#REDIRECT [[Sacroiliac Compression Test]]
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...mpression Test or Median Compression Test or Durkan’s test is a diagnostic test for [[Carpal Tunnel Syndrome|carpal tunnel syndrome]].
'''Step 3.''' A positive test indicates any numbness, pain, or paresthesia in the distribution of [[Media
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The Passive Compression Test is a provocation test used to determine if there is a Superior Labral Anterior Posterior lesion.<
...rm while pushing it proximally and extending the shoulder. This results in compression of the superior labrum.<br>
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...the area of the supraclavicular fossa. <ref name=":0">Morley's compression test. Oxford Reference''.'' Available at: https://www.oxfordreference.com/vie
To perform the Brachial Plexus Compression Test, the patient is seated upright with the arms beside the body. The examiner
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...isease in case of doubtful diagnosis.<ref name=":0" /> [[Compression|Nerve compression syndrome]] is typically agitated when the middle third of the upper arm is
...e compressed by internal and external causes, resulting in a cervical root compression.
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*[[Crank Test]]
*[[Finkelstein Test]]
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...ih.gov/33054988/<nowiki/>(accessed 8.9.2021)</ref> The SCT is a diagnostic test for [[Carpal Tunnel Syndrome#share|carpal tunnel syndrome]] and [https://ww
'''Step 3.''' While in above position examiner applies scratch over the nerve compression area on affected elbow, then immediately repeat above step 2 (examiner appl
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The bounce home test is used to test the integrity of the menisci. <ref>Dutton M, Magee D, Hengeveld E, Banks K,
The test is '''positive''' if full extension of the knee is not complete or has a ru
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...stretching of the irritated PM, on the other hand provoking sciatic nerve compression.[<ref name="Shah">Shah S,Wang TW. Piriformis syndrome. eMedicine specialiti
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The scarf test, also known as the '''cross-body adduction test''', is used to assess the integrity of the [[Acromioclavicular Joint|acromi
The test is performed by passively bringing the patient's arm into 90 degrees of for
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...nown as the Linscheid Compression Test or Squeeze Test. This is a clinical test used to assess the integrity of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC
The starting position of the patient for the test is sitting position and then the examiner supports the metacarpal shafts wi
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This test is also called Morton's test and it is used to check for a [[Morton's Neuroma|Morton's neuroma]] in the
{{#ev:youtube|1ftsxWLQPJ8|300}}<ref>LearnMuscles.com. Morton's Test for Morton's Neuroma. Available from; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ftsx
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...C6 nerve roots. It is otherwise known as the shoulder abduction test. This test can be suggestive of cervical<ref>Schliesser JS, Kruse R, Fallon LF. [https
...case of a herniated [[Disc Herniation|disc pathology]], spinal nerve root compression, acute neck pain which could be neural related.
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'''Elbow Flexion Test''' is a neurological dysfunction test used to determine the [https://physio-pedia.com/Cubital_Tunnel_Syndrome#sha
...inical validity of the elbow flexion test for the diagnosis of ulnar nerve compression at the cubital tunnel. ''Acta Orthop Belg''. 1998;64(4):366-370.</ref>
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The purpose of O'Brien's Active Compression Test is to indicate potential labral ([[SLAP Lesion|SLAP Lesion]]) or acromiocla
...S, McGlynn SR, Wilson JB. The active compression test: A new and effective test for diagnosing labral tears and acromioclavicular joint abnormality. Am J S
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...radiculopathy (e.g. [[Disc Herniation|disc herniation]] causing nerve root compression).
...til the familiar pain occurs ([[Straight Leg Raise Test|Straight Leg Raise test/Lasegue's Sign]]). Subsequent, the leg is lowered just below the pain thres
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...etal assessment of the cervical spine when looking for cervical nerve root compression causing [[Cervical Radiculopathy]]<ref name="Konin et al">Konin JG, Wiksten
...cher R, Smorgick Y, Mirovsky Y. What is the best way to apply the Spurling test for cervical radiculopathy? Clin.Orthop.Relat.Res. 2012;470(9):2566-2572.
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The Cervical Distraction Test is a diagnostic test for the presence of [[Cervical Radiculopathy]].<ref name="Malange et al">Ma
== Test Position ==
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...e the lumbosacral nerve tension. It is also known as popliteal compression test or Posterior Tibial Nerve stretch sign.<ref>Das JM, Nadi M. [https://www.nc
...lly, examiner performs [[Straight Leg Raise Test|Straight Leg Raise ( SLR) test]] in which the examiner lifts the leg with the extended knee. Examiner rais
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'''Elbow Plica Impingement Test''' is used to determine the [[Plica Syndrome|plica syndrome]] or synovial f
==== Posterolateral radiocapitellar plica test ====
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...provocation tests gives valid evidence for sacroiliac dysfunction. <br>The test is also known as:
*Sacral compression test
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...int]] (SIJ) Compression Test or “Approximation Test” is a pain provocation test which stresses the [[Sacroiliac Joint|SIJ]] structures, in particular, the
Negative Test: No pain or pain other than patient's pain reproduction<br>
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...rature suggests that it is used alongside with the ankle external rotation test.<ref name=":0">de César PC, Ávila EM, de Abreu MR. [http://citeseerx.ist.
The squeeze test compresses the proximal fibula against the tibia to assess the integri
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...formed instead of or in addition to the [[Noble's test|Noble]] Compression Test when the patient complains of lateral knee pain and sometimes crepitus when
...g firm pressure (Renne 1975, Linenger 1992)<ref name=":1">Knee Orthopaedic Test - A Strategic Approach to Assessing the Knee; University of Western States,
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...the modified [[Ober's Test|Ober’s test]] and the [[Renne test|Renne Creak test]]. <ref name="Kasunich 2003">Kasunich NJ. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
....jpg|Iliotibial band|alt=|right|frameless]]Relevant anatomy related to the test is knowledge of the iliotibial band. It starts as the [https://www.physio-p
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...cutaneous branch of the median nerve (PCBMN) and the absence of common CTS test findings. The PCBMN branches off of the median nerve proximally to the carp
...ndrome]] (AIN Syndrome) is another disorder that can occur with anatomical compression at the elbow, similar to PTS. However, AIN Syndrome presents strictly as a
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...action test where a pain response indicates joint inflammation and volar compression of the first metacarpal base which also indicates joint inflammation<r
[[File:Grind test fig1.jpg|center|thumb|367x367px|https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P
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...acic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)]]. It is also known as the “elevated arm stress test” or "EAST".<br>
*In case of arterial compression: arm pallor with arm elevated, reactive hyperemia when limb is lowered
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...ac joint]]. It was developed by the orthopaedic physician James Mennell to test for [[Spondyloarthropathy--AS|spondyloarthropathy]] diseases such as [[Anky
...precise results this test was then further developed into the Three-Phases Test.
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...bmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/469603/ Hudgins WR. The crossed-straight-leg-raising test. New England Journal of Medicine. 1977;297(20):1127–.] </ref>.
