#REDIRECT [[Thoracic Spine Fracture]]
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...cal Anatomy|cervical]] spine, thoracic spine and [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] spine to the sacrum. It connects the front (anterior) of the vertebral body to th
[[Category:Cervical Spine]]
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...muscles, which spinalis belong to, are the most powerful extensors of the spine.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
...tebral]] spine and inserted into the bones of the upper thoracic vertebral spine.
3 KB (371 words) - 06:32, 4 February 2022
...]] or [[shoulder]] pain.<ref>Ghan GM, Babu VS. Immediate effect of cervico-thoracic mobilization on deep neck flexors strength in individuals with forward head
* Manipulation of the spine (MTS)can also be defined as a form of manual therapy that is used in an eff
4 KB (580 words) - 00:00, 14 February 2023
To assess for possible [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome]].<br>
...ully turn her head away from the side being tested and extend the cervical spine.
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Iliocostalis Thoracic (also know as iliocostalis dorsi) is the thoracic segment of the iliocostalis muscle.<ref name=":1">Roldan CJ, Huh BK. [https
...um's insertion.<ref name=":0">Cramer GD, Darby SA. Clinical anatomy of the spine, spinal cord, and ANS-e-book.</ref>
2 KB (296 words) - 02:37, 6 February 2022
...ed 30 November 2021]. Available from: https://www.wheelessonline.com/bones/spine/spinalis-cervicis/</ref>
'''Nerve Supply:''' Posterior rami of cervical and [[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|thoracic spinal nerves]] (C4 to T1). <ref name="wh" />
2 KB (309 words) - 06:55, 4 February 2022
Spinous processes of [[Thoracic Vertebrae|T2-T8]].<ref name=":1" />
Lateral branch of the posterior rami of [[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|spinal nerves]]<ref name=":1" />
2 KB (222 words) - 07:00, 4 February 2022
The tips of transverse process of all thoracic vertebrae and the lower 9 or 10 ribs between the tubercles and angles <ref
Dorsal rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (T7 to L5) <ref name="p3">http://www.anatomyexpert
2 KB (272 words) - 07:05, 5 February 2022
When testing the thoracic and lumbar spine strength a few differences are noted:
...or spine extension are different for the [[lumbar]] and [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] spines. Beginning at Grade 3, the tests for both spinal levels are combin
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It is thicker and broader in the lumbar than in the thoracic region, it merges to thoracolumbar fascia.<ref name=":0" />
...Cervical Spine]] [[Category:Cervical Spine - Anatomy]] [[Category:Cervical Spine - Ligaments]]
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...with the tendons and muscles, provides a natural brace to help protect the spine from injury.
== Thoracic Ligaments ==
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Test for presence of [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|thoracic outlet syndrome]].<br>
...http://www.nismat.org/patients/injury-evaluation-treatment/head-neck-back/thoracic-outlet-syndrome-more-than-just-a-pain-in-the-neck</ref>
3 KB (399 words) - 22:33, 16 February 2022
...ine rotation and lateral flexion combined motion in the examination of the thoracic outlet. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1990; 71: 343-344.</ref><ref>Lindgren KA, Lei
* The cervical spine is passively and maximally rotated away from the side being tested.
3 KB (403 words) - 17:25, 16 September 2023
...s in the axial skeleton. The first two laws solely apply to the lumbar and thoracic spinal regions, but the third applies to the entire vertebral column <
*When the spine is in neutral, sidebending to one side will be accompanied by horizontal ro
4 KB (562 words) - 20:13, 8 September 2019
...w.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1356689X09001416#aep-abstract-id9 Thoracic outlet syndrome part 1: clinical manifestations, differentiation and treatm
The pulse disappearance indicates a positive test result for thoracic outlet syndrome
2 KB (329 words) - 23:52, 31 January 2021
...d intrinsic [[Back Muscles|back muscles]] of the thoracolumbar region. The thoracic nerves also supply some of the areas of skin over the abdomen and axilla.
...ilable:https://www.marylandbackandneckpaindoctors.com/symptoms-of-thoracic-spine-nerve-damage/ (accessed 7,2,2022)</ref>.
6 KB (958 words) - 18:59, 8 March 2024
...ion, when both splenius cervicis muscles contract they extend the cervical spine. <ref name=":0">Palastanga, N., & Soames, R. (2012). Anatomy and human move
...tid artery. Dorsal branches of the posterior intercostal arteries from the thoracic aorta. <ref name=":1">Kenhub. 2021. ''Splenius cervicis muscle''. [online]
2 KB (257 words) - 12:45, 26 November 2021
...icial of the transversospinalis muscle group. Its attachment sites are the thoracic vertebrae (semispinalis thoracis), cervical vertebrae ([[Semispinalis Cervi
...pans the whole length of the vertebral column, it is most developed in the thoracic region. It consists of 2 part long and short rotatores.
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...nostic tool used in the identification of [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)]]. It is also known as the “elevated arm stress tes
Please refer to the [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)]] page.
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These joints run from the first thoracic vertebra (T1) to the tenth thoracic vertebra (T10) and are surrounded by a weak articular capsule. This thin ca
...ons: a comprehensive review with application to approaches to the thoracic spine]. Cureus. 2016 Nov 11;8(11).</ref>
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Thoracic back pain is more likely to be caused by serious underlying pathology than
* Thoracic spine pain often has a musculoskeletal origin related to poor posture or overuse
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...es</ref> Often penetrated by the dorsal scapular<ref name=":0" /> and long thoracic nerves<ref name=":1">Bordoni B, Varacallo M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
...s in the ipsilateral upper limb<ref name=":1" />. Please see the page on [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|TOS]] for more information regarding this syndrome.
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...vertebrae. There are two psoas minors, if present, one on each side of the spine.
[[Category:Thoracic Spine]]
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* Longissimus thoracis (thoracic part): L1-L5 spinous and transverse processes, sacral posterior surface an
* Longissimus thoracis (thoracic part): T1-T12 transverse processes and the angles of ribs 7-12
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...ces the spine at end of [[Range of Motion|range of motion]] and leaves the spine prone to acute and chronic injuries.
...1 Lower Back Injury Prevention and Sensitization of Hip Hinge with Neutral Spine Using Wearable Sensors during Lifting Exercises.] Sensors. 2021 Aug 14;21(1
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In the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] and thoracic regions it has a uniform width over the bodies and discs, but in the [[Lumb
...his is significant in understanding certain pathological conditions of the spine such as the typical location for a spinal disc herniation.
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=== Head & Cervical Spine ===
*[[Surgical & Post‐op Management of Cervical Spine Stenosis|Surgical & Post-op Management of Cervical Spinal Stenosis]]
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...nts with elbow pain may benefit from treatment directed at the cervical or thoracic spines, and/or wrist.
*Prior to performing interventions directed at the spine, appropriate examination and safety screens should be performed.
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...ge P. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19563667?dopt=Abstract Thoracic spine pain in the general population: prevalence, incidence and associated factor
...broad because of many factors eg the different definitions and duration of thoracic back pain included.
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Thoracic Manipulation for Shoulder Dysfunction}}
...queira-Junior AL, Ribeiro IL, Camargo PR. Scapular kinematics pre–and post–thoracic thrust manipulation in individuals with and without shoulder impingement sy
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...ch provide cushioning between the vertebrae and absorb pressure put on the spine. It is a nearly universal condition in those who reach advanced age, but it
=== Types of Spondylosis in spine ===
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...olumn inferior to the 6th cervical (C6) vertebra and superior to the first thoracic (T1) <ref name=":0" />.
...al and thoracic regions, the C7 has some features of both the cervical and thoracic vertebrae.
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...nature<ref>Nikolai Bogduk. Clinical and Radiological Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine 5th Edition.Churchill Livingstone: Elsevier. Feb 2012.</ref><ref name=":0"
...egion, the ligaments are thin, but broad and long; they are thicker in the thoracic region, and thickest in the lumbar region.
7 KB (1,004 words) - 12:25, 24 July 2023
...ing test is an orthopaedic test used to diagnose facet joint injury in the spine especially in the lumbar and cervical region.<br>
...y with the thumbs over the spinous or transverse processes of the thoracic spine on both sides. The clinician looks for pain or hypomobility /hypermobility
2 KB (302 words) - 19:47, 30 March 2021
The ribs are the bony framework of the thoracic cavity.
