...he therapist may refer onto Accident and Emergency, such as in the case of fractures<ref name="Chau">Chau, A. M. T., Xu, L. L., Pelzer, N. R. and Gragnaniello,
...the cervical spine clinicians should screen individuals with neck pain for cervical myelopathy, arterial dysfunction, instability and fracture<ref>Knew WW. [ht
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'''Developed by the BC Physical Therapy Cervical Spine Rule Advisory Group'''
== 1. Why use the Canadian C-Spine Rule? ==
3 KB (481 words) - 08:47, 17 April 2015
The first vertebra of the Cervical spine is also called the [[atlas]]. The atlas has in contrast to the other verteb
...jury but it is rare in children, the incidence is only 1,9% to 9,5% of all cervical injuries<ref name="p3">Fracture of the atlas through a synchondrosis of the
7 KB (1,022 words) - 17:46, 2 January 2021
...oid peg) is a protuberance (process or projection) of the [[Axis]] (second cervical vertebra). It exhibits a slight constriction or neck, where it joins the ma
=== Fractures ===
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...C3540300/ Revisiting the clinical anatomy of the alar ligaments]. European Spine Journal. 2013 Jan;22(1):60-4.</ref>.The alar and [[Transverse Ligament of t
...lexion<ref name=":0" />. Usually alar ligment ruptures occur together with fractures and other ligament injuries after trauma to the craniovertebral junction<re
3 KB (417 words) - 17:12, 16 December 2022
...vertebra) also known as epistropheus forms the pivot upon which the first cervical vertebra (the [[Atlas]]), which carries the head, rotates.<ref>Axis (anatom
...flattened where it articulates with the transverse ligament.<ref>Cervical Spine Anatomy: Overview, Gross Anatomy https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/194
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=== Head & Cervical Spine ===
...Management of Cervical Spine Stenosis|Surgical & Post-op Management of Cervical Spinal Stenosis]]
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...MC4836940/ Management of typical and atypical Hangman's fractures.] Global spine journal. 2016 May;6(03):248-56.</ref>
...nal weakened by the foramen transversarium on each side. There is no other cervical bony injury with a Hangman’s fracture.<ref name=":0">T.G. Williams. Hangm
8 KB (1,237 words) - 18:59, 19 November 2023
[[Cervical Anatomy|Cervical]] spine injury (CSI) in children is unique in both the wide anatomic differences an
...ecsei V, Gaebler C. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17297330 Cervical spine injuries in pediatric patients]. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery.
9 KB (1,360 words) - 11:31, 15 November 2023
...>S.K. Demetrios et al. It is time to reconsider the classification of dens fractures: an anatomical approach. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2008;18:189-195 [Level
...espiratory system (diaphragm).<ref>P. Holck et al. Anatomy of the cervical spine. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2010;130:29-32 [Level 1]</ref><ref>K.L. Moore et al
12 KB (1,851 words) - 22:29, 15 June 2020
...wn as the '''joint of Luschka''', and are a unique feature of the cervical spine <ref name=":0">Hartman J. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24453021/ Anatom
...enhub.com/en/library/anatomy/uncovertebral-joints Anatomy, spine and back, spine]. Kenhub; 2020 [cited 2020Sep26]. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.kenhu
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* Significant history (previous fractures or trauma, dental history, bruxism, etc.)
* cervical spine disposition
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...and reporting in orthopaedic physical therapy: application to the cervical spine. ''journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy'', ''40''(8), 455-463.<
...e Cervical Spine|cervical]] or [[Manipulation of the Lumbar Spine|lumbar]] spine dry needling. The types of adverse responses can vary greatly from mild to
5 KB (641 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
...h.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6630105/#bib0255 Is forward head posture relevant to cervical muscles performance and neck pain? A case–control study.] Brazilian journ
* Stiff upper thoracic spine or rounded upper spine causing cervical spine to hyperextend to see ahead.