...and is more specific than the [[Straight Leg Raise Test|straight leg raise test]]<ref>[https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD007431.p
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...u>Chronic pain management in the extremities</u>. In this technique, joint compression, muscular contraction or stretch is used as an the pain provoking stimuli a
...es). By chance I discovered that if I applied an acceptable pain producing compression force with movement for '''20 seconds''' the pain would often disappear or
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Resisted AC Joint Extension Test (or the AC Resisted Extension Test) is used to help identify acromioclavicular joint pathology in both traumat
#A positive test is pain at the AC joint
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To test for the likelihood of a patient with low back pain responding to a stabiliz
...the patient may hold table to maintain position) and posterior to anterior compression is applied again to the lumbar spine while the trunk musculature is contrac
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The posterior pelvic pain provocation test is a pain provocation test used to determine the presence of [[Sacroiliac Joint|sacroiliac dysfunction
The test is also known as:
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Tinel's test is used to test for compression neuropathy, commonly in diagnosing [[Carpal Tunnel Syndrome|carpal tunnel s
'''Positive test:''' The test is positive when a tingling or prickling sensation is felt in the distribut
4 KB (476 words) - 15:42, 23 May 2021
...o known as the quadrant test and extension-rotation test) is a provocative test useful for diagnosing pain related to [[Facet Joint Syndrome|facet joint pa
....<ref>Radiopedia Kemp Test Available:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/kemp-test?lang=gb (accessed 26.9.2022)</ref>
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This test also called labral crank test or compression rotation test is used to identify glenoid labral tears and assess an unstable superior la
...ated in the scapular plane. The test can be repeated in supine. A positive test is indicated during the maneuver (usually during external rotation) if ther
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.... 1929;178(2):237-243. </ref>,<ref>Asif M & Sarkar, P. Three-Digit Allen's Test. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2007; 84 (2):686-687. </ref>
...s since been adapted as the Modified Allen test (MAT). In Allen's original test, both hands were tested simultaneously by the examiner compressing one arte
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...njections with anesthetic. Magnetic resonance arthrography as a diagnostic test for acetabular labral tears has been shown to demonstrate 66%-71% sensitivi
...n=ongoing_internal#share Flexion-adduction-internal rotation test (FADDIR TEST)] ( [https://physio-pedia.com/Test_Diagnostics#share Sensitivity] 0.95 to 0
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...can be seen in suprascapular nerve compression in the spinoglenoid notch, compression of the nerve in the spinoglenoid notch is usually due to a ganglion cyst.<r
...degrees. Lateral rotation of the shoulder is done against resistance, the test is positive if there is pain or weakness. <ref>Maruvada S, Madrazo-Ibarra A
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Maudsley's test is used by clinicians to confirm the diagnosis of [[Lateral Epicondylitis]]
...e and tendon, while palpating the patient’s lateral epicondyle. A positive test is indicated by pain over the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
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...Test for Blood Flow|radial artery]] and the deep branch of the [[The Allen Test for Blood Flow|ulnar artery.]]
* [[Brachial Plexus|brachial plexus]] compression
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...[[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome]] accompanied by compression of the subclavian artery by a cervical rib or tightened anterior and middle
The test can be performed with the patient in either sitting or standing with their
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The Champagne Toast Test or Sign is used to isolate the [[supraspinatus]].
...spine. It participates in shoulder abduction besides being involved in the compression of the humeral head against the glenoid as well as being considered one of
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...nerve-between-the-split-tendon-of-brachioradialis-muscle-A-case-report.pdf Compression of radial nerve between the split tendon of brachioradialis muscle: a case
...ttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0363502309008764 Unusual compression neuropathies of the forearm, part I: radial nerve]. The Journal of hand sur
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Repeat each test 3 times and calculate an average. Calibrate equipment at least annually<ref
...ww.youtube.com/watch?v=_UPRomXnw-k|width}}<ref>kuhealthprofessionals Pinch test Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_UPRomXnw-k (last accessed
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...the presence of sacroiliac joint region dysfunction using a combination of test: a multicenter intertester reliability study.” , 2002. Journal of the ame
...bility of physical therapists to palpate intrapelvic motion with the stork test on the support side.”, Journal of American Physical therapy Association,
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* [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic outlet syndrome]] due to compression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus or subclavian artery.
* Compression of the [[Brachial Plexus|brachial plexus]] may be identified by weakness of
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To test for [[Carpal Tunnel Syndrome|carpal tunnel syndrome]] (CTS)
The phalen’s test is a provocative test used in the diagnosis of [[Carpal Tunnel Syndrome|CTS]]. This occurs when t
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...ntice Hall; 2008.</ref>. This test is not to be confused with the quadrant test for the lumbar spine.<ref name="p6">Lyle MA, Manes S, McGuinness M, Ziaei S
...Evidence level: 5 grade of recommendation: F</ref><ref name=":1" />. This test is also capable to detect early hip degeneration.<ref name="p5">Manning C,
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==== 1. Standard Test - Schaeffer's Test ====
* The first test developed in 1909
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...]</ref>. The test is performed in conjunction with the Apley's distraction test.
...m, provocative tests, including Apley's Grind test and Apley's Distraction test, alongside advanced imaging such as MRI. Diagnosis of meniscal injuries can
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...the first rib and the clavicle. The neurovascular bundle is vulnerable to compression in this space.<ref name="p2" />
...nd fatigueability of the arms as they stood at attention.The mechanisms of compression involved downward movement of the clavicle against the first rib with a res
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...therapist to prevent both side bending and rotation of the segment. Slight compression is applied through the crown of the head to facilitate atlanto-occipital si
...linical testing. Man Ther. 1995;27:19–32.</ref>. For a side-bending stress test to be considered positive for an alar ligament lesion, excessive movement i
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...en bilaterally contracted and lateral flexion upon unilateral contraction, compression causes increase in the intraabdominal pressure<ref name=":0" />
{{#ev:youtube|v=KAX_CT98yKs|300}}<ref>MMT Manual muscle test internal and external obliques Dr. Bryan - Physical Therapist.. Available f
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...st used in combination with other specific tests. A synonym is the Vorlauf test.
...ons. Inter-examiner and intra-examiner reliability of the standing flexion test. Manual Therapy (1999); 4(2), 87-93fckLRLevel of evidence: C</ref> Some aut
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...urely sensory, purely motor or both depending on the location of the nerve compression.<ref name=":0">Aleksenko D, Varacallo M. [https://www.statpearls.com/articl
Injury to the distal ulnar nerve can be due to compression, trauma, inflammation or vascular insufficiency.
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Nerve compression syndrome, compression neuropathy, nerve entrapment, or a "pinched" peripheral nerve. <br>
...ss of function (motor and/or sensory) of the nerves as a result of chronic compression. To adequately diagnose a nerve entrapment, it is important to know the neu
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...the two heads of the pronator teres (83% of arms) where it is at risk for compression.<ref name=":1">Doyle, J. Surgical Anatomy of the Hand and Upper Extremity.
...s), and likely pain with resisted pronation. The [[Pronator Teres Syndrome Test]] would likely be positive. In addition, there may be history of repetitive
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...lar Canal Scheme Al-Redouan.png|thumb|Common sites for suprascapular nerve compression]]
Compression neuropathy resulting from [[nerve entrapment]] is the most common cause of
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...f the Achilles tendon by squeezing the calf. It is performed as a clinical test to identify the presence of a complete [[Achilles Rupture|Achilles rupture]
...y JH. Spontaneous rupture of tendon of Achilles: a new clinical diagnostic test. J Trauma. 1962 Mar;2:126-9.</ref>
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...ug;8(4):427.</ref> Reproduction of pain, and weakness during these special test were considered clinically diagnostic.
...n high sensitivity or specificity; and as a result combination of tests or test clusters, often referred to as [[Clinical Prediction Rules|clinical predict
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...ssed by the brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus tendon. The compression on the radial nerve increases with forearm pronation. It results in sensory
The brachioradialis tendon is used clinically to test C6 spinal nerve root. Which is affected in C5-C6 disc herniation.<ref name=
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...me=":1" /> Due to increased pain and swelling acutely, the anterior drawer test has been found to have a markedly increased sensitivity when performed 4 to
...foot in plantar flexion to evaluate the integrity of the ATFL. A positive test result is 5° to 10° of increased inversion as compared with the non-injur
9 KB (1,360 words) - 11:45, 3 August 2022
...he [[Ankle Joint|ankle]]. Anterior ankle impingement syndrome results from compression of structures during dorsiflexion at the anterior margin of the tibiotalar
Positive Test: Pain reproduced from combined movement with thumb pressure and
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...iagnostic tool used in the assessment of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain. This test battery consists of 4 (or 5) tests designed to diagnose nociception in the
<br> Test Item Cluster (TIC) is a group of special tests which are developed to facil
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...st used to assess load transference through the pelvis. It is an important test in diagnosing [[Recognising Pelvic Girdle Pain|Pelvic Girdle Pain]] (PGP).<
The aSLR test is considered positive when it elicits pain in the lumbo-pelvic region or i
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...dinburgh, 1994, Churchill Livingstone.</ref> and hence also known as Elvey test but most commonly called ULTT. The ULTT's are equivalent to the straight le
...rvical spine ]]ULTT are performed to assess peripheral nerve mobility and compression or as a part of [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Neurodynamic_Assessment neur
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...b Tension Tests (ULTTs) are also known as Brachial Plexus Tension or Elvey Test.<ref name="magee">Magee DJ.Orthopaedic physical assessment.5th edition.Else
These tension tests are performed to check the peripheral nerve compression or as a part of neurodynamic assessment. The main reason for using a ULTT i
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..., [[Sacroiliac Compression Test|Compression Test]] and the [[Sacral Thrust Test]].<ref name="laslett 2005">Laslett M, Aprill CN, McDonald B, Young SB. [htt
...k, NY: McGraw Hill Companies. 2008:523-4.</ref> This test is often used to test for [[spondyloarthritis]], sciatica, or other forms of [[Rheumatoid Arthrit
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There is no specific test for the DRUL but several physical exams testing the TFCC can possibly indic
* '''[[Carpal Compression Test|TFCC compression test]]''': Pain is reproduced with ulnar deviation whilst forearm is in the neu
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[[The Allen Test for Blood Flow|'''Allen's test''']] for suspected ulceration.
