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== Medical Management (current best evidence) == == Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence) ==

.../colleges-and-departments/school-of-health-sciences/department-of-physical-therapy/index.html Winston-Salem State University] and is intended to describe drug # Students will search current literature and develop a physical therapy relevant synopsis of drug regimens used in common conditions encountered by

...pment of decision aids synthesising the current evidence to guide clinical management of this patient population. ...is currently funded by the University of British Columbia Dept of Physical Therapy, Physiotherapy Association of British Columbia and Arthritis Research Canad

...iginal Editor '''- [[User:Kim Jackson|Kim Jackson]] for '''The BC Physical Therapy Tendinopathy Task Force:''' ...expert clinicians to address the gap between evidence and practice in the management of Achilles Tendinopathy. The original toolkit was produced in April 2012,

...iginal Editor '''- [[User:Kim Jackson|Kim Jackson]] for '''The BC Physical Therapy Tendinopathy Task Force:''' ...expert clinicians to address the gap between evidence and practice in the management of Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy (LET). The original toolkit was produced

...bilitation therapists and students from around the world contribute to the evidence-based content of Physiopedia pages. Respected individuals from a variety of == Management Team ==

...e]] is to guarantee a high-quality of the provided services reflecting the current state of science. == Evidence-based Practice and ICF Working Frame ==

=== Framework for those teaching cervical assessment and management === ...T Cervical Framework. International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT). 2020</ref>

...n is required for Gilbert’s syndrome. Some medications, such as the cancer therapy drug Irinotecan, may cause diarrhea for individuals with Gilbert’s syndro ...rvation, consumption of alcohol, dehydration, increases in stress, intense physical exercise, infection or a lack of sleep<ref name="p3" /><ref name="p5" /><re

...p; o Produces distinctive checkerboard pattern <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; o No evidence of muscle damage&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;o No sa == Medical Management (current best evidence) ==

...o play an expanding and significant role in identifying and addressing the physical impairments and functional limitations of this population, thereby maximizi ...n S. Primary HIV infection: clinical presentation, testing, and treatment. Current infectious disease reports. 2017 Oct;19(10):1-0.</ref>:

...ic Coursework in the [http://www.health.txstate.edu/pt/ Doctor of Physical Therapy Program at Texas State University]. PT 7349, 7449, 7559 ...current best evidence on a given orthopaedic topic. The page should be an evidence-based review of your findings. This project will also consist of an oral gr

...aphs.<ref name="p1">Goodman CC, Fuller KS. Pathology: Implications for the Physical Therapist-3rd Edition. St. Louis: W.B. Saunders Co.; 2009.</ref><br> == Medical Management (current best evidence) ==

...Editor '''- [[User:Cindy John-Chu|Cindy John-Chu]] for '''The BC Physical Therapy Tendinopathy Task Force:''' ...ps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126803/ Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring.] Semin Cutan Med Surg. 201

...umDetail.aspx?ItemNumber=2055 IASP Curriculum Outline on Pain for Physical Therapy]. [[Psychological basis of pain]]: Describe and explain current theories of the psychological basis of pain e.g……..fear avoidance, pain

...ry<ref>Devilbiss Z, Hess M, Ho GW. Myositis Ossificans in Sport: A Review. Current sports medicine reports. 2018 Sep 1;17(9):290-5.</ref>. ...c myositis ossificans of the anterior thigh with extracorporeal shock wave therapy. The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association. 2011 Dec;55(4):240.<

== Medical Management (current best evidence) == ...rective because of the poor outcome associated with the diagnosis of RCDP. Management is also limited because of the severe handicaps present from birth througho

...is to develop physiotherapist’s knowledge and skills in the physiotherapy management of the patient withrespiratory disorders. ...h research. It also aims to develop the health professionals' knowledge of current prevention strategies in the area of cardiovascular disease.

...accessed 30.12.2022)</ref> See [[Lifestyle Medicine for Health and Disease Management]] ...physiotherapists' goal is to reduce pain and restore (or maintain) optimal physical functioning via these NPI. Take a look at some of the NPI's used:

[[File:EBP.png|thumb|Figure 1. Components of evidence-based practice.]] ...1;100(3):208-19.</ref> Applying an evidence-based practice approach to the management of [[tendinopathy]] is not as simple as applying one set of research findin

...or sacroiliac joint dysfunction: a systematic review.] Journal of physical therapy science. 2017;29(9):1689-94.</ref> ...n Evidence Based Practice.] Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy. 2019 Apr 1;13(2).</ref>