8 KB (1,232 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...hey are mid to end-range facet [[Manual Techniques for the Cervicothoracic Spine|joint mobilizations]] that are applied Antero- cranially along the treatmen
* NAGS are used to increase spinal movement in the cervical region and decrease the pain associated with it.<ref>Hussain, S. I., Ahmad,
9 KB (1,277 words) - 19:30, 15 May 2023
*[[Cervical Examination|Cervical Examination]]
*[[Cervical Instability|Cervical Instability]]<br>
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*[[CPR for Cervical Radiculopathy]]
*[[Canadian c-spine rules]]
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'''C-Spine Rule Advisory Group (CRAG)'''
...R. [http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/194296 The Canadian C-spine rule for radiography in alert and stable trauma patients.] Jama. 2001 Oct 1
8 KB (1,130 words) - 23:05, 20 February 2022
* Makes upto ~7% of cervical spine fractures
# spine fracture
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'''C-Spine Rule Advisory Group (CRAG)'''
...rrent awareness, knowledge, and use of the Canadian Cervical Spine Rule (C-Spine Rule) by BC physical therapists was undertaken January 28 - May 15, 2013.
8 KB (1,174 words) - 13:38, 15 February 2022
...ion (whilst paddling) increases the demands on the structures of the upper spine and associated soft tissues.
...nsion in the thoracic, increasing the demands of extension on the cervical spine.
12 KB (1,756 words) - 22:38, 15 June 2020
* Neck pain with radiating pain ([[Cervical Radiculopathy|radicular]]).
* [[Cervical Spondylosis|Degenerative changes]]
7 KB (963 words) - 11:49, 15 November 2023
*[[Ankle & Foot Fractures|Ankle & Foot Fractures]]
*[[Avulsion Fractures of the Ankle|Avulsion Fractures of the Ankle]]
11 KB (1,341 words) - 18:21, 7 December 2023
...osis is an external aid that is used to correct and support the spine. The spine is a complex anatomical structure and is key to our function. It is not pos
* Maintains alignment of spine
18 KB (2,546 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...[[Cervical Radiculopathy|cervical radiculopathy]] or [[Cervical Myelopathy|cervical myelopathy]].
...ve changes in the cervical spine) but can also be the result of traumatic (fractures and instability) and inflammatory conditions or caused by herniated discs o
15 KB (2,175 words) - 11:37, 15 November 2023
'''Os odontoideum''' (OO) is a rare anomaly of the second cervical vertebrae characterised by a separation of a portion of the [[odontoid proc
The classification of the [[odontoid fractures]] is known as the Anderson/Alonzo classification:
12 KB (1,876 words) - 21:45, 20 October 2020
...r occipital nerve.png|thumb|Posterior primary divisions of the upper three cervical nerves.]]
...of the greater occipital nerve. Autopsy study with clinical correlations. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1991 Apr;16(4):475-8</ref> to travel to the scalp and the
9 KB (1,366 words) - 20:31, 11 March 2022
...extends downwards from the [[brainstem]] through the central column of the spine. It is a relatively small bundle of tissue (weighing 35g and just about 1cm
...west border of the first lumbar vertebra. It is enlarged at two sites, the cervical and lumbar region.
12 KB (1,785 words) - 18:31, 17 January 2023
...tissue injuries lacking evidence for fractures.<ref>Bragg KJ, Varacallo M. Cervical Sprain. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK54101
...Severity, Treatment, and Outcomes of Sciatica and Lumbar Spinal Stenosis, Spine.1996;21:2885-2892</ref> There are different grades ranging from I to IV, t
10 KB (1,440 words) - 19:47, 26 December 2023
...ment of acute traumatic central cord syndrome: a narrative review.] Global spine journal. 2019 May;9(1_suppl):89S-97S.</ref>
...w of Epidemiology, Treatment and Prognostic Factors.] JSM Neurosurgery and Spine. 2016;4:1075.</ref>
12 KB (1,608 words) - 18:00, 21 June 2023
[[File:Cervical vertebra.png|right|frameless]]
...d to as [[Cervical Radiculopathy|radiculopathy]] and [[Cervical Myelopathy|cervical spinal myelopathy]] respectively.
17 KB (2,296 words) - 17:40, 17 October 2020
...n the superior [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine and the inferior lumbar spine. It consists of 12 vertebrae that are distinct in shape and function from v
...tched on their superior and inferior surfaces, in the articulated thoracic spine, these notches form the intervertebral foramina for the passage of the thor
13 KB (1,793 words) - 12:44, 27 May 2023
* cervical dystonia,
* cervical myelopathy,
7 KB (917 words) - 19:25, 23 April 2021
...able from:https://www.smn.scot.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Vertebral-fractures-in-children.pdf [Accessed 11/3/2023]. </ref>
=== Cervical spine ===
29 KB (4,213 words) - 11:30, 12 March 2023
...o a compressed nerve root in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic area]] of the spine. This is the least common location for radiculopathy. The symptoms often fo
* The pinched nerve can occur at different areas along the thoracic spine
10 KB (1,299 words) - 12:41, 25 April 2020
...stic Value of the Quebec Classification of Whiplash-Associated Disorders.] Spine. 2001:26(1):36–41.,</ref> It was developed as an objective tool to assist
...orders: Redefining Whiplash and Its Management" by the Quebec Task Force.] Spine. 1998:23(9):1043-1049. </ref>
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...ed Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine">Ombregt, L. Applied Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine. Chapter 31 In: A System of Orthopaedic Medicine. Elsevier, 2013.</ref>
...shape and is larger than in the thoracic vertebrae but smaller than in the cervical vertebrae.
