#REDIRECT [[Lumbar Spine Fracture]]
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#REDIRECT [[Overview of Lumbar Spine Assessment]]
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#REDIRECT [[Manipulation of the Lumbar Spine]]
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#REDIRECT [[Subjective Assessment of the Lumbar Spine]]
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#REDIRECT [[Diagnostic Imaging of the Lumbar Spine]]
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#REDIRECT [[Subjective Assessment of the Lumbar Spine]]
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*[[Lumbar Examination|Lumbar Examination]]
**Lumbar shear test
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...cal Anatomy|cervical]] spine, thoracic spine and [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] spine to the sacrum. It connects the front (anterior) of the vertebral body to th
[[Category:Cervical Spine]]
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...stalis Lumborum, fibers from the transverse and mamillary processes of the lumbar vertebrae and lumbrosacral aponeurosis<ref name="p2">http://www.wheele
Dorsal rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (T7 to L5) <ref name="p3">http://www.anatomyexpert.com/app/st
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[[File:Lumbar-disc-arthroplasty.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Lumbar-disc-arthroplasty]]
...Shue J, Girardi FP. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5435628/ Lumbar disc replacement surgery—successes and obstacles to widespread adoption].
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...of the spinous processes from the seventh cervical vertebra to 3rd or 4th lumbar vertebrae. From vertebra C7 to the skull ligament becomes structurally dist
The supraspinous ligament is well developed only in the upper lumbar region and may terminate at L3, although the most common termination site a
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...tion) and posterior to anterior compression is applied again to the lumbar spine while the trunk musculature is contracted.<ref name="Flynn et al" /><ref>Du
...examination to predict radiographic instability of the lumbar spine.] Eur Spine J. 2005;14(8):743–50.</ref>
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...muscles, which spinalis belong to, are the most powerful extensors of the spine.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
...tebral]] spine and inserted into the bones of the upper thoracic vertebral spine.
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...ction via palpation: reliability and validity of a new clinical test.] The Spine Journal. 2015 Jun 1;15(6):1196-202.</ref>
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
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Lumbar rotation can be preformed in a supine position (lying on your back) keeping
...f%20the%20superior%20vertebra%20rotating%20on%20the%20inferior%20vertebra. Lumbar Rotation]</ref>
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...ad failed a full range of conservative treatment options including: lumbar spine activity modification, physical therapy, epidural steroid injections, and o
On examination, she was found to have reduced range of motion of her lumbar spine, positive sciatic nerve stretch testing, and measurable weakness in her cal
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...[[Sacroiliac Joint|sacroiliac joint pain]]. There is a high prevalence of lumbar and lumbosacral pathologies combined with hip abductor tendon disorders.<re
...tps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40141-019-00231-w A Review of Hip-Spine Syndrome.] Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports. 2019 Sep 1
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...ch provide cushioning between the vertebrae and absorb pressure put on the spine. It is a nearly universal condition in those who reach advanced age, but it
...edicine.medscape.com/article/249036-overview Bydon M, De la Garza-Ramos R. Lumbar Spondylosis. Medscape. Updated 2020, August 4; Accessed 2023, July 12. Avai
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When testing the thoracic and lumbar spine strength a few differences are noted:
*The Grades 5 and 4 tests for spine extension are different for the [[lumbar]] and [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] spines. Beginning at Grade 3, the tests
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..., and physical tests in the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis.] European Spine Journal. 2020 Jan;29:93-112.</ref>
Patients with lumbar spinal stenosis will demonstrate earlier onset of symptoms during level amb
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...dysfunctions in the axial skeleton. The first two laws solely apply to the lumbar and thoracic spinal regions, but the third applies to the entire vertebral
*When the spine is in neutral, sidebending to one side will be accompanied by horizontal ro
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...ic test used to diagnose facet joint injury in the spine especially in the lumbar and cervical region.<br>
...y with the thumbs over the spinous or transverse processes of the thoracic spine on both sides. The clinician looks for pain or hypomobility /hypermobility
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Musculoskeletal conditions of the lumbar-pelvic region eg
...ddle DL. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10696151 The relationship of lumbar flexion to disability in patients with low back pain.] Physical therapy. 20
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...https://www.physioadvisor.com.au/health/anatomy/ligaments/ligaments-of-the-spine/ (accessed 29 March 2019).
...in the thoracic region, broader, thicker, and quadrilateral in form in the lumbar region, and only slightly developed in the neck. In the neck they are often
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...the [[Erector Spinae]]. It consists of 3 major subgroups: semispinalis, [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]] and [[Rotatores Muscles|rotatores]].
...pans the whole length of the vertebral column, it is most developed in the lumbar region. It originates from the transverse process and crosses between 2 and
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The [http://www.stopsbackpain.com.au Treatment of Problems of the Spine (STOPS)] trial to prove that high quality Physiotherapy is effective&n
*[[Lumbar Discogenic Pain]]
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...ailable: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/physical-examination-of-the-lumbar-spine/ (acessed 20.11.2022)</ref>
...ar Spine Available;https://learnmuscles.com/blog/2017/08/30/motions-lumbar-spine/ (accessed 21.11.2022)</ref>
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...f each vertebra. These muscles are vital for allowing free movement of the spine.[[Image:250px-Iliostalis.png|Iliocostalis lumborum bottom R, iliocostalis d
...|serratus posterior inferior]] muscle. Iliocostalis lumborum is the lower (lumbar) portion of that muscle.
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...nstability_A_Case_Report Addition of the anterior shear test in diagnosing lumbar segmental instability: a case report]. Orthopaedic Practice. 2018; 30: 26-2
...would indicate a positive sign for the Anterior Stability Test.<ref>Week 6 Lumbar Special Tests [Unpublished Lecture Notes]. DPT 611: Musculoskeletal Physica
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...e (used for the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]] or the [[Lumbar|lumbar spine]]).
...compressive force. This test is used in differentiation and diagnosis of a lumbar posterior [http://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php/Facet_Joint_Syndrome facet
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...les. It is essential for correct standing or sitting [[Lumbar Examination|lumbar posture]], [[Hip Anatomy|hip joint]], and during [[Walking - Muscles Used|w
...vertebrae. There are two psoas minors, if present, one on each side of the spine.
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...n that can be used for [[Neck Pain: Clinical Practice Guidelines|neck]], [[Lumbar Anatomy|back,]] or [[shoulder]] pain.<ref>Ghan GM, Babu VS. Immediate effec
* Manipulation of the spine (MTS)can also be defined as a form of manual therapy that is used in an eff
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[[File:Lumbar-plexus-and-its-branches.png|right|frameless|354x354px]]
[[File:Lumbar Plexus Gray.png|right|frameless|401x401px]]
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...hly referenced position statement on the use of segmental palpation of the spine.
...ill include diagnostic properties for visual alignment tests of the lumbar spine, pelvis, leg-lengths, etc. What should be used; what should be avoided; wha
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...en I, Ammendolia C, Verhagen A, Laslett M, et al. Physical examination for lumbar radiculopathy due to disc herniation in patients with low-back pain. Cochra
...en I, Ammendolia C, Verhagen A, Laslett M, et al. Physical examination for lumbar radiculopathy due to disc herniation in patients with low-back pain. Cochra
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...sive set of [[Muscle|muscles]], that run all the way along the back of the spine. They’re known collectively as the paraspinal muscles. The paraspinal mus
...raspinal muscles support the spine and power and stabilise movement of the spine.
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...open the [[Lumbar Vertebrae|intervertebral foramen]] to provide additional lumbar stability. <ref name=":0" />
[[Category:Lumbar Spine - Interventions]]
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...ts with Ankylosing Spondylitis]., 2012, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, SPINE vol 37, Number 19, pp E1189-E1196 (level of Evidence: 1B)</ref>.
...e measurements in erect and flexion positions indicates the outcome of the lumbar flexion <ref name="Rez" />.
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...ythm.][[File:Basics of lumbar spine.jpg|center|thumb|<ref>basics of lumbar spine. source: pixy.org.CCO public domain, No attribution required. Available fro
...on with the pelvis. '''It is the kinematic relationship between the lumbar spine and hip joints during sagittal plane movement.'''
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* Longissimus thoracis (lumbar part):Lumbar intermuscular aponeurosis, posterior sacroiliac ligament and medial part of
* Longissimus thoracis (lumbar part): L1-L5 accessory and transverse processes
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...ces the spine at end of [[Range of Motion|range of motion]] and leaves the spine prone to acute and chronic injuries.
