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== Clinical Practice Guidelines == ...arakat R. [https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/52/21/1339 2019 Canadian guideline for physical activity throughout pregnancy.] Br J Sports Med. 2018 Nov 1;52(21)

...ine is based on a systematic review of clinical evidence - the main source for evidence-based care. The benefits of clinical practice guidelines include<ref name="Moore" />:

...ognitive Impairment and Dementia in Patients Visiting an Outpatient Clinic in the Netherlands]. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders. 2020 Jul;34(3 * It has also been recommended for the screening of cognition in [[Depression|depressed]] patients<ref>Special Report, Expert Consensus Guid

...oncology practice. The information on this write up will elaborate on how physiotherapy contributes to geriatric oncology practice. ...ih.gov/17287242/ Estimates of the cancer incidence and mortality in Europe in 2006]. Annals of oncology. 2007 Mar 1;18(3):581-92.</ref>

...ty: a systematic review of systematic reviews.] European Journal of Public Health. 2019 Feb 1;29(1):182-9. Available from:https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/art * Is a growing global public health challenge as populations age and the prevalence of long-term conditions ris

...disability, poor general health and mortality. They also impact on mental health ...of Physical Activity on Musculoskeletal System. Heath Guidance for Better Health. [http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/16255/1/Influence-of-Physical-Activit

...last 30 years, people have been prescribed increasing number of medicines, in particular [[Medication and Older People|older people]]. The reasons are ma * A rise in [[multimorbidity]] and ageing populations

'''Environmental Physiotherapy - A new forest for physiotherapy practice, research and education''' ...ifferent ways that the environment is related to virtually every aspect of physiotherapy practice, research and education.

...roline Cater|Caroline Cater]] as part of the [[World Physiotherapy Network for Amputee Rehabilitation Project]] ...in South Australia]. 2012</ref>.&nbsp;The physiotherapist plays a key role in coordinating patient rehabilitation<ref name="BACPAR" />. <br>

...many patients. Physiotherapists are in a unique position compared to other health care providers to help patients not only recover from an injury through han ...mbers of ACPOHE (Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Occupational Health and Ergonomics).

...pandemic as well as similar historical situations (e.g. the SARS outbreak in 2003). == Mental Health ==

...Resources section at the bottom of this page for links to pelvic and men's health special interest groups.'' ...gical aspects of being male or female– the cultural expectations and roles for femininity and masculinity.<ref>Lips HM. [https://books.google.com/books?hl

...ed [[Chronic Disease|chronic diseases]]. NCDs are collectively responsible for 71% of all deaths worldwide<ref>Noncommunicable diseases, WHO, 1 June 2018 ...aternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional deficiencies, and&nbsp;1% for injuries).<ref name="GBD">Bloom, D.E., Cafiero, E.T., Jané-Llopis, E., Abr

== Defining Occupational Health Research == ...h, therefore, explored issues such as hazards, trends and work related ill-health.<ref name=":0" />

...vironments.” <ref name=":2">World Report on Disability 2011. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK3 ...sider throughout the rehabilitation process. <ref name=":0" /> The context in which rehabilitation occurs also greatly greatly influences the range and a

[[File:Wheelchair 4.jpg|thumb|Psychosocial considerations in spinal cord injury]] ...aving a role to play in both the incidence and progression of these mental health problems.<ref name=":7">Chevalier Z, Kennedy P, Sherlock O. Spinal cord inj

...eck Pain and Its Associated Disorders describes Neck pain as "pain located in the anatomical region of the neck with or without radiation to the head, tr ...espread hyperalgesia on palpation and in both passive and active movements in neck and shoulder area<ref name="Misailidou et al.">Misailidou V, Malliou P

...86/s12879-019-3790-0#Sec22 (accessed 31.12.2022)</ref><ref name=":6">World health organisation [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sepsis Sepsi ...regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990–2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study]. The Lancet. 2020 Jan 18;395(10219):200

...al palsy: a need for specialist mental health services. Advances in Mental Health, 2022;20(3): 281-284.</ref> This article highlights the roles of different Goals:<ref name=":2">Gunarathne P. Mental Health Considerations With Cerebral Palsy. Plus Course 2023</ref>

...therapy_Practice|Queen Margaret University's Current and Emerging Roles in Physiotherapy Practice Project]] ...K, Marsh T, Brown M. Modelling Future Trends in Obesity and the Impact on Health. Foresight - Tackling Obesities: Future Choices, 2007</ref>.

