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== Effect on bones == *In bones (anisotropic structures), failure occurs more quickly when exposed to a she

...01):037-40.</ref>. The pisiform can be found in the proximal row of carpal bones<ref name=":1" />. ...rom: https://www.imaios.com/en/e-anatomy/anatomical-structure/pisiform-bone-1537019620</ref>. The lateral surface is rough and concave and the medial su

...nd syndrome.] Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2000;32(1):4-10.</ref> # Angio-spasm

...cises/<nowiki/>(accessed 2.1.2022)</ref> eg [[Dumbbell Exercise|Dumbbell]] shoulder press on exercise ball involves concerted work by [[Abdominal Muscles|abdom ...utine Available:https://www.healthline.com/health/fitness-exercise/compound-exercises (accessed 2.1.2022)</ref>

...Available from:https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/histology-of-bone-marrow (last accessed 3.8.2020)</ref>[[File:Bone marrow image.png|right|fram ...6 Bone Marrow] Available from:https://www.thoughtco.com/bone-marrow-anatomy-373236 (last accessed 3.8.2020)</ref>.

...ne reports. 2008 Jan 1;7(1):39-44. Available: https://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2008/01000/Core_Stability_Exercise_Principles.14.aspx (accesse ...d the general population<ref>Donatelli RA. Sports-Specific Rehabilitation-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2006 Oct 11.Available: https://books.google.

...oints Synovial Joints] Available: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/synovial-joints<nowiki/>(accessed 20.6.2021)</ref> ...ts] Available:https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/9-4-synovial-joints/ (accessed 20.6.2021)</ref>.

...r:Sherin Mathew|Sherin Mathew]] as part of the [[Temple University Evidence-Based Practice Project|Temple University EBP Project]] [[File:Anterior-shoulder-dislocation-1.jpeg|thumb|Anterior-shoulder-dislocation|alt=|331x331px]]

...ve Pathology: A Review of the Literature. Open Orthop J. 2017 Feb 28;11:140-53.</ref> ...ligament and suprascapular nerve entrapment. Clin Anat. 2002 Nov;15(6):383-6.</ref>

....gov/pmc/articles/PMC8301671/ Limb development in skeletally-immature large-sized dogs: A radiographic study]. Plos one. 2021 Jul 23;16(7):e0254788.</re ...o L, Angileri V, Morabito S, Cassata G, Macrì F. [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/3/813 Four Unusual Cases of Congenital Forelimb Malformations in Dog

...ed with an artificial joint- a prosthesis. It aims to create a stable, pain-free joint with a functional range of movement when conservative treatments ...he wrist and usually lasts for about 10 to 15 years. Implant survival of 90-100% at five years are mostly reported using newer second generation and thi

...ce the number of transfers and improve time management during trials by pre-setting the seating and wheelchair according to body measurement prior to an * Foot-blocks can also be used to support the wheelchair user’s feet at the corre

...lysis. European journal of trauma and emergency surgery. 2016 Dec;42(6):741-7.</ref> ...ine ski injuries and their prevention. Sports Medicine. 2002 Oct;32(12):785-93.</ref>

[[File:Shoulder bursa.jpg|357x357px|alt=|thumb|The shoulder joint has many ligaments]] ...le from:https://southernhillshospital.com/about/newsroom/framing-within-our-bodies (last accessed 14.2.2020)</ref> Once thought to be inert, they are in

[[File:Shoulder Joint.png|thumb]] The [[Shoulder|shoulder complex]] is a set of 5 highly mobile and stable mechanically interrelated

'''Original Editor''' - [https://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Natalie_Patterson Natalie Patterson] ...20</ref> that makes up the front part of the shoulder. It sits between the shoulder blade and the sternum. There are 2 clavicles in a person, one on the right

...aurasia's Human Anatomy. CBS Publishers & Distributors PVt Ltd.; 2010. p112-13.</ref>. ...the medial lip of the groove on the trapezium thus converts it into a fibro-osseous tunnel that transmits the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis and it

