Ankle Joint: Difference between revisions
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=== Joint Capsule === | === Joint Capsule === | ||
The articular capsule surrounds the joints, and is attached, above, to the borders of the articular surfaces of the tibia and malleoli; and below, to the talus around its upper articular surface. The joint capsule anteriorly is a broad, thin, fibrous layer, posteriorly the fibres are thin and run mainly transversly blending with the transverse ligamanet and laterally the capsule it is thickened, and attaches to the hollow on the medial surface of the lateral malleolus. The synovial membrane lining the fibrous layer extends superiorly between teh tibia and fibula as far as the interosseous tibiofibular ligamanet. <ref name="Exxential Clinical Anatomy">Moore KL, Agur AMR,&amp; Dalley AF Essential Clinial Anatomy. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2011.</ref> | |||
The joint capsule anteriorly is a broad, thin, fibrous layer, posteriorly the fibres are thin and run mainly transversly blending with the transverse ligamanet and laterally the capsule it is thickened, and attaches to the hollow on the medial surface of the lateral malleolus. | |||
The synovial membrane lining the fibrous layer extends superiorly between teh tibia and fibula as far as the interosseous tibiofibular ligamanet. | |||
=== <span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Ligaments</span> === | === <span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Ligaments</span> === |
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Description[edit | edit source]
Anatomy[edit | edit source]
Articulating Surfaces[edit | edit source]
Trochlea of Talus
Malleolar Mortis formed by Tibia & Fibula
Lateral & Medial Malleolus
Joint Capsule[edit | edit source]
The articular capsule surrounds the joints, and is attached, above, to the borders of the articular surfaces of the tibia and malleoli; and below, to the talus around its upper articular surface. The joint capsule anteriorly is a broad, thin, fibrous layer, posteriorly the fibres are thin and run mainly transversly blending with the transverse ligamanet and laterally the capsule it is thickened, and attaches to the hollow on the medial surface of the lateral malleolus. The synovial membrane lining the fibrous layer extends superiorly between teh tibia and fibula as far as the interosseous tibiofibular ligamanet. [1]
Ligaments[edit | edit source]
Lateral Ligaments of Ankle[edit | edit source]
Reinforce Joint Laterally through three ligaments. These ligaments stabilize the ankle, and serve as a guide to direct ankle motion by attaching the lateral malleolus to the bones below the ankle joint. .They are responsible for resistance against inversion and internal rotation stress.
Ligament | Description | Proximal Attachment | Distal Attachment | Role |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL) |
Flat Weak Band that extends Anteriomedially. Most commonly damaged ligament of the ankle. |
Lateral Malleolus | Neck of Talus |
Restrain anterior displacement of the talus in respect to the fibula and tibia. Resists Inversion in planterflexion. |
Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTFL) |
Thick, fairly strong band that runs horizontally medially. This ligament is under greater strain in full dorsiflexion of the ankle. Rarely injured except in severe ankle sprains because bony stability protects the ligaments when the ankle is in dorsiflexion. |
Malleolar Fossa of Fibula | Lateral Tubercle of Talus |
Forms the back wall of the recipient socket for the talus' trochlea. Resists posterior displacement of the talus. |
Calcaneofibular Ligament (CFL) |
Round cord that passes posterioinferiorly | Tip of Lateral Malleolus | Lateral Surface of Calcaneus |
Aids Talofibular stability during Dorsiflexion. Restrain inversion of the calcaneus with respect to the fibula. Prevent Talar tilt into Inversion. |
Medial Ligaments of Ankle[edit | edit source]
Known collectively as the Deltoid Ligament the medial ligaments of the ankle attaches proximally to the Medial Malleolus and fan out to attach distally to the Talus, Calcaneus and Navicular via four adjacent and continuous parts. The deltoid ligament is triangular in shape and consists of a superficial and deep layer which connect the talus to the medial malleolus. It reinforces the joint capsule medially. Stabilise’s the ankle joint during eversion of the foot and prevents subluxation of the ankle joint.
Ligaments | Description | Proximal Attachment | Distal Attachment | Role |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anterior Tibiotalar Ligament | Medial Malleolus | Head of Talus |
Reinforces Ankle Joint. Contorl Plantarflexion & Eversion | |
Posterior Tibiotalar Ligament | Medial Malleolus | Talus Posteriorly | Control Dorsiflexion | |
Tibionavicular Ligament | Forms most anterior part of the Deltoid Ligament | Medial Malleolus | Dorsomedial aspect of Navicular | Reinforces Ankle Joint |
Tibiocalcaneal Ligament | Very thin ligament | Medial Malleolus | Sustentaculum Tali | Reinforces Ankle Joint |
Joint Capsule[edit | edit source]
the joint capsule is thin anteriorly & posteriorly but is supported bilaterally by strong collateral ligaments
Muscles[edit | edit source]
Function[edit | edit source]
Motions Available[edit | edit source]
Talocrural Joint is a uniaxial hinge joint which has just 1° of Motion
Dorsiflexion 0° - 20°
Plantarflexion 0° - 50°
Closed Packed Position[edit | edit source]
Maximum Dorsiflexion
Open Packed Position[edit | edit source]
10 ° Plantarflexion
Function[edit | edit source]
Clinical Examination[edit | edit source]
Pathology/Injury
[edit | edit source]
Physiotherapeutic Techniques[edit | edit source]
Procedures[edit | edit source]
Resources[edit | edit source]
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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Lower Limb Landing Biomechanics in Subjects with Chronic Ankle Instability.
Effect of Tape on Dynamic Postural Stability in Subjects with Chronic Ankle Instability.
Immediate weight-bearing after ankle fracture fixation.
Assessment of standing balance in patients after ankle fractures.
References[edit | edit source]
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- ↑ Moore KL, Agur AMR,& Dalley AF Essential Clinial Anatomy. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011.