...si|Anarème Kpandressi]] &nbsp;as part of the [[World Physiotherapy Network for Amputee Rehabilitation Project]] ...d-most-populous continent. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by t

...sentation are the result of unique mutations scattered throughout the gene in the majority of cases. <ref name=":0" /> ...ue to the cluster of features often seen in these cases. The letters stand for: Coloboma of the eye, [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Anatomy_of_the_Human_He

...ient involvement, practitioners need to take into account costs, resources in the community and the nature of the healthcare system.<ref name=":1" /> ...ads/2016/04/rehabilitation-comms-guid-16-17.pdf NHS Commissioning Guidance for Rehabilitation]

== Patient Access to Physiotherapy or Physical Therapy Services / Entry Point == ...through referral by their primary care physician if they are not hospital in patients. The out patient clinics are mostly affiliated to a major hospital

...h A, Kemp AK, Theetha Kariyanna P. Bone Metastasis. [Updated 2022 Oct 25]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 J ...cancer] for more information. As healthcare professionals, it is important for us to be knowledgeable on the principles, precautions, and contraindication

...It will describe some of the difficulties faced by older amputees, and the physiotherapy assessment and management of this patient. ...ntments, meet friends etc. Mrs. A had a small circle of friends and family in her local area.

...r causing pressure on the brain or near drowning, also continue to be seen in conflict and disaster settings. Given that patients with severe, catastroph ...text.asp?2018/1/2/72/249854</ref> All rehabilitation professionals working in disasters and conflicts should be able to provide aftercare information to

...ct on work life or unemployment can negatively affect physical and mental health needing more medical consultations. ...engaging in work life provides many benefits: improved mental and physical health, better social support and financial independence; it is a source of identi

...on-operative treatment for scoliosis; Agnes Chow; Journal of the Hong-Kong physiotherapy association; 1978; Volume 2; p26-32 (A1)</ref><ref name="T. Maruyama">Maruy === Indication for use ===

...aslam">Haslam, D, Sattar, N &amp; Lean, M (2007) Obesity- time to wake up. In: Sattar, N &amp; Lean, M (eds.) ABC of Obesity. Oxford, Blackwell Publishin * According to the WHO in 2016 1.9 billion people were overweight, 600 million of these were obese an

...ncet. 2018 Jun 2;391(10136):2189-2190. </ref>. This approach is increasing in popularity<ref name=":2" />. ...ment|FAI]] is a common cause of [[Hip Pain & Mobility Deficits|hip pain]] in young people, and is caused by the of abnormal contact between [[Acetabulum

...nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7360525/ Neuropsychiatric issues after stroke: Clinical significance and therapeutic implications]. World journal of psychiatry. 20 ...isorders following stroke, discusses assessment steps and tools for mental health disorders, and gives a basic overview of interventions from a multidiscipli

...on is an extreme procedure it may in fact lead to a better quality of life for the patient versus man ...children that no longer live at home. She previously worked as a secretary in a school but retired 3 years ago and since retirement has become a keen gar

...ref name=":4" />. Some estimates of lifetime prevalence are as high as 84% in the adult population<ref name=":4" />. A systematic review demonstrated an ...European guidelines is that low back pain is “pain that occurs posteriorly in the region between the lower rib margin and the proximal thighs”.<ref nam