...he main structure of the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] cage protecting the thoracic organs, however their main function is to aid [[Breathing Pattern Disorders
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...muscle group is a very deep layer of muscles located on either side of the spine.
# Semispinalis cervicis muscle - fascicles cover the cervical and thoracic [[Lumbar Multifidus|multifidus]] muscles
4 KB (496 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...eir corresponding [[Thoracic Vertebrae|thoracic vertebrae]], enclosing the thoracic cage from the posterior side.[[File:Gray312.png|Costovertebral articulation
...with the load-bearing, protection, posture and scaffolding roles that the thoracic cage provides with their stabilization properties .
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Not attached to the thoracic spine, but an important group of muscles in this region is the Intercostal Group
...mentum nuchae of the neck, to the spinous processes of C7 and the thoracic spine down to T12. It connects the shoulder blade with the vertebral column and a
9 KB (1,326 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...o a compressed nerve root in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic area]] of the spine. This is the least common location for radiculopathy. The symptoms often fo
* The pinched nerve can occur at different areas along the thoracic spine
10 KB (1,299 words) - 12:41, 25 April 2020
...bending range involves pelvic, [[hip]], [[Thoracic Spine Fracture|thoracic spine]], dural and shoulder mobility</u>. However pure lumbar flexion active ROM
...lexion and true lumbar flexion measured by a dual inclinometer technique]. Spine. 1994 Dec;19(23):2698-701. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub
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...Thoracis|spinalis thoracis]] lying inferiorly in the cervical and thoracic spine. It is not a truly separate muscle, when it exists it consists of occasiona
Bilaterally extends the cervical spine and head.
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...lateral facet joints transfer loads and guide and constrain motions in the spine due to their geometry and mechanical function<ref>Nicolas V. Jaumard, Willi
...superior facet of the inferior vertebra is rather flat in the cervical and thoracic regions and more convex in the lumbar region. The opposing inferior facet o
9 KB (1,284 words) - 12:22, 29 January 2020
...n the superior [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine and the inferior lumbar spine. It consists of 12 vertebrae that are distinct in shape and function from v
The bodies of the thoracic vertebrae are medium sized and heart shaped. They are all weight-bearing an
13 KB (1,793 words) - 12:44, 27 May 2023
...ight showing [[Low Back Pain Related to Hyperlordosis|hyperlordosis lumber spine]]. This postural change is associated with increased activity of the rectus
.... thoracic kyphosis extended to the upper part of the lumbar spine (longer thoracic kyphosis is observed) 3. apparently shorter lumbar lordosis 4. normal or sl
8 KB (1,044 words) - 14:03, 21 May 2020
...e lateral branches of the posterior primary divisions (dorsal rami) of the thoracic spinal nerves.
...he lower cervical region and is innervated by the dorsal rami of the upper thoracic and lower cervical spinal nerves.
5 KB (736 words) - 02:32, 6 February 2022
...f each vertebra. These muscles are vital for allowing free movement of the spine.[[Image:250px-Iliostalis.png|Iliocostalis lumborum bottom R, iliocostalis d
...nts Iliocostalis Lumborum Available: https://www.rehabmypatient.com/lumbar-spine/iliocostalis-lumborum (accessed 1.12.2021)</ref>
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[[File:Sagittal section of the cervical spine Primal.png|right|frameless|400x400px]]
...sixth [[ribs]].<ref name=":1">Cramer GD, Darby SA. Clinical anatomy of the spine, spinal cord, and ANS-e-book.</ref>
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...m/Low_Back_Pain Low Back Pain] through interventions aimed at the thoracic spine and the hip joints.
Interventions directed at the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Thoracic Thoracic Spine] and the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Hip Hip Joints] have been found to be
8 KB (1,132 words) - 12:03, 2 August 2021
...ation mobility is an important part in examination in people with cervical spine disorders and it is especially useful for the diagnosis of [[Cervicogenic H
...1-C2 motion segment. Which can be painful for patients with lower cervical spine pain and dysfunction.<ref name=":0" />
3 KB (496 words) - 11:18, 16 February 2022
...ure (FHP), defined as the forward displacement of the head on the cervical spine, has been commonly associated with neck pain.<ref>Ghamkhar L, Kahlaee AH. [
* Stiff upper thoracic spine or rounded upper spine causing cervical spine to hyperextend to see ahead.
8 KB (1,232 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...t to Wall Distance is a routine clinical test for [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|thoracic kyphosis]] and [[Cervical Examination|cervical]] mobility. It is also known
The OWD may be abnormal in kyphosis (forward curvature of the upper thoracic spine) due<ref name=":1" />
7 KB (1,025 words) - 01:29, 27 January 2023
Adson's test is a provocative test for [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome]] accompanied by compression of the subclavian artery by a
...Ak&scisig=AAGBfm3Xykmd5qxt1OlNHZ--9PcI-YSzTA Provocative tests in cervical spine examination: historical basis and scientific analyses]". Pain Physician 6 (
9 KB (1,284 words) - 08:27, 10 February 2022
...The C1-C2 motion segment accounts for 50% of the rotation in the cervical spine.<ref name="Hall 2008">Hall TM, Robinson KW, AkasakaK. Intertester Reliabili
In this test procedure, the cervical spine is fully flexed, in an attempt to isolate movement to C1-C2, which has an u
6 KB (866 words) - 19:26, 31 January 2021
...f> The ribs form the main structure of the thoracic cage that protects the thoracic organs. There are 12 pairs of ribs which are separated by intercostal spac
* The only rib that articulates with one thoracic vertebra only (T1).<ref name=":2" />
9 KB (1,331 words) - 07:29, 19 March 2024
...portion arises from the front of the bodies of the first two or three thoracic vertebræ
Vertical portion arises from the front of the bodies of the upper three thoracic and lower three cervical vertebræ
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...hold in common the analysis of movement in the body and its effect on the spine. <ref>Functional Soft Tissue Examination and Treatment by Manual Metho
*Correction of postural discrepancies, which is a critical factor as the spine is the principle support for the organic systems, the limbs, muscles, and s
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...[[trapezius]] to form parallel bands that pass inferolaterally from the [[Thoracic Vertebrae|vertebrae]] to the medial border of the [[scapula]]. Rhomboi
...1 vertebra. It inserts at the scapula's medial border near the base of the spine of the scapula.
10 KB (1,387 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...lude:<ref name=":0">Bell-Jenje T. Assessment and Treatment of the Thoracic Spine Course. Plus , 2021.</ref>
...ning and Pathologies of the Thoracic Spine|masquerade]] as musculoskeletal thoracic pain
15 KB (2,131 words) - 11:47, 28 March 2024
...t is anterior [[Pelvic Tilt|pelvic tilt]]. This alters the position of the spine resulting in a [[Low Back Pain Related to Hyperlordosis|hyperlordosis]], wh
...s Back|Cyclists]] may develop a [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphotic thoracic spine]].
7 KB (1,078 words) - 10:24, 20 December 2023
..., Lee RY. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15883576/ Measurement of lumbar spine loads and motions during rotational mobilization.] Journal of manipulative
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
3 KB (487 words) - 15:59, 29 October 2020
== Canine Spine ==
...uns from the base of the head to the end of the tail.<ref>Cuteness. Canine Spine Anatomy.(Accessed on 2021/03/06). Available from https://www.cuteness.com/a
17 KB (2,488 words) - 06:40, 17 October 2022
[[Category:Thoracic Spine]]
The [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] is an area of the spine that has, historically, been under-explored. It can, however, be a silent c
15 KB (2,158 words) - 16:17, 13 January 2023
...ge/pain response assessment in the management of symptomatic lumbar discs. Spine J. 2003 Mar-Apr;3(2):146-54. doi: 10.1016/s1529-9430(02)00565-x. PMID: 1458
...Kenzie Approach]]) for the treatment of derangement classifications of the spine.
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...different types of spinal disorders ranging from low back pain to complex spine trauma and deformity.
* To reduce the loading of the spine e.g in the management of unstable fracture.
3 KB (411 words) - 09:10, 29 July 2021
...ning more or less vertically throughout the [[lumbar]], [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] regions. It lies in the groove to the s
...ed 30 November 2021]. Available from: https://www.wheelessonline.com/bones/spine/spinalis-cervicis/</ref> <ref name=":14">Radiopedia Erector Spinae Availabl
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[[File:SPINE ANATOMY.jpg|thumb]]
...t can no longer support the weight of the body through that segment of the spine.