...nce/article/abs/pii/S0268089006000314 Douglas I, McDermott Meniscal tears. Current Orthopaedics. 2006;20:85–94.]</ref> ...2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Waldman,S.D. Painful conditions of the knee, in Pain Management Vol 1., 2007. Saunders. DOI <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-1-59662-

...n (see links below) as well as the implications they may have for physical therapy practice. ==Implications for Physical Therapy==

...MG. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3482800/ Evaluation and management of polymyositis.] Indian Journal of Dermatology. 2012 Sep 1;57(5):371.</ref Current literature is unclear about the age of presentation – some articles state

...].<ref name="Patho">Goodman CC, Fuller KS. Pathology: Implications for the Physical Therapist. 3rd edition. St. Louis, Missouri: Saunders Elsevier, 2009.</ref> == Management ==

...T Cervical Framework. International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT). 2020</ref> ...d forces to therapist activated forces. OMT is integrated into the overall management strategy of patient care. Reports of patient harm from OMT in the cervical

== Medical Management (current best evidence) == == Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence) ==

.../ref><ref name="p2">Goodman CG, Fuller KS. Pathology: Implications for the Physical Thearpist, 4th Edition. St. Louis, Missouri: Saunders Elsevier; 2014.</ref> ...f after long term use of NSAIDS, some studies have shown without surigical management there is a probablity of evoltion into a osteoblastoma.<ref name="p9" />

...ility and independence impacted by these secondary issues is the aim of CP management.<ref name=":2">Paul S, Nahar A, Bhagawati M, Kunwar AJ. [https://www.hindaw * Physical therapists

..., Lountzis N, Ferringer T. Zoonoses of dermatologic interest. Dermatologic Therapy. 2009;22:367-378. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1529-8019.20 Antibiotic therapy is used to treat Tularemia. Streptomyocin and Gentamicin are usually the fi

=== What is Cognitive Stimulation Therapy? === ...tic treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD): management of extrapyramidal side effects.] Frontiers in pharmacology. 2019 Sep 17;10:

...tem for patients with neck pain.] Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2004 Nov;34(11):686-700.</ref>. Diagnostic algorithms and classification ...Patients Receiving Physical Therapy Interventions for Neck Pain.] Physical Therapy, 87(5), 513-524.</ref>.

...ssed 23.9.2021)</ref>. The tES is becoming a topic for non-pharmacological management of various cognitive related conditions and this concept is still under re ...ith Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial.] American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation. 2018 Jan 1;97(1):7-15.</ref>

...Hillin]], [[User:Rick Wetherald|Rick Wetherald]]&nbsp;as part of the Texas Evidence Based Practice Project. ...verlying the rotator cuff insertion.Treatment consists of NSAIDs, physical therapy, corticosteroid injections and ultrasound-guided needle lavage. Those who f

...s://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894304/ The effects of stress on physical activity and exercise.] Sports medicine. 2014 Jan 1;44(1):81-121.</ref> ...of_Exercise_in_Stress.6.aspx Stress relief: The role of exercise in stress management.] ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal. 2013 May 1;17(3):14-9.</ref>. Stress als

...ef name="Pathology">Goodman CC, Fuller KS. Pathology: implications for the physical therapist. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier, 2009.</ref>, is a medium-s ...For children with large coronary artery abnormalities other anticoagulant therapy will be needed, such as warfarin or dipyridamole<ref name="Pathology" /><re

...hose referred to as Gen Z, about the benefits and applications of physical therapy in everyday life. The journal writes about various topics related to physio ...oving their didactic learning and improving their understanding of various current trends in physiotherapy issues

...ematic review of the literature.] International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 2013 Aug;8(4):427.</ref> Reproduction of pain, and weakness during these s == Evidence ==

...Baer G, Campbell P, Choo PL, Forster A, Morris J, Pomeroy VM, Langhorne P. Physical rehabilitation approaches for the recovery of function and mobility followi ...hensive review of all the available evidence to date for multidisciplinary management of individuals post-stroke <ref name="Stokes" />.&nbsp;

...Most whiplash associated disorders are minor soft tissue injuries lacking evidence for fractures.<ref>Bragg KJ, Varacallo M. Cervical Sprain. Available from: ...t Kinematics and Neck Morphology. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy.2016;46:834-844</ref> With forward acceleration of the thorax, the inertia

...om [[Temple University Evidence-Based Practice Project|Temple University's Evidence Based Practice Project]] ...ction [[ICF in Relation to Wheelchair Users|ICF]] Guidelines with the four current classification categories including:

...rome, Journal of The American Physical Therapy Association 1994. (level of evidence 1A)</ref>. However the usual presentation is back pain (over 90% of patient ...t of Spondylodiscitis. Deutsches ärzteblatt International, 2008. (Level of evidence 2A)</ref><ref name="p2" />

...ditors - '''Laurien Henau&nbsp;as part of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project. ...one bruise is not able to be diagnosed using [[X-Rays|x-ray]] imaging. The current "gold standard" diagnostic imaging method for bone bruises is the [[MRI Sca

...894-020-00768-0 Proctalgia syndromes: update in diagnosis and management.] Current Gastroenterology Reports. 2020 Jul;22:1-7.</ref>. The pain is localized to ...IV criteria for colorectal disorders: implications for clinical practice]. Current gastroenterology reports. 2017 Apr;19(4):1-8.</ref>.

