Neurological Disorders: Difference between revisions

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*[[Multiple System Atrophy|Multiple System Atrophy]]: MSA is a progressive and highly debilitating disease of the CNS that is associated with Levo-dopa unresponsive parkinsonism and cerebellar, autonomic, motor and non-motor symptoms<ref>Burns MR, McFarland NR. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s1331102000890x Current Management and Emerging Therapies in Multiple System Atrophy]. Neurotherapeutics 2020</ref>                   
*[[Multiple System Atrophy|Multiple System Atrophy]]: MSA is a progressive and highly debilitating disease of the CNS that is associated with Levo-dopa unresponsive parkinsonism and cerebellar, autonomic, motor and non-motor symptoms<ref>Burns MR, McFarland NR. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s1331102000890x Current Management and Emerging Therapies in Multiple System Atrophy]. Neurotherapeutics 2020</ref>                   
*[[Rett Syndrome]]: RTS is a rare genetic disorder causing neurodevelopmental anomalies that result in severe mental and physical disability<ref>Fonzo M, Sirico F, Corrado B. [https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10070410 Evidence-Based Physical Therapy for Individuals with Rett Syndrome: A Systematic Review]. Brain Sciences 2020; 10(7):410</ref>. It is common among females<ref>Lim J, Greenspoon D, Hunt A, McAdam L. [https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14565 Rehabilitation Interventions in Rett Syndrome: A Scoping Review.] Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2020; 62(8)</ref>                                                                                           
*[[Rett Syndrome]]: RTS is a rare genetic disorder causing neurodevelopmental anomalies that result in severe mental and physical disability<ref>Fonzo M, Sirico F, Corrado B. [https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10070410 Evidence-Based Physical Therapy for Individuals with Rett Syndrome: A Systematic Review]. Brain Sciences 2020; 10(7):410</ref>. It is common among females<ref>Lim J, Greenspoon D, Hunt A, McAdam L. [https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14565 Rehabilitation Interventions in Rett Syndrome: A Scoping Review.] Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2020; 62(8)</ref>                                                                                           
*[[Traumatic Brain Injury]]
*[[Traumatic Brain Injury]]: Occuring in both children and adults, TBI is defined  according to Menon et al "as an alteration in brain function or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force"<ref>Menon DK, Schwab K, Wright DW, Maas AI. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2010.05.017 Position Statement: Definition of Traumatic Brain Injury]. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2010; 91(Issue 11): 1637-1640.</ref>
*[[Stroke]]
*[[Stroke]]
*[[Parkinson's|Parkinson's Disease]]
*[[Parkinson's|Parkinson's Disease]]

Revision as of 17:43, 1 October 2020

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Introduction[edit | edit source]

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), neurological disorders are any diseases affecting the entirety of the nervous system (i.e. the central and peripheral nervous systems)[1]. These will be conditions involving the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction and muscles[1].

Categories of Neurological Disorders[edit | edit source]

Neurological disorders can be classified based on their affectation of the Central Nervous System (CNS) or the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). It is worthy to note that disorders of the nervous system can affect both adults and children.

Disorders of the CNS[edit | edit source]

Neurological conditions affecting the CNS include:

  • Alzheimer's Disease: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by damage to areas of the brain that are responsible for thinking, learning and memory i.e cognition[2]. This is largely due to the accumulation of certain proteins- beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles within the brain[2]. The role of physiotherapy in providing regular exercise to prevent cognitive decline in patients with AD is largely supported by evidence[3]. It achieves this largely due to factors such as neurogenesis and anti-inflamatory effects that help lower the pathophysiological hallmarks of the disease[3].
  • Multiple System Atrophy: MSA is a progressive and highly debilitating disease of the CNS that is associated with Levo-dopa unresponsive parkinsonism and cerebellar, autonomic, motor and non-motor symptoms[4]
  • Rett Syndrome: RTS is a rare genetic disorder causing neurodevelopmental anomalies that result in severe mental and physical disability[5]. It is common among females[6]
  • Traumatic Brain Injury: Occuring in both children and adults, TBI is defined according to Menon et al "as an alteration in brain function or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force"[7]
  • Stroke
  • Parkinson's Disease
  • Migraine
  • Cerebral Palsy
  • Dementia
  • Spinal Cord Injury
  • Multiple Sclerosis

[8]

Disorders of the PNS[edit | edit source]

Conditions affecting the PNS are as follows:

[9]

Relevance to the Neurophysiotherapist[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 World Health Organisation. What are neurological disorders? Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/what-are-neurological-disorders# (accessed 22 September, 2020).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Alzheimer'Association. Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimer's and Dementia; 2019 15:321-387
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Pedro LV, Adrián CG, Javier SM, Pedro DLV, Harald H, Enzo E, Simone L and Alejandro L. Exercise benefits on Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Research Reviews 2020: 62
  4. ↑ Burns MR, McFarland NR. Current Management and Emerging Therapies in Multiple System Atrophy. Neurotherapeutics 2020
  5. ↑ Fonzo M, Sirico F, Corrado B. Evidence-Based Physical Therapy for Individuals with Rett Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Brain Sciences 2020; 10(7):410
  6. ↑ Lim J, Greenspoon D, Hunt A, McAdam L. Rehabilitation Interventions in Rett Syndrome: A Scoping Review. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2020; 62(8)
  7. ↑ Menon DK, Schwab K, Wright DW, Maas AI. Position Statement: Definition of Traumatic Brain Injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2010; 91(Issue 11): 1637-1640.
  8. ↑ Matthew B. Jensen. Central Neurological Disorders. Available from: https://www.youtu.be/CqbkInUFqBo [last accessed 23/9/2020]
  9. ↑ Matthew B. Jensen. Peripheral Neurological Disorders. Available from : https://www.youtu.be/xh3xQ8Fk1-o [last accessed 23/9/2020]
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