'''Laboratory tests,''' as there is not any specific laboratory test for the diagnosis of this disease but the laboratory tests are done to exc
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...com/doi/abs/10.1177/107110070102200414 The passive axial compression (PAC) test: A new adjunctive provocative maneuver for the clinical diagnosis of halluc
...ect of the first metatarsophalangeal joint are in a relaxed position. This test is helpful for the physiotherapist to perform his diagnosis of sesamoiditis
9 KB (1,317 words) - 09:52, 14 August 2018
...J Med Spec 2010; 1(1):44-45</ref> should be followed while performing this test:
{{#ev:youtube|q_4gpNizwPg}}<ref>CRTechnologies. Hoffmann's Sign Test (CR). Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_4gpNizwPg (accessed
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* [[Ulnar Nerve Entrapment|Ulna nerve compression]] signs and symptoms - usually sensory<ref name=":2" />.
Athletes may also present for ulnar nerve compression symptoms, which are usually sensory<ref name=":2" />. <br>
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A test is positive if one or more of the following is found:
...neurological tissues as well as their sensitivity to mechanical stress or compression. These tests, along with relevant history and decreased range of motion, ar
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...ases of AIN syndrome arise secondary to transient neuritis, although nerve compression and trauma are known etiologies as well. <ref name=":0" />
...ndrome, and compression neuropathy. The most common site of AIN entrapment/compression is the tendinous edge of the deep head of the pronator teres muscle. Rheum
10 KB (1,460 words) - 09:50, 21 June 2021
*[[Lachman Test|Lachman's Test]]
*[[Anterior Drawer Test of the Knee|Anterior drawer]]
12 KB (1,651 words) - 11:13, 16 November 2023
...vocal syndrome, is a rare condition that causes hoarseness of voice due to compression or traction of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) by a cardiovascular
* Exercise stress test
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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is assessed using Adam’s forward bend test<ref name=":5">Alves VLDS, Avanzi O. [https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-785220162
==== '''Spinal Compression''' ====
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* Compression
...e treatment plane in both assessment and treatment. Translatoric traction, compression and gliding joint play movements are applied to assess joint function and t
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* Fracture/Dislocation (Positive Elbow Extension Test)
The goal in performing functional test is to obtain and quantify an asterisk sign to assess and reassess after int
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...m_source=physiopedia&utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=ongoing_internal#share compression of the posterior interosseous nerve] at the level of the proximal forearm.
...superficial supinator. Structures within the radial tunnel that can cause compression of the DBRN include, proximally,
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...:72–81. </ref> See the video below for a demonstration of the Sharp-Purser Test.
...outube| j_qFxxCq7fY|300}}<ref>The Student Physical Therapist. Sharp-Purser Test. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_qFxxCq7fY [last accessed
19 KB (2,698 words) - 12:04, 19 March 2024
...SF): caused by repetitive loading of the femoral neck that leads to either compression side (inferior-medial neck) or tension side (superior-lateral neck) stress
...e attempted for patients without a visible fracture line on radiographs in compression type injuries. This injury is common in runners.
12 KB (1,695 words) - 09:58, 10 May 2024
...of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2003; 19(8): 850–854. (1B)</ref> The test can be used if pain is localised to either the medial or lateral aspect of
...uted in a sitting position, with the knee in a flexed position of 90°. The test can be executed for the lateral border of the knee (lateral meniscus) and f
16 KB (2,455 words) - 18:42, 24 May 2022
...ev:youtube|gFM25GC-Llc|250}} <ref>Physical Therapy Nation. Reagan's Ballot Test. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFM25GC-Llc [last accessed
...Examine for pain, laxity, and crepitus, which are positive signs for this test. <ref name="(1)" />
9 KB (1,335 words) - 18:12, 25 April 2024
...-pedia.com/Lumbar_Radiculopathy Lumbar radiculopathy] is usually caused by compression of a lumbar nerve root, resulting in symptoms which radiate down the legs.
The primary cause of lumbar radiculopathy is compression of the nerve root.<ref>Amjad F, Mohseni-Bandpei MA, Gilani SA, Ahmad A, Han
16 KB (2,431 words) - 01:38, 27 February 2024
<br>The patellofemoral joint is exposed to high compression forces.<ref name=":0" />
Compression forces at the patellofemoral joint:<ref name="p1" />
19 KB (2,822 words) - 12:14, 20 November 2023
...establish this test<ref name=":2">Camino GO, Piuzzi NS. Straight Leg Raise Test [Internet]. Nih.gov. StatPearls Publishing; 2019. Available from: <nowiki>h
This test places tensile stresses on the [[Sciatic Nerve|sciatic nerve]] and of tract
15 KB (2,227 words) - 22:08, 21 March 2023
* Were any diagnostic test/imaging performed and what were the results?
* Hypothenar Eminance (3 muscles of little finger, Atrophy with ulnar nerve compression)
12 KB (1,621 words) - 02:26, 28 January 2023
...be evident but it may appear normal in radiographs and the scaphoid shift test will either cause a “clunking” sound or it will be painful to the patie
...ium=search&utm_campaign=ongoing_internal#share Scaphoid Shift Test (Watson Test)] ===
13 KB (1,833 words) - 11:55, 21 September 2022
...itive test indicates ulnar nerve neuropathy but does not determine site of compression (Guyon’s canal, cubital tunnel, arcade of Struthers).
...squeeze the little finger to the remainder of the hand indicates positive test for ulnar neuropathy.
8 KB (1,232 words) - 13:57, 10 September 2021
...ysio-pedia.com/Radiculopathy Radiculopathy] typically is a mechanical root compression , most commonly caused by:
Other possible causes of mechanical root compression are a [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Skeletal_Metastases metastatic tumor], t
10 KB (1,299 words) - 12:41, 25 April 2020
...ion, which is caused by repeated energy storage and release with excessive compression. Over time, if untreated, a tendinopathy can lead to sudden injury and rupt
Your health care professional may also want to test you range of motion, strength, and flexibility where there is suspected ten
9 KB (1,455 words) - 07:07, 18 June 2022
...xtrinsic muscles, intrinsic muscle injuries are yet relevant. Median nerve compression at carpal's tunnel will affect the muscles of the thenar compartment. Blunt
...ulnar nerve is involved. Cyclist are prone to this kind [[Cyclist's palsy|compression]].
12 KB (1,871 words) - 14:47, 24 June 2023
* Compression of the fibula head during surgery e.g. tourniquet<ref name=":1" />
==Common Peroneal Tension Test==
10 KB (1,509 words) - 06:14, 30 March 2022
...activities.<ref>Jacobson G, Newman C, Hunter L, Balzer G. Balance function test correlates of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory. J Am Acad Audiol. 1991;2:25
Peripheral Neuropathies (chemotherapy induced), Anesthesia/Dysesthesias (with compression or surgical dissection of nerves), Motor Function Loss and Radiation Plexop
11 KB (1,414 words) - 23:21, 26 November 2023
== Pre-Test ==
...Run Forever Sports. Available from https://runforeversports.com/pages/foot-compression-sleeves-sizing [last accessed 05/11/2020]
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...30mm Hg. [[File:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.png|300x300px|Fig.1 Median nerve compression.|right|frameless]]
...ndrome results from increased pressure in the carpal tunnel and subsequent compression of the median nerve. The most common causes of carpal tunnel syndrome incl
20 KB (2,727 words) - 14:25, 31 August 2023
...eurological injury can be the result of mechanical trauma causing stretch, compression or transection of the nerve tissue. Additionally, a compromise of the blood
...oot drop]] occurs mostly in short women and is caused by lumbosacral trunk compression by the fetal head at the pelvic brim primary pathology being predominantly
9 KB (1,269 words) - 11:09, 22 August 2022
...ence of a direct blow over the hypothenar eminence or a strong dorsopalmar compression<ref name=":0" />.
