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[[File:Muscles of the pelvic diaphragm Primal.png|thumb]] ...sheet of muscle located posterior to the [[Levator Ani Muscle|levator ani muscles]] in the [[Pelvic Floor Anatomy|pelvic floor]]. The coccygeus, together wi

...Available from: https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/inferior-gluteal-artery (Accessed, 28 November 2020)</ref> ...or gluteal artery. Available from: https://www.anatomy.net/inferior-gluteal-artery (Accessed, 28 November 2020)</ref>

...]] (ES) group (the intermediate layer of the intrinsic [[Back Muscles|back muscles]]). The ES is made of three subgroups, with the group divisions occurring b The erector spinae muscles, which spinalis belong to, are the most powerful extensors of the spine.<re

...]], [[Adductor Magnus|adductor magnus]], and [[Gracilis|gracillis]]. These muscles primarily function to move the thigh/lower extremity closer to the body's c ...clelibrary/viewarticle/24169/ . Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, thigh muscles].Available:https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/viewarticle/24169/ (ac

<div class="pp-no-course-suggestions pp-no-article-suggestions"></div> ...hat page. &nbsp; It will look something like this:&nbsp;<br>'''Deep flexor muscles of the forearm Primal.png'''‎

...Adductor Brevis Available: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/adductor-brevis-muscle<nowiki/>(accessed 20.1.2022)</ref> ...atomy Available:https://teachmeanatomy.info/lower-limb/muscles/thigh/medial-compartment/ (accessed 20.1.2022)</ref>

[[File:Gluteal muscles gemelli.webp|alt=|thumb|620x620px]] ...name=":0">Lezak B, Massel DH. Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, gemelli muscles.

[[File:Muscles of the thigh posterior compartment Primal.png|thumb|Muscles of the thigh posterior compartment]] ...ge of Motion hip extension, 0° to 20°.<ref>Musculoskeletal Key Testing the Muscles of the Trunk and Pelvic Floor Available:[[Manual Muscle Testing: Trunk Flex

...teal Muscles] Available: https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/gluteal-muscles<nowiki/>(accessed 11.1.2022)</ref>. Image 1: Rotating image of the anatomy of muscles of the gluteal region. The Maximus (yellow), medius (blue) and minimus (red

== Muscles Involved: == * Grades 0-2 - Patient is supine ('gravity minimal' position)

[[File:Muscles of the thigh posterior compartment Primal.png|thumb|Muscles of the thigh posterior compartment]] ...dy. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2004 Aug 1;85(8):1345-50.</ref>

...lvis (male) 02 - anterior view.png|alt=Image of boney anatomy of the human pelvis |thumb]] ...scle Energy Technique|Muscle Energy Technique (MET)]] used to re-align the pelvis and treat a variety of pelvic dysfunctions.

[[File:Pelvis anterior and posterior, segments highlighted.png|right|frameless]] The ilium makes up the upper portion of the [[Hip Anatomy|hip]] bone and [[pelvis]]. It is the largest and uppermost bone of the hip and is an essential part

...f the femur. |Adductor longus]]The adductor longus is one of the adductor muscles of the medial thigh.<ref name=":0">Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinicall This large fan-shaped muscle is situated most anteriorly of this group and covers the middl

== Muscles Involved: == * Grades 3 to 5 - Patient in side lying with top leg (non-test side) abducted 25°. Test side is the bottom leg in side lying.

...hl KD. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537153/ Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Rectus Sheath].Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537153/ (ac ...ub Rectus Sheath Available:https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/rectus-sheath (accessed 19.12.2021)</ref>

...clinician to analyse the ROM and track the hip joint during eg [[Walking - Muscles Used|walking]] or maximum squat. Motion capture devices are mainly used to * Motions of the pelvis on the lumbar spine during measurement of hip flexion or extension can arti

...sevier Health Sciences; 2013.</ref> During [[gait]], the joints within the pelvis work together to decrease the amount of force transferred from the ground a == Bony Pelvis ==

The ischium (Latin: ''os ischii'') is a paired bone of the [[pelvis]] that forms the lower and back part of the [[Hip Anatomy|hip]] bone, as we # Body of the ischium - the portion that forms the posterior one-third of the acetabulum.