[[File:Back pain image.jpg|thumb|CLBP: common in society.]] Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is defined as lower back pain lasting for longer than 12 weeks or 3 months, even after an initial injury or underlyin

...l therapies, long-term survival and [[Palliative Care Competence Framework for Physiotherapists|palliation]] are possible with minimal adverse effects to ...in metastasis are associated with poor survival outcomes and pose distinct clinical challenges<ref>Boire A, Brastianos PK, Garzia L, Valiente M. [https://pubme

...icine is 60 years old: the history and future of the intensive care unit.] Clinical medicine. 2014 Aug;14(4):376. </ref> ...secondary and tertiary care, with the majority of these services delivered in the secondary-care setting.<ref name=":2" />

...icine professional working directly with the athlete or team. When working in a professional sports environment, the physiotherapist may be part of a lar ...all levels, as well as to physically active people and those who take part in recreational exercise.

...ist”.<ref name=":0">Afolabi I. Overview and Introduction to Women's Pelvic Health Course. Plus , 2021.</ref> Women’s health physiotherapists typically treat female issues such as:<ref name=":0" />

...u C. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32125915/ Quality of palliative care in identified palliative care beds.] International Journal of Palliative Nursi ...goals attainable.<ref name="Kumar 2010">Kumar SP, Jim A. Physical Therapy in Palliative Care: From Symptom Control to Quality of Life: A Critical Review

...Resources section at the bottom of this page for links to pelvic and men's health special interest groups.''[[File:Sexual activity.png|thumb|449x449px|Three ...onal must look at the broader prospective of the patient's sexual activity in order to accurately diagnose and treat the underlying causes of the dysfunc

...ed Effects of a classroom-based yoga intervention on cortisol and behavior in second-and third-grade students: a pilot study]. Journal of evidence-based ...ef>{{#ev:youtube|m5shAsL3Zqc|width}}<ref>How to do Yoga (Surya Namaskar) ? for children. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5shAsL3Z

* Can be undertaken in many different forms, with the common feature that it is achieved at a [[Pu ...es large [[muscle]] groups, can be maintained continuously and is rhythmic in nature.<ref name=":0">Patel H, Alkhawam H, Madanieh R, Shah N, Kosmas CE, V

...mon DP, Lowe J, Mirra SS, Byrne EJ, Lennox G. Consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) Report of the c # Parkinson Disease Dementia: dementia occurring in a patient who receives a diagnosed of Parkinson's disease and then develops

==Developmental Milestones in Children with Down Syndrome== ...ered accurate.<ref>Frank K, Esbensen A. Fine motor and selfcare milestones for individuals with down syndrome using a retrospective chart review. Journal

...ref name=":0">Moore CA, Bokor BR. Anorexia Nervosa. [Updated 2021 Jun 23]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 J ...her  CA, Skocic  S, Rutherford  KA, Hetrick  SE. Family therapy approaches for anorexia nervosa. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 5. Ar

.../36199-Humanity--Inclusion-Clinical-Handbook-web_1.pdf Humanity--Inclusion-Clinical-Handbook.]</ref> ...as during or post sudden onset disaster and conflict situations, the need for basic functional rehabilitation services is overwhelming and critical to pr

...and Panic Disorder Guide. http://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/mental-health-panic-disorder (Accessed 13 March 2011).</ref> It can cause the person to a ...her agoraphobia is present or not. Agoraphobia refers to a irrational fear for places or situations where help is not easily accessed, escape can be diffi

...ing people living with HIV (PLWH) to lead long and health lives.<ref>World Health Organisation.[https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids HIV ...n 2021 (that is less than 75%). There has however been a large improvement in ART access since 2010, when only 7.8 million (about 20% of people living wi

...alth Organization; 2013 Oct.</ref>, most maternal and newborn deaths occur in this period, therefore, proper parent and newborn management and care are v ...sue recovery in the postpartum person. The physiological changes happening in the Late Phase are generally very gradual and subtle.<ref name=":2">Romano

...se in the performance of their activities and without proper management by health personnel can worsen the limitations and slow the rehabilitation process to ...n team, together with the amputee and his/her carer(s)to gain independence in ADL(activities of daily living) was key to success.

