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...tion have been described, since the time of Hippocrates, for the relief of pain.<ref name="Saunders">Saunders HD. Lumbar traction*. J Orthop Sports Phys Th ... Jacobs WC, van Limbeek J. No effect of traction in patients with low back pain: a single centre, single blind, randomized controlled trial of Intervertebr

...used on patient education, increasing cervical range of motion, decreasing pain with movement, improving balance and eye movements, aerobic exercise and fu ...hat he was taking Tylenol as needed for his headaches, which decreased his pain to 5/10. He reported that doing required readings for school was more diffi

...lling over the elbow with loss of function of the upper limb, the onset of pain holds special consideration. * It is very important to know whether the pain is due to fracture or because of muscle ischemia which has a late-onset (ho

Myalgia is generally known as a muscle ache or muscle pain. ...r or disease but rather a symptom of an existing underlying condition. The pain in the muscle can last a few days or longer.

...><ref name=":4">César Fernàndez et al.; Manual Therapy for Musculoskeletal Pain Syndromes; Elsevier, 2016&nbsp;</ref> ...location of the nerve and/or vessel involvement. Symptoms range from mild pain and sensory changes to limb-threatening complications in severe cases.

...journalofphysiotherapy.com/article/S1836-9553(11)70045-5/fulltext Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)] * [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Numeric_Pain_Rating_Scale Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)]

...pasms found in the cervical musculature. Outcome measures indicated severe pain with moderate irritability as well as impaired quality of life. Patient als ...An overview from pathophysiology to pharmacological treatments. Molecular pain. 2020 Jan;16:1744806920901890.</ref> |alt=|450x450px]]

[[File:Shoulder Pain.png|right|frameless]] * External impingement/[[Subacromial Pain Syndrome|Subacromial impingement syndrome]]

...l neuralgia or tailbone pain, is the term used to describe the symptoms of pain that occur in the region of the coccyx.<ref name=":0">Patel R, Appannagari ...iduals, management can be difficult due to the complex nature of coccygeal pain.<ref name=":3" />

...joint involved. Non-traumatic cases will typically present with mechanical pain of variable onset and severity and often difficult to localize. In early di Symptoms include [[Pain Assessment|pain]] and decreased range of motion in the affected joint. In some cases, the c

...h rates of asymptomatic degeneration in the young complicates causality in pain diagnosis.<ref name=":4" /> ...luate the possibility of adult onset lumbar spondylosis as a cause of back pain]. Skeletal Radiol. 2010;39(7):669-73. Doi: 10.1007/s00256-009-0825-4.

...al Therapy and Exercise Intervention in the Treatment of Shoulder and Neck Pain in a Patient with Mental Health Comorbidities: A Case Report|Open Peer Revi ...the patient had improved shoulder and neck ROM, pain level, DASH and Neck Pain Disability Scale scores, but adherence to appointments and exercise were lo

...101535.</ref>. Spondylolysis is a common cause of [[Low Back Pain|low back pain.]] * Low back pain primarily worsening with extension-related activities<ref name=":1" />

...ciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0733861922000585?via%3Dihub Back pain: differential diagnosis and management]. Neurol Clin. 2023 Feb;41(1):61-76. ...mulate hypothetical diagnoses about the potential pathoanatomical cause of pain:<ref name=":2">Cunningham S. Lumbar Spine Evaluation Course. Plus, 2024.</r

...revention in Low Back Pain. European guidelines for prevention in low back pain: November 2004. European Spine Journal. 2006 Mar;15(Suppl 2):s136.</ref> ...Dydyk AM, Varacallo M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538173/ Back Pain.] StatPearls [Internet]. 2022 Feb 22. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.n

...ubanks">Eubanks J. Cervical Radiculopathy: Nonoperative Management of Neck Pain and Radicular Symptoms. Am Fam Physician. 2010 Jan 1;81(1):33-40.</ref> ...nks,JD">Eubanks, JD.Cervical Radiculopathy:Nonoperative Management of Neck Pain and Radicular Symptoms.American Family Physician 2010;81,33-40</ref> Those

...ld M, Mckenna L. Scapular dyskinesis increases the risk of future shoulder pain by 43% in asymptomatic athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bri ...rticles/PMC6701878/ Scapular Dyskinesia, the forgotten culprit of shoulder pain and how to rehabilitate.] SICOT-J. 2019;5.</ref>

...Pain: A One Year Prospective Outcome Study Using Discoblock for Diagnosis. Pain Physician 2013. </ref>&nbsp; ...vertebral disc, sensory nerves and neurotrophins: who is who in discogenic pain? J Anat. 2010 July; 217(1): 1–15. </ref>&nbsp;

...teraction between the key muscles of respiration.<ref>Perri MA, Halford E. Pain and faulty breathing: a pilot study. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Thera ...nspiration and expiration strength could be lessened in patients with neck pain.<ref name=":0">A. Legrand, E. Schneider, P.A. Gevenois, A. De Troyer

...rving and assessing client be aware of the common causes of thoracic spine pain, so you can screen for them, beginning the elimination process towards diag * [[Thoracic Back Pain Red Flags|Red flags]] eg cardiac or lung conditions ([[pneumothorax]], [[Pu