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Span the whole length of the vertebral column, being most developed in the thoracic region. It consists of 2 part long and short rotatores.
* First pair is between [[Thoracic Vertebrae|T]]1 and T2, and the last is between T11 and T12. The first or la
6 KB (794 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...bone. It is a congenital overdevelopment of transverse process of cervical spine vertebra<ref>Fliegel BE, Menezes RG. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB
...ent. Available from https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/cervical-rib-thoracic-outlet-syndrome [last accessed 05/11/2020]]</ref> because of pressure on th
8 KB (1,140 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...client’s chest pain, upper back pain, shoulder pain, radiating arm pain or thoracic outlet syndrome, wrist pain, and hand pain complaints.
*[[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic outlet syndrome]]
9 KB (1,366 words) - 21:58, 21 March 2023
...]]This page outlines some Manual Techniques and Exercises for the Thoracic Spine.
...ater stages of life. Additionally, reduced ROM or strength in the thoracic spine will affect the entire kinetic chain.
15 KB (2,157 words) - 06:08, 19 April 2024
...https://www.physioadvisor.com.au/health/anatomy/ligaments/ligaments-of-the-spine/ (accessed 29 March 2019).
</ref> The ligaments are narrow and elongated in the thoracic region, broader, thicker, and quadrilateral in form in the lumbar region, a
4 KB (628 words) - 14:00, 2 April 2019
...lynn.+Staying+out+of+trouble+in+pediatric+orthopaedics.+Examination+of+the+spine.+Philadelphia,+2006.+P20-21.+Level+of+evidence:+D&ots=d_mu8QW6Af&sig=6ixw9s
...r [[Leg Length Discrepancy|limb length discrepancy]]. The [[Lumbar Anatomy|spine]] needs to be visible. The patient bends forward at the waist until the bac
8 KB (1,177 words) - 23:14, 26 January 2023
...ed [[bone]] placed on the postero-lateral aspect of the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] cage. It has 2 surfaces, 3 borders, 3 angles and 3 processes<ref>The Skel
...s divided into a supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa by the scapular spine. Anteriorly, on the costal surface, is the shallow subscapular fossa
11 KB (1,564 words) - 13:34, 26 August 2023
...that minimal force should be applied to any structure within the cervical spine i.e. low amplitude, short lever thrusts.
*The patient response to all cervical spine movements, including cervical manipulation interventions is continuously mo
10 KB (1,439 words) - 21:17, 14 April 2021
This guide gives a general overview of the anatomy of the thoracic spine. It also includes some facts regarding pathophysiology in this region.
The sagittal plane alignment of the Thoracic spine is on average 35% (normal range is 20° to 50°).<ref name=":2" />
20 KB (2,892 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...s. The Posterior Chain refers to the structures at the back of the leg and spine. The main muscles that make up the Posterior Chain are the [[Gastrocnemius|
...of chronic low back pain with lumbar extensor strengthening exercises. The Spine Journal. 2008 Feb 29;8(1):96-113.</ref> highlighted this as a way to exerci
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[[File:Osteoarthritic Spine (48605563867).png|right|frameless|alt=|476x476px]]
...and intervertebral disc degeneration: Quite different, quite similar.] JOR spine. 2018 Dec;1(4):e1033.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PM
10 KB (1,357 words) - 03:28, 3 September 2023
...at cover the [[Back Muscles|back muscles]] in the lower [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and lumbar area before passing through these muscles to attach to the [[s
..., [[spasticity]] and increased tone in the lower thoracic spine and lumbar spine / paraspinal regions causing severe [[Pain Behaviours|pain]]<nowiki/>s. <re
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...ck, being anatomically able to control segmental movements of the cervical spine in concert with the [[Cervical Deep Neck Flexors|deep cervical flexors.]]<r
...mbar Multifidus|Multifidus]] - which acts as a segmental stabiliser as the spine moves. It is thought that the unique design of the multifidus endows it wit
7 KB (1,075 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...ams for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized clinical trial. Spine. 2006;31:2541-2549.</ref><ref>Reiman MP, Weisbach PC, Glynn PE. The hips in
2. Interventions aimed at the lumbar spine have been used to treat:
7 KB (1,039 words) - 06:10, 22 March 2018
...ements in pain and disability following the application of cervicothoracic spine thrust and nonthrust manipulation. <ref name="Mintken">Mintken PE, Cleland
...manual therapy techniques were supplemented with two general cervical and thoracic mobility exercises. The participants performed these exercises, 10 repetiti
6 KB (694 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...icle/abs/pii/S1360859219302207 Physiotherapist survey: Increasing thoracic spine movement within the management of chronic subacromial impingement syndrome]
...t tissue compliance). In this scenario, the aim of treatment is to improve thoracic extension, especially during the identified provocative activity or activit
7 KB (1,027 words) - 15:02, 1 December 2022
...sal in humans - towards the back, dorsal in animals = directed towards the spine
* Front limb - the thoracic or pectoral limb
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==Spine==
...ass="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">[[Image:Sagittal section of the cervical spine Primal.png|200px|center]]<br>
21 KB (3,064 words) - 18:47, 14 June 2021
[[File:Latissimus+Dorsi+Origin+Spinous+processes+of+inferior+6+thoracic+vertebrae,+thoracolumbar+fascia,+iliac+crest,+and+inferior+3+or+4+ribs..jpg
...s a broad, flat muscle that occupies the majority of the lower posterior [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]]. The muscle's primary function is of the upper extremity b
11 KB (1,607 words) - 10:02, 2 April 2024
It was noticed that during crawling on all fours, at a certain moment, the spine gets exposed to a mobilizing, exercising and corrective influence, so he es
...leads to a muscle imbalance in the body leading to negative effects on the spine and leading to impairments of the same.
6 KB (868 words) - 13:58, 4 April 2024
Innervation of the QL is via the twelfth [[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|thoracic nerve]] and the spinal rami of the lumbar [[Spinal Nerves|spinal nerves]].
...texts describe the quadratus lumborum muscle as an extensor of the lumbar spine, a [[Lumbar Instability|stabilizer of the lumbar]] area, capable of [[Pelvi
7 KB (1,060 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...nerves Available: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/nerves-innervation-of-the-spine/<nowiki/>(accessed 6.2.2022)</ref>
...ht [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spinal nerve pairs, 12 [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] pairs , five [[lumbar]] pairs, five [[Sacrum|sacral]] pairs, and one cocc
6 KB (862 words) - 19:00, 8 March 2024
...of the extremities and SNAGS (sustained natural apophyseal glides) of the spine were first coined by Brian R. Mulligan <ref>Mulligan, BR: Manual Therapy �
...t if a headache stops with a manual technique involving the upper cervical spine then, this must be diagnostically significant as to the site of the lesion
10 KB (1,553 words) - 21:19, 17 October 2020
.... Manual Therapy 2009;14 (1), 52–60.</ref>. In the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] this approach is now well established. In the management of non-specific
...(2),181–191.</ref><ref name=":1" />.Changes in the alignment of the lumbar spine have been noted in subjects with flexion-related lumbar pain<ref name=":1"
14 KB (2,141 words) - 18:21, 13 July 2021
...unction, flexibility, range of motion and angle of the thoracic and lumbar spine.] ''Fisioterapia e Pesquisa'', ''23''(4), pp.394-401. Available from: htt
...d flags]], [[Spinal Masqueraders|spinal masqueraders]], suspected [[Lumbar Spine Fracture|spinal fracture]] be sure to liaise with appropriate medics and in
10 KB (1,440 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...ain/causes-intercostal-muscle-strain Causes of Intercostal Muscle Strain]. Spine-health. October 2017</ref>
...-symptoms-and-diagnosis Intercostal Muscle Strain Symptoms and Diagnosis]. Spine-health.</ref>
9 KB (1,391 words) - 16:28, 16 March 2023
...ted to the particular orientation, structure, and function of the thoracic spine in the vertebral column.
...weight of the of the axial skeleton as compared to the thoracic and sacral spine.
18 KB (2,502 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...ion (whilst paddling) increases the demands on the structures of the upper spine and associated soft tissues.
...nsion in the thoracic, increasing the demands of extension on the cervical spine.