...eatment of chronic low back pain: possibility of benefit but no convincing evidence after 47 years of research—systematic review and meta-analysis.] Pain. 20 # Advice on [[Physical Activity|physical activity]]

...392&sig=B_gMHzm3SHgzLszekKwdQM3iRZA Pathology E-Book: Implications for the Physical Therapist]. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2020 Oct 9.</ref> The deposition of c ...ody, as well preventing the accumulation of it in target organs. Chelation therapy drugs, such as Penicillamine and Trientine are used to remove excess copper

...explain each method with a summary of each treatment and link to some more evidence for you to read. == Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) ==

* [[Parkinson's - Physiotherapy Management and Interventions|Parkinson disease]] === Physical examination ===

...juries are an uncommon clinical entity poorly described in the literature. Management of triceps [[Tendinopathy|tendinopathies]] depends on the mechanism of inju ...n, [[Pain Medications|nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]], and physical therapy.

...keletal 1 Project|Arkansas Colleges of Health Education School of Physical Therapy Musculoskeletal 1 Project]]. This space was created by and for the students ...ss in physiotherapy for the management of long-term chronic pain. Physical therapy reviews. 2008 Feb 1;13(1):45-56.</ref>

===Medical Management=== *Diabetic [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Wound_Healing Wound Care Management].

...M. Management of work-related low back pain: a population-based survey of physical therapists. Phys Ther 2005;85(11):1168-1180.</ref> ...ational related LBP is sitting. &nbsp;Other risk factors may include heavy physical work, heavy or frequent lifting, combined postures with rotation and flexio

...as part of the [[Arkansas Colleges of Health Education School of Physical Therapy Musculoskeletal 1 Project]] ...will facilitate skill development that support the focus of the course and evidence-based practice. The skills for the project include literature searching and

...rnational journal of sports physical therapy]. 2013 Dec;8(6):883.(level of evidence 4)</ref>&nbsp;Each patient will have their own specific clinical presentati ...it in the iliac crest masquerading as meralgia paresthetica."] Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 78.9 (1997): 1010-1011</ref>&nbsp;Radiculopathy

...e Leptospirosis, especially when there is a quick initiation of supportive therapy and antibiotics.<ref name="p7"/> == Medical Management (current best evidence) ==

...ults<ref name="Atalar">Atalar H, Basarir K, Yildiz Y, Erekul S, Saglik Y. Management of chondroblastoma: retrospective review of 28 patients. J Orthop Sci. 2007 ...ry drugs (Ibuprofen) and acetaminophen (Tylenol) are commonly used for the management of pain as needed.

...nonbacterial prostatitis is a condition with long-term pelvic pain without evidence of a bacterial infection.<ref name=":1">Shrikhande AA. CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN ...00 Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a disease or symptom? Current perspectives on diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.] American Journal of M

...locations of structural manifestations in the vertebral column. The recent evidence of DISH reports prevalence of the disease is increased in with increasing a Current research does not outline a specific and definitive schedule of medications

...FS, Le merrer M, Glaser DL, et al. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2008;22(1):191-205.</ref> ...RJ, Shore EM, Kaplan FS. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: diagnosis, management, and therapeutic horizons. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2013;10 Suppl 2:437-48.<

...o control, and is often accompanied by many non-specific psychological and physical symptoms<ref>Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) .... <ref name=":3">Katzman MA. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19173371 Current Considerations in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder.] CNS Drugs

...ts, who do not undergo cervical imaging and do not present with an obvious physical deformity, are likely to graduate into adulthood unaware of their condition ...al orthopaedics and related research. 2004; Nr. 424, pp. 183–190. Level of evidence: 2C</ref>.&nbsp;

Formal, supervised programmes of physical therapy have been shown to be one of the most beneficial interventions that we have Screen for those at greatest risk of loss of function, self-efficacy, physical and psychological status and pain;