12 KB (1,649 words) - 22:08, 19 June 2023
...dure that removes a portion of a vertebra called the lamina. It is a major spine operation with residual scar tissue and may result in post-laminectomy synd
...for bilateral decompression and open laminectomy. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine. 2014 Aug 1;21(2):179-86.</ref><ref>Estefan M, GO CW. Laminectomy.</ref>
13 KB (1,759 words) - 14:43, 29 June 2023
[[File:SPINE ANATOMY.jpg|thumb]]
...t can no longer support the weight of the body through that segment of the spine.
13 KB (1,940 words) - 16:55, 2 February 2024
This guide gives a general overview of the anatomy of the thoracic spine. It also includes some facts regarding pathophysiology in this region.
The sagittal plane alignment of the Thoracic spine is on average 35% (normal range is 20° to 50°).<ref name=":2" />
20 KB (2,892 words) - 13:28, 9 April 2024
*[[Manual Therapy Techniques For The Lumbar Spine]]
* [[The Effectiveness of Manual Therapies on the Thoracic Spine]]
9 KB (1,402 words) - 09:00, 29 June 2023
...ck hump is a postural change that develops in the dorso-[[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] area due to different causes such as postural issues, some diseases, medi
...rvical anatomy]] or more pages on the [[:Category:Cervical Spine - Anatomy|cervical anatomy category]] to understand more of the relevant anatomy.
8 KB (1,138 words) - 07:21, 13 October 2023
[[File:Cervical spine.png|thumb]]
.... [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356370/ Materials for the spine: anatomy, problems, and solutions.] Materials. 2019 Jan 14;12(2):253.</ref>
39 KB (5,879 words) - 07:28, 7 May 2023
...re of the clavicle before a dislocation of the SC joint.<ref>ALLMAN JR FL. Fractures and ligamentous injuries of the clavicle and its articulation. JBJS. 1967 J
Cervical Nerves C3-C4
14 KB (1,878 words) - 11:27, 18 August 2022
...">Giles LGF, Singer KP, Vol.3: Clinical anatomy and management of cervical spine pain. Butterworth Heinemann, 2001, second edition, p.103-104</ref><ref nam
...terior longitudinal ligament is most affected at the level of the thoracic spine <ref name="p4" />.
18 KB (2,537 words) - 14:20, 29 November 2023
...e amount of force transferred from the ground and lower extremities to the spine and upper extremities.<ref name=":2" />
...the internal female genitalia in the female pelvis. See [[The Uterine And Cervical Ligaments]]
11 KB (1,495 words) - 11:51, 23 December 2021
...a are typically distinguished from common sports injuries such as sprains, fractures, and contusions.
If the force applied is strong enough, it can cause fractures in the bones of the skull, potentially leading to the impingement of brain
23 KB (3,617 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...umatic pneumorrhachis: etiology, pathomechanism, diagnosis, and treatment. Spine J. 2011 Feb;11(2):153-7. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.12.010. PMID: 21296300.
...its and a few cases are as a result of stab injuries to the lower cervical spine.<ref>Traumatic pneumorrhachis: 2 cases and review of the literature Hasan K
12 KB (1,525 words) - 11:12, 5 May 2023
...5) suggests that the leading reason to consult an ER for MSK pain includes cervical and lumbar regions. Emergency departments would benefit from an experienced
** [[Canadian C-Spine Rule|Canadian Cervical Spine Rules]]
12 KB (1,611 words) - 13:16, 19 July 2019
Burner’s syndrome is a common injury in contact sports and reflects an upper cervical root injury or a peripheral nerve dysfunction injury. It is a transient ner
...ef>. This significantly narrows the intervertebral foreman at the cervical spine, causing the compression of the nerve root <ref>Bowles DR, Canseco JA, Alex
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