12 KB (1,756 words) - 22:38, 15 June 2020
...ine, sitting or standing position. The examiner palpated the participant’s spine (approximately T9-T10 spinous process) with the thumbs and hands resting ov
...bit visible lateral rib expansion and no visible superior migration of the thoracic cage.<ref name=":0" />
2 KB (261 words) - 01:53, 10 May 2023
...n this line include: rounded shoulders / [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|kyphotic spine]] (i.e. office workers) with hypomobility, neck pain and [[Headache|headach
# [[Thoracic Vertebrae|Thoracic spinous process]]
7 KB (964 words) - 18:21, 13 January 2023
# Intermediate: attached to the posterior [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]]
...he back. Unilaterally they assist with lateral bending and rotation of the spine<ref name=":0" />.
8 KB (1,054 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
...:e0222822.</ref> However, it is often difficult to distinguish whether the spine or limb is the primary cause of lameness in a horse as spinal problems are
...ical assessment. This page will discuss assessments specific to the equine spine that are not discussed in detail in the [[Objective Assessment of the Equin
17 KB (2,705 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
...ct of the scapula, between the superior angle and the root of the scapular spine. Its function is to assist with various neck, arm and shoulder movements su
...ah Falla, James M. Elliott, Gwendolen Jull. Muscle Dysfunction in Cervical Spine Pain: Implications for Assessment and Management. Journal of Orthopaedic &a
8 KB (1,237 words) - 16:55, 9 December 2020
...trachea)<ref name=":0">Lang, J., 1993. ''Clinical anatomy of the cervical spine''. Stuttgart; New York: Thieme.</ref> is located at the anterior aspect of
...o, D., Lee, S. and Kim, I., 2013. ''Surgical Anatomy and Techniques to the Spine E-Book''. Elsevier Health Sciences.</ref>
9 KB (1,255 words) - 19:01, 8 March 2024
...ortant role in back health. It also acts to both laterally flex the lumbar spine and assists with flexion and external rotation of the hip.<ref name=":2">Bo
...h it. Superficially, it originates along the lateral surface of the distal thoracic vertebrae and adjacent intervertebral discs. The deeper portion originates
8 KB (1,218 words) - 23:54, 31 March 2024
...if warranted; [[Posture|postural]] issues: [[Cervical Examination|cervical spine]] alignment; nerve and muscle lengths; [[muscle]] strength.
*Cervical spine and carpal bone mobilisation
8 KB (1,200 words) - 19:07, 15 August 2023
...istance, photographically derived trunk flexion angle, and inclinometric [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis]] measure)<ref name=":3" />. It has also shown the ability t
...ormative data using a seated TWT<ref>Finsback C, Mannerkorpi K. Spinal and thoracic mobility-age-related reference values for healthy men and women. Nordisk fy
7 KB (911 words) - 01:23, 27 January 2023
...he ULTT's are equivalent to the straight leg raise designed for the lumbar spine.
...d. To further sensitise the upper limb tests, side flexion of the cervical spine can be added<ref>Wells P. Cervical dysfunction and shoulder problems. Physi
13 KB (1,862 words) - 19:12, 8 March 2024
...10.1186/1471-2474-8-90 Reliability of movement control tests in the lumbar spine.] BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2007 Dec;8(1):1-1.<ref name=":1" />
...10.1186/1471-2474-8-90 Reliability of movement control tests in the lumbar spine.] BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2007 Dec;8(1):1-1.</ref>
9 KB (1,343 words) - 23:18, 2 February 2023
...evier; 2006</ref> and the medial border is about 6 cms lateral to the spine.
...inal” axis perpendicular to the axis running from the root of the scapular spine to the AC joint.
11 KB (1,764 words) - 21:53, 29 August 2019
...elderly|falls]], assaults - most common injury is blunt [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] trauma, occurring in 50% of cases
...rams|home exercise plan]] eg postural exercises, deep breathing exercises, thoracic rotation exercises.
8 KB (1,060 words) - 14:00, 29 January 2024
[[File:Osteoprosis of Spine.jpg|thumb|Osteoprosis of Spine]]The effects of bone structure changes may bring about:
...bral discs]], result in a curved and shortened spine and possible</span> [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|poor posture]], leads to pain, reduced mobility, and other mu
6 KB (768 words) - 12:04, 19 December 2022
...ve the patient slump forward at the thoracic and [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] spine. If this position does not cause pain, have the patient flex the neck by pl
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
4 KB (667 words) - 22:51, 31 January 2021
...sses<ref name=":3">Spine Health Spinal Manipulation Available: https://www.spine-health.com/glossary/spinal-manipulation (accessed 13.6.2021)</ref>.
...back pain who demonstrate short-term improvement with spinal manipulation. Spine. 2002;27(24):2835-2843.</ref>Criteria included in the five factor predictor
15 KB (2,155 words) - 12:31, 17 October 2023
An orthopaedic doctor will generally prescribe a back brace to keep the spine from developing more of a curve. There are several braces for sale in the m
...f><ref>Horng MH, Kuok CP, Fu MJ, Lin CJ, Sun YN. Cobb angle measurement of spine from X-ray images using convolutional neural network. Computational and mat
5 KB (645 words) - 13:20, 31 July 2023
...id=30774207&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pmc t of forward head posture on thoracic shape and respiratory function]. Journal of physical therapy science. 2019;
* Thoracic Kyphosis is a complication of the combination of slouched-forward shoulders
12 KB (1,591 words) - 17:26, 22 November 2022
...; Arms bend at elbow or sway excessively forward - Potential Dysfunction: Thoracic or Shoulder mobility
...xcessively flexes for extends - Potential Dysfunction, hip mobility and/or thoracic mobility<ref>Webexercises [https://blog.webexercises.com/the-squat-assessme
5 KB (680 words) - 02:02, 20 February 2022
...J, Kahle K. Diagnostic pitfalls in spine surgery: masqueraders of surgical spine disease. Neurosurgical Focus. 2011;31(4).</ref>. Although the percentage of
*Back pain is usually mid thoracic and may radiate to the arm or axilla.
4 KB (599 words) - 11:30, 28 August 2023
...n early fetal development and in turn cause structural problems within the spine and spinal cord. These deformities can range from mild to severe and may ca
...ngenital spinal deformities Available:https://khavkinclinic.com/congential-spine-deformities/ (accessed 10.10.2021)</ref>
17 KB (2,458 words) - 15:25, 9 January 2023
...ent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can be defined as abnormal curvature of the spine with a [[Cobb's angle]] greater than 10 degrees, when measured in the coron
...t of the anterior. Vertebral bodies become distorted and rotate within the spine in order to make room for themselves due to the impediment of the anterior
11 KB (1,577 words) - 17:17, 1 June 2021
...of her neck. Personal and familial history of hypothyroidism. Cervical and thoracic ROM limited in several directions.
...Cervical extension 35 degrees. Left cervical rotation 26 degrees. Thoracic spine flexion limited to 10 degrees. Side bending bilaterally limited to 15 degre
7 KB (994 words) - 15:15, 6 September 2021
...lving upper limb parathaesia, weakness with reduced [[Thoracic Examination|thoracic movement]] and tenderness on palpation of the T4 vertebra.<ref>Miyuki Hirai
A typical [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] vertebra has a total of six joints with neighboring vertebrae: four [[Joi
16 KB (2,184 words) - 01:09, 21 November 2023
...and can be described as an exaggerated anterior curvature of the thoracic spine that is associated with aging<ref name="Jang et al." />
* Anterior curvature of the thoracic spine is normal and present due to the shape of the vertebral bodies and interver
19 KB (2,697 words) - 04:41, 21 November 2022
...etching (neuropraxia,), tearing (called “avulsion” when the tear is at the spine, and “rupture” when it is not), or scarring (neuroma) of the brachial p
# Avulsion, in which the nerve is severed from the spine.
7 KB (1,072 words) - 16:51, 9 May 2023
...ination of active and passive movement (shoulder, cervical spine, thoracic spine), neurological exam, special tests, and palpation should be performed. Once
* Spinal manipulation to cervical and thoracic spine
11 KB (1,501 words) - 22:00, 19 November 2021
Long Thoracic C5-C6-C7
| rowspan="2" align="center" width="25%" | Long Thoracic C5-C6-C7
14 KB (1,878 words) - 11:27, 18 August 2022
* '''Mobility''' of the cervical spine.