[[File:Semispinalis c.jpg|thumb|Deep back muscles]] ...olved muscles are: [[Back Muscles|back extensor miuscles]] (intrinsic back muscles) aided by [[Latissimus Dorsi Muscle|latissimus dorsi]], [[Quadratus Lumboru

...ain the abdominal pressure and movements of the trunk along with the other muscles. ...om/en/library/anatomy/internal-abdominal-oblique-muscle ( accessed on 30-04-2020)</ref>

...ength Test] Available: https://www.topendsports.com/testing/tests/abdominal-strength.htm (accessed 4.1.2022)</ref> ...nosis of spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis. Spine. 1997 Dec 15;22(24):2959-67.</ref>.

[[File:Muscles of the thigh posterior compartment Primal.png|thumb|Muscles of the thigh posterior compartment|alt=]] ...2018 Oct 23.Available:https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/hip-extensors (accessed 21.1.2022)</ref>.

...Varacallo M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519497/ Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, piriformis muscle]. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Oct 11. St ...tery<ref>Accessed from:https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/piriformis-muscle on 14/08/18.</ref>.

# Knee extension ROM is from full flexion to 5-10° hyperextension. ...<ref>Radiopedia Knee Available: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/knee-joint-1?lang=gb<nowiki/>(accessed 18.2.2022)</ref>.

The male pelvic floor muscles support the abdominal contents, are active during breathing, maintain urina Studies have shown that weak pelvic floor muscles compromised normal pelvic floor function and led to urinary incontinence an

...ts Medicine (4th Edition).'' Australia. McGraw-Hill education Pty Ltd. p514-515 </ref> [[File:Gemellus superior.png|thumb]] ...superior originates from the outer (gluteal) surface of the spine of the [[Pelvis|ischium]]<ref name=":0">Palastanga, NIgel; Soames, Roger (November 2011). 

'''Original Editor '''- [https://www.physio-pedia.com/User:Chelsea_Mclene Chelsea Mclene] ...nalogous to [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Scapulohumeral_Rhythm the Scapulo-Humeral Rhythm.][[File:Basics of lumbar spine.jpg|center|thumb|<ref>basics o

...nd basketball athletes<ref name=":2">Bordoni B, Varacallo M. Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, thigh quadriceps muscle. Available:https://www.statpearls.c ...lis muscles is innervated by the anterior branch of the obturator nerve (L2-L4). The anterior branch of the obturator nerve also innervates the [[Adduct

The Quadratus Lumborum (QL) is the deepest [[Back Muscles|back muscle]] and originates from the [[Ilium|iliac crest]] and inserts on ...llo M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535407/ Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Quadratus Lumborum].2018 Availkable: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB

...ructure made up of muscles, ligaments, nerves and fascia. The pelvic floor muscles form part of the pelvic floor and play a critical role in sexual function a ...and pathology. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics]. 2011 Sep 1;40(3):565-75.</ref> The urethra exits the bladder and passes through the prostate.

...ominal Muscles|internal&nbsp;oblique, external oblique, and erector spinae muscles]].<ref name="min yong">Min YE,Sin HC,Tae SK. Effects of Bridging Exercise o ...with Hip Adduction on the EMG Activities of the Abdominal and Hip Extensor Muscles in Females. Journal of Physical Therapy Sciences, 2013; 25:1147–1149.</re

...randomized-controlled trial. Physical Therapy in sport. 2005 May 1;6(2):60-6.</ref> == Muscles ==

...hip]] and [[:Category:Knee - Muscles|knee]] that contribute to [[Walking - Muscles Used|walking]] and other propulsive movements.<ref name="Moore">Moore KL, A ..., Hubbard JB. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532982/ Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Femur.] InStatPearls [Internet] 2019 Jul 3. StatPearls Publ

[[File:Minna-hamalainen-Mgx1oe2vlVY-unsplash.jpeg|thumb|390x390px|A great core exercise: [[Plank exercise|Plank] ...hip. Core muscles are essential for proper load balance within the spine, pelvis, and kinetic chain. They spare the spine from excessive load and are essent

[[File:250px-Iliostalis.png|thumb|400x400px|Iliocostalis]] ...ia Erector Spinae Available:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/erector-spinae-group?lang=us (accessed 6.2.2022)</ref>.