...1 Lower Back Injury Prevention and Sensitization of Hip Hinge with Neutral Spine Using Wearable Sensors during Lifting Exercises.] Sensors. 2021 Aug 14;21(1
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...s. The Posterior Chain refers to the structures at the back of the leg and spine. The main muscles that make up the Posterior Chain are the [[Gastrocnemius|
...29;8(1):96-113.</ref> highlighted this as a way to exercise and improve [[lumbar]] strength.
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...ack pain who demonstrate short-term improvement with spinal manipulation.] Spine. 2002;27:2835-2843.</ref> study in developing a clinical prediction rule fo
...almer JA. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16676870 The use of a lumbar spine manipulation technique by physical therapists in patients who satisfy a cli
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...ge/pain response assessment in the management of symptomatic lumbar discs. Spine J. 2003 Mar-Apr;3(2):146-54. doi: 10.1016/s1529-9430(02)00565-x. PMID: 1458
...Kenzie Approach]]) for the treatment of derangement classifications of the spine.
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...fear of moving. There was tenderness and muscle spasm over the right lumbar area and pain on left sided intervertebral joint mobilisations L2-4.
...n also revealed impairments of poor strength or muscle coordination in the lumbar region and core.
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...ve the patient slump forward at the thoracic and [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] spine. If this position does not cause pain, have the patient flex the neck by pl
...ef name="Stankovic 1999">Stankovic R, Johnell O, Maly P, Willner S. Use of lumbar extension, slump test, physical and neurological examination in the evaluat
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...ral shift is often seen with an acute onset of back pain with or without [[Lumbar Radiculopathy|radicular]] symptoms. The shift can occur towards the side of
...enzie method. ''The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society'', ''8''(1), 134–141. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.20
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...|iliac crest]] and inserts on the transverse process of [[Lumbar Vertebrae|lumbar]] one through five and the lower part of the twelfth [[Ribs|rib.]] The QL m
...elfth [[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|thoracic nerve]] and the spinal rami of the lumbar [[Spinal Nerves|spinal nerves]].
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...lateral facet joints transfer loads and guide and constrain motions in the spine due to their geometry and mechanical function<ref>Nicolas V. Jaumard, Willi
...is rather flat in the cervical and thoracic regions and more convex in the lumbar region. The opposing inferior facet of the superior vertebra is concave and
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...has a uniform width over the bodies and discs, but in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] region the ligament is widest at the levels of the intervertebral discs w
...his is significant in understanding certain pathological conditions of the spine such as the typical location for a spinal disc herniation.
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=== Head & Cervical Spine ===
*[[Surgical & Post‐op Management of Cervical Spine Stenosis|Surgical & Post-op Management of Cervical Spinal Stenosis]]
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...McKenzie back exercises that based on lumbar extension, it aims to improve lumbar flexion and strengthen the [[Gluteal Muscles|gluteal]] and [[Abdominal Musc
Lumbar flexion exercises is an exercise technique that aims to correct posture, re
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The Bragard's sign (also: Braggard's test) is used to evaluate whether lumbar and/or ischiadic pain originates from lumbosacral radiculopathy (e.g. [[Dis
...2891-017-1549-6/figures/1 link]. Examples of further tests include for the lumbar region are
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Obliterate lumbar curve by flexing other hip and holding.
Flex hip with hand under [[lumbar]] area to check no pelvic movement occurs.
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...muscle group is a very deep layer of muscles located on either side of the spine.
# Semispinalis cervicis muscle - fascicles cover the cervical and thoracic [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]] muscles
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...er limb, psoas major.</ref>It is essential for correct standing or sitting lumbar posture, stability of the hip joint, and during walking and running<ref nam
...cent intervertebral discs. The deeper portion originates at the first four lumbar vertebrae.<ref name=":3" />
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...nature<ref>Nikolai Bogduk. Clinical and Radiological Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine 5th Edition.Churchill Livingstone: Elsevier. Feb 2012.</ref><ref name=":0"
...ion, the ligament has '''pretension,''' preventing it from buckling. '''At lumbar vertebra,''' this pretension is provided by the traction and tension forces
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Spinous processes of T11-[[Lumbar Vertebrae|L2]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Palastanga, N., & Soames, R.
...produce thoracic extension as well as lateral flexion and rotation of the spine<ref name=":0" />.
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...y combining the anterior rami of the L1 and L2 spinal nerves at the lumbar spine. Descending through the retroperitoneum, it divides into genital and femora
[[File:Lumbar Plexus Gray.png|none|thumb]]
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...which exercise? A randomized control trial of exercise for low back pain]. Spine 2002;27(24):2529-2602.</ref>. The McKenzie side glide test is an assessment
...6960/ McKenzie diagnosis and therapy in the evaluation and management of a lumbar disc derangement syndrome: A case study.] J Chiropr Med, 2013;''2''(2): 60
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[[File:Spine anatomy.jpg|thumb|Lumbosacral spine]]
Linked with particular occupations: (see also [[Biomechanics of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation]])
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.... Manual Therapy 2009;14 (1), 52–60.</ref>. In the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] this approach is now well established. In the management of non-specific
...nment of the lumbar spine have been noted in subjects with flexion-related lumbar pain<ref name=":1" />.
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...r load balance within the spine, pelvis, and kinetic chain. They spare the spine from excessive load and are essential for lad transfer between the upper an
...[Abdominal Muscles|Abdominals]]; thoracolumbar; lumbar and lateral thoraco-lumbar muscles
8 KB (1,180 words) - 06:33, 12 February 2022
...The Three-Phases Test differentiates between the involvement of the lumbar spine, the SI joint and the hip. The patient is again in prone position and the e
* Lumbar spine: Fixation of the vertebra Th12 in ventral-caudal position while extending t
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...with a proximal attachment on the sacrum and the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae.
# Between the posterior and middle layers of the thoracolumbar fascia in the lumbar regions <ref>Radiopedia Erector Spinae Available: https://radiopaedia.org/a
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| rowspan="4" |Cervical Spine
| rowspan="4" |Thoraco-Lumbar Spine
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* Superficial tenderness: Tenderness over a wide area of lumbar skin to light touch or pinch.
...the examiner presses downwards vertically on the patient’s head, eliciting lumbar pain.
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...ctions followed by mechanical diagnosis and therapy to prevent surgery for lumbar disc herniation. ''Pain Medicine'', ''15''(7), 1100-1108.</ref>. looked at
[[Category:Lumbar Spine - Interventions]]
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Lumbo pelvic stability (LPS) refers to controlling the motion of the lumbar spine and pelvis relative to an arbitrarily defined neutral position. <ref>Mills
...mpartment muscles such as the transversus abdominis are most important for lumbar stability. <ref>Lynders C. [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1007/s
7 KB (1,050 words) - 23:18, 20 January 2024
...unction, flexibility, range of motion and angle of the thoracic and lumbar spine.] ''Fisioterapia e Pesquisa'', ''23''(4), pp.394-401. Available from: htt
...d flags]], [[Spinal Masqueraders|spinal masqueraders]], suspected [[Lumbar Spine Fracture|spinal fracture]] be sure to liaise with appropriate medics and in
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...onnect the spine to the pelvis, facilitating load transfer from the lumbar spine to the lower extremities.
The majority of low back pain (LBP) is perceived to arise from the lumbar spine, but another likely source of LBP that is largely overlooked is the SIJ.
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...lynn.+Staying+out+of+trouble+in+pediatric+orthopaedics.+Examination+of+the+spine.+Philadelphia,+2006.+P20-21.+Level+of+evidence:+D&ots=d_mu8QW6Af&sig=6ixw9s
...r [[Leg Length Discrepancy|limb length discrepancy]]. The [[Lumbar Anatomy|spine]] needs to be visible. The patient bends forward at the waist until the bac
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[[File:Osteoarthritic Spine (48605563867).png|right|frameless|alt=|476x476px]]
...and intervertebral disc degeneration: Quite different, quite similar.] JOR spine. 2018 Dec;1(4):e1033.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PM
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...(osteoligamentous spine), and neural components is necessary to prevent [[Lumbar Instability|instability]].
[[File:Testing lumbar flexion.jpg|thumb|Lumbosacral flexion]]
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...m/Low_Back_Pain Low Back Pain] through interventions aimed at the thoracic spine and the hip joints.
...sp;be sure to perform [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Lumbar_Examination Lumbar Examination] as well as [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Hip_Examina
8 KB (1,132 words) - 12:03, 2 August 2021
...h of the fascicles, as well as region covered. The groups are rotatores, [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]], and semispinalis.