...ive strain. Prolonged sitting posture affects the natural curvature of the spine, while also increasing the pressure on vertebral discs, ligaments, and musc
10 KB (1,410 words) - 14:36, 29 January 2024
...pg|thumb|Figure 1. Thoracic kyphosis. ]][[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|Increased thoracic kyphosis]] (see Figure 1)
* Lordosis of the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]] inhibits laryngeal elevation and affects swallowing<ref>Sato K, Chitose S
18 KB (2,563 words) - 20:05, 9 January 2024
...chronic_low_back_pain Outcome measures in chronic low back pain.] European Spine Journal. 2010 Sep 1;19(9):1484-94.</ref>
...chronic_low_back_pain Outcome measures in chronic low back pain.] European Spine Journal. 2010 Sep 1;19(9):1484-94.</ref>
7 KB (965 words) - 13:07, 13 September 2021
...extends downwards from the [[brainstem]] through the central column of the spine. It is a relatively small bundle of tissue (weighing 35g and just about 1cm
...[[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] region and lowest in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] region. The spinal cord (similar to the brain) is protected by three laye
12 KB (1,785 words) - 18:31, 17 January 2023
Spine AROM:
*Thoracic Flexion=30 deg
4 KB (654 words) - 19:43, 13 October 2019
*[[Thoracic Examination|Thoracic Spine Examination]]<br>
4 KB (577 words) - 12:17, 2 August 2021
[[File:Thoracic grade 2 T6 PA mobilisations.png|right|frameless]]
The [[Thoracic Anatomy|Thoracic Spine]] has a complex and often overlooked role within the body. It is a key area
25 KB (3,520 words) - 00:01, 11 December 2020
...1;12(2):e053999.</ref>[[File:C-spine-picture.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Cervical spine]]
== Cervical Spine Structure ==
35 KB (4,842 words) - 10:49, 1 September 2023
* The [[sternum]] is a flat bone, located in the center of the anterior thoracic wall. It consists of three segments; manubrium (uppermost part)
* Patients with severe thoracic kyphosis, [[Osteoporosis disease|osteoporosis]], or osteopenia can develop
9 KB (1,311 words) - 05:36, 19 November 2021
...c pathologies. This article discusses the key anatomical structures of the thoracic vertebrae and rib cage, including the bony structures, articulations, ligam
== Thoracic Spine Structure ==
38 KB (5,505 words) - 08:10, 20 July 2023
...uxation, spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality, and multiple thoracic compression fracture<ref name=":0">Basu S (2012) Spinal injuries in childre
# Only about 2% to 5% being spine injuries <ref>Cirak B, Ziegfeld S, Knight VM, Chang D, Avellino AM, Paidas
13 KB (1,818 words) - 17:48, 16 March 2022
...l action of the posterior superior/posterior inferior reduces extension of thoracic vertebrae.
Unilateral action rotates the spine to opposite side.
6 KB (806 words) - 21:36, 19 April 2024
...man spine: 6 in the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] region (neck), 12 in the thoracic region (middle back), and 5 in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar region]] (lower
...at deal of strength. They also provide a shock-absorbing effect within the spine and prevent the vertebrae from grinding together. They consist of three maj
14 KB (2,100 words) - 02:18, 2 April 2024
...umatic pneumorrhachis: etiology, pathomechanism, diagnosis, and treatment. Spine J. 2011 Feb;11(2):153-7. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.12.010. PMID: 21296300.
...its and a few cases are as a result of stab injuries to the lower cervical spine.<ref>Traumatic pneumorrhachis: 2 cases and review of the literature Hasan K
12 KB (1,525 words) - 11:12, 5 May 2023
...osis is an external aid that is used to correct and support the spine. The spine is a complex anatomical structure and is key to our function. It is not pos
* Maintains alignment of spine
18 KB (2,546 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...a fairly rigid structure. This is why the ribcage remains elevated and the spine in flexion in many children with Cerebral Palsy. They have difficulty to ex
Erectors of the lumbar spine and rectus abdominus muscles are easy to recruit because they are superfici
19 KB (2,702 words) - 10:14, 2 November 2023
...Clinical Center. http://www.umm.edu/programs/spine/health/guides/cervical-spine-anatomy. Accessed 21 april 2017.</ref><ref name="Gray">Gray H. Gray's Anato
...ar regions of the spine. Unlike the other parts of the spine, the cervical spine has transverse foramina in each vertebra for the vertebral arteries that su
15 KB (2,243 words) - 10:15, 24 January 2022
...[Lymphatic System|lymphatic system]], [[Brachial Plexus|brachial plexus]], spine, second and third [[ribs]], stellate [[ganglion]], and the [[Sympathetic Ne
...ocated at the bottom of the cervical spine in connection with the thoracic spine and is related to the sympathetic nervous system. Invasion of this may resu
12 KB (1,665 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
The '''lumbar plexus''' is a complex neural network formed by the lower thoracic and lumbar ventral nerve roots. They are formed where T12 to L5 exit the [
[[Category:Lumbar Spine]]
6 KB (893 words) - 04:26, 22 January 2024
...-72. </ref> The five types of cancer that are most likely to spread to the spine are:<ref name=":2">Finucane L. Spinal Malignancy Course. Plus 2020. </ref>
It is not entirely understood how MBD spreads, but its propensity for the spine is considered to be due to haematogenous spread via the venous or arterial
14 KB (2,224 words) - 02:29, 1 May 2023
...f>WebMd. [https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/guide/spinal-stenosis#1 Cervical spine stenosis.] Available from: https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/guide/spinal-ste
...s most commonly in either the [[Lumbar|lumbar]] or cervical regions of the spine. Abnormalities that can lead to stenosis are twice as likely to be seen on
17 KB (2,296 words) - 17:40, 17 October 2020
The thoracic wall consists of the
* 12 thoracic vertebrae posteriorly,
16 KB (2,363 words) - 17:43, 25 April 2023
...nd have the necessary clinical reasoning skills to either clear the lumbar spine or diagnose lumbar pathology.
...J, Kahle K. Diagnostic pitfalls in spine surgery: masqueraders of surgical spine disease. Neurosurgical Focus. 2011;31(4).</ref> - so these too much be cons
15 KB (2,238 words) - 10:13, 11 January 2023
...ed Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine">Ombregt, L. Applied Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine. Chapter 31 In: A System of Orthopaedic Medicine. Elsevier, 2013.</ref>
The vertebral foramen is triangular in shape and is larger than in the thoracic vertebrae but smaller than in the cervical vertebrae.
12 KB (1,649 words) - 22:08, 19 June 2023
...Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. Spine 2000;25(24):3115-24</ref>
...y) to 24 (max. disability) depending on the questionnaire used. <ref name="Spine" /> Roland and Morris omitted describing the various levels of disability (
7 KB (1,094 words) - 11:03, 29 November 2022
...ll of these conditions must be considered when assessing patients who have thoracic pain.
...ditional information on thoracic spine musculature is available [[Thoracic Spine Major Muscles|here]].
24 KB (3,497 words) - 11:31, 18 August 2022
...ue originally developed by Blanch that involves a synchronized movement of thoracic extension, [[Glenohumeral Joint|glenohumeral joint]] (GHJ) flexion, scapula
* shoulder (glenohumeral joint and scapulo-thoracic joint) and thoracic spine flexibility. <ref name=":0" />
6 KB (903 words) - 09:53, 3 January 2020
== Cervico-Thoracic ==
...s://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/cp94b.pdf Acute Thoracic Spinal Pain] from the Australian Acute Musculoskeletal Pain Guidelines Grou
15 KB (2,084 words) - 19:01, 24 September 2016
* The [[Pelvic Landmarks|posterior superior iliac spine.]]
* The transverse processes of the [[Thoracic Vertebrae|thoracic vertebrae]].<ref>Study,com Multifidus Available:https://study.com/academy/l
11 KB (1,714 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...een the active ([[Paraspinal Muscles|muscles]]), passive (osteoligamentous spine), and neural components is necessary to prevent [[Lumbar Instability|instab
...l movements result in various forces acting on the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] and [[sacrum]], that is:
11 KB (1,687 words) - 02:52, 29 November 2022
[[Category:Thoracic Spine]]
[[Category:Thoracic Spine - Anatomy]]
12 KB (1,789 words) - 18:32, 17 March 2023
* [[Thoracic Back Pain|Thoracic pain]]
...d flags presented in current low back pain guidelines: a review.] European Spine Journal. 2016 Sep 1;25(9):2788-802. </ref> or when clinicians should act<re
14 KB (2,101 words) - 10:12, 20 December 2023
...cic spine of greater than 40°.<ref name=":3">Fon GT, Pitt MJ, Thies Jr AC. Thoracic kyphosis: range in normal subjects. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1980
...accepted thresholds for defining either hyperkyphosis or “normal” thoracic spine changes associated with aging<ref name=":0">Kado DM, Prenovost K, Crandall
23 KB (3,199 words) - 06:59, 30 April 2020
...s an observable deformity. Scoliosis is defined by the [[Cobb's angle]] of spine curvature in the coronal plane and is often accompanied by vertebral rotati
* [[Congenital Spine Deformities|Congenital]] - present from birth due to defects of formation,
14 KB (2,019 words) - 18:49, 29 April 2024
*[[Cervical Radiculopathy|Cervical radiculopathy]] and [[Thoracic Disc Syndrome]]<ref name="Macdermid et al" />
...ersus region specific functional status measures on patients with cervical spine disorders. Physical Therapy, 1998;78:951-963</ref>.