...py.ca/Home Canadian Physiotherapy Association] for assistance with content for this article. == What is Global Health? ==

== Definition of Health Literacy == ...ions/i/item/9789289000154 The World Health Organization]. The solid facts: health literacy. </ref> .

...oscience 2005; 30(5): 315-8.</ref> In order to fully understand the shift in assessment and treatment approaches, it is important to understand stress, ...s to help those suffering from various forms of stress. <ref name=":2">WHO guidelines on conditions specifically related to stress

=== Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injuries in LMICs === ...estimates that almost '''90% of the global deaths caused by injuries occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)'''. Traumatic Brain Injury is also

...DJ, Jelsma J. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3929991/ Pain in people living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review.] Journal of the Internati ...ucation intervention for rural amaXhosa women in South Africa.] BMC Public Health. 2021 Dec;21:1-4.</ref>.

...cles M, Grimshaw J. Potential benefits, limitations, and harms of clinical guidelines. BMJ. 1999 Feb 20;318(7182):527-30.</ref> ...emann HJ, Eccles MP, Grimshaw JM, Shekelle P. Developing clinical practice guidelines: types of evidence and outcomes; values and economics, synthesis, grading,

...nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7680716/ The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises ...he Study of Pain (IASP) created the new definition for pain, stated above, in 2020. The description of pain continues with the following notes:

...n 1;87(6):778-88.</ref> As such, we need to consider the range of settings in which rehabilitation takes place and consider the impact of the setting on ...atient surgery centres. In addition, some healthcare services are provided in private offices or homes. <ref name=":0">Epidemiology Training & Resources.

...of returning to school and sport. The patient participates in a course of physiotherapy to treat difficulties with balance, vision, cognition, fainting, pain, stre ...Oct;10(5):676.</ref>. With this in mind, physiotherapists must be vigilant in recognizing when a patient is likely experiencing the condition.

...//www.academicpedsjnl.net/article/S1876-2859(22)00066-3/pdf Best practices in medical documentation: a curricular module]. Academic Pediatrics. 2022 Nov ...rican Physical Therapy Association (APTA). Setting-Specific Considerations in Documentation. 2018</ref>

...therapy-logo.png|thumb|This content has been generously supported by World Physiotherapy]] ...t al. Physiotherapy management for COVID-19 in the acute hospital setting: clinical practice recommendations. J Physiother. 2020;66(2):73-82. </ref>

...nt of Adults with Lower Limb Prostheses, 2nd Edition. Chartered Society of Physiotherapy: London.</ref>&nbsp; ...or patients’ discharge following an amputation, or suggesting determinants for the management of patients post-discharge to maintain their independence th

...e the vaginal orifice, thereby facilitating a difficult delivery resulting in an easily repairable incision compared to an uncontrolled vaginal trauma. < ...l care and more maternal discomfort. Furthermore, the routine use resulted in poor muscle tone, fecal and /or urinary incontinence, and poorer sexual fun

...financial, social and household domains: a systematic review.] Journal of physiotherapy. 2018 Apr 1;64(2):74-83.</ref> ...pdf/gradisar-modifiable-risk-factors-back-pain.pdf Modifiable risk factors in patients with low back pain.] Orthopedics. 2016 May 1;39(3):e413-6.</ref>

...ref name=":0">Simpson R, Robinson L. Rehabilitation after critical illness in people with COVID-19 infection. ''Am J Phys Med Rehabil''. 2020;99(6):470- There is currently no treatment for COVID-19. The management provided in hospital settings is supportive and it is likely that there will be a large