...age and studies have shown a minimal contribution of the rotatores towards spine movements. Instead functioning as important stabilizers of the vertebral co
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...elated to contraction, and leads to an increase in stress applied to the [[lumbar]] area.<ref>Fujitani R, Jiromaru T, Kida N, Nomura T. [https://www.research
...lumbar spine (longer thoracic kyphosis is observed) 3. apparently shorter lumbar lordosis 4. normal or slightly decreased anterior [[Pelvic Tilt|pelvic tilt
8 KB (1,044 words) - 14:03, 21 May 2020
...back pain with radiologic diagnosis of spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis. Spine. 1997 Dec 15;22(24):2959-67.</ref>.
...ship between double leg lowering test and core strength test of the lumbar spine in normal healthy individuals]. Journal of Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medi
6 KB (837 words) - 02:42, 4 January 2022
...of patients with recent onset low back pain or lumbar radiculopathy]. Eur Spine J 2018; 27: 60-75<br>
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
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...Back Muscles|back muscles]] in the lower [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and lumbar area before passing through these muscles to attach to the [[sacrum]]. Abov
..., [[spasticity]] and increased tone in the lower thoracic spine and lumbar spine / paraspinal regions causing severe [[Pain Behaviours|pain]]<nowiki/>s. <re
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==== Lumbar Spine ====
==== Cervical Spine ====
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!Spine
|[[Rectus Abdominis|Lumbar flexors]]
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...ary clinical reasoning skills to either clear the lumbar spine or diagnose lumbar pathology.
...J, Kahle K. Diagnostic pitfalls in spine surgery: masqueraders of surgical spine disease. Neurosurgical Focus. 2011;31(4).</ref> - so these too much be cons
15 KB (2,238 words) - 10:13, 11 January 2023
...and reporting in orthopaedic physical therapy: application to the cervical spine. ''journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy'', ''40''(8), 455-463.<
...e Cervical Spine|cervical]] or [[Manipulation of the Lumbar Spine|lumbar]] spine dry needling. The types of adverse responses can vary greatly from mild to
5 KB (641 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
...s for Lumbar Assessment course.<ref name=":5">Rainey N. Considerations for Lumbar Assessment Course. Plus, 2023.</ref> They come from the following articles:
...10.1186/1471-2474-8-90 Reliability of movement control tests in the lumbar spine.] BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2007 Dec;8(1):1-1.<ref name=":1" />
9 KB (1,343 words) - 23:18, 2 February 2023
[[File:Osteoprosis of Spine.jpg|thumb|Osteoprosis of Spine]]The effects of bone structure changes may bring about:
...have received at least one compression fracture.<ref>Lumbar Compression [[Lumbar Compression Fracture|Fracture]]</ref>See also [[Osteoporotic Vertebral Frac
6 KB (768 words) - 12:04, 19 December 2022
Not attached to the thoracic spine, but an important group of muscles in this region is the Intercostal Group
...mentum nuchae of the neck, to the spinous processes of C7 and the thoracic spine down to T12. It connects the shoulder blade with the vertebral column and a
9 KB (1,326 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
[[Image:Lumbar vertebra.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Lumbar Vertebrae]]
...ed Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine">Ombregt, L. Applied Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine. Chapter 31 In: A System of Orthopaedic Medicine. Elsevier, 2013.</ref>
12 KB (1,649 words) - 22:08, 19 June 2023
...t is anterior [[Pelvic Tilt|pelvic tilt]]. This alters the position of the spine resulting in a [[Low Back Pain Related to Hyperlordosis|hyperlordosis]], wh
...s Back|Cyclists]] may develop a [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphotic thoracic spine]].
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== Canine Spine ==
...uns from the base of the head to the end of the tail.<ref>Cuteness. Canine Spine Anatomy.(Accessed on 2021/03/06). Available from https://www.cuteness.com/a
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...ter|thumb|650x650px|Three types of osteophytes related to the degenerative spine: (a) traction osteophytes (arrow), (b) claw osteophytes (arrow) and (c) wra
* [[Lumbar Spinal Stenosis]]
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The [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus muscle]] is from the deep [[Back Muscles|muscles of t
...ngth of the vertebral column but is most developed in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar area]].<ref name=":0" /> The multifidus muscle is a local [[Core Muscles|co
11 KB (1,714 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...use consistent with guidelines? A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Spine Journal. 2018 Dec 1;18(12):2266-77.</ref>
...will cover the four diagnostic imaging modalities commonly used in lumbar spine disorders.
11 KB (1,596 words) - 18:35, 21 March 2024
...nerves Available: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/nerves-innervation-of-the-spine/<nowiki/>(accessed 6.2.2022)</ref>
...ical]] spinal nerve pairs, 12 [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] pairs , five [[lumbar]] pairs, five [[Sacrum|sacral]] pairs, and one coccygeal pair.<ref>Brain ma
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...acrospinous ligament]]<nowiki/>s. They help stabilise the lumbosacral spine on the [[pelvis]].<ref>A STUDY OF ITS ANATOMY. DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL SIG
...ac Joint|sacroiliac joint]] is located in the pelvis and helps to keep the spine stable.<ref>http://www.medic8.com/healthguide/sports-medicine/iliolumbar-li
8 KB (1,246 words) - 17:16, 8 August 2022
Following an [[Lumbar Assessment|assessment]] of back function, we formulated a treatment plan. T
=== Erector Spinae/Lumbar Multifidus ===
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*[[Lumbar Facet Joint injections]]
*[[Manual Therapy Techniques For The Lumbar Spine]]
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...tionship to age, sex, and race: an anatomic study of cadaveric specimens.] Spine. 2007;32(19):2058-62.</ref> Based on the data of previous studies, the risk
...lower back region. Patients with this syndrome can experience pain in the lumbar facet joint or joint capsule, which may spread down to the limb if the synd
14 KB (2,016 words) - 15:49, 30 September 2023
...ck, being anatomically able to control segmental movements of the cervical spine in concert with the [[Cervical Deep Neck Flexors|deep cervical flexors.]]<r
...mbar Multifidus|Multifidus]] - which acts as a segmental stabiliser as the spine moves. It is thought that the unique design of the multifidus endows it wit
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Spine AROM:
*Lumbar Flexion=45 deg
4 KB (654 words) - 19:43, 13 October 2019
...ecause of less frequent upper lumbar radioculopathies as compared to lower lumbar radiculopathies<ref name=":0">Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapy From Art
...sidered as an anterior corollary of SLR and assesses the mobility of upper lumbar nerve segments.
11 KB (1,605 words) - 12:04, 17 January 2022
==Spine==
...ass="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">[[Image:Sagittal section of the cervical spine Primal.png|200px|center]]<br>
21 KB (3,064 words) - 18:47, 14 June 2021
...of the extremities and SNAGS (sustained natural apophyseal glides) of the spine were first coined by Brian R. Mulligan <ref>Mulligan, BR: Manual Therapy �
...t if a headache stops with a manual technique involving the upper cervical spine then, this must be diagnostically significant as to the site of the lesion
10 KB (1,553 words) - 21:19, 17 October 2020
...crest, the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS). These landmarks are instrumental in physical examinations by allowi
This level corresponds to around L3-L4 [[Lumbar Vertebrae|lumbar vertebrae]]<ref name=":0" />.
4 KB (662 words) - 02:32, 7 November 2021
...464x464px|FABERs test. Attribution to "Dr. Donald Corenman, MD - Colroado Spine Doctor".]]
...al pain provocation test to assist in diagnosis of pathologies at the hip, lumbar and sacroiliac region. <ref name="martin et al">Martin RL, Sekiya JK. [http
10 KB (1,492 words) - 05:02, 25 March 2022
...k), 12 in the thoracic region (middle back), and 5 in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar region]] (lower back).
...at deal of strength. They also provide a shock-absorbing effect within the spine and prevent the vertebrae from grinding together. They consist of three maj
14 KB (2,100 words) - 02:18, 2 April 2024
...curl up exercise works on the endurance of the abdominals, important in [[Lumbar|back]] support and [[Core Stability|core stability]].<ref name=":5">Top end
...acts as a corset contributing to the inter-segmental control of the lumbar spine, rather than contributing in trunk flexion<ref name=":0" />.
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...m/index.php/Intervertebral_disc intervertebral disc] and [[Biomechanics of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation]]
Internal disc disruption is a subgroup of [[Lumbar Discogenic Pain|discogenic pain]].
