23), 01 November 2013, p 1995–2
...muscles present itself. This is a protection mechanism that increases the pain. These changes lead to a fibrosis and osteophyte formation. The most common
25 KB (3,806 words) - 11:15, 12 June 2021
...ression in Relation to Catastrophizing and Pain-Related Anxiety in Chronic Pain Patients.] PLoS One. 2015; 10(4): e0126351. </ref> negative expectations o
== Assessing Pain ==
24 KB (3,700 words) - 21:13, 1 January 2023
...ty or inability to toe walk are often noted. History includes chronic pain, prolonged recovery, recurrent sprains, and the formation of heterotopic os
*[[Foot and Ankle Disability Index|Foot and Ankle Disability Index]] (FADI)
16 KB (2,378 words) - 20:09, 15 July 2022
...ion, A. F., Pellisé, F., & Cedraschi, C. (2012). Non-specific low back pain. The Lancet, 379(9814), 482-491.</ref><br>
...Peterson, S. and Setterlund, L., (2012). Adult acute and subacute low back pain. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. http://bit. ly. LBP1112. Updat
35 KB (4,943 words) - 14:36, 26 April 2023
* Pain control
* Disability - altered state of consciousness and neurovascular status of body area affe
17 KB (2,438 words) - 21:33, 19 November 2023
...teraction between the key muscles of respiration.<ref>Perri MA, Halford E. Pain and faulty breathing: a pilot study. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Thera
...nspiration and expiration strength could be lessened in patients with neck pain.<ref name=":0">A. Legrand, E. Schneider, P.A. Gevenois, A. De Troyer
23 KB (3,308 words) - 17:13, 29 June 2023
Cervicaobrachial Syndrome (Cervicobrachalgia) is a term that describes pain and stiffness of the cervical spine with symptoms in the shoulder girdle an
...ss, weakness, and swelling in the region of the neck and shoulder. Also by pain and sensory disturbances that radiate from the cervical spine into the uppe
23 KB (3,428 words) - 18:14, 23 April 2021
[[Image:Lower-back-pain.jpg|right|200px]]
...bi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363318 Urinary incontinence in women with low back pain.] Manual Therapy. June 2008;13(3):206-212.
25 KB (3,632 words) - 10:49, 24 May 2022
...ref>Fritz J.M, Cleland J.A, Childs J.D. Subgrouping patients with low back pain: evolution of a classification approach to physical therapy. Journal of Ort
...f the lumbar spine have been noted in subjects with flexion-related lumbar pain<ref name=":1" />.
14 KB (2,141 words) - 18:21, 13 July 2021
...13-021-00147-z.pdf Subchondral bone microenvironment in osteoarthritis and pain]. Bone research. 2021 Mar 17;9(1):1-3.</ref>. The perfusion mechanism of th
Patients with ankle osteochondral lesions will report deep ankle pain associated with weight-bearing, limitations in range of motion, impaired fu
16 KB (2,239 words) - 22:47, 25 January 2023
...nd Examination|diseases of the hand]] and the [[Upper Extremity Functional Index|upper extremity.]] <ref name=":2">Shauver MJ, Chung KC. The Michigan hand o
...milar assessments which might e.g. focus more on the overall disability or pain experience. The questions are directed towards patients' experiences with t
8 KB (1,139 words) - 20:37, 12 December 2020
...tice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health From the Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy As
# Sharp pain, possibly with sudden movements
24 KB (3,342 words) - 11:41, 15 November 2023
..." /> Symptoms associated with pancreatic cancer include:[[Image:Abdominal pain.jpg|alt=|right|frameless]]
*Pain is the presenting symptom in between 31% and 71% of pancreatic cancer patie
12 KB (1,714 words) - 12:33, 4 December 2023
...spine. This defect can be asymptomatic or associated with significant back pain (7: level of evidence 2A)
...be increased (47%) . (24 LOE: 2B) It is the most common cause in low back pain in pediatric patients. (22) ( loe: 2A) This condition appears in the first
27 KB (3,938 words) - 16:35, 19 December 2019
...Stace R. and Gwilym S. « Whiplash associated disorder: a review of current pain concepts. » Bone & Joint 360, vol. 4, nr. 1. 2015. </ref>
...J Bone Joint Surg Br., vol. 86, nr. 7, p. 1032-4, 2004.</ref>. Causes of pain can be any of these tissues, with the strain injury resulting in secondary
41 KB (5,691 words) - 07:15, 18 November 2022
...oot.2001.0698 Risk factors associated with the development of plantar heel pain in athletes]. The foot. 2001 Sep 1;11(3):119-25.
