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* '''Extensor digitorum longus:''' Superior 3/4 of medial border * '''Extensor hallucis longus:''' Middle of anterior surface

*''Motor fibres'': gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus. **''Motor fibres:'' abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and flexor hallucis brevis muscles''.''

* [[Flexor Digitorum Brevis|Flexor digitorum brevis]]: originates from the medial process of calcaneal tuberosity and pl * [[Extensor Digitorum Brevis|Extensor digitorum brevis]]: origin - dorsolateral surface

[[File:Flexor-digitorum-profundus.png|thumb|401x401px|Flexor Digitorum Profundus]] ...nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526046/ Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Hand Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle.] InStatPearls [Internet] 2019 Feb 10. StatPearls Publishi

|[[Flexor Digitorum Superficialis|Flexor digitorum superficialis]] |[[Flexor Digitorum Profundus|Flexor digitorum profundus]]

...unopposed action of the radial innervated extensor muscles (digiti minimi, digitorum communis ).<ref name="larner">A.J. Larner; A Dictionary of Neurological Sig ...andable why this abduction of the little finger is best seen when extensor digitorum communis comes into action and extends the fingers and the hand. In cases w

...zation of the thumb. Its [[Tendon Anatomy|tendon]] is present in the first extensor compartment of the wrist.<ref>Tewari J, Mishra PR, Tripathi SK. [https://li ...a pennate fashion. After its passage through the first compartment of the extensor retinaculum, the deep tendon separates into several branches and is ultimat

...plate. Dorsally, the joint capsule is strengthened by a broadening of the extensor tendons. This extensive ligamentous contribution to each joint capsule incr ...alis|Flexor digitorum superficialis]], [[Flexor Digitorum Profundus|flexor digitorum profundus]]

...hould be applied on the dorsoradial aspect of the fist to reduce involving extensor carpi ulnaris and thus obtaining a false-positive finding if there is patho

[[Flexor Digitorum Superficialis]] - originates medial surface, also from humeral medial epico [[Flexor Digitorum Profundus]]

*Intermuscular septum between it and the Extensor digitorum longus. ...nergistic action of [[Extensor Hallucis Longus|extensor hallicus longus]], extensor digitorium longus and peroneous tertius.

[[File:Extensor-carpi-ulnaris.png|thumb]] ...cbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539760/ Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Forearm Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle.] [Updated 2019 Mar 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Tr

## [[Flexor Digitorum Longus|Flexor Digitorum Longus]] (inversion) (plantar surface 2-5 toes) ## [[Extensor Hallucis Longus]] (inversion)

* Flexion: M. flexor digitorum longus, M. flexor digitorum brevis, Mm. interossei plantares 1-2 (III-IV), Mm. lumbricales pedis 1-3 (I * Flexion: M. extensor digitorum longus, M. extensor digitorum brevis

...erior surfaces of the radius. It descends between the deep and superficial extensor muscles and lies on the interosseous membrane and ends in a flattened expan *[[Extensor carpi radialis longus]]

...en there is a loss of extension at the distal phalanx or tightening of the extensor mechanism at the proximal phalanx,both intrinsic and extrinsic, at the PIP ...extended, or by weakening at the DIP from chronic inflammation as well as extensor tendon subluxation due to an inflammatory disease most commonly [[Rheumatoi

...r Digitorum Longus|extensor digitorum longus]], [[Extensor Hallucis Longus|extensor hallucis longus]]) External extensor moment created

''[[Flexor Digitorum Longus]]'' * tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus invert the foot during dorsiflexion

...or digitorum brevis (some authors name the most medial part of this muscle extensor hallucis brevis). Tendons are the main collagenous structures in the dorsum ...s of the [[Abductor Digiti Minimi (Hand)|abductor didgiti minimi]], flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis

...l of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2019 Oct;44(8):825-32.</ref> It is an extensor tendon injury over zone III. It is also referred to as a "buttonhole deform [[File:Extensor digitorum muscle.png|thumb|458x458px]]

...f name=":12">Geoghegan L, Wormald JC, Adami RZ, Rodrigues JN. Central slip extensor tendon injuries: a systematic review of treatments. Journal of Hand Surgery ...l interphalangeal joint (DIP) is hyperextended.<ref name=":12" /> It is an extensor tendon injury over zone III. It is also referred to as a "buttonhole deform

...s anterior]], [[Extensor Digitorum Longus]] and [[Extensor Hallucis Longus|extensor hallucis longus]]. These muscles act to dorsiflex the foot, and extend the ...neus tertius, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus and brevis, and extensor hallucis longus and brevis. During gait analysis, the physical therapist ma

...pronator teres (PT) nerve transfer to the [[Extensor carpi radialis longus|extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)]] nerve is preferred to achieve and restore wr ...f name=":1" /> The flexor carpi ulnaris may be transferred to the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) to improve digit extension. If this surgery is carried out,

...ow, or referred along the extensor/supinator muscle groups of the forearm. Extensor weakness and reduced grip strength may be present and could be linked to pa ...xtensor carpi radialis longus]] and [[Extensor Digitorum Communis|extensor digitorum communis]] insertion.