11 KB (1,767 words) - 11:43, 15 November 2023
...distributing the transmitted forces to the [[Thoracic Vertebrae|thoracic]] spine.
..., Exercise-induced rib stress fractures: potential risk factors related to thoracic muscle co-contraction and movement pattern; Scand J Med Sci 2006; 15:188-19
14 KB (2,205 words) - 02:24, 27 January 2023
...reased flexion of the hips, and a compensatory hyperlordosis in the lumbar spine.
...re in other parts of the body, such as: [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|increased thoracic kyphosis]] and increased cervical lordosis.<ref name="Ishida" /><ref name="
16 KB (2,431 words) - 16:46, 15 December 2022
The [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] supports much of the upper body's weight. [[Intervertebral disc|Intervert
== Lumbar Spine Structure ==
27 KB (3,999 words) - 02:49, 28 August 2023
...l examination and patient self-report measures for cervical radiculopathy. Spine 2003;28(1):52-62.</ref>:'''positive upper limb tension test A''' (ULTTa), '
...cores ranged from 13% to 88%, 5 of 6 patients demonstrated normal cervical spine motion, and 4 of 6 patients did not test positive for any of the CPR criter
5 KB (753 words) - 19:21, 13 September 2019
...dure that removes a portion of a vertebra called the lamina. It is a major spine operation with residual scar tissue and may result in post-laminectomy synd
...for bilateral decompression and open laminectomy. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine. 2014 Aug 1;21(2):179-86.</ref><ref>Estefan M, GO CW. Laminectomy.</ref>
13 KB (1,759 words) - 14:43, 29 June 2023
== Scapula Spine Distance: SSD ==
...s measured with the arms at the sides. The reference point on the thoracic spine is defined as the nearest spinous process. A difference of more than 1.0 cm
11 KB (1,591 words) - 12:39, 27 October 2021
...ntroduces the anatomy of the canine front limb, also known as forelimb and thoracic limb.
[[File:Canine thoracic limb lateral view.jpeg|left|thumb]] [[File:Canine bonnes of left forelimb.j
19 KB (2,783 words) - 23:14, 3 January 2023
...e]] extending from the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] to [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] region on the posterior aspect of the neck and trunk. The human trapezius
...capula]], and to head [[balance]] through muscular control of the cervical spine.
12 KB (1,714 words) - 13:29, 18 March 2023
...For example, a nerve root impingement in the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine may result in pain and weakness in the forearm. Similarly, an impingement i
...rvical radiculopathy in the United States military: 2000 to 2009. Clinical Spine Surgery. 2012 Feb 1;25(1):17-22.</ref>. Private insurance is found to be th
16 KB (2,204 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...rior scalene muscle,]] passes over the dome of the pleura and enters the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] posterior to the subclavian vein. The right and left phren
...al pleura and can be injured while dissecting near the area of an internal thoracic artery.
8 KB (1,169 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...patient and places his thumbs directly under each posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS).<ref name="p2" />
...tarting with flexing the neck, then the upper thoracic spine to the lumbar spine, and as far as possible while keeping the knees extended. The therapist wil
8 KB (1,150 words) - 00:19, 14 March 2021
...r region of the cervical spine, from the superior nuchal line to the first thoracic spinous process". The Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Ne
...hould follow the usual [[Cervical Examination|examination for the cervical spine]]. However it is important to be aware of the differing impairments that i
10 KB (1,445 words) - 11:50, 15 November 2023
...ven vertebrae as well as articulations with the occiput and upper thoracic spine, each with different axes of movement which can combine in a multitude of w
Movements of the cervical spine are 1) constrained by the [[Anatomy cervical|anatomy]] of motion segments a
18 KB (2,841 words) - 12:07, 19 March 2024
Information on a full cervical spine examination is discussed [[Cervical Examination|here]], including the subje
* Cervical spine instability
17 KB (2,510 words) - 00:31, 28 December 2022
...or equal to 5 degrees in 3 or more adjacent vertebral bodies. The thoracic spine is most commonly involved, although involvement can include the thoracolumb
* The thoracic form is most common and has an apex between T7-T9.
25 KB (3,461 words) - 11:35, 12 March 2022
...279-5#Sec7 Low back pain: critical assessment of various scales.] European Spine Journal. 2020 Mar;29:503-18.</ref>.
...ex. Part 1: cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity. European spine journal. 2006 Feb;15:55-65.</ref>.
8 KB (1,122 words) - 22:13, 30 July 2023
...amus of the 1st thoracic nerve. Branches from the 4th cervical and the 2nd thoracic ventral ramus may contribute. <ref name=":9" />
...the brachial plexus can occur between the first rib and clavicle (known as thoracic outlet) and below pectoralis minor <ref name=":9">Anatomy.tv | 3D Human Ana
20 KB (2,786 words) - 00:15, 24 March 2024
...ei=33D_Y-b6G8K1ywTR2b-ACw&scisig=AAGBfm0_NiE12NAJ6fxWp2LhTVd1yZ0_wA Canine Thoracic Costovertebral and Costotransverse Joints:] Three Case Reports of Dysfuncti
...rscapular pain], university of johannesburg, 2015 </ref> Together with the thoracic cage, the costovertebral and costotransverse joints provide stability.<ref
35 KB (5,073 words) - 17:45, 1 March 2023
...ic adverse effects has been associated with manual therapy of the cervical spine. The most serious associated adverse events include [[Vascular Pathologies
...ssist physiotherapists to practice safe manual therapy within the cervical spine region with the awareness and knowledge to be able to manage the risks and
8 KB (1,133 words) - 18:48, 6 May 2021
...exercise program without limitations from pain or lack of stability in his spine. Pt inquired about the possible effects of his Crohn’s Disease in correla
* Posture: In standing patient displays increased thoracic kyphosis, forward head, protracted shoulders, increased lumbar lordosis as
17 KB (2,454 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
[[Thoracic Spinal Nerves|Spinal nerves T7 to T12]] (ventral rami) . T7 innervates
* Flexion of the trunk (flexion of thoracic and lumber spine), while it works by drawing pubic symphysis and sternum toward each other.
6 KB (840 words) - 07:01, 19 December 2021
* In cervical and high thoracic SCI lesions, the synergy between [[Sympathetic Nervous System|sympathetic]]
...with [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] and high [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] spine injury); occurs at anytime from the onset of injury, frequently following a
7 KB (989 words) - 13:38, 8 January 2023
# [[Cervical Anatomy|Cervical spine]] - extension and side flexion show the greatest reduction in ROM.
...t factors on lumbar segmental range of motion using multivariate analysis. Spine 33:1793-1799, 2008</ref>.
10 KB (1,436 words) - 02:33, 14 August 2022
...tebrae|thoracic spine]] [[Fracture|fractures]] occur in the lower thoracic spine, with 60% to 70% of thoraco-lumbar fractures occurring in the T11 to L2 reg
...ury. 2009 Feb 1;40(2):166-72.</ref> Minor trauma can also cause a thoracic spine fracture in individuals who have a condition associated with loss of bone m
27 KB (3,809 words) - 20:48, 17 October 2020
...ding of this anatomy is essential for assessment and treatment of cervical spine problems.
....gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356370/ (last accessed 28.1.2020)</ref> The cervical spine is subjected to extrinsic factors such as repetitive movements, whole body
21 KB (2,995 words) - 17:23, 26 June 2023
...culus. Synapses with the excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the cervical spine. <ref name="Fitzgerald" />
* Innervates interneurons in the cervical and upper thoracic spine. <ref name="Gjelsvik">Gjelsvik BEB. The Bobath Concept in Adult Neurol
6 KB (827 words) - 06:01, 27 April 2022
...107/.</ref>The longissimus capitis and longus colli stabilize the cervical spine anteriorly; injury to these muscles can occur with a high velocity whiplash
Dorsal rami of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves (C6 to T4).<ref name="ae">http://www.anatomyexpert.com/struct
7 KB (1,049 words) - 00:22, 26 November 2023
...ress, muscle tension, hormonal fluctuations, nerve compression or cervical spine or temporomandibular joint dysfunction <ref name=":0">Goodman CC, Heick J,
...r musculoskeletal cause (e.g., dysfunction of the cervical spine, thoracic spine, or temporomandibular joints; muscle tension, poor posture, nerve impingeme
8 KB (1,043 words) - 19:11, 17 October 2020
...acts as a corset contributing to the inter-segmental control of the lumbar spine, rather than contributing in trunk flexion<ref name=":0" />.
* Adjust the [[Pelvic Tilt|pelvis]] so that the lumbar spine is in the neutral position.
7 KB (992 words) - 05:38, 3 January 2022
...br>These ossifications are mostly seen in the axial skeleton, of which the thoracic region is the main location <ref name="p1" /><ref name="p3" /><ref name="Ma
...">Giles LGF, Singer KP, Vol.3: Clinical anatomy and management of cervical spine pain. Butterworth Heinemann, 2001, second edition, p.103-104</ref><ref nam
18 KB (2,537 words) - 14:20, 29 November 2023
...espiratory system (diaphragm).<ref>P. Holck et al. Anatomy of the cervical spine. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2010;130:29-32 [Level 1]</ref><ref>K.L. Moore et al
...uma 2012 [Level 2]</ref><ref name="Torretti">J.A. Torretti et al. Cervical spine trauma. Indian J Orthop. 2007;41(4):255-267 [Level 2]</ref><ref name="Prypu
12 KB (1,851 words) - 22:29, 15 June 2020
* Running<ref>Morton DP, Aune T. Runner’s stitch and the thoracic spine. British journal of sports medicine. 2004 Apr 1;38(2):240-.</ref>
4 KB (528 words) - 18:06, 17 October 2020
...dra SL, Fessler RG, Liu JC. Maximizing the potential of minimally invasive spine surgery in complex spinal disorders. Neurosurgical focus. 2008 Aug 1;25(2):
...be|_lUhQLFHriw|300}}<ref>Fortis Healthcare. Vertebroplasty & Kyphoplasty ( Spine Surgery) Neuro Surgery; Fortis Healthcare,India. Available from: http://www
15 KB (2,177 words) - 01:11, 29 June 2020
This page introduces the Anatomy of Equine Spine and Head.
...pairs of ribs, out of a total of 18.<ref name=":1">Van der Walt A. Equine Spine and Head Presentation. Plus , 2021.</ref>
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..., Kavishwar RA, Shetty AP, Shanmuganathan R. Spondylolysis of the Thoracic Spine with Instability: A Rare Cause for Myelopathy. JBJS Case Connector. 2022 Ja
Follow this link for more on [[Thoracic Spondylolysis]]<br>
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...s warranted to determine the extent and nature of the relationship between thoracic manipulation and shoulder pain.
This case report indicates manipulations directed to the thoracic spine may be a useful adjunct to pragmatic treatment for patients with shoulder p
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[[Lumbar]] Spine Fusion is an effective treatment option to stabilise the painful motion seg
Today, most spine surgeons use pedicle screw constructs to immobilise the vertebrae rigidly w
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...l., 2015).]][[Scoliosis]] can be described as an abnormal curvature of the spine. The [[Cobb's angle|Cobb angle]] (fig.2) and Risser sign are measures commo
...epidemiological study for 43,630 pupils in Niigata City, Japan.] European Spine Journal. 2011 Feb 1;20(2):274-9.</ref><ref name=":3">Joncas, J., Labelle, H
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...'Keeffe, M., O'Sullivan, K., Lewis, J., & McCreesh, K. (2016). Is thoracic spine posture associated with shoulder pain, range of motion and function? A syst
...vements.<ref>Dunk, N. M., Callaghan, J. P., & McGill, S. M. (2005). Lumbar spine movement patterns during prolonged sitting differentiate low back pain deve
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...e progressive, typically continuing after the growth of the individual and spine has ceased.<ref name=":0" />Its progressive nature is more often seen in co
* Intraspinal and congenital abnormalities of the spine
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...nly related symptoms are back pain, [[Kyphosis|kyphotic]] deformity of the spine, lower limb weakness, and [[paraplegia]]. <ref name=":0">Radiopedia Tu
Tuberculous spondylitis is one of the more common infections of spine in countries where TB is prevalent. Unfortunately, the incidence of Pott Di
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...[[Atlas|C1]] has no corresponding dermatomal area), 12 [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] nerves, 5 [[lumbar]] nerves and 5 [[Sacrum|sacral]] nerves. Each of these
| rowspan="3" |Thoracic
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...may also have other skeletal abnormalities, such as short stature, curved spine, or malformed pelvis.
...wide-open sutures, patent fontanels, cone-shaped thorax with narrow upper thoracic diameter, hand deformities, abnormal dentition. Molecular genetic testing o
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...uction to Cervicogenic Headaches|here]]. Dysfunction in the upper cervical spine is recognised as the source of CGH.<ref name=":0">Biondi DM. Cervicogenic h
...ith Moderate Neck Pain Have Increased Anterior Positioning of the Cervical Spine and Stiffness of Upper Trapezius Myofascial Tissue in Sitting Posture. PM R
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=== Shoulder, Cervical Spine and Thoracic Spine ===
....gov/pmc/articles/PMC7093973/ The effect of manual therapy to the thoracic spine on pain-free grip and sympathetic activity in patients with lateral epicond
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*[[Manual Therapy Techniques For The Lumbar Spine]]
* [[The Effectiveness of Manual Therapies on the Thoracic Spine]]
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...performed under fluoroscopic, or [[CT Scans|CT]] image guidance (cervical, thoracic or most commonly lumbosacral facet joints can be injected)
...of adjacent vertebra <ref name="Strayer,A. 2005">Strayer,A., 2005. Lumbar Spine: Common Pathology and Interventions. The Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 3
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...the surrounding bony structures ([[Ribs|rib]] cage, cervical and thoracic spine, upper pelvic area) as well as the [[Muscles of Respiration|muscles of resp
...ally ventilated patients without pneumonia—a narrative review.] Journal of thoracic disease. 2017;9(1): E44. DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.01.32 </ref>
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...he ULTT's are equivalent to the straight leg raise designed for the lumbar spine.
...n of the cervical spine Primal.png|thumb| Sagittal section of the cervical spine ]]ULTT are performed to assess peripheral nerve mobility and compression o
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...Joints|Facet]] arthrosis is a painful [[arthritis]]-like condition of the spine caused by degeneration of the joints between the spinal bones.
...ertebrae posteriorly and and help with twisting and turning motions of the spine. <ref name=":0">Brennan D. Facet arthrosis: What is it and what causes it?
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...nts is barrel-shaped and rigid; ribs are elevated and perpendicular to the spine
...depress and develop an angulation in relation to their attachment with the spine - this is due to the diaphragm pull and forces from sitting/standing/walkin
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...main goal of neck collars is to prevent or minimise motion in the cervical spine.
...s supporting, such as cervical orthosis, head cervical orthosis or cervico-thoracic orthosis for example.
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=== Exclude Cx spine ===
...t tissue compliance). In this scenario, the aim of treatment is to improve thoracic extension, especially during the identified provocative activity or activit
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*upper thoracic spine mobility stretch
** increased [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|thoracic kyphosis]]
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Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It is most often diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence.
The spine's normal curves occur at the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions in the so-called “sagittal” plane. These natural cur
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...the costoscalene hiatus.<ref name="p1">Pollak E W. Surgical anatomy of the thoracic outIet syndrome. Surg Gynaec Obstet 1980; 150: 97 - 103</ref> The cost
...s usually showing no more than minimal degenerative change of the cervical spine and acromioclavicular joint exclude most other conditions to be considered
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...it can also occur in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and [[Lumbar|lumbar spine]].<ref name=":0">Seidenwurm, D. J., & Expert Panel on Neurologic Imaging. (
...to the sacrum and pelvis. The cervical region consists of 7 vertebrae, the thoracic region of 12 vertebrae and the lumbar region of 5 vertebrae.