11 KB (1,640 words) - 12:12, 1 December 2022
...ams for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized clinical trial. Spine. 2006;31:2541-2549.</ref><ref>Reiman MP, Weisbach PC, Glynn PE. The hips in
2. Interventions aimed at the lumbar spine have been used to treat:
7 KB (1,039 words) - 06:10, 22 March 2018
...chronic_low_back_pain Outcome measures in chronic low back pain.] European Spine Journal. 2010 Sep 1;19(9):1484-94.</ref>
...chronic_low_back_pain Outcome measures in chronic low back pain.] European Spine Journal. 2010 Sep 1;19(9):1484-94.</ref>
7 KB (965 words) - 13:07, 13 September 2021
...:e0222822.</ref> However, it is often difficult to distinguish whether the spine or limb is the primary cause of lameness in a horse as spinal problems are
...ical assessment. This page will discuss assessments specific to the equine spine that are not discussed in detail in the [[Objective Assessment of the Equin
17 KB (2,705 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
...of the C7 vertebra. This muscle extends and laterally flexes the thoracic spine and is innervated by the lateral branches of the posterior primary division
...teral flexion of the spine, while when acting bilaterally, they extend the spine.
5 KB (736 words) - 02:32, 6 February 2022
The [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] supports much of the upper body's weight. [[Intervertebral disc|Intervert
...tebral column. This article discusses the key anatomical structures of the lumbar vertebrae and abdominal wall, including the bony structures, articulations,
27 KB (3,999 words) - 02:49, 28 August 2023
# Back posture on the bicycle can strain the lower back (lumbar spine flexed) so a long time in the saddle can take its toll on the back.
...cient length of hamstrings, causing pulling on the pelvis and rotating the spine into flexion.<ref name=":0" />
11 KB (1,745 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...n the superior [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine and the inferior lumbar spine. It consists of 12 vertebrae that are distinct in shape and function from v
...tched on their superior and inferior surfaces, in the articulated thoracic spine, these notches form the intervertebral foramina for the passage of the thor
13 KB (1,793 words) - 12:44, 27 May 2023
...with increasing lordosis and with hyperlordosis. The pull of muscle on the lumbar vertebrae also creates an increasing shear strength on the vertebrae.<ref>T
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...nt to learn the principles of proper body mechanics<ref name=":0">Colorado spine inst. [https://www.coloradospineinstitute.com/education/wellness/body-mecha
* Proper body mechanics are vitally important for keeping your spine healthy, it's easy to incorporate these principles into daily life.
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...he back. Unilaterally they assist with lateral bending and rotation of the spine<ref name=":0" />.
# [[Lumbar Multifidus|Multifidus]]
8 KB (1,054 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...d to design a variety of diagnostic and treatment procedures for chronic [[Lumbar Discogenic Pain|discogenic pain]] <ref name=":0">Shayota B, Wong TL, Fru D,
...nsory Nerve Fibers and Endings in Lumbar Intervertebral Discs of the Rat]. Spine.1991;16:653-655.</ref>, and into the nucleus pulposus in another <ref>Peng
4 KB (560 words) - 00:40, 23 October 2020
...Joints|Facet]] arthrosis is a painful [[arthritis]]-like condition of the spine caused by degeneration of the joints between the spinal bones.
...ertebrae posteriorly and and help with twisting and turning motions of the spine. <ref name=":0">Brennan D. Facet arthrosis: What is it and what causes it?
13 KB (1,863 words) - 17:10, 19 May 2022
...ty, shock absorption, and load distribution properties in a healthy lumbar spine.<ref name=":0">Vital, J., & Cawley, D. Spinal Anatomy Modern Concepts; Spri
...sults in reduction of stability and increased load bearing for the healthy lumbar arch to maintain.
15 KB (2,069 words) - 12:35, 2 August 2021
...et al 2016). Cricketers mainly sustain non-contact injuries to the lumbar spine (1.1 - 3.4 injuries per squad per season) and the lower limb (0.3 - 5.9 inj
* Lumbar spine extension
5 KB (725 words) - 18:21, 7 December 2023
...thoracolumbar fascia]] latissimus dorsi attaches to the [[Lumbar Vertebrae|lumbar]] and sacral spinous processes (T6 to S5 levels), and the [[supraspinous li
...Currently, the evidence is mixed on how much influence this muscle has on spine extension, lateral flexion, or rotation<ref name=":4" />.
11 KB (1,607 words) - 10:02, 2 April 2024
...ed primarily for the diagnosis and differentiation of facet syndrome and [[Lumbar Radiculopathy|radicular pain syndrome]], and are one of the spinal interven
== Lumbar Facet Joints ==
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...ngenital Spine Deformities|structural deformity]], inflammatory disorder, [[Lumbar Radiculopathy|radicular syndrome]], or [[Cauda Equina Syndrome|cauda equina
...ychosocial predictors of outcome in acute and subchronic low back trouble. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995 Mar 15;20(6):722-8.Level of evidence 3C</ref>
16 KB (2,340 words) - 21:56, 28 October 2023
...evaluate.<ref name=":1">Berry JA, Elia C, Saini HS, Miulli DE. A review of lumbar radiculopathy, diagnosis, and treatment. ''Cureus'', 2019;''11''(10):e5934.
...and quality of life versus routine physical therapy alone in patients with lumbar radiculopathy; a randomized controlled trial]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 20
16 KB (2,431 words) - 01:38, 27 February 2024
...reveals the movement comprises of : [[Hip Anatomy|Hip]] Extension; [[Lumbar]] extension; and Posterior [[Pelvic Tilt|Pelvic tilt.]]
...racolumbar fascia, so its activation increases the stiffness of the lumbar spine. It should be noted that, rectus abdominis muscle activity increase on the
7 KB (1,005 words) - 09:52, 22 November 2022
...t commonly imaged areas are he hip (head of the femur), lower back (lumbar spine) or heel (calcaneum), One peak is absorbed by soft tissue and the other by
* an X-ray of your spine showing a break or bone loss in your spine
5 KB (776 words) - 09:46, 6 August 2022
...ft tissues where adjacent spinous processes in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] rub against each other.<ref name=":4">Radiopedia. Basstrup Syndrome. Avai
...Baastrup's disease as a cause of neurogenic claudication: a case report]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003 Jul 15;28(14):E273-5.</ref>
15 KB (2,086 words) - 19:53, 26 February 2024
...181189&ei=GZ2uY_yfMYa8yATUzZGgCg&scisig=AAGBfm03lVzUHVhRGS8YC8pG4Qkj11Oclg Lumbar interbody fusion] : techniques , indications and comparison of interbody
...ce after discectomy<ref name=":1" /> and successful union of two or more [[Lumbar Vertebrae|vertebra]]<ref name=":0" />.
17 KB (2,420 words) - 11:56, 24 April 2024
Treating the lumbar spine can be complex. It can be difficult to know when to apply the techniques yo
..."words are very powerful"<ref name=":3">Rainey, N. Treatment of the Lumbar Spine Course. Physiopedia Plus. 2023</ref>
14 KB (2,115 words) - 10:48, 9 March 2023
[[File:SPINE ANATOMY.jpg|thumb]]
...sms<ref name=":2">Beazell, J. R., Mullins, M., & Grindstaff, T. L. (2010). Lumbar instability: An evolving and challenging concept. ''The Journal of Manual &
13 KB (1,940 words) - 16:55, 2 February 2024
[[File:Lumbar spondylosis2.JPG|right|frameless|400x400px]]
...95/ Surgery for degenerative lumbar spondylosis: updated Cochrane Review]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30(20):2312-20. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000182315.88558.
20 KB (2,783 words) - 18:33, 21 March 2024
...extends downwards from the [[brainstem]] through the central column of the spine. It is a relatively small bundle of tissue (weighing 35g and just about 1cm
...f the first lumbar vertebra. It is enlarged at two sites, the cervical and lumbar region.
12 KB (1,785 words) - 18:31, 17 January 2023
...uation of forward head posture in sitting and standing positions. European spine journal. 2016 Nov;25(11):3577-82.</ref>
[[Category:Cervical Spine]]
5 KB (743 words) - 10:28, 2 November 2021
..., Kavishwar RA, Shetty AP, Shanmuganathan R. Spondylolysis of the Thoracic Spine with Instability: A Rare Cause for Myelopathy. JBJS Case Connector. 2022 Ja
...le:Lumbar vertebra.png|alt=Anatomy of a Lumbar Vertebra|thumb|Anatomy of a Lumbar Vertebra|none|400x400px]]
14 KB (1,923 words) - 13:19, 30 June 2023
...Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. Spine 2000;25(24):3115-24</ref>
...y) to 24 (max. disability) depending on the questionnaire used. <ref name="Spine" /> Roland and Morris omitted describing the various levels of disability (
7 KB (1,094 words) - 11:03, 29 November 2022
* The sacrum is made of five fused [[Lumbar Vertebrae|vertebrae]] configured as an inverted triangular bone that is con
* Though the spinal cord ends in the lumbar region (L1-L2), the dura mater extends to S2.
