Short Physical Performance Battery: Difference between revisions

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== Objective  ==
== Objective  ==
The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is a series of tests used to evaluate lower extremity function and mobility in older people <ref>SPPB Guide [Internet]. 2018 [cited 14th September 2020]. Available from: https://sppbguide.com/</ref>. The test includes three different domains (walking, sit-to-stand and balance) to assess functional mobility <ref>Cassidy B, Arena S. [https://journals.lww.com/homehealthcarenurseonline/Citation/2022/05000/The_Short_Physical_Performance_Battery_as_a.9.aspx The Short Physical Performance Battery as a Predictor of Functional Decline.] Home Healthcare Now. 2022 May 1;40(3):168-9.</ref>. This test, developed by the National Institute of Aging (NIA), can be used free of charge without permission to evaluate the lower extremity functions of elderly individuals<ref name=":0">Bellettiere J, Lamonte MJ, Unkart J, Liles S, Laddu‐Patel D, Manson JE, Banack H, Seguin‐Fowler R, Chavez P, Tinker LF, Wallace RB. [https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/JAHA.120.016845 Short physical performance battery and incident cardiovascular events among older women.] Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020 Jul 21;9(14):e016845.</ref>. In addition to the paper version, the mobile phone application is also available <ref>Short physical performance battery (SPPB) guide [Internet]. sppbguide.com. [cited 2022Nov27]. Available from: https://sppbguide.com/smart-phone-app</ref>. Training videos have been provided by NIA to administer the test in a standardised manner <ref name=":0" />.   
The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is a series of tests used to evaluate lower extremity function and [[Gait|mobility]] in [[Older People Introduction|older people]] <ref>SPPB Guide [Internet]. 2018 [cited 14th September 2020]. Available from: https://sppbguide.com/</ref>. The test includes three different domains ([[Gait|walking]], sit-to-stand and [[balance]]) to assess functional mobility <ref>Cassidy B, Arena S. [https://journals.lww.com/homehealthcarenurseonline/Citation/2022/05000/The_Short_Physical_Performance_Battery_as_a.9.aspx The Short Physical Performance Battery as a Predictor of Functional Decline.] Home Healthcare Now. 2022 May 1;40(3):168-9.</ref>. This test, developed by the National Institute of Aging (NIA), can be used free of charge without permission to evaluate the lower extremity functions of elderly individuals<ref name=":0">Bellettiere J, Lamonte MJ, Unkart J, Liles S, Laddu‐Patel D, Manson JE, Banack H, Seguin‐Fowler R, Chavez P, Tinker LF, Wallace RB. [https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/JAHA.120.016845 Short physical performance battery and incident cardiovascular events among older women.] Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020 Jul 21;9(14):e016845.</ref>. In addition to the paper version, the mobile phone application is also available <ref>Short physical performance battery (SPPB) guide [Internet]. sppbguide.com. [cited 2022Nov27]. Available from: https://sppbguide.com/smart-phone-app</ref>. Training videos have been provided by NIA to administer the test in a standardised manner <ref name=":0" />.   


== Intended Population  ==
== Intended Population  ==
The SPPB is used to assess functional mobility in community-dwelling older adults, people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), pulmonary diseases or cognitive impairment/dementia <ref>Fermont JM, Mohan D, Fisk M, Bolton CE, Macnee W, Cockcroft JR, McEniery C, Fuld J, Cheriyan J, Tal-Singer R, Müllerova H. [https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/50/3/795/5891710 Short physical performance battery as a practical tool to assess mortality risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.] Age and ageing. 2021 May;50(3):795-801.</ref><ref>Westman AW, Combs-Miller S, Moore J, Ehrlich-Jones L. [https://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993(18)30388-5/fulltext Measurement characteristics and clinical utility of the short physical performance battery among community-dwelling older adults.] Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2019 Jan 1;100(1):185-7.</ref><ref>Wu D, Smail E, Schrack J, Wanigatunga A, Kasper J, Spira A. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8679599/ Links of Short Physical Performance Battery Score with Incident Dementia: Results from the NHATS.] Innovation in Aging. 2021;5(Suppl 1):434.</ref><ref>Motl RW, Chaparro G, Hernandez ME, Balto JM, Sandroff BM. [https://journals.lww.com/jgpt/FullText/2018/07000/Physical_Function_in_Older_Adults_With_Multiple.5.aspx Physical function in older adults with multiple sclerosis: an application of the short physical performance battery.] Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy. 2018 Jul 1;41(3):155-60.</ref>.
The SPPB is used to assess functional mobility in community-dwelling [[Older People - An Introduction|older adults]], people with [[Multiple Sclerosis (MS)|Multiple Sclerosis]] (MS), [[Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation|pulmonary diseases]] or [[Cognitive Deficits|cognitive]] impairment/[[dementia]] <ref>Fermont JM, Mohan D, Fisk M, Bolton CE, Macnee W, Cockcroft JR, McEniery C, Fuld J, Cheriyan J, Tal-Singer R, Müllerova H. [https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/50/3/795/5891710 Short physical performance battery as a practical tool to assess mortality risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.] Age and ageing. 2021 May;50(3):795-801.</ref><ref>Westman AW, Combs-Miller S, Moore J, Ehrlich-Jones L. [https://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993(18)30388-5/fulltext Measurement characteristics and clinical utility of the short physical performance battery among community-dwelling older adults.] Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2019 Jan 1;100(1):185-7.</ref><ref>Wu D, Smail E, Schrack J, Wanigatunga A, Kasper J, Spira A. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8679599/ Links of Short Physical Performance Battery Score with Incident Dementia: Results from the NHATS.] Innovation in Aging. 2021;5(Suppl 1):434.</ref><ref>Motl RW, Chaparro G, Hernandez ME, Balto JM, Sandroff BM. [https://journals.lww.com/jgpt/FullText/2018/07000/Physical_Function_in_Older_Adults_With_Multiple.5.aspx Physical function in older adults with multiple sclerosis: an application of the short physical performance battery.] Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy. 2018 Jul 1;41(3):155-60.</ref>.