...neal spurs and plantar fascial thickening in individuals with plantar heel pain]. Rheumatology. 2019 Feb 1;58(2):237-45.
33 KB (4,778 words) - 11:26, 18 August 2022
...der pain: a meta-ethnography exploring healthcare providers’ experiences]. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2021 Mar 2:1-3.</ref> This page discusses the subjectiv
...n: measuring the prevalence and nature of verbal interruptions during back pain consultations, Journal of Communication in Healthcare. 2018;11:2:95-105.</r
17 KB (2,483 words) - 23:00, 5 November 2023
...6.</ref><ref name="p1">Mills K, Page G, Siwek R. A color atlas of low back pain. London:Wolfe Medical Publications,1990. </ref><ref name="p2">Andersson GB,
..."p0" /><ref name="p2" /> Early diagnosis and treatment help to control the pain and stiffness and may reduce or prevent significant deformity.<ref name=":1
34 KB (4,865 words) - 11:38, 14 October 2023
...tingling, radiating pain, numbness, paraesthesia, and occasional shooting pain. Radiculopathy can occur in any part of the spine, but it is most common in
...efinitions and physiology of back pain, referred pain, and radicular pain. Pain. 2009 Dec 1;147(1):17-9.</ref>
28 KB (4,188 words) - 11:24, 28 August 2023
...tor cuff tears are the leading cause of shoulder pain and shoulder-related disability. The pathogenesis of these tears is still partly unknown.
* severe pain at time of injury
27 KB (3,911 words) - 11:20, 18 August 2022
...C3631950/ Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of discogenic low back pain]. World J Orthop. 2013 April 18; 4(2): 42-52 </ref><ref name="McCormack et
...bi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4640162/ Disc degeneration implies low back pain]. Theor Biol Med Model. 2015 Nov 9;12:24. doi: 10.1186/s12976-015-0020-3.
33 KB (4,742 words) - 17:54, 9 January 2024
...teoarthritis and secondary osteoarthritis. OA usuallly presents with joint pain and loss of function; however, the disease is clinically very variable and
...age wears away and bone rubs against bone leading to joint damage and more pain.<ref>Arthritis foundation [https://www.arthritis.org/about-arthritis/types/
21 KB (2,997 words) - 16:29, 9 May 2024
* [[Chronic Pain and the Brain|Chronic pain]] (10·1%)
...ffecting three or more different body systems within one person without an index [[Chronic Disease|chronic condition]]’
11 KB (1,442 words) - 08:22, 28 October 2020
*Demographic Information: female, 66 years old, currently on disability for back surgery due to spinal stenosis
...be able to self propel in a manual wheelchair.Patient to maintain full and pain free ROM. Patient to increase strength of UEs and LEs to 5/5 MMT.