* Pull test: in the hook of the hamate fractures, active flexion of distal interphalan
12 KB (1,793 words) - 15:46, 31 May 2022
* Dorsoplantar drawer test (Thompson and Hamilton)<ref name="p6">Thompson FM, Hamilton WG – Problems
...}}<ref>Ian Reilly Podsurgeon.Video - Lachman's Test (dorsal plantar drawer test) for unstable toe. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUavaVTO
10 KB (1,477 words) - 16:23, 14 May 2024
...th pain as well as increased carbs movement when performing a Varus Stress Test.<ref name=":0" />
...ity indicates an isolated LCL injury while continued gapping is a positive test for LCL and PLC injury.
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...ining, transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS), pneumatic compression devices (PCDs), light therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
...symptoms, medical history and family history, a physical examination, and test results. <ref name=":2" />
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...be any neurologic deficit related to the spinal cord. It is usually due to compression of the spinal cord by osteophyte or extruded disc material. It is most comm
...Calcification of ligamentum flavum<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><br>• Compression due to extradural mass (Spinal tumours)<ref name=":0" /><br>• Posttraumat
22 KB (3,204 words) - 14:53, 20 November 2023
...ates three arches the provide efficient weight distribution while avoiding compression of plantar neuro-vascular structures. The three arches, [https://physio-ped
{{#ev:youtube|Z4rvAT3a7OY|300}}<ref>CRTecnologies. Anterior Drawer Test Ankle. Available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4rvAT3a7OY [last acc
12 KB (1,693 words) - 09:30, 1 June 2022
* '''[[Kleiger's Test|Dorsiflexion External Rotation Stress Test (Kleiger's Test)]]'''
** The test is positive with pain present over the distal tibia and fibula<ref name=":3
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*Tenderness on medial and lateral heel compression.<ref name=":3" />
...ive dorsiflexion test of the ankle: shows a decrease in dorsiflexion. This test may also provoke a painful reaction.
12 KB (1,659 words) - 16:34, 10 August 2023
...the patient should receive an [[Ankle-Brachial Index|ankle-brachial index test]] (ABI).<ref name=":0" /> It assesses the severity of arterial insufficien
!'''Test example'''
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* [[Standing Flexion Test|Standing flexion test]]
* [[Seated Flexion Test|Seated flexion test]]
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...ion or [[Neuropathies|neuropathy]]), can occur from an injury or prolonged compression. Typically, damage and dysfunction of the femoral nerve are associated with
...staples. Ischaemic damage arises from restricted blood flow, often due to compression. Heat damage, from the heat released during hip prosthesis cementing, that
11 KB (1,600 words) - 23:53, 22 December 2023
...n the posterior side, allowing the sacrum to resist shearing from vertical compression<ref name=":0">A. Vleeming; The sacroiliac joint: an overview of its anatomy
* [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Trendelenburg_Test Trendelenburg test] is usually negative
11 KB (1,507 words) - 22:14, 13 June 2020
...ion is smaller compared to the cervical and lumbar region. Hence, a slight compression will lead to symptoms<ref name=":3" />.
* Myelopathy (injury to the spinal cord due to severe compression)
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...e metastasis involving the fibular head can be other contributing factors. Compression of the fibula head during surgery e.g. tourniquet<ref name=":0" />
Sciatic nerve compression between the two heads of the piriformis muscle leading to foot drop has bee
14 KB (2,092 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...":10" />. Pain to palpation over the dorsal-radial wrist, [[scaphoid shift test]], and plain radiographs can indicate injury to this region<ref name=":10"
* After palpation, you should test each articulation in search of pain, abnormal motion or crepitus. The physi
19 KB (2,902 words) - 19:54, 27 December 2021
* The term ‘thoracic outlet syndrome’ describes compression of the neurovascular structures as they exit through the thoracic outlet (c
...t rib (which can cause overlapping) can cause a narrow space and therefore compression. The [[Brachial Plexus|brachial plexus]] and the subclavian artery pass thr
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...f either severe trauma or pathologic weakening of the bone, see image R L4 compression fracture.
...lexandru, Daniela, and William So. "Evaluation and management of vertebral compression fractures." Permanente Journal 16.4 (2012). (Level of evidence: 2A)</ref>
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...- An injection of steroids into the sacroiliac joint is both a diagnostic test (if it relieves pain) and a treatment<ref name=":1" />
[[File:FABERs test.jpg|right|frameless]]
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...me is often a mixed syndrome caused by spondylogenic irritation and actual compression. <ref name="Rickenbacher">Rickenbacher J, Landolt AM, Theiler K. Appli
#irritation or compression of the vertebral artery
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* [[Guyon Canal Syndrome|Guyon canal syndrome]]- compression of the distal [[Ulnar Nerve|ulnar nerve]] at the level of the wrist as it e
The upper limb neurodynamic test for the ulnar nerve (ULNT3) is performed with the patient in supine. The jo
8 KB (1,117 words) - 12:04, 19 March 2024
* Single-leg hop test: This test assesses the ability of the semitendinosus muscle to generate power during
* Nordic hamstring curl test: This test assesses the eccentric strength of the hamstrings, including the semitendin
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Carpal tunnel syndrome is an entrapment or compression of the [[Median Nerve|median nerve]] at the wrist as it passes through the
Increased pressure in the carpal tunnel and compression of the median nerve is the main cause of carpal tunnel syndrome. The aetiol
24 KB (3,435 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...inflammation of soft tissue, muscle spasms, or both, with resulting nerve compression.
...limb, lower back and pelvic regions <ref name="p0" />. This can result in compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve. <ref name="Tonley" /><ref name="Klein"
29 KB (4,214 words) - 16:07, 23 October 2023
* Lumbo-sacral plexus - this suffers compression during the obstruction, resulting in lower limb neurological deficiencies,
* Peroneal nerve compression - caused by prolonged squatting during labour and result in foot drop
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* Mechanical compression or functional impairment which reduces flow in the veins (eg [[Oncology|neo
[[Homan's Sign Test|Homan's Sign]]
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...lateral region which hurts even more by full knee extension and because of compression against the femoral condyle, there can be local tenderness. Most of these s
...rior]]-[[Posterior Drawer Test (Knee)|posterior]] drawer test and traction test is necessary to evaluate the cruciate ligaments, collateral ligaments, and
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Posterior interosseous nerve syndrome is a neuropathic compression of the posterior interosseous nerve where it passes through the radial tunn
...ssels.<ref name=":2">Cha J, York B, Tawfik J. Posterior interosseous nerve compression. Eplasty 2014;14.</ref>
24 KB (3,324 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...trigonum syndrome can also be named the symptomatic os trigonum, the talar compression syndrome or posterior tibial talar impingement syndrome.<ref name="p5">D. K
...ointe” or “demi-pointe” position, as well as by running downhill, produces compression on the posterior aspect of the ankle joint. In cause of a trauma, the os tr
10 KB (1,455 words) - 18:29, 16 July 2021
...s usually used both as an initial diagnosis parameter, and as a monitoring test to check the prescribed medication levels.
...<ref name=":1" /> This condition can be tested for with the [[Homan's Sign Test]].