...https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/scapular-shoulder-blade-disorders#:~:text=The%20scapula%2C%20or%20shoulder%20blade,help%20you%20move ...medicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/scapula-fracture-shoulder-blade-fracture#:~:text=What%20is%20a%20scapula%20fracture,from%20the%20back%20or%2

...''' - [[User:Naomi O'Reilly|Naomi O'Reilly]] and [http://relabhs.org/ ReLAB-HS] ...ended for 16 months as a result of COVID-19 and restrictions on indoor team-based sports training. During the time away from National Training Alan had

[[File:1757-1626-1-377-3.jpg|alt=Cleidocranial dysplasia face and shoulders.jpg|thumb|[https://www. ...of Medicine;</ref>. They also have delayed closure of the gaps between the bones of the skull, which results in a large and prominent forehead<ref name=":0"

...sculoskeletal assessment]. Nursing made incredibly easy. 2004 May 1;2(3):46-50.</ref> ...University of Western Ontario. Available from: <nowiki>https://rheum.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/The_Musculoskeletal_Screening_Examination_Booklet.pd

[[Image:Morton's foot comparison.png|thumb|right|Vector-generated image comparing a foot with (left) and without (right) Morton's to ...ally shortened metatarsal length. It can affect any of the five metatarsal bones of the foot and it could be bilateral. Brachymetatarsia of the first metata

...ser:Jamie Keller|Jamie Keller]] as part of the [[Temple University Evidence-Based Practice Project|Temple University EBP Project]] ...ated in the wrist]. These eight bones are arranged into two rows with four bones in each.

'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Alyssa Brooks-Wells|Alyssa Brooks-Wells]] ...atomy. The Axilla Region. Available from: https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/areas/axilla/ (accessed 15 September 2020).</ref>.

[[File:Ankle-Sprains.jpg|right|frameless|460x460px]] ...nt rupture can occur at the midsubstance of the ligament or at the ligament-bone junction.<ref name=":2" /> Sometimes an [[Avulsion Fractures of the Ank

...er limb's movements. As a physiotherapist with a keen focus on patient well-being, delving into the nuances of humerus anatomy opens up a myriad of poss In the dynamic field of physiotherapy, an in-depth understanding of humerus anatomy is instrumental in tailoring interven

...d their tendons, which provide strength and stability during motion to the shoulder complex. They are also referred to as the SITS muscle, with reference to th ...ts the muscle and tendons, as they are in close contact to the surrounding bones.

...der [[bursitis]] (inflammation of a bursa) is one of the leading causes of shoulder pain. It can lead to lost workdays and, in some cases, even disability. ...oclavicular bursa 5. supraacromial bursa. 6 medial extension of subacromial-subdeltoid bursa |alt=|center|569x569px]]

...mek-Piotrowska W, Mazur M, Kuniewicz M, Bonczar T. Anatomy of Guyon's canal-a systematic review. Folia Medica Cracoviensia. 2014;54(2).</ref> ...ish RA. Clinical anatomy of the hand. Reumatologia clinica. 2012 Dec 1;8:25-32.</ref>

...sing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.] Acta Oto-Laryngologica 2006;126:445-448.</ref>&nbsp; ...roma cases<ref name="Merck" /><ref name="roa" /><ref name="Errani" /> and 5-25% in multiple osteochondromas.<ref name="Merck" /><ref name="Woertler" />

...carpi radialis''' inserts at the bases of the second and third metacarpal bones. The innervation of this muscle is provided by the Median nerve(C6-C7).

