Triangles of the Neck: Difference between revisions
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* inferiorly by the superior border of the [[clavicle]] | * inferiorly by the superior border of the [[clavicle]] | ||
* posteriorly by the anterior margin of the [[trapezius]] muscle. | * posteriorly by the anterior margin of the [[trapezius]] muscle. | ||
== Anterior Triangle == | == Anterior Triangle == | ||
{{#ev:youtube|YOgE2pmXfZg}} <ref>Anatomy Knowledge. The Anterior Triangle of the Neck - Boundaries x Subdivisions | Anatomy Tutorial. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOgE2pmXfZg [last accessed 10/06/2020]</ref> | |||
Borders:<ref name=":0" /><ref>Stathakios J, Carron MA. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554398/#:~:text=Anterior%20Triangle,border%20of%20the%20sternocleidomastoid%20muscle. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Neck Triangle]. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Jul 31. StatPearls Publishing.</ref> | Borders:<ref name=":0" /><ref>Stathakios J, Carron MA. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554398/#:~:text=Anterior%20Triangle,border%20of%20the%20sternocleidomastoid%20muscle. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Neck Triangle]. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Jul 31. StatPearls Publishing.</ref> | ||
| Line 68: | Line 72: | ||
* Anterior- midline of neck | * Anterior- midline of neck | ||
* Inferoposterior- anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle | * Inferoposterior- anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle | ||
* Posterosuperior- superior belly of the omohyoid muscle | * Posterosuperior- superior belly of the omohyoid muscle | ||
| Line 97: | Line 100: | ||
== Posterior Triangle == | == Posterior Triangle == | ||
{{#ev:youtube|UoVIk4tvX_w}} <ref>Anatomy Knowledge. The Posterior Triangle of the Neck - Boundaries & Content - Head & Neck Anatomy. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoVIk4tvX_w [last accessed 16/09/2019]</ref> | |||
Borders:<ref name=":0" /> | Borders:<ref name=":0" /> | ||
Revision as of 18:41, 28 December 2022
This article or area is currently under construction and may only be partially complete. Please come back soon to see the finished work! (28/12/2022)
Description[edit | edit source]
The neck is the anatomical region that supports the head and serves as a conduit for vital structures passing to and from the torso. As a geometric region, can be clinically divided using anatomical triangles. The sternocleidomastoid muscle obliquely crosses the neck to form the division between the two major neck triangles: anterior triangle and posterior triangle. Both triangles are further divided into sub-triangles. [1][2]
- Anterior Triangle
- Digastric/Submandibular Triangle
- Carotid Triangle
- Muscular Triangle
- Submental Triangle
- Posterior Triangle
- Occipital Triangle
- Subclavian/Supraclavicular
The neck is limited[1]:
- superiorly by the inferior border of the mandible
- anteriorly by midline of the neck
- inferiorly by the superior border of the clavicle
- posteriorly by the anterior margin of the trapezius muscle.
Anterior Triangle[edit | edit source]
- Superior border - inferior border of mandible
- Medial border- midline of neck
- Lateral border- anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
The Anterior Triangle has an apex that extends to the manubrium of sternum. It is made up of three paired triangles: submandibular (digastric), carotid, and muscular (omotracheal/infrahyoid) triangles, and one unpaired triangle: submental triangle.
Submandibular/Digastric Triangle[edit | edit source]
- Superior - inferior border of mandible
- Anterior - anterior belly of digastric muscle
- Posterior - posterior belly of digastric muscle
- Inferior - hyoid bone
Floor: mylohyoid muscle
Contents:[1]
- Glands and lymphatics: submandibular gland and lymph nodes, lower pole of the parotid gland.
- Blood vessels: facial, lingual and submental arteries and veins
- Nerves: marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, nerve to the mylohyoid, hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Carotid Triangle[edit | edit source]
Borders:[1]
- Superior - stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric muscles
- Anterior - superior belly of omohyoid muscle
- Posterior - anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
Floor: hyoglossus, thyrohyoid, and inferior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles
Contents:[1]
- Arteries: common carotid and its bifurcation into internal and external carotid arteries, superior thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, and ascending pharyngeal arteries
- Veins: internal jugular, superior thyroid, lingual, facial, ascending pharyngeal, and occipital veins
- Nerves: external and internal branches of the superior laryngeal nerve arising from the vagus nerve (CN X), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
Muscular Triangle[edit | edit source]
- Anterior- midline of neck
- Inferoposterior- anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Posterosuperior- superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
Contents:[1]
- Blood vessels: superior thyroid artery, anterior jugular and inferior thyroid veins
- Lymphatics: anterior cervical, infrahyoid, prelaryngeal, thyroid, pretracheal, paratracheal lymph nodes
- Muscles: thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid muscles
- Nerves: ansa cervicalis (C1-3)
- Organs: esophagus, trachea, thyroid gland, and the lower part of the larynx.
Submental Triangle[edit | edit source]
Borders:[1]
- Inferior - hyoid bone
- Lateral - anterior belly of digastric muscle
- Medial - midline of neck
Floor: mylohyoid muscle
Contents:[1]
- submental lymph nodes
- anterior jugular vein
Posterior Triangle[edit | edit source]
Borders:[1]
- Anterior - posterior margin of sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Posterior - anterior margin of trapezius muscle
- Inferior - middle one-third of clavicle
Two subdivisions are formed within the posterior triangle: Occipital Triangle and Subclavian/Supraclavicular Triangle
Occipital Triangle[edit | edit source]
Borders:[1]
- Anterior - posterior margin of sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Posterior - anterior margin of trapezius muscle
- Inferior - inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
Floor: levator scapulae, splenius capitis, and middle and posterior scalene muscles
Contents:
- Artery: transverse cervical artery
- Lymphatics: accessory lymph nodes and inferior deep lateral cervical lymph nodes
- Nerves: accessory nerve (CN XI), cutaneous and muscular branches of the cervical plexus, upper most part of brachial plexus, supraclavicular nerves
Subclavian/Supraclavicular/Omoclavicular Triangle[edit | edit source]
Borders: [1]
- Superior - inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
- Anterior - posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Inferior - clavicle
Contents: [1]
- Blood vessels: subclavian artery and vein
- Nerves: brachial plexus trunks and nerve to subclavius muscle
- Lymphatics: supraclavicular lymph nodes
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 Kikuta S, Iwanaga J, Kusukawa J, Tubbs RS. Triangles of the neck: a review with clinical/surgical applications. Anatomy & Cell Biology. 2019 Jun 1;52(2):120-7.
- ↑ Kohan EJ, Wirth GA. Anatomy of the neck. Clinics in plastic surgery. 2014 Jan 1;41(1):1-6.
- ↑ 5MinuteSchool. TRIANGLES OF THE NECK ANATOMY MADE EASY - EXPLAINED in 3 MINUTES!! CERVICAL TRIANGLES. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUvmlf3Wxng [last accessed 05/11/2020]
- ↑ Anatomy Knowledge. The Anterior Triangle of the Neck - Boundaries x Subdivisions | Anatomy Tutorial. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOgE2pmXfZg [last accessed 10/06/2020]
- ↑ Stathakios J, Carron MA. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Neck Triangle. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Jul 31. StatPearls Publishing.
- ↑ Casale J, Varacallo M. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Submandibular Triangle. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2022. PMID: 30521254.
- ↑ Standring S. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. 41st ed. London: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015.
- ↑ Anatomy Knowledge. The Posterior Triangle of the Neck - Boundaries & Content - Head & Neck Anatomy. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoVIk4tvX_w [last accessed 16/09/2019]