8 KB (1,266 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...d drug use, tobacco, dietary risk, high blood pressure, and high body mass index.<ref name=":3" /><br>
11 KB (1,532 words) - 22:46, 1 March 2022
...ous course of myelopathy is characterised either by long periods of stable disability followed by episodes of deterioration or a linear progressive course. The p
...of the central nervous system, and even a small injury can lead to severe disability.<ref name="Selzer">Selzer ME and Dobkin BH. Spinal Cord Injury (American Ac
30 KB (4,201 words) - 11:40, 15 November 2023
* Decreased prevalence of disability and mortality
The rate of disability and mortality is much lower in runners, compared to non-runners. It was als
27 KB (3,985 words) - 03:38, 3 September 2023
* Induce the symptoms such as back soreness, neck pain, numbness of upper extremities or buttock
...study of the intra-rater reliability in subjects with and without shoulder pain. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders , 1 (11), 39.</ref>
19 KB (2,697 words) - 04:41, 21 November 2022
...a herniated disc injury may compress the nerve or the spinal cord causing pain consistent with nerve compression or spinal cord dysfunction, also known as
...many instances, the herniation of the disc does not cause that patient any pain.
40 KB (5,562 words) - 14:04, 27 November 2023
[[File:Pain Education definitions.png|border|right|frameless]]
...bmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24889854/ Pain education to prevent chronic low back pain: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.] BMJ Open. 2014 Jun 2;
35 KB (5,227 words) - 14:37, 29 January 2024
...constant fatigue and muscle aches throughout the day, accompanied by mild pain in her right upper quadrant. She also reports intermittent nausea<ref name=
...9 (normal score range is 22-24)<ref name="p8">Rehab Measures: Dynamic Gait Index. Rehab Measures Web site. http://www.rehabmeasures.org/Lists/RehabMeasures/
17 KB (2,453 words) - 00:03, 12 March 2018
Previous physical therapy for low back pain
...out any lifestyle changes. Her goals for therapy are to decrease her joint pain and to get her muscles stronger so she doesn't struggle at work any longer.
18 KB (2,673 words) - 11:19, 17 March 2018
...l P, Irwig L. Red flags to screen for malignancy in patients with low-back pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013(2).</ref>. They often highli
...Red flags to screen for malignancy and fracture in patients with low back pain: systematic review. British Medical Journal. 2013;347.</ref>. The Internati
27 KB (3,864 words) - 11:24, 29 August 2023
...gress in patient's rehabilitation and the patient continues to complain of pain, an X-ray should be repeated within 6 weeks to rule out [[Ankle Osteochondr
* '''Hindfoot malalignment''' causes foot and ankle disability. The assessment of X-ray results of hindfoot alignment is important. The r
20 KB (3,014 words) - 15:38, 22 October 2023
...io-pedia.com/Pregnancy_Related_Pelvic_Pain pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP)]. The last two patterns can occur separately or combined.<ref name="
...=1&isAllowed=y Identification and management of pregnancy-related low back pain]. Journal of nurse-midwifery. 1998 Sep 1;43(5):331-40.</ref><br>
45 KB (6,765 words) - 00:11, 30 June 2023
...tion have been described, since the time of Hippocrates, for the relief of pain.<ref name="Saunders">Saunders HD. Lumbar traction*. J Orthop Sports Phys Th
... Jacobs WC, van Limbeek J. No effect of traction in patients with low back pain: a single centre, single blind, randomized controlled trial of Intervertebr
26 KB (4,004 words) - 11:31, 5 January 2024
...rving and assessing client be aware of the common causes of thoracic spine pain, so you can screen for them, beginning the elimination process towards diag
* [[Thoracic Back Pain Red Flags|Red flags]] eg cardiac or lung conditions ([[pneumothorax]], [[Pu
25 KB (3,520 words) - 00:01, 11 December 2020
...ay be elevated in individuals with patellofemoral pain. It correlates with pain and reduced physical function. Recent research highlights these psychosocia
...ors and how they can influence recovery in individuals with patellofemoral pain.
20 KB (2,814 words) - 12:21, 22 November 2023
...psilateral diffuse shoulder, and arm pain. ROM in the neck is reduced, and pain is relieved with anesthetic blockades.
...cervical nucleus. This connection is thought to be the cause for referred pain to the occiput and/or eyes. (Wang 2014).