6 KB (933 words) - 10:55, 24 May 2022
* Neurological cases, [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] and [[Cervical Examination|cervical]] [[radiculopathy]], the test is asso
...l examination and patient self-report measures for cervical radiculopathy. Spine. 2003 Jan 1;28(1):52-62.</ref>.
7 KB (981 words) - 10:49, 24 May 2022
...sses<ref name=":3">Spine Health Spinal Manipulation Available: https://www.spine-health.com/glossary/spinal-manipulation (accessed 13.6.2021)</ref>.
...back pain who demonstrate short-term improvement with spinal manipulation. Spine. 2002;27(24):2835-2843.</ref>Criteria included in the five factor predictor
15 KB (2,155 words) - 12:31, 17 October 2023
...J, Kahle K. Diagnostic pitfalls in spine surgery: masqueraders of surgical spine disease. Neurosurgical Focus. 2011;31(4).</ref>. Although the percentage of
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
4 KB (599 words) - 11:30, 28 August 2023
..., has also been described, as the phenomenon of pain (originating from the spine) spreading distally into the limb. <ref name=":1" />
...agnosis, prognosis, and treatment of diskogenic low back pain.] Joint Bone Spine 2007; 74:319-323.</ref> Because these differences make the comparison of st
13 KB (1,757 words) - 08:56, 29 April 2022
...reased flexion of the hips, and a compensatory hyperlordosis in the lumbar spine.
...changes such as: anterior pelvic tilt, increased lumbar lordosis, lateral lumbar shift, external rotation of hip and knee hyperextension. It also can lead t
16 KB (2,431 words) - 16:46, 15 December 2022
...patient and places his thumbs directly under each posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS).<ref name="p2" />
...tarting with flexing the neck, then the upper thoracic spine to the lumbar spine, and as far as possible while keeping the knees extended. The therapist wil
8 KB (1,150 words) - 00:19, 14 March 2021
Many [[Lumbar Anatomy|lower back]] injuries come about as a result of poor lifting techni
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
4 KB (595 words) - 06:59, 24 April 2022
...n<ref>E spine Exercise and Fitness to Help Your Back Available:https://www.spine-health.com/wellness/exercise/exercise-and-fitness-help-your-back (accessed
...-Yde C. Association between back pain and physical fitness in adolescents. Spine. 2006 Jul 1;31(15):1740-4.Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/168167
17 KB (2,555 words) - 17:10, 8 January 2024
[[File:SPINE ANATOMY.jpg|right|frameless|300x300px]]
...me=":2">IC Lumbar Instability Available:https://www.institutoclavel.com/en/lumbar-instability (accessed 16.6.2021)</ref>
21 KB (3,141 words) - 18:31, 12 April 2023
[[File:Lumbar aponeurosis.jpeg|right|frameless|399x399px]]
Image 1: Lumbar aponeurosis
9 KB (1,298 words) - 16:06, 23 February 2024
This page supports the Plus course, Classification of Lumbar Spine Impairments, by Dr. Shala Cunningham. It discusses an updated classificatio
* Exercises for spine mobility
17 KB (2,358 words) - 16:46, 4 March 2024
...dure that removes a portion of a vertebra called the lamina. It is a major spine operation with residual scar tissue and may result in post-laminectomy synd
...for bilateral decompression and open laminectomy. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine. 2014 Aug 1;21(2):179-86.</ref><ref>Estefan M, GO CW. Laminectomy.</ref>
13 KB (1,759 words) - 14:43, 29 June 2023
...erenced position statement on the use of segmental palpation of the lumbar spine.
...tains to the reliability of the manual segmental examination of the lumbar spine and how it plays into the management of patients with low back pain.<br>
19 KB (2,812 words) - 15:27, 6 June 2017
...ure (FHP), defined as the forward displacement of the head on the cervical spine, has been commonly associated with neck pain.<ref>Ghamkhar L, Kahlaee AH. [
* Stiff upper thoracic spine or rounded upper spine causing cervical spine to hyperextend to see ahead.
8 KB (1,232 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
[[File:Lumbar joints image.png|thumb|There are three joints between lumbar vertebrae two facet joints (zygapophyseal joints), one at either side and a
...eatures and have very similar function. All stress fractures in the lumbar spine occur at either L3 (12% of stress fractures), L4 (35% of stress fractures)
22 KB (3,229 words) - 10:18, 21 March 2024
...lt in pain and weakness in the forearm. Similarly, an impingement in the [[lumbar]] region can be manifested with symptoms in the foot.
...athy%20is%20one%20of,process%20within%20the%20spinal%20column. A review of lumbar radiculopathy, diagnosis, and treatment]. Cureus. 2019 Oct;11(10).</ref>.
16 KB (2,204 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
* Lumbar spine flexion: Bilateral hands to mid-shin, pain with returning to standing,
* Lumbar spine extension: Increased pain, reduced range of motion
7 KB (1,030 words) - 16:57, 1 February 2021
...ed on Clinical Practice Guidelines for Patients with Acute Low Back Pain.] SPINE. 28 (13) 1363-1372. </ref> compared the treatment based classification (TBC
Hicks et al's <ref name="Hicks" /> lumbar stabilization rule contains two groups: a “Success” group and an “Imp
14 KB (2,004 words) - 11:52, 20 May 2021
...he ULTT's are equivalent to the straight leg raise designed for the lumbar spine.
...d. To further sensitise the upper limb tests, side flexion of the cervical spine can be added<ref>Wells P. Cervical dysfunction and shoulder problems. Physi
13 KB (1,862 words) - 19:12, 8 March 2024
...279-5#Sec7 Low back pain: critical assessment of various scales.] European Spine Journal. 2020 Mar;29:503-18.</ref>.
...ex. Part 1: cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity. European spine journal. 2006 Feb;15:55-65.</ref>.
8 KB (1,122 words) - 22:13, 30 July 2023
...ower back (where most back pain occurs) includes the five vertebrae in the lumbar region and supports much of the weight of the upper body. The spaces betwee
...Futterman B. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459278/ Anatomy, back, lumbar vertebrae.] InStatPearls [Internet] 2018 Dec 13. StatPearls Publishing. Ava
23 KB (3,511 words) - 09:38, 12 January 2022
...ic [[arteries]], superficial and deep circumflex iliac arteries, posterior lumbar arteries.
...iopedia&utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=ongoing_internal low back pain] and lumbar instability<ref name=":0">Lynders C. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.
7 KB (1,009 words) - 15:39, 21 March 2023
...Spine 2006;31(9):254–262.</ref><ref name="bron 2">McKenzie R., The lumbar spine: Mechanical diagnosis and therapy. Wellington: Spinal publications New-Zeal
...ine.org/article/S0161-4754(03)00104-0/fulltext Reliability of detection of lumbar lateral shift]''[https://www.jmptonline.org/article/S0161-4754(03)00104-0/f
19 KB (2,785 words) - 19:07, 4 July 2023
| Spine <br>
...s R.Spine surgeon and musculoskeletal oncologist.http://www.rexmarcomd.com/spine-osteotomy/</ref> ===
8 KB (1,280 words) - 18:35, 17 October 2020
...approximately 3-5% of the population. Males are more likely to experience lumbar radiculopathy when they are in their 40s, and females are more likely to ex
...neural foramen, bony growth or disc degeneration).<ref name=":6">Rainey N. Lumbar Radiculopathy Treatment Course. Plus, 2024.</ref>
24 KB (3,346 words) - 01:19, 3 April 2024
...place the back of the affected arm (dorsum of the hand) in the mid lumbar spine area. The testing movement involves the patient performing internal rotatio
...st was modified from the hand being placed in the region of the mid-lumbar spine, to the hand at the buttocks region. However when resistance was applied du
8 KB (1,229 words) - 16:51, 8 February 2021
...ore muscles]] and help keep the body stable and balanced, and protects the spine.