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...vical Anatomy|cervical]], thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions. The lumbar spine consists of 5 moveable vertebrae (numbered L1-L5). The lumbar vertebrae, as
...vertebrae have several features distinct from those typical of cervical or thoracic vertebrae.<ref name=":0" />
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...ecific and radiological predictive factors for curve progression. European Spine Journal. 2021 Mar 26;30(7):1813–22.</ref>
...uropean Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society] [Internet]. 2020 Apr 1;29(4):786–93. </ref>. Adolescent
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...s). It also introduces the Proposed Classification System for the Cervical Spine.
...es/PMC8639967/ Consensus practice guidelines on interventions for cervical spine (facet) joint pain from a multispecialty international working group]. Regi
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'''Range of Motion and Power – Cervical Spine'''
...ted of upper limb neural stretches, maitland mobilisations of the cervical spine and a home programme of stretching and strengthening exercises. Throughou
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...healthcare professional should rule out structural causes of the cervical spine first.
...dy of facial -, tongue -, sternocleidomastoid -, trapezius -, cervical and thoracic spinal muscles.
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...abdominal muscles creates a rigid cylinder which decreases the load on the spine.<ref name=":4" />
...ces the abdominal contents and helps support the lower back. It increases spine stiffness during functional posture and movements.
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...ing [[Neck Pain: Clinical Practice Guidelines|neck]], [[Thoracic Back Pain|thoracic]] and [[Low Back Pain|lumbar pain]]) is a common presenting condition in ph
...edicine. 2022 Jan 1;56(1):41-50.</ref> (i.e. pain that is generated by the spine, [[Intervertebral disc|intervertebral discs]] and surrounding soft tissue -
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The spine is wonderfully designed to allow movement. It is also designed to help abso
...in the thoracic region which is your upper back; 5 vertebrae in the lumbar spine; and 5 sacral vertebrae and 4 coccyx which are located below that.
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!'''Spine'''
...the hips in prone lying is associated with a posterior tilt of the lumbar spine
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...g characteristics<ref name=":2">Spinal anatomy and backpain. P.F. Ullrich. Spine-health, trusted information for backpain</ref>:
...nal column, the more weight it must bear. The five vertebrae of the lumbar spine (L1-L5) are the biggest unfused vertebrae in the spinal column, enabling th
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...lack+of+knowledge+about+the+functional+aspects+of+the+equine+thoracolumbar+spine+and+pathogenesis+of+back+problems.&source=bl&ots=cAVFEBX9CU&sig=ACfU3U2mopm
...e=":1" /> There is also a lack of knowledge about the equine thoracolumbar spine (particularly its functional aspects) and the pathogenesis of back problems
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=== Cervical spine ===
...lack K., Singh S. [https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.233025121 Pediatric cervical spine: normal anatomy, variants, and trauma]. Radiographics. 2003 May;23(3):539-6
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...<br> <br>The ribs articulate posteriorly with the proc. transversii of the thoracic vertebrae. These junctions are called the costotransverse joints. The ribs
* Mobilize spine and ribs to avoid rigidity of the thorax and to reduce complaints.<ref name
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..."p1">Zdeblick TA. Compression and wedge fractures: treatment and recovery. Spine Univers 2009</ref><ref name="p2">Alexandru, Daniela, and William So. "Evalu
Osteoporotic spine fractures can be graded based on vertebral height loss as:
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...dominal walls, the abdomen being the portion of the trunk connecting the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thorax]] and [[pelvis]]. An abdominal wall is formed of [[skin]], [
...ore muscles]] and help keep the body stable and balanced, and protects the spine.
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...d by [[Pilates]] practitioners to help align the body. When the pelvis and spine are aligned in a neutral position, this reduces the pressure on bones and l
...on provides the least support to the back and puts greater pressure on the spine, which could lead to pain. Wrinkles on the face could arise from stomach sl
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...ction more readily than other joints, such as the knees, hips, or thoracic spine."<ref>Cholewicki J, Breen A, Popovich Jr JM, Reeves NP, Sahrmann SA, Van Di
...d back muscle activity during walking: changes in motor control]. European Spine Journal. 2006 Feb;15(1):23-40.</ref>
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...round the shins" to engage the latissimus dorsi to assist with keeping the spine in a neutral position. An additional cue would be to "squeeze oranges under
...an increase in intrathoracic pressure which helps stabilize the trunk and spine during the movement. The Valsalva maneuver should be avoided by individuals
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...ask if they have pain or symptoms in other regions such as their thoracic spine or shoulder.
|If there has been trauma, follow the [[Canadian c-spine rules|Canadian C-Spine Rule]].
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...tps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1413355521000794 Your spine is so worn out’–the influence of clinical diagnosis on beliefs in patie
* '''[[An Introduction to Clearing the Lumbar Spine|Clear the spine]] for distal complaints'''
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...left common carotid artery can be thought of as having two distinct parts: thoracic and cervical while the right common carotid artery has only a cervical port
[[Category:Cervical Spine - Conditions]]
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# Acquiring the strength and control needed to extend the spine and hold the head and trunk upright and steady.<ref name=":2">Pin TW, Butle
== Learning to extend the neck and spine ==
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...like pattern towards the head. Segments that rise as a group may represent thoracic restrictions.<ref name=":1" />
...: consists of two sinusoid wires coils insulated and placed one around the thoracic (placed around the rib cage under the armpits) and the second(placed aroun
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...headache]] (CGH) is caused primarily by dysfunction in the upper cervical spine. However, patients with CGH are also highly likely to have myofascial trigg
For more information on the role of the upper cervical spine, please click [https://www.physio-pedia.com/The_Upper_Cervical_Spine_and_Ce
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...neck pain in Australian office workers: a 1-year longitudinal study.] Eur Spine J. 2009 Oct;18(10):1532-40.</ref>
'''Nerves'''- Cervical spine nerves provide functional control and sensation to different parts of the b
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*Thoracic and cervical spine including kyphosis and forward head
...nbsp; Posterior-anterior glide assessment on cervical/thoracic spine for distal symptoms reproduction as well.<br>
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...[[Cervical Spondylosis|spondylosis]] (degenerative changes in the cervical spine) but can also be the result of traumatic (fractures and instability) and in
...w KD. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272453 Prevalence of cervical spine stenosis: anatomic study in cadavers]. JBJS. 2007 Feb 1;89(2):376-80.</ref>
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...ines for the Management of Acute Low Back Pain in Primary Care. . European spine journal. 2006 Mar;15(Suppl 2):s169.
...low back pain]. Airaksinen O, Brox JI, Cedraschi C et al (2006) Eur Spine J 15(2):S192–S300: Europe, COST B13 Working Group on Guidelines for the M
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...scapular winging can be due to a lesion of the [[Long Thoracic Nerve|long thoracic nerve]] which affects the [[Serratus Anterior|serratus anterior]], causes [
...ents. It's the outcome of the scapula rubbing against the ribs or thoracic spine.
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...nia: clinical case series and literature review]. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine. 2011 May 1;14(5):654-63.</ref><ref name=":3">Lirette LS, Chaiban G, Tolba
The coccyx is a triangular bone that forms the most distal segment of the spine.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> It is composed of 3 to 5 coccygeal segme
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...pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16284634/ Swartz EE, Floyd RT, Cendoma M. Cervical spine functional anatomy and the biomechanics of injury due to compressive loadin
...Loss of cervical lordosis: What is the prognosis? J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 2017 Jan-Mar;8(1):9-14. doi: 10.4103/0974-8237.199877. PMID: 28250631; PMC
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* Active mobilisation exercises, upper cervical spine mobilisations, passive mobilisation with movement (MWM), work-related ergon
...d J.A. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26852024/ Upper cervical and upper thoracic manipulation versus mobilization and exercise in patients with cervicogenic
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...d JA, Childs Maj JD, McRae M, Palmer JA, Stowell T. Immediate effects of a thoracic manipulation in patients with neck pain: A randomized clinical trial. Manua
| Thoracic manipulation + adjunct treatment
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...called the Medical Outcomes Study<ref>Ware J. SF-36 Health Survey Update. Spine. 2000. 25; 24: 3130-3139.<section>
[[Category:Thoracic Spine - Outcome Measures]]
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...nsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale in patients with low back pain. Spine 2005;30:1331–4.</ref><ref name="p0">Jensen MP, McFarland CA. Increasing t
...nsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale in patients with low back pain. Spine 2005;30:1331–4</ref> In another study, the MCID was found to be 2 points
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