== Method of Use  ==
== Method of Use  ==

Revision as of 23:28, 27 November 2022

Original Editor - Ahmet Begde

Top Contributors - Ahmet Begde, Laura Ritchie, Kim Jackson and Lucinda hampton  

Objective[edit | edit source]

The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is a series of tests used to evaluate lower extremity function and mobility in older people [1]. The test includes three different domains (walking, sit-to-stand and balance) to assess functional mobility [2]. This test, developed by the National Institute of Aging (NIA), can be used free of charge without permission to evaluate the lower extremity functions of elderly individuals[3]. In addition to the paper version, the mobile phone application is also available [4]. Training videos have been provided by NIA to administer the test in a standardised manner [3].

Intended Population[edit | edit source]

The SPPB is used to assess functional mobility in community-dwelling older adults, people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), pulmonary diseases or cognitive impairment/dementia [5][6][7][8].

Method of Use[edit | edit source]

The test is easy to administer and takes approximately 10 mins. Administration instructions have been provided in detail in a CD provided by NIA. The training can also be found on Youtube (see videos below).

[9]
[10]

Reference[edit | edit source]

Equipment required:

  • Pencil
  • Stopwatch
  • Instruction tool (paper or mobile app)
  • Ruler
  • Chair


Reliability[edit | edit source]

Studies including older adults (N = 31–101, 60–90 + years of age) reported excellent interrater reliability (ICC = 0.81 to 0.91). Test-retest reliability in people with dementia is also found excellent (ICC = 0.84). Another study including people with pulmonary diseases reported excellent interrater reliability (ICC = 0.92).

Validity[edit | edit source]

Convergent validity of the SPPB was established in a 3-phase development process involving 32 health care professionals who were experts working in geriatric settings. Criterion-related validity has been supported by moderate to high correlations between BBS scores and other functional measurements in a variety of older adults with disability.


Resource[edit | edit source]


References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ SPPB Guide [Internet]. 2018 [cited 14th September 2020]. Available from: https://sppbguide.com/
  2. ↑ Cassidy B, Arena S. The Short Physical Performance Battery as a Predictor of Functional Decline. Home Healthcare Now. 2022 May 1;40(3):168-9.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bellettiere J, Lamonte MJ, Unkart J, Liles S, Laddu‐Patel D, Manson JE, Banack H, Seguin‐Fowler R, Chavez P, Tinker LF, Wallace RB. Short physical performance battery and incident cardiovascular events among older women. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020 Jul 21;9(14):e016845.
  4. ↑ Short physical performance battery (SPPB) guide [Internet]. sppbguide.com. [cited 2022Nov27]. Available from: https://sppbguide.com/smart-phone-app
  5. ↑ Fermont JM, Mohan D, Fisk M, Bolton CE, Macnee W, Cockcroft JR, McEniery C, Fuld J, Cheriyan J, Tal-Singer R, Müllerova H. Short physical performance battery as a practical tool to assess mortality risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Age and ageing. 2021 May;50(3):795-801.
  6. ↑ Westman AW, Combs-Miller S, Moore J, Ehrlich-Jones L. Measurement characteristics and clinical utility of the short physical performance battery among community-dwelling older adults. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2019 Jan 1;100(1):185-7.
  7. ↑ Wu D, Smail E, Schrack J, Wanigatunga A, Kasper J, Spira A. Links of Short Physical Performance Battery Score with Incident Dementia: Results from the NHATS. Innovation in Aging. 2021;5(Suppl 1):434.
  8. ↑ Motl RW, Chaparro G, Hernandez ME, Balto JM, Sandroff BM. Physical function in older adults with multiple sclerosis: an application of the short physical performance battery. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy. 2018 Jul 1;41(3):155-60.
  9. ↑ UCSF Division of Geriatrics. Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_rJOGhQqZ4[last accessed 14/09/20]
  10. ↑ DrJackGuralnik. SPPB tips by Dr. Jack Guralnik. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIYnOnBLJyCrlV3jW7CJSWBN0ZRLL0HqY[last accessed 14/09/20]
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