...d Chronic|inflammation]] associated with injury. However, there is growing evidence that some athletes might be taking these substances in an attempt to [[Effe ...peripheral body systems, but investigation on their ergogenic (ie enhances physical performance) effect on muscle strength development have provided equivocal

...ef>Kary JM. Diagnosis and management of quadriceps strains and contusions. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine. 2010 Oct;3(1):26-31. Available: https: ...uscle contusions and myositis ossificans].2002 Feb;30(2):41-50.'''Level of evidence 5'''</ref>

...lements. 2019 Apr 26:1-4.</ref>. This structural disruption has sufficient evidence by histologic studies, electron microscopic examinations and serum enzyme l ...Stoneman P, Rubley M. Muscle Injury Management with Cryotherapy. Athletic Therapy Today. 2000;5(4):26-30.</ref>.

This page will look at popular methods of electrotherapy and the evidence to support it in the use of knee conditons specifically.&nbsp; == Pulsed Shortwave Therapy&nbsp; ==

...ndary dx of possible TBI from explosion. Pt was recommended to out-patient therapy to increase independence with ADL, IADL, mobility, regulate emotions, reduc ...cleans the entire house and does the laundry once a week. Frustrated with current ADL performance, anxious for LE prosthesis and not sleeping well. Emotional

...iteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]] == Medical Management ==

...ia.com/United_States_Physical_Therapy_Practice_Acts United States Physical Therapy Practice Acts]''' == Temporary License Requirements/Availability <ref name="AZ">Arizona Physical Therapist State Practice Act. Last Updated 7/20/11.

...ychosom Med. 2019;81(5):398-407.</ref> People with IAD overreact to normal physical sensations (such as digestion or sweating) and misunderstand these sensatio ...nd anxiety about an underlying dangerous medical illness, despite a normal physical examination, laboratory testing, and repeated reassurance

...lm.nih.gov/18621484/ Is mirror therapy all it is cracked up to be? Current evidence and future directions]. PAIN. 2008;138(1):7–10. </ref> Mirror therapy was first proposed as a potential therapeutic intervention by Vilayanur S.

...d pain after painful stimulation of the greater occipital nerve in humans: evidence of convergence of cervical afferences on trigeminal nuclei. Cephalalgia. 20 ...s. ''Current Science Inc'' 7, 371–376 (2003).</ref>. Studies provide clear evidence of anatomic and functional coupling between nociceptive dural afferents and

...t_and_Emerging_Roles_in_Physiotherapy_Practice|Queen Margaret University's Current and Emerging Roles in Physiotherapy Practice Project]] ...in the UK. Figure 1 demonstrates health risks associated with obesity. The current problem includes the implications that obese patients have on secondary car

...006.14.4.70E Trigger point dry needling.] Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy. 2006 Oct 1;14(4):70E-87E.</ref> Trigger point dry needling can be performe ...le/10.1007/s11916-009-0059-0 Current studies on myofascial pain syndrome]. Current pain and headache reports. 2009 Oct;13:365-9.</ref>.

...Heckman BD, Holroyd KA. Tension-type headache and psychiatric comorbidity. Current Pain and Headache Reports. 2006;10(6):439-447. doi:10.1007/s11916-006-0075- ...s experiencing frequent headaches, then a medical professional may perform physical and neurological exams to try to determine what is causing them.<ref>Mayo C

...disease<ref name=":0">Goodman C, Fuller K. Pathology: Implications for the Physical Therapist. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2009.</ref>. Differentiati ...i.nlm.nih.gov/19238553/ The multidisciplinary management of osteosarcoma.] Current treatment options in oncology. 2009 Apr 1;10(1-2):82-93.</ref>. Systemic sy

...n: systematic review with meta-analysis.] Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy. 2022 Jul 4;30(4):207-27.</ref> Several classification / stratification sys # [[McKenzie Method|Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy]] (MDT) (also known as the McKenzie Method)

== Medical Management == ...imary vaginal cancer is confirmed by directed biopsy to ensure there is no evidence of a tumor on the cervix or the vulva.

...Pathophysiology_of_Complex_Patient_Problems Bellarmine University Physical Therapy Program's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems Project.] ...sup><ref name="Goodman">Goodman CC, Snyder TEK. Differential Diagnosis for physical therapists. 5th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders, 2013.</ref> </sup>&nb

== Medical Management (current best evidence) == ...currently no medication or vaccine to help treat chikungunya, the current best treatment is prevention.<ref name="p3" /> For an individual to be protected

...CB, Muh SJ. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6209346/ Optimal management of glenohumeral osteoarthritis.] Orthopedic research and reviews. 2018;10:9 ...th details of the pathological process and goes on to nicely summarise the management and future directions.