27 KB (3,832 words) - 11:35, 15 November 2023
...>Olsen DR, Montgomery E, Bøjholm S, Foldspang A. Prevalent musculoskeletal pain as a correlate of previous exposure to torture. Scandinavian journal of pub
...ultifactorial nature. To ensure proper assessment and treatment of chronic pain in displaced persons, we need to understand these individuals' traumatic ex
41 KB (5,714 words) - 09:05, 28 July 2023
...clinical features such as decreased cervical range of movement, weakness, pain on palpation and the presence of trigger points to name a few.
...ut the need for a chair but use a chair for more effective, appropriate or pain-free ways of getting around.<ref>NHS England. (2014). Improving Wheelchair
32 KB (4,829 words) - 22:43, 17 August 2020
* Pain in the affected hyperkyphotic region may also be the cause of initial evalu
...ssible Subacute thoracic pain, usually no identifiable inciting event. The pain is worse with activity and improved with rest.
25 KB (3,461 words) - 11:35, 12 March 2022
...s that are observed visually - e.g. correcting a perceived ‘[[Foot Posture Index (FP1-6)|over-pronated foot]]’. However, more current understanding leans
...ds on the overloaded tissue through the use of proper orthoses can explain pain reduction and improvement in function in foot conditions with orthoses.<ref
17 KB (2,542 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...ession of LSS on MRI does not necessarily determine if LSS is the cause of pain.
On the other hand surgery can resolve pain quicker as the route cause is dealt with, however spinal surgery is somewha
27 KB (3,850 words) - 11:15, 10 May 2024
...l neuralgia or tailbone pain, is the term used to describe the symptoms of pain that occur in the region of the coccyx.<ref name=":0">Patel R, Appannagari
...iduals, management can be difficult due to the complex nature of coccygeal pain.<ref name=":3" />
26 KB (3,674 words) - 17:33, 11 March 2024
*'''Functional Questionnaire:''' Upper Extremity Functional Index (46/80 score).
...' Internal rotation of the right shoulder coupled with a popping noise and pain presence
37 KB (5,759 words) - 11:30, 2 May 2024
...parish activities. Elective amputation was carried out to meet the goal of pain control and improve her quality of life. She is currently still in the acut
...n Information; PMID: 24590358, Database: MEDLINE Complete</ref>. A Barthel Index was carried out, Mrs. Mizzi stated that currently she is managing to eat by
10 KB (1,538 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...cogenic headache]] (CGH) is a chronic headache that presents as unilateral pain starting at the neck and is perceived in one or more regions of the head/fa
...-0051-4 The relationship of neck injury and post-traumatic headache]. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2002 Aug;6(4):301-7.</ref>
35 KB (4,739 words) - 19:29, 4 July 2023
...ubanks">Eubanks J. Cervical Radiculopathy: Nonoperative Management of Neck Pain and Radicular Symptoms. Am Fam Physician. 2010 Jan 1;81(1):33-40.</ref>
...nks,JD">Eubanks, JD.Cervical Radiculopathy:Nonoperative Management of Neck Pain and Radicular Symptoms.American Family Physician 2010;81,33-40</ref> Those
40 KB (5,769 words) - 11:33, 15 November 2023
With an AC joint injury pain is often felt radiating to the neck and deltoid. The AC joint may also beco
*Pain in the AC joint from osteoarthritis or disc disease<ref name="p1">Robb AJ,
22 KB (3,205 words) - 10:00, 18 August 2022
...c floor: etiology, mechanisms, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment]. Pelvic Pain: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments. 2012.</ref>
...Zarza D, Serra L, Gomez-Sancha F, Salinas J, Allona-Almagro A. Myofascial pain syndrome in the pelvic floor: a common urological condition. Actas Urológi
24 KB (3,440 words) - 04:03, 28 June 2023
...ed zygapophyseal joints) of the spine become a source of [[Pain Behaviours|pain]].