[[Image:Extensor retinaculum of hand Primal.png|thumb|right|300px|Courtesy of Primal Picture An extensor tendon injury is a cut or tear to one of the extensor tendons. Due to this injury, there is an inability to fully and forcefully

...ndus is on the dorsal side. As these tendons traverse the PIPJ, the flexor digitorum superficialis bifurcates into two slips, forming the Camper's chiasm, which ...fractures are linked to extensor tendon avulsion (Mallet finger) or flexor digitorum profundus tendon avulsion.

## Flexor digitorum longus ## Extensor hallucis longus

...l torque is controlled by tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis.<ref name=":4" /> ** Utilise extensor musculature - gluteal musculature - to oppose/control the progression or ex

...actures include cartilage, joint capsule, ligaments, [[fascia]], and the [[Extensor Hood Mechanism Hand|dorsal hood]] fibers. ...ance such as rubber bands or squeeze ball can help if there is scarring or extensor lag develops.

** 6 Dorsal Compartments – Transport extensor tendons See image at R |Extensor carpi radialis longus

|Difficult to palpate due to tendons of the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus covering the ligament. Dorsiflexion and eversion will assist with PT * tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus invert the foot during dorsiflexion

...he dorsal tubercle is between the extensor pollicis longus tendons and the extensor carpi radialis brevis. ...retinaculum'''<ref name=":5" />: a fibrous, thickened band that holds the extensor tendons at the dorsum of the wrist. It is an oblique band that runs downwar

|Flexor digitorum superficialis |Flexor digitorum profundus

#* Radial wrist extensors ([[extensor carpi radialis longus]] and/or [[Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis|brevis]]) #* [[Extensor Digitorum Communis|Extensor digitorum communis]] (finger extensor)

|Dorsoradial aspect of the second metacarpal, radial to the extensor carpi radialis longus tendon insertion |Bases of the proximal phalanges and the extensor apparatus

...atarsal and the calcaneal tubercule. It may be hard to palpate as extensor digitorum brevis covers it. The '''dorsal muscles''' of the foot include: extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis

...big toe is lifted up. This exercise targets the [[Extensor Hallucis Longus|extensor hallucis longus]]. ...the ground. This exercise targets the [[Extensor Digitorum Longus|extensor digitorum longus]].

...gitorum Communis|Extensor Digitorum]] and [[Extensor carpi radialis longus|Extensor Carpi Radialis]].<ref name=":4">Fontaine C et al., Kienböck's disease: la ...ht weeks, stretching was increased gradually. Regular massage to the wrist extensor and flexor muscles was also done to decrease tone, which can affect joint f

...ttps://www.physio-pedia.com/Flexor_Digitorum_Superficialis Musculus flexor digitorum superfiscialis] (median nerve innervation) **[[Flexor Digitorum Profundus|Flexor digitorum profundus]] (median nerve innervation)<ref name="p3">H.J. Seddon. Volkmann�

...ndons increase, the tendons begin to stretch and increases stress over the extensor tendons attached at the lateral epicondyle<ref name=":3" />. Excess stress ...lbow]. Journal of biomechanics. 1994 May 1;27(5):509-16.</ref>. High wrist extensor activity, along with high force and high speed at the elbow, can place incr

...unopposed action of the radial innervated extensor muscles (digiti minimi, digitorum communis ).<ref>A.J. Larner; A Dictionary of Neurological Signs; Springer S ...omes a subcutaneous structure by traveling between the brachioradialis and Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus tendons.<ref name="abrams">Abrams RA, Brown RA, Botte

[[Supinator]], flexor pollicis longus and the flexor digitorum superficialis attach to the upper third part of the shaft of the radius. [[Extensor Pollicis Brevis]] muscle, [[abductor pollicis longus]] muscle, and [[Pronat

...rts Medicine. 2000 Apr 1;19(2):351-68.</ref> or the origin of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle. Ankle and/or foot active and passive range of motion may be * Peroneal or extensor digitorum brevis [[tendinopathy]]

...ar aspect of the [[Wrist and Hand|hand]] through which passes the [[Flexor Digitorum Longus|deep and superficial flexor]] tendons. * FDP: flexor digitorum profundus (the deeper of the two)

...181(1):219-21.</ref> Wrist extension is preserved due to the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus innervated by the radial nerve.<ref>Wheeler R, DeCast ...to the [[brachioradialis]], [[extensor carpi radialis longus]] (ECRL) and extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) and medially to the [[Biceps Brachii|biceps]]

* Some studies report that extensor tendon injuries occur more frequently than flexor tendon injuries,<ref name * Majority of cases involve a single tendon, extensor tendon injuries involves Zone III of the index finger and flexor tendons in

...nly have voluntary function of the facial, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and neck extensor musculature, partial (C2) or full (C3) sternocleidomastoid function, and pa ...ality with greater ease with additional significant function of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus.

...ides ''motor fibres to'' gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus. Its sensory fibres'' occasionally suppl ...is anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum brevis'' (rarely innervated by the tibial nerve)''.'' The ''sensory fibres'

| Flexor Digitorum Longus Extensor Digitorum

...cis Longus|Extensor hallucis longus]] (EHL) and [[Extensor Hallucis Brevis|extensor hallucis brevis]] (EHB): * Manual muscle strength test for the intrinsic muscles and flexor digitorum longus (toe plantar flexion).