...ffrey De Vos|Geoffrey De Vos]] as part of the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project]] Overall treatment and management includes symptomatic treatment with ice and NSAIDs, activity modification a

...and consistency in healthcare and is considered one of the main ways that evidence-based medicine can be implemented. Clinical Practice Guidelines was defined ...Grimshaw JM, Shekelle P. Developing clinical practice guidelines: types of evidence and outcomes; values and economics, synthesis, grading, and presentation an

...372. </ref> compared the treatment based classification (TBC) approach and current clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for treatment of patients with low back ...Approach to Physical Therapy.] Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 37 (6), 290-302</ref>

...ps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4958381/ Cervical radiculopathy. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine]. 2016 Sep;9(3):272-80.</ref><ref>Schoe ...TK, Romner B, Wilsgaard T, Nygaard Ø, Brox JI, Ingebrigtsen T. Accuracy of physical examination for chronic lumbar radiculopathy. BMC musculoskeletal disorders

* In current practice, they are reserved as a backup drug when first-line agents are ine * The evidence for its use is poor and it is rarely used in western medicine.<ref>WIkipedi

...nature.<ref name="p2">Glynn PE, Weisback PC. Prediction Rules: A Physical Therapy Reference Manual. London: Jones and Bartlett Publishers International, 2011 ...ciples of evidence-based practice]], and to incorporate the best available evidence (including CPRs) combined with clinical expertise and patient preference to

...Low_back_pain_Summary.pdf Low back pain and radicular pain: assessment and management]. KCE report 287Cs. Brussels: Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE), 2 *Provide people with advice and information to promote self-management of their [[Low Back Pain|low back pain.]]

...ommons.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1846&context=open_access_pubs Management of elbow osteoarthritis.] JBJS. 2006 Feb 1;88(2):421-30.</ref><ref>Doherty ...s://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18252838/ Primary osteoarthritis of the elbow: current treatment options.] JAAOS-Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Su

...or poor muscle tone (hypotonia). Treatment generally consists of physical therapy and drugs to prevent seizures. In cases that are complicated by hydrocephal Anticonvulsant drug therapy is used for the treatment of seizures that are often a sign/symptom of pati

...ed, whist others still believe the drug should be an illegal substance<ref>best in Au [https://bestinau.com.au/marijuana-laws-from-around-the-world-where-i ...acy/position-statements/view-all-position-statements/clinical-and-practice-management/medical-cannabis (accessed 5.4.2021)</ref>

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a combination of physical, psychological/emotional, or behavioral symptoms that start one or two week ...nstruation cycle which in turn affects central neurotransmitters. There is evidence suggesting that a low level of circulating serotonin and enhanced progester

Mallet finger injuries are best managed by a [[Physical Activity and the Multidisciplinary Team|multidisciplinary team]] because th ...rs.<ref>Brotzman S.B., Manske R.C. Clinical Orthopaedic Rehabilitation: An Evidence-Based Approach, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2011</ref><br>

...aginous disc that cushions the articulation. Diagnosis depends on history, physical examination, imaging, and diagnostic local anesthetic injection<ref>Mall NA ...thritis]], with a study finding that 54–57% of elderly patients had X-ray evidence of degenerative changes of the AC joint (however clinically relevant AC ost

...hcare research has not yet been established.<ref name=":0">Skamagki G. The evidence base for occupational health interventions. Plus. 2020.</ref> Traditionally ...name=":1">Lalloo D, Demou E, Smedley J, Madan I, Asanati K, Macdonald EB. Current research priorities for UK occupational physicians and occupational health

== Physical Therapy Management == ...J Rehabil Med. 2008 Jun;40(6):451-5. doi: 10.2340/16501977-0195. (Level of evidence: 1)</ref>

...collaborative group authoring and offers a place for Physiotherapists and Physical Therapists throughout the world to contribute, share, and gain knowledge as ...[https://www.bellarmine.edu/health-professions/graduate/doctor-of-physical-therapy/ Bellarmine University], USA<br><br>

...the_female_athlete.5.aspx Pelvic floor dysfunction in the female athlete.] Current sports medicine reports. 2019 Feb 1;18(2):49-52.</ref> ...t of penile cancer: a contemporary review of the literature]. Oncology and therapy. 2021 Jun;9:21-39.</ref>.

...cells in pleural fluid (from the cavity which surrounds the lungs) is also evidence of stage IV disease<ref name="Med Info" />. * Use of fertility drugs: There is mixed evidence with some studies finding associations between fertility drug use and canc

...iteit Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]] ...rce: a systematic review. Clinical Biomechanics 2011; 26: 23 -28. Level of evidence: 1B</ref>.