...ase process (its prevalence increasing with age) and is a common source of disability with significant economic impact.
23 KB (3,369 words) - 08:28, 15 June 2021
* pain<br>
...G. [https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/neu.2009.1148 Assessment of disability in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review of
17 KB (2,497 words) - 13:58, 19 July 2021
These can include pain, balance difficulties, vertigo and tinnitus.
* Linear Measurement Index
10 KB (1,472 words) - 16:43, 15 December 2022
* Deformity, pain, weakness and restricted mobility resulting in loss of function.<ref name="
* Examine the joints on swelling, pain due to palpation, pain due to movement, decreased range of motion, deformation and instability.&nb
32 KB (4,389 words) - 11:20, 18 August 2022
...he [[Sensation|somatosensory]] nervous system’.'' It is a complex, chronic pain state that presents a challenge to patients and clinicians.
...w.practicalpainmanagement.com/pain/neuropathic/pathophysiology-neuropathic-pain (accessed 30.10.2021)</ref>.
26 KB (3,620 words) - 12:28, 20 December 2023
Present Condition: Admitted with leg pain and non-healing right leg ulcer. Patient had the ulcer since an MRSA infect
...es highlighted except reading and watching TV. Patients perceived problem- pain-tender to touch over the underneath aspect of the stump NRS 8/10
<br>
13 KB (2,092 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...A, Stucki G. How to Apply the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for Rehabilitation Management in Clinical Practice. Eur J
* [[Body Mass Index|BMI]] / body shape and body weight
32 KB (4,500 words) - 20:13, 22 September 2023
...ion: a motor control approach for the treatment and prevention of low back pain. 2. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2004. </ref><ref>Richardson CA. The
...uch conditions can eventually cause side effects such as [[Pain Mechanisms|pain]] and inflammation. Janda attributes these predicted patterns to a large ex
35 KB (5,117 words) - 17:46, 11 March 2024
...ogy leading to amputation]]). As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb such as malignancy, [[Infection P
...amputation of an arthritic femoral head and prosthetic replacement ([[Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score|total-hip replacement]])<ref name="Moore">
20 KB (2,910 words) - 16:18, 21 July 2023
...ty is enhanced by flexor digitorum superficialis muscle contraction of the index and middle fingers. J Orthop Surg Res. 2020 Mar 30;15(1):121.</ref><br>
...ASH Outcome Measure|DASH]] is 30 questions scored from 0-100, 0 meaning no disability. The DASH is well studied and validated with a minimally clinical important
13 KB (1,900 words) - 17:54, 17 October 2020
...is to provide unified and standard language for those working in the area disability.
...). http://www.rehab-scales.org/international-classification-of-functioning-disability-and-health.html (accessed 2 May 2017).</ref>
30 KB (4,501 words) - 18:12, 1 March 2022
...Engelbert R, Calders P. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24487572/ Chronic pain in patients with the hypermobility type of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: eviden
...atients-with-the-hypermobility-type-of-ehlers-danlos-syndrome/ Generalized pain]<ref name="Rombaut" />
20 KB (2,838 words) - 14:49, 30 July 2023
...py.com/article/S1836-9553(11)70045-5/fulltext Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)]
* [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Numeric_Pain_Rating_Scale Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)]
14 KB (1,958 words) - 18:58, 8 March 2024
...osterior musculature, decreased intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative pain.<ref>Mobbs RJ, Li J, Sivabalan P, Raley D, Rao PJ. Outcomes after decompres
* central stenosis- neurogenic claudication, which includes pain, tingling, or cramping sensation in the extremity
13 KB (1,759 words) - 14:43, 29 June 2023
...erber J P, Williams G N, Scoville C R, Arciero R A, Taylor D C. Persistent disability associated with ankle sprains: a prospective examination of an athletic pop
...Care should also be taken to avoid missing the less common causes of ankle pain, namely; small fractures around the ankle and foot (e.g. Pott's fracture) a
15 KB (2,208 words) - 21:34, 9 January 2024
...A, Stucki G. How to Apply the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for Rehabilitation Management in Clinical Practice. Eur J
...osterior Column following a spinal cord injury result in sensory deficits. Pain and temperature are transmitted by the lateral spinothalamic tracts. Light
33 KB (4,849 words) - 12:55, 23 March 2022
...101535.</ref>. Spondylolysis is a common cause of [[Low Back Pain|low back pain.]]