...153016392695/Effect-of-standing-postural-deviations-on-trunk-and-hip-muscle-activity.pdf?origin=publication_detail (last accessed 10.12.2019)</ref> ...a M, Kotwicki T. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5836359/ Non-structural misalignments of body posture in the sagittal plane]. Scoliosis a

[[File:Hip abduction-CDC strength training for older adults.gif|thumb|Hip Abduction]] # The primary hip abductor [[Muscle|muscles]] include the [[Gluteus Medius|gluteus medius]], [[Gluteus Minimus|gluteus

...fo/pelvis/bones/sacrum/ Sacrum] Available from:https://teachmeanatomy.info/pelvis/bones/sacrum/ (last accessed 11.6.2020)</ref> * Though the spinal cord ends in the lumbar region (L1-L2), the dura mater extends to S2.

...uctor Longus]], [[Adductor Brevis]], [[Adductor Magnus]], and [[Gracilis]] muscles, which primarily function in hip adduction.. ...s muscle Available: https://www.verywellhealth.com/pectineus-muscle-anatomy-5084562<nowiki/>(accessed 15.1.2022)</ref>

...ts_and_Couples_-_15_-_CHAPTER_2_FORCE_MOMENT_AND_COUPLE_THE_FORCE Chapter 2-Forces, Moments and Couples]. 2023. The serratus anterior and [[trapezius]] muscles (especially the middle and lower muscle fibers) work together as a pair of

[[File:Hip flexors.png|alt=Hip muscles anterior aspect.|thumb|324x324px|Hip muscles anterior aspect.]] ...4.1.2022)</ref>. Every time you take a step, you are using your hip flexor muscles.

...where the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and [[Lumbar|lumbar spine]] and [[pelvis]] stay in a relatively neutral position while the subject bends forward. Th ...ngs]], and low back. This exercise also relies on your [[Core Muscles|core muscles]] to assist in the movement.

...ne in adults, the principal union forming the fused acetabulum (forming one-fifth of the acetabulum). ...atomy-4693390 Pubis] Available:https://www.verywellhealth.com/pubis-anatomy-4693390 (accessed 7.11.2021)</ref>

..., Function & Anatomy | Body Maps www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/iliacus-muscle/male#1 (accessed 17 June 2018)</ref> === Anatomy<ref>Iliacus - UW Radiology https://rad.washington.edu/muscle-atlas/iliacus/ (accessed 18 june 2018)

The disease is more prevalent in multiparous middle-aged women, it may also occur in the younger population. <ref>Brosens, I., e </ref>Adenomyosis is thought to be hormone-sensitive and estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and follicle stimulating [[

...ussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]]. ...] The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume. 1985 Nov;67(5):741-6.</ref>This is often referred to as the Trendelenburg test but should not b

..., Published in India by arrangement with Baillier Tindall, london 2005 p 33-37 </ref> !Pelvis

...lly and inferiorly across the abdominal wall. This canal is approximately 3-5 cm in length. ...al%20is%20a,in%20the%20external%20inguinal%20orifice. Anatomy, abdomen and pelvis, inguinal region (inguinal canal)]. 2023 July. StatPearls [Internet]</ref>.

[[File:Iliopsoas.png|thumb|A compound muscle composed of the iliac and psoas muscles]] ...diagnosis, and treatment.] Clinics in sports medicine. 2016 Jul 1;35(3):419-33.</ref>.