10 KB (1,428 words) - 03:09, 19 July 2022
...uce excess hormones. They may grow and cause symptoms due to their size or compression on nearby structures rather than hormone overproduction.<ref name=":0" />
...ent the pituitary gland from producing adequate amounts of hormones due to compression or damage to hormone-producing cells. This can result in hormone deficienci
15 KB (2,117 words) - 03:57, 28 November 2023
...h a shoulder dislocations history (i.e. shoulder instability) humeral head compression fractures are present in most cases.<ref name="fuller" />
...looking at the percentage of the defect of humeral head involvement in the compression fracture.<ref name="cetik">Cetik O, Uslu M, Ozsar BK. [http://citeseerx.ist
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* Lasegue sign (or Straight Leg Raise test)<ref>Suri P, Rainville J, Katz JN, Jouve C, Hartigan C, Limke J, Pena E, Li
* Inverted lasegue sign (or Cross Straight Leg Raise test)
21 KB (2,879 words) - 21:16, 30 October 2022
...ut root compression, Disc lesions with root compression, Disc lesions with compression of spinal cord or cauda equina, Osteoarthrosis of the apophyseal joint, Hyp
...area produces considerable intervertebral movement. It may be necessary to test the muscle isometrically in different positions of the joint range and to c
12 KB (1,649 words) - 22:08, 19 June 2023
...nful or progressive [[Osteoporosis|osteoporotic]] and osteolytic vertebral compression fractures that do not compromise the [[Spinal cord anatomy|spinal canal]] b
...the spinal kyphosis<ref name="null">EMedicine Nonop treatment of vertebral compression fractures.http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/325872-treatment#TreatmentO
15 KB (2,177 words) - 01:11, 29 June 2020
...aused by a traumatic injury (pressure, stretching or cutting), rather than compression or irritation of the nerve. Please read our [[Sciatic Nerve Injury|sciatic
*'''Lasègue’s test'''
16 KB (2,365 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
* [[Cervical Flexion-Rotation Test|flexion rotation test]]
* active cervical flexion test
17 KB (2,457 words) - 17:55, 28 February 2024
...The%20Spurling%20test%20is%20a,top%20of%20the%20patient's%20head. Spurling test.]
#[https://www.physio-pedia.com/Cervical_Distraction_Test Distraction test].
13 KB (1,759 words) - 14:43, 29 June 2023
...hysical examination: A combination of two sensitive tests and one specific test is useful to diagnose a SLAP lesion<ref name=":5" />.
...Compression rotation test; [[O'Briens Test|O’Briens test]]; [[Apprehension Test]]
13 KB (1,831 words) - 07:12, 11 January 2023
...Y0khIObyaoDKSpgaSp2w__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA Normal anatomy and compression areas of nerves of the foot and ankle: US and MR imaging with anatomic corr
* There is a positive Phalen’s test (invert and plantarflex the foot passively). This compresses the nerve due
6 KB (844 words) - 20:02, 13 March 2023
...sts''' such as the [[Peroneus longus and brevis tests|peroneal compression test]] should be performed to assess pain, crepitus, and “popping” at the po
5 KB (784 words) - 17:20, 21 April 2023
...sacroiliac joint dysfunction]. Biomed Mater Eng. 2022 Dec 8. </ref> Pelvic compression belts or sacroiliac belts are being used in the rehabilitation of people wi
...ng. 2018 Jan;27(1-2):e129-37.</ref> The mechanism by which external pelvic compression exerts any changes is still unclear.<ref name=":0" /> Soisson et al.<ref na
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...ed by bleeding within the iliacus muscle leading to hematoma formation and compression upon the femoral nerve, causing both sensory and motor deficits.Iliac hemat
==== Muscle length test ====
9 KB (1,315 words) - 14:34, 15 June 2023
* Repeat the test 3 times starting with the non-painful side before moving on to the other ha
...ting). Some people might be able to generate a high number on the strength test, but this number may then lower due to fatigue, Alternatively, they may tak
12 KB (1,677 words) - 18:51, 17 January 2023
...vicobrachial syndrome can also be the result of neurogenic and/or vascular compression in the thoracic outlet. In this case, the brachial plexus, subclavian arter
...syndrome]] we can determine verifiable vascular compression or neurologic compression but in contrast to thoracic outlet syndrome, cervicobrachial syndrome has s
23 KB (3,428 words) - 18:14, 23 April 2021
...k stiffness, headaches and pain radiating in the arms. Serious spinal cord compression might present as weakness, paresthesia or even paralysis in one or all limb
...ateral displacement test, upper cervical flexion test and the Sharp Perser test should be performed to specify the instability<ref name="Mintken">Mintken,
12 KB (1,876 words) - 21:45, 20 October 2020
== Special Test ==
...he quadriceps is contracted with the knee flexed to 90° (quadriceps active test), anteroposterior instability of the knee is noted<ref name=":3" />.
10 KB (1,534 words) - 19:35, 31 October 2019
...is thicker at the periphery and provides the foundation for the concavity-compression effect of [[Rotator Cuff]] Muscles.
*[[Neers Test]]
24 KB (3,369 words) - 17:22, 15 January 2024
...d of the gluteus maximus causes the leg to decelerate, generating tension (compression) in the iliotibial band.<ref name="Van der worp Maarten et al.">van der Wor
*[[Renne test|Renne test]]<br>
26 KB (3,940 words) - 13:48, 10 May 2024
...://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivGqC0te6uA Cotton test], and the crossover leg test, can also be used. But in order to find out if these tests are good, they m
...st<br>2. Squeeze test<br>3. Dorsiflexion compression test<br>4. Heel thump test
24 KB (3,742 words) - 01:39, 31 August 2019
Cervical [[myelopathy]] is a condition involving compression of the [[Spinal cord anatomy|spinal cord]] at the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervic
...vical myelopathy varies in accordance with the severity of the spinal cord compression as well as its location.Without treatment, patients may progress toward sig
30 KB (4,201 words) - 11:40, 15 November 2023
Ostechondritis of the humeral capitellum is secondary to repetitive compression forces between radial head and capitellum.
...ession test: full extension with active pronation and supination. Positive test will reproduce lateral pain<ref name="Steven" />
17 KB (2,340 words) - 17:18, 12 January 2022
...nnel Syndrome]) and wrist (Guyon's Canal Syndrome) occur due to repetitive compression, from leaning on the elbows or wrists ([https://www.physio-pedia.com/Cyclis
The incidence of trauma leading to ulnar nerve compression is unknown; however ulnar neuropathy has been documented after distal humer
12 KB (1,755 words) - 14:27, 12 April 2021
Radiculopathy is a mechanical compression of a nerve root usually at the exit foramen or lateral recess. It may
...down the arm. In the case of lumbar radiculopathy, a [[Straight Leg Raise Test|Straight leg raise (SLR)]] maneuver may exacerbate symptoms. Deep tendon r
16 KB (2,204 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...s best elicited utilizing the [https://physio-pedia.com/Ober%27s_Test Ober Test, see here]
...um into the patella could cause lateral patella tracking, patella tilt and compression. <ref>Hudson Z, Darthuy E. Iliotibial band tightness and patellofemoral pai
6 KB (857 words) - 02:00, 28 December 2021
...ar Nerve Entrapment|ulnar nerve entrapment]] and is the second most common compression neuropathy in the upper extremity after carpal tunnel syndrome.<ref name="P
...Antoniadis G, Bischoff C. Carpal and cubital tunnel and other, rarer nerve compression syndromes. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015;112(1-2):14-25; quiz 26.</ref>
38 KB (5,582 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...daily living) who have severe reduction in postural control may experience compression of internal organs due to soft tissue contractures and asymmetrical posture
*[[Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)|Timed Up and Go]]
9 KB (1,275 words) - 10:28, 2 November 2023
...et Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic outlet syndrome]] (TOS) is characterized by the compression of neurovascular structures as they pass through the thoracic outlet, leadi
...spaces. Anatomical abnormalities and acquired conditions contribute to the compression of these structures, leading to the development of TOS.
18 KB (2,514 words) - 17:40, 10 May 2024
...ref>Hip abduction and extension aggravate the pain, and [[Adductor Squeeze Test|resisted adduction]] does not elicit pain. Conservative treatment includes
* Compression during pregnancy
9 KB (1,182 words) - 12:43, 18 January 2022
* Finger-to-nose test - The shoulder is abducted to 90<sup>o</sup> with the elbow extended, the p
* Finger-to-finger test - Both shoulders are abducted to bring both the elbow extended, the patient
17 KB (2,420 words) - 07:24, 1 April 2022
...is contraindicated for pregnant patients and patients with positive stress test, 45 or older in men and 55 or older in women<ref name=":2" />.
...trigger orthostatic hypotension such as diuretics and vasodilators and use compression stockings in order to improve venous return<ref>Figueroa JJ, Basford JR, Lo
13 KB (1,808 words) - 09:27, 4 May 2024
...e just above the patella, then asks to contract their quad forcefully. The test is positive if there is pain or grinding.