...cles M, Grimshaw J. Potential benefits, limitations, and harms of clinical guidelines. BMJ. 1999 Feb 20;318(7182):527-30.</ref> ...emann HJ, Eccles MP, Grimshaw JM, Shekelle P. Developing clinical practice guidelines: types of evidence and outcomes; values and economics, synthesis, grading,

...ea Prader and Heinrich Willi and Alexis Labhart who described it in detail in 1950s<ref>Prader A, Labhart A,  Willi H. Ein syndrom von adipositas kleinw ...ds for case identification. There is no strong evidence for increased risk in specific countries or gene pools. Both sexes are affected equally<ref name=

...tions in terms of<ref name=":0">Pan-American Health Organisation and World Health Organisation. Rehabilitation considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. P * health outcomes of people

...therapy_Practice|Queen Margaret University's Current and Emerging Roles in Physiotherapy Practice Project]] ...has been scientifically proven to be effective in numerous clinical trials for varying disorders<ref name="B">Beck J. Cognitive Therapy: Basics and Beyond

...therapy_Practice|Queen Margaret University's Current and Emerging Roles in Physiotherapy Practice Project]] ...activity) compared to smoking (s), diabetes (d) and obesity (o) combined - in men (m) and women (w). |alt=|center]]See [[Physical Inactivity]] Link

...therapy_Practice|Queen Margaret University's Current and Emerging Roles in Physiotherapy Practice Project]] ...>Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999-2010. Jama. 2012 Fe

...Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health from the Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association<b ...Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health from the Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association.

...assessment of a patient is highly valuable to rehabilitation professionals in an emergency setting. It can save time by avoiding duplication later on, bu Whilst each profession, and in some cases each clinical condition, may have their own specific assessment protocols, there are seve

...6;9:455.</ref> Each member of the team has important contributions to make in the care of the affected child. ...les/10.1186/1471-2431-8-14 Effectiveness of physical therapy interventions for children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.] BMC pediatrics 2008;8(1

...lenges experienced by the patient, the short-term and long-term goals, the physiotherapy interventions, and the outcomes.   ...ort. After 6 weeks of treatment, the patient made significant improvements in all measured outcomes including cervical range of motion, the [[Community B

...https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2020.05.001 Characteristics of Low Back Pain in Pregnancy, Risk Factors, and Its Effects on Quality of Life]. Pain Manageme .../bs.pmbts.2018.01.006 DNA methylation and psychiatric disorders]. Progress in molecular biology and translational science. 2018 Jan 1;157:175-232.</ref>

...://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/amputation Health and Amputation by John Hopkins Medicine]. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/amputation</nowiki>

== Patient Access to Physiotherapy or Physical Therapy Services<br> == ...the two and the quality of health in all is of high quality.^{<ref>www.health.gov.au</ref>} <br>

...d participation restrictions to identify and reach their optimal physical, mental and social functional level through a patient-focused partnership with fami ...efinitions for concepts relevant to rehabilitation. This serves as a guide for planning, managing and delivering consistent and preferred rehabilitation a

...1 and type 2, with [[Diabetes Mellitus Type 2|Type 2 diabetes]] accounting for nearly 90% of all diabetes cases, with a worldwide prevalence of 537 millio ...ly in many parts of the world and the disease is now a worldwide community health problem.

...unctional disturbances in relation to PGP must be reproducible by specific clinical tests''”<ref name="VLEE" /> .../ The sacroiliac joint: an overview of its anatomy, function and potential clinical implications.] Journal of anatomy. 2012 Dec 1;221(6):537-67.</ref> To read

...''-[[User:Atwongyeire Night|Atwongyeire Night]] as an assignment for the [[Physiotherapy, Exercise and Physical Activity Course|Physical Actvitiy course]] ...k factors is the shorter route to the reduction of increased cases of NCDs in Uganda.

...iques and approaches from different philisophical backgrounds are utilised in Neurological Rehabilitation. Research to support the different approaches v ...me of the approaches used in [[Stroke]] Rehabilitation with evidence based clinical guideline recommendations.