* Low back pain primarily worsening with extension-related activities<ref name=":1" />
33 KB (4,808 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...osteoarthritis (OA) and is currently experiencing increased bilateral knee pain, increased difficulty walking, causing her to skip her usual classes at uni
..." /><ref name=":3">Whitney DG, Kamdar NS. Development of a new comorbidity index for adults with cerebral palsy and comparative assessment with common comor
35 KB (5,340 words) - 21:49, 29 July 2023
...delines|Neck]] and [[Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)|shoulder]] pain
...f>Iqbal M, El-Massry A, Elagouz M, Elzembely H. [https://www.journalor.com/index.php/OR/article/view/22479 Computer vision syndrome survey among the medical
11 KB (1,623 words) - 17:47, 3 February 2022
.../capsule, ligaments and muscles. It refers to a clinical syndrome of joint pain accompanied by varying degrees of functional limitation and reduced quality
...ve changes of atlantodens and atlanto-axial facet joints can contribute to pain, and motion and sensory limitations that increase exponentially with age.&n
30 KB (4,401 words) - 15:01, 23 August 2019
...can be detrimental to patients due to limitations in mobility, significant pain, and weakness.
* In the early stages, there may be pain, the area may be red, warm and swollen. There are not usually symptom
28 KB (4,050 words) - 20:27, 15 July 2022
...ility after stroke: reliability of measures of impairment and disability." Disability and Rehabilitation 1990 12(1): 6-9</ref>
*Excellent correlation with Barthel Index (r = 0.78
15 KB (2,049 words) - 11:24, 24 November 2023
...per management by a multidisciplinary team. The functional impairments and disability of amputees can be described and assessed through a globally accepted frame
...osthesis evaluation questionnaire was completed as well as the Barthel ADL index.
9 KB (1,352 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...008 Jan 1;27(1):183-94.</ref> The pain and [[Disability-Adjusted Life Year|disability]] that results usually limits affected limb movement, though the condition
...d [[Hematological Disorders|hematological diseases]]), as well as [[Cancer Pain|cancer]], allergies, regular medication use, and past history of injury. Ex
18 KB (2,546 words) - 13:46, 18 November 2023
...severity of symptoms varies from mild discomfort to severely debilitating pain.<br>
...ome, pelvic joint syndrome, [[Recognising Pelvic Girdle Pain|pelvic girdle pain]], pelvic relaxation syndrome and most of all symphysis pubis dysfunction.<
24 KB (3,460 words) - 21:20, 27 June 2023
...l Med. 2020 Mar;8(6):299–9. </ref> It is also one of the leading causes of disability. <ref name=":18" />
=== '''Low Back Pain Classification by Duration:''' ===
61 KB (8,853 words) - 12:53, 26 June 2023
...><ref name=":4">César Fernàndez et al.; Manual Therapy for Musculoskeletal Pain Syndromes; Elsevier, 2016 </ref>
...location of the nerve and/or vessel involvement. Symptoms range from mild pain and sensory changes to limb-threatening complications in severe cases.
28 KB (3,738 words) - 18:07, 13 May 2024
...ef>. Due to the broad impact of AS on various lifestyle factors, including pain and particularly quality of life, combined with the absence of a universall
...d pain of the lower back with AS patients commonly reporting stiffness and pain in the lower back, it shows how the improvement identified in the study can
46 KB (6,543 words) - 16:21, 11 October 2023
...ay improve patient’s symptoms when suffering from thoracic and/or referred pain.