# [[Spurling's Test|Compression Test]]<ref>http://www.slideshare.net/JLS10/kin191-ach6kneepatellofemoralevaluati
12 KB (1,706 words) - 11:28, 28 February 2022
...by compression of the nerve roots which exit the spine, levels L1- S4. The compression can result in tingling, radiating pain, numbness, paraesthesia, and occasio
* Herniated disc with nerve root compression causes 90% of radiculopathy <ref name="p1" />
28 KB (4,188 words) - 11:24, 28 August 2023
...as gait progressed. Time improved by 3 seconds by discharge. 6 Minute Walk test was also performed at this time (no wounds on L foot) and improved by 1 min
...post op over top of light Primapore dressing. Progressed to fit Juzo sock compression at day 1 post op just prior to discharge home. Education to keep stump elev
15 KB (2,382 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...ndopathy at the ischium but there may also be involvement of sciatic nerve compression. The pain in hamstring syndrome radiates down the posterior thigh or poplit
==== Knee extension test ====
12 KB (1,726 words) - 11:04, 22 January 2024
...ello J, Fuller J. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6696630/ Adductor canal compression syndrome.] Archives of Surgery. 1984 Mar 1;119(3):345-6.Available: https://
Test: Adduction of the underneath extremity from the table without rotation, fl
12 KB (1,751 words) - 19:59, 7 January 2024
...the presence of a positive cranial drawer test and / or tibial compression test.
The cranial drawer test is performed as follows (when the dog is positioned in lateral recumbency):
25 KB (3,668 words) - 11:26, 18 August 2022
...ues/modalities for phantom pain including relaxation, massage, percussion, compression, exercise. These interventions were also used to desensitize the residual l
*Timed up and go test (TUGT) for assessing the risk of falling (Shumway-Cook 2000).
12 KB (1,694 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
'''How should we assess and test for muscle length?'''
...clinical exams: [[Sit and Reach Test|sit-and-reach]], [[Straight Leg Raise Test|straight leg raise]]
18 KB (2,769 words) - 14:42, 24 October 2023
* '''[[The Allen Test for Blood Flow|Modified Allen test]]''': used to assess the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries<ref name=
** the examiner releases the compression on one artery and notes the time taken for the skin to return to its usual
28 KB (4,117 words) - 12:27, 28 April 2024
* Less common causes - [[Ribs|Rib]] or [[Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures|compression fractures]], [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|thoracic outlet syndrome]] an
...ted by a cough, sneeze, deep breath, movement of the trunk, palpation, and compression.<ref>Hamberg J, Lindahl O. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111
25 KB (3,520 words) - 00:01, 11 December 2020
...an judgment consistent with cancer (+ 12.1) offered the best shift in post test probability of cancer being present. Conversely, a patient younger than 50
| '''Post Test Probability given 1% pre test probability'''
25 KB (3,531 words) - 13:40, 9 September 2021
Deep buttocks pain can arise from compression, inflammation, or injury of one or more of the structures in this area.<ref
The long stride walking test (walking with large steps) has a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 82
23 KB (3,243 words) - 00:21, 31 October 2022
...E21A4059A52AEE03C4F89&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20220501042530 Compression syndromes of the popliteal neurovascular bundle due to Baker cyst. Journal
...mptoms of a meniscal tear which can be tested by [[McMurrays Test|McMurray test]].
22 KB (3,375 words) - 14:56, 2 May 2022
...reased risk of development of [[Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures|vertebral compression fractures]]
*[[Tragus to Wall Test|Tragus to wall]]
19 KB (2,697 words) - 04:41, 21 November 2022
* Entrapment or mechanical compression<ref name=":10">Jain S, Mannan K. The diagnosis and management of Morton's n
...and palpates the tender area. The aggravation of pain indicates a positive test.
21 KB (3,008 words) - 18:25, 9 January 2024
...athology is still poorly understand, it is believed that “infection, nerve compression and autoimmunity” can all play a role <ref name=":0">Eviston, T. J., Crox
...an be used to diagnose Lyme disease <ref name=":2" />. The results of this test was negative. (Assessed at the hospital)
24 KB (3,702 words) - 00:29, 24 October 2020
Repetitive shearing, axial load, and disc compression is believed to be related to the development of fissure, this leads to vert
...ting, driving, twisting, flexion, coughing, and [[Valsalva Test|Valsalva]] test aggravate symptoms<ref name=":0" />.
11 KB (1,640 words) - 12:12, 1 December 2022
* Cord compression symptoms (bilateral weakness or bilateral pins and needles)
* Cauda equina compression symptoms (saddle anaesthesia, frequency or urinary retention)
13 KB (1,678 words) - 23:57, 30 November 2023
[[File:FABERs test.jpg|right|frameless]]
...herapists use a variety of orthopaedic [[Posterior pelvic pain provocation test|provocation tests]].
26 KB (3,926 words) - 00:12, 16 February 2024
"Cervical radiculopathy is a disease process marked by nerve compression from [[Disc Herniation|herniated disk]] material or arthritic bone spurs. T
...icular Symptoms.American Family Physician 2010;81,33-40</ref> Those can be compression, irritation, traction, and a lesion on the nerve root caused by either a [h
40 KB (5,769 words) - 11:33, 15 November 2023
...urs following over-stretching of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus or compression of the C5/C6 nerve root, depending on the mechanism of injury. Recurrences
...ntly narrows the intervertebral foreman at the cervical spine, causing the compression of the nerve root <ref>Bowles DR, Canseco JA, Alexander TD, Schroeder GD, H
20 KB (2,818 words) - 16:02, 29 June 2023
==== Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) Test ====
The APTT test measures the duration of blood clotting by measuring the clotting ability o
26 KB (3,513 words) - 22:12, 29 March 2024
...d pressure as part of the physical examination may therefore be a valuable test to inform clinical reasoning.
...The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 84A(10):1872-1881.</ref>. Whether to test for instability is therefore an important decision when suspecting CAD. The
17 KB (2,433 words) - 08:56, 10 February 2016
...RI can be very helpful in determining whether there is resulting posterior compression of the thecal sac.
*[[Fingertips to Floor Distance - Special Test|Fingertip-to-Floor]] (FTF) Test
15 KB (2,086 words) - 19:53, 26 February 2024
...of the superficial belly of FPB is caused by [[Median Nerve|median nerve]] compression which is occurred in the carpal tunnel syndrome. Circumduction and oppositi
Test: Patient is instructed in native or non-technical language to flex the MP j
6 KB (850 words) - 13:17, 29 October 2020
The [[Windlass Test|windlass mechanism]] was first described by JH Hicks in 1954. Essentially i
...hing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2014.1076 Active regulation of longitudinal arch compression and recoil during walking and running]. J R Soc Interface. 2015;12(102):201
21 KB (3,047 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...lm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3523935/ Evaluation and Management of Vertebral Compression Fractures.] Perm J. 2012 Fall; 16(4): 46–51. </ref>
...olve the posterior osseous ligamentous complex. The former distinguishes a compression fracture from a burst fracture.
30 KB (4,259 words) - 19:40, 11 February 2024
Assessing Rib Mobility - Lindgren's Test:
{{#ev:youtube|PrDZD1erucI}}<ref>Assessment of Rib Mobility - Lindgren's Test Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrDZD1erucI</ref>
9 KB (1,331 words) - 07:29, 19 March 2024
Some sources claim that entrapment of the plantar nerve because of compression between the metatarsal heads, as originally proposed by Durlacher and later
...pressure between the metatarsal heads will replicate the symptoms, as will compression of the forefoot between the finger and thumb so as to compress the transver
18 KB (2,520 words) - 20:53, 15 July 2022
...p; <br>- Piano key sign<br>- Supination lift test<br>- Palpation
| - Ballottement test<br>- Shuck test<br>- Shear test<br>- Ulnar snuffbox test
24 KB (3,591 words) - 09:50, 21 October 2020
...s active and the tendon is lengthening simultaneously) and where potential compression can occur, represent the greatest form of loading<ref name=":0" />.