...apula]. 2021 Available from: <nowiki>https://www.theskeletalsystem.net/arm-bones/scapula.html</nowiki>. (accessed August 16 2023).</ref>. The main part of the scapula, the body, consists of a somewhat triangular-shaped flat blade, with an inferiorly pointing apex, referred to as the infe

Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a complex condition presenting due to abnormal fusion Image 1: [[X-Rays|X-ray]] showing fused cervical vertebrae as seen in Klippel–Feil syndrome

...edicine Insights: Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2012 Jan;5:CMAMD-S8443.</ref> ...te]] bones and also from the palmar ligaments of the distal row of carpals bones. <ref name=":1">Caetano EB, da Cunha Nakamichi Y, de Andrade RA, Sawada MM,

== Age-related Changes in Connective Tissue == # Age-associated alterations in matrix molecule cross-linking

...nute Sports Medicine Consult [Internet]. Wolters Kluwer Health; 2011. p. 56-57</ref>. Common sites include<ref name=":0" />:[[Image:Bursitis prepatellar ..._internal bone]. A bursa is filled with a thin layer of [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Synovium_&_Synovial_Fluid?utm_source=physiopedia&utm_medium=search

...n is marked by the breakdown of one or more of the disks that separate the bones of the spine, which provide cushioning between the vertebrae and absorb pre ...others may feel stiffness and/or pain in the neck, shoulders, between the shoulder blades, or lower back.

....<ref>Radiopedia Shoulder Joint Available:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/shoulder (accessed 14.4.2022)</ref> ...4. inferior angle of scapula 15. lateral border of scapula 16. scapula|alt=Shoulder]]

.../www.sciencedirect.com/referencework/9780123849533/encyclopedia-of-food-and-health [accessed 12/9/2023]</ref> ...a honeycomb structure with tiny holes to keep them light and springy. When bones reduce their mineral density they have much larger holes as well as thin co

'''Original Editor '''- [https://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Chelsea_Mclene Chelsea Mclene] ...ef>Cervical Rib. NHS. Available from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cervical-rib/ [ last accessed 05/11/2020]</ref> which grows from the base of the neck

...retching and compression of the muscles, ligaments, and sometimes also the bones and nerves of the cervical spine. ...BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2018;4:e000299. doi:10.1136/ bmjsem-2017-000299</ref>

...s injuries of the clavicle and its articulation. JBJS. 1967 Jun 1;49(4):774-84.</ref> '''The SC joint is formed by the articulation of three bones'''<ref name=":3" />''':'''

...Flexion Angles of the Annular Ligament.] Orthop Surg. 2022 Nov;14(11):2837-2844.</ref> Therefore, any instability caused by injury to the elbow structu ...: adventitious, subcutaneous, [[Synovial Fluid Analysis|synovial]], and sub-muscular.

...files: overview and current state of art. Acta Biomed. 2017 Apr 28;88(1):11-16. doi: 10.23750/abm.v88i1.5309. PMID: 28467328; PMCID: PMC6166197.]</ref>. ...of injury due to compressive loading. J Athl Train. 2005 Jul-Sep;40(3):155-61. PMID: 16284634; PMCID: PMC1250253.]</ref>.

...иоцефалия,] [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode CC BY-SA 3.0]. ...Plagiocephaly Available:https://www.childrens.health.qld.gov.au/fact-sheet-plagiocephaly/ (accessed 8.10.2021)</ref>

[[File:Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand PIL.png|thumb|Palmar Interosseous Muscle-Hand]] ...enzuela M, Bordoni B. [https://europepmc.org/article/med/30725850 Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Hand Palmar Interosseous Muscle.] In: StatPearls. StatPearl

...the ‘nerve of Kuntz’revisited.] The Journal of Anatomy. 2001 Dec;199(6):675-82.</ref> The ribs form the main structure of the thoracic cage that pro ...ercostal arteries.<ref>https://radiopaedia.org/articles/supreme-intercostal-arteries</ref>

...in a young woman.] Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology 2014;15(3):231-4.</ref> ...w image - © Kenhub https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/supraspinatus-muscle</ref>

...ca [serial on the Internet]. (2010, Oct), [cited April 4, 2012]; 42(5): 214-219. Available from: Academic Search Premier.</ref> ...ong term results of combined radio surgical treatment. Thorax. 1997; 52:284-6</ref>

...m:https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-642-36801-1_49-1#citeas (last accessed 14.3.2020)</ref> ...my Animated Tutorial Available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyl6eoU-3Rg&app=desktop (last accessed 30.3.2020)</ref>