* thoracic pain of lower cervical origin,
46 KB (6,453 words) - 13:01, 1 March 2022
...tivation. Inappropriate position of the scapula can also be the reason for pain or any other symptoms.
...red instability overuse syndrome. Clinical features are recurrent shoulder pain while throwing, sudden inability to throw or smash and a feels like 'dead a
37 KB (5,143 words) - 18:19, 17 January 2023
...gative systemic review of the effect of amputation on amputees. Journal of Disability Studies. 2021;7(2). </ref><ref>Abouammoh N, Aldebeya W, Abuzaid R. [https:/
...e limb that will be removed, as well as about the prospect of phantom limb pain, which many patients (who know of other amputees) may be familiar with.<ref
31 KB (4,506 words) - 10:12, 10 January 2023
Patients present with pain on exertion with an altered gait typical of intermittent [https://www.physi
...components is to enhance and minimize the cardiovascular risk, reduce the disability and hence optimize and promote active and healthy lifestyle changes, and to
15 KB (2,073 words) - 15:53, 30 December 2022
...dial epicondyle of the [[humerus]]. Sometimes the patient also experiences pain on the ulnar side of the forearm, the wrist and occasionally in the fingers
...<ref name="polkinghorn">Polkinghorn BS. A novel method for assessing elbow pain resulting from epicondylitis. Journal of chiropractic medicine, vol. 1 n°
26 KB (3,776 words) - 00:23, 5 June 2020
* ''Increase'': HSS Gait and Barthel Index (BI)<ref name="Dam et al">Dam M, Tonin P, De Boni A, Pizzolato, G, Casson S
...eira EC, Mikami K, Robinson RG. Effect of antidepressants on the course of disability following stroke. American Journal Geriatric of Psychiatry 2011;19(12):1007
21 KB (2,970 words) - 11:42, 30 November 2022
Symptoms of cervical spondylosis manifest as neck pain and neck stiffness and can be accompanied by radicular symptoms when there
...dition is associated with a significant burden of disease with substantial disability and economic cost,<ref name=":2" />
26 KB (3,576 words) - 11:32, 15 November 2023
...h CP age, they are at risk for secondary impairments, including stiffness, pain, fatigue and decreased mobility. These challenges can lead to loss of mobil
...his cerebral palsy such as epilepsy, a behavioral disorder and a learning disability, but has no relevant non-CP co-morbid conditions.
40 KB (6,006 words) - 21:57, 16 August 2020
Physical inactivity is one of the leading causes of disability globally and together with factors such as climate change and environmental
** decrease body mass index
15 KB (2,048 words) - 10:42, 23 October 2023
...Cuff Tendinopathy, according to Lewis et al <ref name=":5" />, "refers to pain and weakness, most commonly experienced with movements of shoulder external
...tial tears of the Rotator Cuff tendons" and should exclude: "[[Subacromial Pain Syndrome|subacromial impingement syndrome]], subdeltoid bursitis, [[Frozen
34 KB (5,138 words) - 05:16, 17 November 2022
...ned as ‘a set of interventions designed to optimize functioning and reduce disability in individuals with health conditions in interaction with their environment
# Preventing secondary disability by promoting community reintegration, including resumption of home, family,
22 KB (3,080 words) - 18:53, 17 January 2023
...inal-cord-injury. Accessed 23 Jul 2021</ref> and causes varying degrees of disability depending on the level of lesion in the spinal cord. One of the main goals
* Significantly improves the velocity, distance, and Walking Index Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI) compared to conventional physical therapy in the
10 KB (1,370 words) - 00:25, 3 April 2024
...that the underlying cause of the condition is coming from the [[Myofascial Pain|myofascial]] system. It can be difficult to initially pick up myofascial c
== Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain ==
27 KB (3,897 words) - 11:27, 18 August 2022
...to the adjacent vertebral body causing mechanical or radicular symptoms or pain. It can be due to congenital, acquired, or idiopathic causes. Spondylolisth
...cs radiculopathy for lumbar spondylolisthesis and localized/radiating neck pain for cervical spondylolisthesis.