...found to be the most damaging<ref>Almekinders LC, Weinhold PS, Maffulli N. Compression etiology in tendinopathy. Clinics in sports medicine. 2003 Oct 1;22(4):703-
46 KB (6,735 words) - 16:10, 15 December 2022
.../www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8011468/ Dynamic external pelvimetry test in third trimester pregnant women: shifting positions affect pelvic biomech
...ach to the pelvic diameters of obstetrics: the dynamic external pelvimetry test.] Cureus. 2019 Nov 9;11(11).</ref><ref>Siccardi M, Valle C, Di Matteo F, An
12 KB (1,703 words) - 11:58, 28 February 2023
* Positive [[Ober's Test|ober's test.]]
[[Ober's Test|Ober's test]], used during surgeries to assess and evaluate the release of tissue.
12 KB (1,817 words) - 00:54, 1 January 2023
* '''PET''' (positron emission tomography) scan: an imaging test that involves the intravenous injection of a positron-emitting radiopharmac
...me exposure to radiation, as well as whether the benefit of the diagnostic test outweighs the risk. CT-scans have higher radiation risk than x-rays, wherea
13 KB (1,844 words) - 16:41, 21 March 2024
...forces produced by muscles and small changes in their length create joint compression, thus producing active stabilisation of the joint.<ref name=":0" />
...es [[piriformis]], but its line of force is not conducive to enhance joint compression.
17 KB (2,471 words) - 17:39, 18 February 2024
...dial aspect of the CC joint and distracts the lateral side. The supination test is similar by adding inversion (frontal plane) and plantar flexion (sagitt
* Compression neuropathy of the sural nerve
13 KB (1,811 words) - 14:42, 14 December 2022
...t]. 2021 Jul 26.</ref> Increased pressure in the abdominal cavity leads to compression of the [[Vena Cava#Inferior Vena Cava .28IVC.29|inferior vena cava (IVC)]],
...egative intrathoracic pressure, caused by the descent of the diaphragm and compression of the abdominal lymph vessels, leads to an upward movement of the lymph. T
16 KB (2,238 words) - 12:19, 22 November 2023
*[[Compression]]
==== Post Test (Testing Criteria) ====
13 KB (1,860 words) - 17:58, 17 October 2020
* Positive HLA-B27 test: HLA B27 is positive in 80-90% of AS patients, more so in the Caucasian pop
* Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): This is a blood test for inflammation, in approximately one-third of the AS patients there is a
34 KB (4,865 words) - 11:38, 14 October 2023
* Inverted thoracic spine (also known as a lordotic thoracic spine) with compression forces on the facets
...(TOS)|Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)]] is a group of disorders that cause compression of the nerves, arteries or veins as they exit the thoracic outlet. TOS typi
24 KB (3,497 words) - 11:31, 18 August 2022
It is important to stress-test all bands of the MCL during a physical examination.
...n be diagnosed through a history and physical examination. A valgus stress test, during which a physician tests your elbow for instability, is the best way
15 KB (2,097 words) - 09:59, 24 October 2023
...notion that there need to be factors that cause pain similar to nerve root compression. His investigations found that motion patterns typical to modern sitting an
==== Main analysis tool: patient-specific reported test ====
14 KB (2,032 words) - 14:13, 14 December 2022
* Direct compression of the foetal neck during delivery by forceps<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1
...of the movement on a scale from V (full function) to I (no function). This test is easy to administer in a clinical setting and has been found to have good
12 KB (1,782 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...Thromboplastin Time (APTT) Test, Prothrombin Time (PT) Test and Fibrinogen test are all normal in patients with VWD especially those with mild and moderate
The VWF: RCo is the most commonly used test to assess the ability of binding ability of VMF24. The normal ranges of VWF
25 KB (3,522 words) - 16:47, 28 March 2024
...020 Nov;237(5):811-26.</ref> Craig's test is described in detail [[Craig's Test|here]].
'''Bracing with strapping and compression''':
17 KB (2,359 words) - 10:37, 25 November 2023
...4.2019)</ref> Dysfunction or damage to a spinal nerve root from infection, compression, or traumatic injury can trigger symptoms in the corresponding dermatome. <
...d myotomes]. Available from: https://www.slideshare.net/TafzzSailo/special-test-for-dermatomes-and-myotomes (last accessed 23.4.2019)</ref>
10 KB (1,421 words) - 16:31, 23 June 2023
'''1. Dorsiflexion External Rotation Stress Test (Kleiger's Test)'''
* (+) test: Pain in the anterolateral ankle. An indicator of deltoid ligament damage w
16 KB (2,378 words) - 20:09, 15 July 2022
...r if the person has a pes planus or an over-pronated foot, which can cause compression in the sinus tarsi. Some characteristics are pain at the anterior lateral s
The sinus tarsi syndrome can also occur as a compression injury, for example to people who have flat or pronated feet. The talus and
20 KB (3,019 words) - 20:21, 15 July 2022
| A compression neuropathy of the ulnar and the median nerve
*Ulnar: [[Upper Limb Tension Tests (ULTTs)|The Upper Limb Tension Test 4]]
26 KB (3,776 words) - 00:23, 5 June 2020
...ref name="Black" /> However, more recent research has suggested that axial compression, elbow flexion, valgus stress, and forearm supination lead to a rotational
# Positive lateral pivot-shift test
15 KB (2,138 words) - 09:11, 22 February 2022
...n the hips and this movement increases the symptoms. To confirm a positive test for lumbar flexion the patient performs forward bending with hip flexion on
...le to keep his hips and knees extended without increasing his symptoms. If compression contributes to his symptoms he may need to flex his hips and knees.
14 KB (2,141 words) - 18:21, 13 July 2021
...ital headache versus occipital neuralgia, sleep apnoea headaches, external compression headaches, idiopathic carotidynia headache, post-traumatic headache, medica
* May be due to compression, inflammation or irritation of the C2 sensory nerve roots<ref name=":8" />
37 KB (5,381 words) - 20:35, 11 July 2023
...These are described from the amount of joint separation in the 30° valgus test, more information here.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Frommer, Chana, and Michael Ma
| positive abduction stress test<br>
31 KB (4,876 words) - 06:25, 30 November 2020
...y compress the nerve or the spinal cord causing pain consistent with nerve compression or spinal cord dysfunction, also known as [[myelopathy]].<ref>Dydyk AM, Mas
...ology of herniated discs is believed to be a combination of the mechanical compression of the nerve by the bulging nucleus pulposus and the local increase in [[In
40 KB (5,562 words) - 14:04, 27 November 2023
...Diagnostic accuracy depends on the skills of the personnel performing the test and the quality of the equipment. Ultrasound is less sensitive than an MRI
...ine investigation in an acute ankle injury because of the high cost of the test, limited accessibility, and high incidence of this type of injury. MRI can
24 KB (3,351 words) - 02:15, 5 December 2023
*[[File:Anatomy ankle and foot 6.png|500x500px|right|frameless]]Nerve compression/pathology: eg
...ot & ankle international. 2002 Jun;23(6):530-7.</ref> This can result from compression between the abductor hallucis and quadratus plantae muscles.<ref>May TJ, Ju
25 KB (3,869 words) - 17:37, 21 November 2022
...xternal rotation position). Pain over the lateral hip region is a positive test and could be diagnostic of gluteal tendinopathy. If the pain was reported i
...d. A positive FADIR test might not rule out OA completely but a negative test is recognised to rule out intra-articular hip pathologies such as OA, [http
22 KB (3,133 words) - 22:48, 30 October 2022
* maternal serum α-fetoprotein (MSAFP) screening test
* Chiari compression
13 KB (1,829 words) - 12:12, 13 May 2023
* Symptoms similar to compression syndromes of the plantar digital nerves, as a result of micro trauma or a s
...inician stabilises the patient's toe at the metatarsal and exerts a drawer test on the phalanges. A slight clunk can be heard as the joint subluxes in the
17 KB (2,339 words) - 23:21, 12 February 2023
These movements cause frequent traction and compression loading of the AC joint, which leads to the repetitive microtrauma pattern
...ing of the AC joint through [[Hawkins / Kennedy Test|Hawkins]] and [[Scarf Test|Scarf]] tests elicits pain. Including a [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]]
10 KB (1,388 words) - 14:25, 13 February 2023
...e joints to each specific load demand through an adequately tailored joint compression, as a function of gravity, coordinated muscle and ligament forces, to produ
<br>The symptoms which may lead to a diagnosis of SPD, are nerve compression (intervertebral disc lesion), symptomatic low back pain (lumbago and [[scia
24 KB (3,460 words) - 21:20, 27 June 2023
The essential test for diagnosing cardiac myxomas is Echocardiography. Computed tomography (CT
* Proprioceptive training and joint compression
8 KB (1,060 words) - 20:11, 29 June 2023
...rome|Horner syndrome]] (ptosis, miosis, hemianhidrosis, enophthalmos); and compression of the blood vessels with edema."<ref name="p0">Shabir Bhimji, Md, May SK.