...ain. eg The abdominal muscles work together to control the movement of the spine, pelvis, and
15 KB (2,185 words) - 16:41, 11 April 2022
...n early fetal development and in turn cause structural problems within the spine and spinal cord. These deformities can range from mild to severe and may ca
...ngenital spinal deformities Available:https://khavkinclinic.com/congential-spine-deformities/ (accessed 10.10.2021)</ref>
17 KB (2,458 words) - 15:25, 9 January 2023
...f>WebMd. [https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/guide/spinal-stenosis#1 Cervical spine stenosis.] Available from: https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/guide/spinal-ste
...s most commonly in either the [[Lumbar|lumbar]] or cervical regions of the spine. Abnormalities that can lead to stenosis are twice as likely to be seen on
17 KB (2,296 words) - 17:40, 17 October 2020
...uloskeletal abnormalities and primary-chronic inflammation of the [[Lumbar|lumbar]] vertebrae and [[Sacroiliac Joint|Sacroiliac joint]] (SIJ).<ref>Gaens
...cal history and physical examination in diagnosing sacroiliac joint pain]. Spine. 1996 Nov 15;21(22):2594-602.</ref> The patient should hold the non-tested
12 KB (1,729 words) - 09:29, 31 December 2021
...ition with their hips and knees flexed to 90° and ensuring that the lumbar spine remains as neutral as possible.
2 KB (353 words) - 12:14, 30 April 2024
This guide gives a general overview of the anatomy of the thoracic spine. It also includes some facts regarding pathophysiology in this region.
The sagittal plane alignment of the Thoracic spine is on average 35% (normal range is 20° to 50°).<ref name=":2" />
20 KB (2,892 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
[[Category:Thoracic Spine]]
The [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] is an area of the spine that has, historically, been under-explored. It can, however, be a silent c
15 KB (2,158 words) - 16:17, 13 January 2023
...orted symptom severity and physical function in patients with degenerative lumbar conditions. Phys Ther. 2005 Feb;85(2):120-33. Evidence level: 2a grade of r
...led information on the anatomy of the [[Hip Anatomy|hip]], [[Lumbar|lumbar spine]] and [[Sacroiliac Joint]].
7 KB (1,082 words) - 20:55, 31 January 2021
...ction more readily than other joints, such as the knees, hips, or thoracic spine."<ref>Cholewicki J, Breen A, Popovich Jr JM, Reeves NP, Sahrmann SA, Van Di
...d back muscle activity during walking: changes in motor control]. European Spine Journal. 2006 Feb;15(1):23-40.</ref>
17 KB (2,490 words) - 04:54, 30 January 2023
The OWD may be abnormal in kyphosis (forward curvature of the upper thoracic spine) due<ref name=":1" />
* [[Congenital Spine Deformities|Congenital spinal deformity]]
7 KB (1,025 words) - 01:29, 27 January 2023
...osis is an external aid that is used to correct and support the spine. The spine is a complex anatomical structure and is key to our function. It is not pos
* Maintains alignment of spine
18 KB (2,546 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
Sciatica pain often is worsened with flexion of the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]], twisting, bending, or coughing<ref name=":6" />.
* [[Lumbar Discogenic Pain|Herniated or bulging lumbar intervertebral disc]]
16 KB (2,365 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
...com/articlelibrary/viewarticle/24813/<nowiki/>(accessed 28.5.2021)</ref> [[Lumbar]] strain accounts for 70% of mechanical low back pain.<ref name=":0">Will J
...-3-319-50512-1_91 Lumbosacral Muscle Strain 91. Musculoskeletal Sports and Spine Disorders: A Comprehensive Guide.] 2018 Feb 8:395.</ref><ref name=":3">DePa
15 KB (2,127 words) - 13:29, 9 April 2024
*upper thoracic spine mobility stretch
The spine is also a recognized site predisposed to injury in the elite swimmer, mainl
16 KB (2,203 words) - 13:54, 15 June 2023
...92x492px]]The importance of the core relate to its function ie sparing the spine from excessive load and transfer force from the lower body to the upper bod
...ct the back, ideally we want to create 360 degrees of stiffness around the spine as we move, run, jump, throw, lift objects and transfer force throughout ou
13 KB (1,943 words) - 09:44, 22 April 2022
...e [[Facet Joints|facet joints]] (also termed zygapophyseal joints) of the spine become a source of [[Pain Behaviours|pain]].
...P, Lefkowitz TR, Schweitzer M, Errico TJ, Spivak J, Bendo JA, Rybak L. The lumbar facet joint: a review of current knowledge: part 1: anatomy, biomechanics,
23 KB (3,369 words) - 08:28, 15 June 2021
...e transversus abdomini which increases the spine stiffness, increasing the spine stability.<ref>Selkow NM, Eck MR, Rivas S. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pm
...Stephanie D, Nicole L. John H. Hollman. Magnitudes of muscle activation of spine stabilizers in healthy adults during prone on elbow planking exercises with
8 KB (1,164 words) - 04:51, 1 April 2022
...f the posture causing lumbar lordosis. Anterior pelvic tilting strengthens lumbar lordosis whereas posterior pelvic tilting has the opposite effect. Posterio
...he patient with excessive lumbar lordosis, and the multifidus in decreased lumbar lordosis<ref name=":0" />.
13 KB (2,062 words) - 15:09, 13 March 2023
#Education about the anatomy and function of the spine, spinal biomechanics, physiopathology of frequent back disorders, epidemiol
...., Bombardier, C., Koes, B., 'Back schools for nonspecific low back pain', Spine, 2005, Vol. 30, nr. 19, p. 2153-2163 (Level of evidence 1A)</ref>
9 KB (1,300 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...nly related symptoms are back pain, [[Kyphosis|kyphotic]] deformity of the spine, lower limb weakness, and [[paraplegia]]. <ref name=":0">Radiopedia Tu
Tuberculous spondylitis is one of the more common infections of spine in countries where TB is prevalent. Unfortunately, the incidence of Pott Di
15 KB (2,060 words) - 06:45, 27 July 2023
...generation and low back pain in a large-scale population-based cohort. The Spine Journal. 2016 Jan 1;16(1):32-41.</ref> Their presence in clients receiving
...ndependent risk factor for episodes of severe and disabling low back pain. Spine. 2015 Aug 1;40(15):1187-93.</ref>
11 KB (1,638 words) - 02:45, 15 October 2019
...utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=ongoing_internal Radicular pain from Lumbar spine origin]
...ask due to the ''complicated anatomy of the Sacroiliac joint'', the Lumbar spine and the buttock area. The diagnosis is even challenged more by the ''incons
21 KB (2,879 words) - 21:16, 30 October 2022
...ines for the Management of Acute Low Back Pain in Primary Care. . European spine journal. 2006 Mar;15(Suppl 2):s169.
...low back pain]. Airaksinen O, Brox JI, Cedraschi C et al (2006) Eur Spine J 15(2):S192–S300: Europe, COST B13 Working Group on Guidelines for the M
10 KB (1,336 words) - 03:10, 18 April 2020
...lumbosacral position sense in individuals with and without low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Apr 15;25(8):989-94.</ref>
...stabilizing.<ref name="Bogduk N.">BOGDUK N. clinical anatomy of the lumbar spine and sacrum. Edinburgh: Churchill livingstone. 1997.</ref>Together with the
14 KB (2,166 words) - 00:34, 13 October 2019
* Lordosis of the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]] inhibits laryngeal elevation and affects swallowing<ref>Sato K, Chitose S
* Sequelae of spine [[osteomyelitis]]
18 KB (2,563 words) - 20:05, 9 January 2024
...asurements as risk indicators for low-back trouble over a one-year period. Spine. 1984;9:106–119.</ref> is "measuring how many seconds the subject is able
...sing the sorensen test: a critical appraisal of the literature. Joint Bone Spine. 2006;73(1): 43-50.</ref> shows that maintaining the Biering–Sorenson pos
7 KB (984 words) - 09:17, 30 January 2022
*[[Degenerative Disc Disease|Intervertebral Disk Disease (Lumbar Spine)]]
*[[Facet Joint Syndrome|Facet Joint Syndrome (Lumbar Spine)]]
9 KB (1,198 words) - 12:40, 27 October 2022
...yx [[fracture]] is a break in the tailbone. This is the lowest part of the spine. A fractured coccyx can be a very [[Pain Mechanisms|painful]] acute or chro
...that stretch the ligaments and strengthen the muscles supporting the lower spine.