34 KB (4,705 words) - 17:14, 29 February 2024
* inflammatory back pain, and
...t, tibial tuberosity, and ribs, with patient complaints of musculoskeletal pain at these sites. It is imperative that a complete and thorough history sho
20 KB (2,835 words) - 15:08, 27 June 2023
...pain (sciatica). The most important symptoms of low back pain are pain and disability..
...es BW, Van Tulder MW. Clinical Review, Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain. BMJ 2006;332:1430</ref> Those specific pathologies can be defined as:
38 KB (5,373 words) - 11:21, 28 August 2023
* If pain is present, it can be localized to the hip or referred to the knee, thigh,
* With progression, pain typically worsens with activity.
24 KB (3,459 words) - 13:46, 30 July 2023
...study of the intra-rater reliability in subjects with and without shoulder pain. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2010 Dec;11(1):39.</ref>:
...nce. Accelerate the degenerative process and contribute to dysfunction and pain.<ref name=":6" />
23 KB (3,199 words) - 06:59, 30 April 2020
...d the third leading cause of premature death and disability as measured in Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY). Cerebrovascular disease is the largest neurolog
...s. Stroke is the 5th leading cause of death and the first leading cause of disability. <ref name=":0" /><br>Stroke kills more than 49,000 people each year in the
36 KB (4,905 words) - 20:02, 18 April 2024
...e A, O’Donovan R, Diskin S, McEvoy S, Keohane C, Gormley G. Impairment and Disability Short Course. [[:File:Burns and Plastics.pdf|Physiotherapy in Burns, Plasti
**increased pain
22 KB (3,088 words) - 14:45, 2 May 2024
...and have a major impact on carrying out everyday activities, like fatigue, pain, limitations in [[Hand Function|hand function]], and decreased mobility.<re
...naire Disability Index (HAD-QI)|Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index]]
28 KB (3,819 words) - 12:33, 21 September 2023
...eased risk of [[falls]], harm events, institutionalisation, care needs and disability/death.<ref>Buxton S. An Introduction to Frailty course. Plus. 2020.</ref> I
...nsidered clinically relevant.<ref>Howell D. Gait Deviation Associated with Pain Syndromes in the Pelvis and Knee Course. Plus, 2022.</ref>
16 KB (2,354 words) - 10:51, 30 October 2023
...M, Drakos M. Internal Impingement: A Review on a Common Cause of Shoulder Pain in Throwers. The Physician and Sportsmedicine. (2010) 38:2</ref><ref name="
# Posterior Shoulder Pain
41 KB (5,819 words) - 19:17, 1 November 2022
...005;28(5):434-70.</ref> Upper limb [[Pain Management in Spinal Cord Injury|pain]] is a common complication, occurring in 59 percent of individuals with tet
...lenohumeral joint alignment to prevent shoulder subluxation and associated pain. This can be achieved by applying the wheelchair tray or gutter armrests.
24 KB (3,365 words) - 21:08, 3 March 2023
...ar dyskinesis (Clifton-Smith & Rowley, 2011), low back pain (LBP) and neck pain have also been shown to exhibit faulty breathing mechanics.
...(Beeckmans et al, 2016) found a significant correlation between lower back pain and dysfunctional breathing including both pulmonary pathology and non-spec
76 KB (10,525 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
[[Image:Back pain image.jpg|frame|right]]
...eatures of a small group of adolescents with non-specific chronic low back pain. Manual Therapy. 2010;15(3):240-247.</ref>.'''<u></u>'''
50 KB (7,204 words) - 03:12, 31 May 2022