...the subclavian artery or adjoining structure may lead to deterioration or compression of blood vessels causing edema.<ref name="p9" />
12 KB (1,665 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...xtensor plantar reflex [[Babinski Sign|(Babinski]]), [[Clonus of the Ankle Test|clonus]] and [[Hoffmann's Sign|hoffmans]]. If brisk, it may indicate a uppe
*'''Specificity - '''Is the percentage of people who test negative for a specific disease among a group of people who do not have the
27 KB (3,864 words) - 11:24, 29 August 2023
...he FABQ-W when evaluating workers compensation patients. The overall test-retest reliability is excellent, ICC= .97.
*Moderate test re-test reliability
27 KB (3,834 words) - 11:42, 15 November 2023
...binder is used by clinicians to relieve pain, improve [[Pulmonary Function Test|pulmonary function]] (After upper [[Abdominal Muscles|abdominal]] surgeries
...[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41394-019-0176-x Comparison of abdominal compression devices in persons with abdominal paralysis due to spinal cord injury. Spin
7 KB (1,051 words) - 12:54, 5 December 2023
...extending the knee. The combination of contracting the quadriceps and the compression of the supra-patellar pouch can also be the cause of pain. What occurs freq
*Provocation test: Provocation test which simulates conditions that can lead to the occurrence of symptoms coul
30 KB (4,521 words) - 12:08, 20 November 2023
...ate improvements in function compared to usual care on the Headache Impact Test and the Headache Disability Inventory (scale 0-100) and in pain over the sh
...ompression, [[Cauda Equina Syndrome|cauda equina]] compression, nerve root compression with increasing neurological deficit
15 KB (2,155 words) - 12:31, 17 October 2023
[[Image:Stresstest.jpg|right|200px|TFCC Stress Test|frameless]]On exam, palpation of the TFCC is best with the wrist in pronati
* '''TFCC compression test''': forearm in the neutral position with ulnar deviation reproduces symptom
19 KB (2,799 words) - 09:37, 19 November 2022
...Position:''' The patient is positioned in crook lying which is the drawer test position.
...the end available range. A small pad is placed on the patella to avoid its compression. The distal tibia is grabbed with one hand and the palm of the proximal han
12 KB (1,739 words) - 13:47, 10 February 2024
...h compression result in more stress on the pars interarticularis than just compression alone<ref name=":0" />. Furthermore, lumbar spondylolysis is more common in
* Positive single-leg hyperextension test - not very sensitive or specific <ref name=":1" />
33 KB (4,808 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...ess to disk herniation, osteophyte formation, vertebral body degeneration, compression of the spinal cord, or cervical spondylotic myelopathy<ref>Xiong W, Li F, G
...neck stiffness and can be accompanied by radicular symptoms when there is compression of neural structures.
26 KB (3,576 words) - 11:32, 15 November 2023
...ter trochanter and lateral pain reproduction with the [[FABER Test|FABER]] test<ref name=":6">Fearon AM, Scarvell JM, Neeman T, Cook JL, Cormick W, Smith P
* Compression of the tendon at the enthesis <ref name=":10" />
52 KB (7,549 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
...on there are several provocative tests that can be performed. Because each test stresses a particular part of the acetabular labrum, they can also indicate
...not specific and that none was capable of significantly shifting the post-test probability of a diagnosis of acetabular labral tear.<ref name=":3">Reiman
32 KB (4,647 words) - 13:44, 18 March 2024
...he large intestine or rectum, people with the disease may become anemic. A test of the number of red cells in the blood, which is part of a complete blood
** Another blood test detects the levels of a protein called carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). High
21 KB (2,979 words) - 17:15, 17 January 2023
</ref>. Compression of the tendon at its attachment during hip flexion/adduction is hypothesize
...ing and lying as these type of activities do not involve energy storage or compression<ref name=":0" />
46 KB (6,745 words) - 10:04, 13 May 2024
...tachments prevents the menisci from being extruded out of the joint during compression.
...scopy. 2004;20:951–958. Level of evidence 2B</ref> Thessaly test and squat test
38 KB (5,763 words) - 11:04, 22 January 2024
...itis]<br>• [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Lumbar_compression_fracture Lumbar Compression Fracture] <br>• [[Mechanical low back pain|Mechanical Low Back Pain<br>�
...]], [[Stork Test]], and [[Femoral Nerve Tension Test|femoral nerve tension test]] as well as neurological and [[Neurodynamic Assessment|neurodynamic]] asse
20 KB (2,783 words) - 18:33, 21 March 2024
...n.] Sports Med. 1998;26(5): 351-360.</ref> which can cause direct trauma (compression or traction) to the axillary nerve.
QSS is an uncommon condition which involves the compression of the posterior humeral circumflex artery and the axillary nerve within th
31 KB (4,411 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...foot. You can read more about this mechanism and how to test it [[Windlass Test|here]].
...rior tibialis, flexor hallucis longus or flexor digitorum and tibial nerve compression.<ref name=":0" />
17 KB (2,395 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
** Compression: current evidence on the effectiveness of compression is questionable.<ref name=":3" /> However, clinicians are using bandages, t
* [[Balance Error Scoring System|Balance Error Scoring System Test]] (BESS)<ref name=":1" />
20 KB (2,816 words) - 13:52, 19 September 2022
*[[dysphagia]] (caused by compression of osteophytes):Dysphagia is often related to DISH. It can occur because of
*neurologic manifestations due to compression of the spinal cord
18 KB (2,537 words) - 14:20, 29 November 2023
...006/04000/clinical_tests_for_the_musculoskeletal_system_.36.aspx .Clinical test for musculoskeletal system]. 2006</ref>
...can be harmful because an increase in this lateral force may increase the compression of the lateral patella on the lateral lip of the femoral sulcus.
14 KB (2,126 words) - 11:36, 31 December 2023
...ates three arches the provide efficient weight distribution while avoiding compression of plantar neuro-vascular structures. The three arches (medial and lateral
...indlass Test.png|right|frameless|386x386px|alt=]]'''What is the [[Windlass Test|Windlass effect]] (Windlass mechanism)?'''<ref>Shono H, Matsumoto Y, Kokubu
17 KB (2,602 words) - 05:57, 30 January 2023
...n unstable pelvis while walking or while attempting to [[Single Leg Stance Test|stand on one leg]]<ref name=":0" />.
...bulk changes impact the balance of the abductor mechanism and increase the compression of the gluteal tendons leading to GT and [[Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndr
9 KB (1,380 words) - 20:44, 20 January 2024
...alking (or weight-bearing activities). An examination may reveal [[Tinel’s Test|Tinel’s sign]] over the tibial nerve at the ankle, weakness, and atrophy
...Surg. 1991; 73: 470-473.</ref><ref name="Antoniadis 2008" /> refer to compression of the deep fibular nerve as “anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome”. This pa
38 KB (5,735 words) - 20:52, 27 January 2021
*'''Nerve compression.''' Herniated disks or osteophytes in the vertebrae of your neck can press
* Positive craniocervical flexion test
27 KB (3,777 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
*An anterior drawer is done to test the integrity of the ATFL and CFL. With the ankle in plantarflexion, the he
*[[Star Excursion Balance Test]] : This test is used for assessment and treatment purpose after ankle injury.
15 KB (2,208 words) - 21:34, 9 January 2024
...bilize the humeral head within the glenoid in a process known as concavity compression.
...n Oh et al.">Oh JH, Yoon JP, Kim JY, Oh CH. Isokinetic Muscle Performance Test Can Predict the Status of Rotator Cuff Muscle. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;
27 KB (3,911 words) - 11:20, 18 August 2022