9 KB (1,281 words) - 10:15, 20 May 2022
...lude:<ref name=":0">Bell-Jenje T. Assessment and Treatment of the Thoracic Spine Course. Plus , 2021.</ref>
...f conditions that can [[Clinical Reasoning and Pathologies of the Thoracic Spine|masquerade]] as musculoskeletal thoracic pain
15 KB (2,131 words) - 11:47, 28 March 2024
...balance dysfunction, as the diaphragm has an important role in maintaining lumbar spinal stability. This task is accomplished through increased intra-abdomin
...abdominal muscles creates a rigid cylinder which decreases the load on the spine.<ref name=":4" />
16 KB (2,238 words) - 12:19, 22 November 2023
...e of Hippocrates, for the relief of pain.<ref name="Saunders">Saunders HD. Lumbar traction*. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1979; 1(1): 36-45. (LEVEL 1A)</ref>
... </ref><ref>Harte AA, Baxter GD, Gracey JH. The effectiveness of motorised lumbar traction in the management of LBP with lumbo sacral nerve root involvement:
26 KB (4,004 words) - 11:31, 5 January 2024
# Increased lumbar lordosis and
...ce.<ref name=":0">Been, Ella, and Leonid Kalichman. "Lumbar lordosis." The Spine Journal 2014; 14.1: 87-97.</ref> [See [[Cardinal Planes and Axes of Movemen
25 KB (3,795 words) - 16:49, 10 August 2022
Briefly, lumbar spinal stenosis is characterised by compression of neural tissue either at
...s generally due to natural degenerative changes . Rarely cancer around the spine can be the cause of spinal stenosis.
27 KB (3,843 words) - 08:31, 28 March 2024
...t of patients with recent onset low back pain or lumbar radiculopathy. Eur Spine J 2018; 27: 60-75.</ref><ref>Van Wambeke P, Desomer A, Ailliet L, et al. Su
...back pain with movement coordination impairments and in patients post lumbar microdiscectomy.
16 KB (2,370 words) - 11:46, 28 August 2023
...Clinical Center. http://www.umm.edu/programs/spine/health/guides/cervical-spine-anatomy. Accessed 21 april 2017.</ref><ref name="Gray">Gray H. Gray's Anato
...ar regions of the spine. Unlike the other parts of the spine, the cervical spine has transverse foramina in each vertebra for the vertebral arteries that su
15 KB (2,243 words) - 10:15, 24 January 2022
* '''Mobility''' of the cervical spine.
...ive strain. Prolonged sitting posture affects the natural curvature of the spine, while also increasing the pressure on vertebral discs, ligaments, and musc
10 KB (1,410 words) - 14:36, 29 January 2024
...e="magee">David J. Magee;Orthopaedic Physical Assessment; Chapter 9-Lumbar Spine;Fifth Edition: Pg 558-564.</ref><ref name="Dutton">Dutton, M. (2008). Ortho
...ters MW, Boyd BS. Reliability of the straight leg raise test for suspected lumbar radicular pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Musculoskeletal sci
15 KB (2,227 words) - 22:08, 21 March 2023
...umatic pneumorrhachis: etiology, pathomechanism, diagnosis, and treatment. Spine J. 2011 Feb;11(2):153-7. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.12.010. PMID: 21296300.
...its and a few cases are as a result of stab injuries to the lower cervical spine.<ref>Traumatic pneumorrhachis: 2 cases and review of the literature Hasan K
12 KB (1,525 words) - 11:12, 5 May 2023
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
3 KB (524 words) - 15:19, 20 January 2023
...e management of acute nonspecific low back pain in primary care.] European spine journal. 2006 Mar;15(Suppl 2):s169.</ref> Serious conditions account for 1-
...ify the disc, SIJ or facet joint as the source of low back pain.] European Spine Journal. 2007 Oct 1;16(10):1539-50.</ref>
25 KB (3,634 words) - 23:31, 18 December 2023
...g characteristics<ref name=":2">Spinal anatomy and backpain. P.F. Ullrich. Spine-health, trusted information for backpain</ref>:
...nal column, the more weight it must bear. The five vertebrae of the lumbar spine (L1-L5) are the biggest unfused vertebrae in the spinal column, enabling th
27 KB (4,053 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...thopaedic Practice. 2006;18(3):6.</ref> Patients with [[Lumbar Instability|lumbar instability]] show loss of spinal motion segment stiffness in with normal e
....<ref>Studnicka K, Ampat G. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562179/ Lumbar Stabilization]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2020.</ref>
33 KB (5,055 words) - 12:01, 24 April 2024
[[File:Lumbar Plexus Gray.png|thumb|265x265px]]
The ilioinguinal nerve is a mixed nerve that originates from the lumbar plexus. It emerges near the outer edge of the psoas major muscle and travel
8 KB (1,162 words) - 06:19, 26 April 2024
*Nil impairment in motor control of the lumbar spine musculature during sit to stand transitions or ascending/descending stairs.
...sents with subacute back pain with motor control impairments in the lumbar spine, within an overall background of recurrence. It can be reasoned that the di
11 KB (1,649 words) - 11:20, 18 August 2022
Fractures of [[Lumbar Vertebrae|lumbar vertebrae]] occur in the setting of either severe trauma or pathologic weak
* [[Osteoporosis]] is the underlying cause of many lumbar fractures, especially in postmenopausal women.
26 KB (3,747 words) - 17:01, 17 January 2023
...st described his concept of mobilisations and [[Manipulation of the Lumbar Spine|manipulations]] in 1965<ref>Banks, K. Geoffrey D. Maitland, 1924–2010, Ph
This can be applied both to the spine and to the extremities, with the goal of reducing [[Pain Behaviours|pain]]
20 KB (2,903 words) - 10:28, 13 April 2022
...[[Cervical Spondylosis|spondylosis]] (degenerative changes in the cervical spine) but can also be the result of traumatic (fractures and instability) and in
...w KD. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272453 Prevalence of cervical spine stenosis: anatomic study in cadavers]. JBJS. 2007 Feb 1;89(2):376-80.</ref>
15 KB (2,175 words) - 11:37, 15 November 2023
...ted to the particular orientation, structure, and function of the thoracic spine in the vertebral column.
...weight of the of the axial skeleton as compared to the thoracic and sacral spine.
18 KB (2,502 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...] and efficient use of the [[Muscle|muscles]] that control and support the spine. The therapist guides the client to practice normal use of the muscles duri
...n and disability in chronic and recurrent low back pain: a meta-analysis]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013; 38(6): E350-8</ref>. A 2016 systematic review evalua
41 KB (6,130 words) - 20:41, 20 January 2024
...ve forward lean with upper body and shoulders. Lumbar spine looses neutral spine position and excessively flexes for extends - Potential Dysfunction, hip mo
5 KB (680 words) - 02:02, 20 February 2022
...sciatica, sciatic neuritis, or lumbosacral radiculitis, such as protruded lumbar intervertebral disk<ref>ARIEFF AJ, TIGAY EL, KURTZ JF, LARMON WA. [https://
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
9 KB (1,267 words) - 13:30, 4 February 2024
*[[Congenital Spine Deformities]]
*[[Lumbar Examination]]
11 KB (1,341 words) - 18:21, 7 December 2023
...ed on clinical practice guidelines for patients with acute low back pain]. Spine. 2003;28:1363-1372. (Level of evidence 1B)</ref>
* [[Lumbar Traction|traction]]
19 KB (2,586 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
[[File:Sagittal section of the lumbar spine Primal.png|thumb|258x258px]]
...icle/10.1186/1471-2474-14-206 Accuracy of physical examination for chronic lumbar radiculopathy]. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2013 Dec 1;14(1):206.</ref>
28 KB (4,188 words) - 11:24, 28 August 2023
...1;12(2):e053999.</ref>[[File:C-spine-picture.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Cervical spine]]
== Cervical Spine Structure ==
35 KB (4,842 words) - 10:49, 1 September 2023
...exercise program without limitations from pain or lack of stability in his spine. Pt inquired about the possible effects of his Crohn’s Disease in correla
...increased thoracic kyphosis, forward head, protracted shoulders, increased lumbar lordosis as well as anterior pelvic tilt.
17 KB (2,454 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...nal column to the pelvis. The sacrum articulates superiorly with the fifth lumbar vertebra and inferiorly with the coccyx. The lateral surface of the upper p
...fficiency Fractures: Recognition and Treatment in Patients with Concurrent Lumbar Vertebral Compression Fractures. Muacevic A, Adler JR, eds. ''Cureus''. 20
11 KB (1,507 words) - 22:14, 13 June 2020
...(e.g., C3, C4), and many, but not all, intermingle in a plexus (brachial, lumbar, or lumbosacral) to form different peripheral nerves as discussed above. Th
...rresponding dermatomal area), 12 [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] nerves, 5 [[lumbar]] nerves and 5 [[Sacrum|sacral]] nerves. Each of these spinal nerves roots.