...m a level of almost 0.5% in the seventh decade of life to approximately 2% for those over the age of 80.<ref>Pringsheim T, Jette N, Frolkis A, Steeves TDL ...n Disease Epidemiology, Pathology, Genetics, and Pathophysiology]. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 2020;36(1):1–2.</ref> The aetiology of this disease is

...an only be understood through a proper [[Evidence Based Assessment of Pain in Displaced Persons|pain assessment]], should be considered while framing a t While the overall management of pain in displaced persons is very similar to other populations, the selection of t

...py.ca/Home Canadian Physiotherapy Association] for assistance with content for this article. ...for a European strategy on global health]. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 2006; 34: 561–565</ref>.

...effect of exercise on outcomes after surgery has been extensively studied in a number of populations. The most common populations studied are: Whilst the evidence is good in general terms, unfortunately, as yet there is no clear consensus on the spe

...tial pressure of oxygen (PaO2).<ref>Aronson LA. Hypoxemia. InComplications in Anesthesia 2007 Jan 1 (pp. 637-640). WB Saunders.</ref> ...is a common feature of acutely unwell hospitalised patients and can result in substantial morbidity and mortality if not treated rapidly and appropriatel

...case study include BERG, Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) heel knee shin test, finger to nose test and Fatigue ...causes white matter lesions, also known as plaques, which are responsible for the patients’ symptoms. There are a few different classifications of MS b

...004 Oct 1;8(4):297-306.</ref> Dysfunction in one can lead to a dysfunction in the other (co-dependency). ...n&#x20;humans Respiratory effects of the scalene and sternomastoid muscles in humans]

...ale athlete triad comprises three medical conditions, and is seen commonly in active teen girls: * Estrogen has an important role in [[bone]] development, low levels of estrogen leads to weakened bones and in

...anuary 2016).</ref> <ref name="WHO 2015">World Health Organisation. Mental Health: Schizophrenia. www.who.int/mental_health/management/schizophrenia/en (acce <br>Schizophrenia is a major public health problem and a leading cause of suffering and disability. The extent to whic

...in early life."<ref name=":0" /> IASP also argues that "[a]ctivity induced in the nociceptor and [[Nociception|nociceptive]] pathways by a noxious stimul ...al Activity. Available from https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/pa-health/index.htm (accessed 17 January 2023).</ref>

...chologia, 40, 1690–1705. 9. Office of Public Sector Information (2005) The Mental Capacity Act 2005. <nowiki>http://www</nowiki>. Substance Use and Older Peo ...it/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? Available from: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/could-i-have-adhd/index.shtml#pub1. (accessed 22 May 2020)</re

...hp/macd/article/view/1444 Italian suggestions for pulmonary rehabilitation in COVID-19 patients recovering from acute respiratory failure: results of a D ...from early research that these patients will be in need of rehabilitation in all phases of the disease - acute, post-acute and long-term.

...r RG, Liu JC. Maximizing the potential of minimally invasive spine surgery in complex spinal disorders. Neurosurgical focus. 2008 Aug 1;25(2):E19.</ref>, ...wn to provide significant pain relief as well as a substantial improvement in the height of the collapsed vertebral body and has been found to reduce the

....pdf (last accessed 13 May 2024).</ref> Conservative management strategies for osteoarthritis include education, exercise and weight management. This page ...joint inflammation and loss of normal joint function), that can culminate in illness.”<ref>Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI). Stan

..."The Mental Health Foundation">The Mental Health Foundation. Mental Health in the Workplace: Tackling the effects of stress. http://www.mentalhealth.org. ...hat place an individual under pressure that if left unaddressed can result in psychological, physiological and behavioural changes to an individual.

...ely due to the population presenting with a number of co-morbidities which in turn makes this a complex caseload to work with. == Homelessness in the UK ==