10 KB (1,421 words) - 16:31, 23 June 2023
# [[Cervical Anatomy|Cervical spine]] - extension and side flexion show the greatest reduction in ROM.
...t factors on lumbar segmental range of motion using multivariate analysis. Spine 33:1793-1799, 2008</ref>.
10 KB (1,436 words) - 02:33, 14 August 2022
...etics, knee and hip flexion, [[gait]], posture, and [[balance]]. Increased lumbar lordosis due to an increased pelvic tilt can be associated with the risk of
High heels are also seen to increase lumbar lordosis. They raise the Center of Mass (CoM), decreasing postural stabilit
28 KB (4,432 words) - 13:04, 30 April 2023
...V.R. Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences (Second Edition). Brain and Spine Institute, Portland, OR, USA. 2014. </ref>.
...ifically after multiple complex surgeries or trauma to the spine. Multiple lumbar punctures, advanced stages of spinal stenosis and chronic degenerative disc
12 KB (1,738 words) - 13:15, 17 February 2023
...ulopathy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up. Spine. 2014; 39(18):1449-1457.</ref><ref name=":7">Zimney K, Louw A, Puentedura E
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
10 KB (1,437 words) - 16:11, 18 November 2023
...ref name="p2">Fukui S et al. Intradiscal Pulsed Radiofrequency for Chronic Lumbar Discogenic Low Back Pain: A One Year Prospective Outcome Study Using Discob
...ebral joints other than the intervertebral disc or other structures in the spine. A degenerated intervertebral disk can release nociceptive molecules and gr
26 KB (3,874 words) - 10:28, 13 April 2022
...a fairly rigid structure. This is why the ribcage remains elevated and the spine in flexion in many children with Cerebral Palsy. They have difficulty to ex
Erectors of the lumbar spine and rectus abdominus muscles are easy to recruit because they are superfici
19 KB (2,702 words) - 10:14, 2 November 2023
...es greatly, due to the different levels of severity of this condition. The spine and pelvis are commonly affected and among the long bones, the [[femur]] is
The [[Lumbar Spine Fracture|lumbar spine]], [[sacrum]], and skull are involved in most cases. Pain is a common featu
10 KB (1,436 words) - 06:04, 26 March 2023
...ues.<ref name=":0">Van der Walt A. Assessment and Management of the Equine Spine Presentation. Plus , 2021.</ref>
=== Neutral Spine ===
18 KB (2,911 words) - 11:31, 18 August 2022
* Always examine the spine (referred pain commonly goes undiagnosed)<ref name=":0" />
|Lumbar pain in tennis player
7 KB (908 words) - 14:39, 31 May 2020
...tps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1413355521000794 Your spine is so worn out’–the influence of clinical diagnosis on beliefs in patie
* '''[[An Introduction to Clearing the Lumbar Spine|Clear the spine]] for distal complaints'''
13 KB (2,006 words) - 15:00, 15 December 2022
...terior trigger points referring strong pain in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] and ends at the [[Ankle and Foot|ankle]], following a similar pain pathwa
6 KB (814 words) - 05:39, 30 January 2024
...fferences with adults along with the inherent elasticity of the paediatric spine.<ref>Parent S, Mac-Thiong JM, Roy-Beaudry M, Sosa JF, Labelle H. Spinal cor
# Only about 2% to 5% being spine injuries <ref>Cirak B, Ziegfeld S, Knight VM, Chang D, Avellino AM, Paidas
13 KB (1,818 words) - 17:48, 16 March 2022
...ac joint (commonly referred to as SIJ) is the joint connection between the spine and the pelvis.
...ntial for [[Lumbosacral Biomechanics|effective load transfer]] between the spine and the lower extremities.
18 KB (2,588 words) - 11:41, 22 January 2022
...-72. </ref> The five types of cancer that are most likely to spread to the spine are:<ref name=":2">Finucane L. Spinal Malignancy Course. Plus 2020. </ref>
It is not entirely understood how MBD spreads, but its propensity for the spine is considered to be due to haematogenous spread via the venous or arterial
14 KB (2,224 words) - 02:29, 1 May 2023
*Hamstring tightness & to stretch Thoraco lumbar fascia.<br>
...est. Cadaveric and clinical studies of the effects of medial hip rotation. Spine 1979;4(3):242–50.</ref> 1979; Butler, <ref>Butler DS. Clinical neurobiome
10 KB (1,486 words) - 00:27, 5 August 2019
!'''Spine'''
...the hips in prone lying is associated with a posterior tilt of the lumbar spine
16 KB (2,311 words) - 04:40, 22 November 2023
[[Category:Lumbar Spine - Outcome Measures]]
3 KB (483 words) - 16:40, 26 September 2023
...ed into [[PPIVMs of the Cervical Spine - Assessment|PPIVMs of the Cervical Spine - Assessment]] (PPIVMs) and Passive Accessory Intervertebral Movements (PAI
...if they do, whether their assessment is relevant. At least in the cervical spine, specifically targeted treatment produces superior results to general treat
20 KB (3,113 words) - 12:20, 19 March 2024
...lexibility. It is commonly used as a quick and simple way to assess lumbar spine mobility.
...bending require trunk flexion, which involves a complex movement combining lumbar and hip motion.<ref>Gordon R, Bloxham S. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
13 KB (1,906 words) - 11:27, 20 April 2023
{{#ev:youtube|dtdEluROrbI|300}}<ref>FW BSI. Fort Worth Brain and Spine Institute - What is Osteopenia?. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/wat
...(DEXA Scan)|DEXA]] (dual emission x-ray absorptiometry) scan of the lumbar spine and hip. See link<br>The WHO defines t-scores
5 KB (696 words) - 14:58, 16 December 2022
* Physiology of schoolchildren and adolescent spine
* Anatomy of paediatric spine
13 KB (1,867 words) - 20:46, 29 August 2019
...from any of the ligaments, muscles, fascia, joints or discs of the Lumbar Spine. Read more information on [[Low Back Pain|low back pain]].
...l mobilisation is described in terms of improving mobility in areas of the spine that are restricted <ref name="Korr (1977)">Korr, IM., (1977). The neurobio
38 KB (5,512 words) - 14:17, 17 April 2023
...A more functional definition is that FBSS results when the outcome of the lumbar spinal surgery does not meet the pre-surgical expectations of the patient a
...ack surgery syndrome and partial results after different types of surgical lumbar nerve root decompression]. Pain physician. 2011 Nov 1;14(6):545-57.</ref><r
18 KB (2,557 words) - 00:01, 9 June 2022
...it can also occur in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and [[Lumbar|lumbar spine]].<ref name=":0">Seidenwurm, D. J., & Expert Panel on Neurologic Imaging. (
...egion consists of 7 vertebrae, the thoracic region of 12 vertebrae and the lumbar region of 5 vertebrae.
22 KB (3,204 words) - 14:53, 20 November 2023
...7). Conservative treatment of acute and chronic Nonspecific low back pain. Spine, 22(18), 2128-2156. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199709150-00012</ref>.
...e majority of patients prefer to avoid the risks of surgery or suffer from spine-related musculoskeletal conditions contraindicated to surgical intervention
17 KB (2,387 words) - 23:55, 23 November 2022
It is formed from the ventral rami of the fourth lumbar to third sacral spinal nerves and is a continuation of the upper part of th
...jury.<ref>David J. Magee;Orthopaedic Physical Assessment; Chapter 9-Lumbar Spine;Fifth Edition: Pg 558-564.</ref>
13 KB (1,905 words) - 03:53, 30 January 2024
...the posterior [https://physio-pedia.com/Facet_Joints facet joints] of the spine. These joints together with the disc form the intervertebral joint. Changes
...ref name=":0">G Lilius, EM Laasonen, P Myllynen, A Harilainen, G Gronlund, Lumbar facet joint syndrome. A randomised clinical trial, J Bone Joint Surg Br Aug
25 KB (3,806 words) - 11:15, 12 June 2021
...nujjwal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/LumbarSpondylolysis_CCR_Jul2021.pdf Lumbar spondylolysis-Current concepts review]. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics an
[[File:Lumbar vertebra.png|thumb|300x300px|Anatomy of a lumbar vertebra ]]
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