Triangles of the Neck: Difference between revisions
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The neck is limited<ref name=":0" />: | The neck is limited<ref name=":0" />: | ||
* superiorly by the inferior border of the mandible | * superiorly by the inferior border of the [[mandible]] | ||
* anteriorly by midline of the neck | * anteriorly by midline of the neck | ||
* inferiorly by the superior border of the clavicle | * inferiorly by the superior border of the [[clavicle]] | ||
* posteriorly by the anterior margin of the trapezius muscle. | * posteriorly by the anterior margin of the [[trapezius]] muscle. | ||
== Anterior Triangle == | == Anterior Triangle == | ||
Borders:<ref name=":0" /><ref>Stathakios J, Carron MA. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554398/#:~:text=Anterior%20Triangle,border%20of%20the%20sternocleidomastoid%20muscle. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Neck Triangle]. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Jul 31. StatPearls Publishing.</ref> | Borders:<ref name=":0" /><ref>Stathakios J, Carron MA. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554398/#:~:text=Anterior%20Triangle,border%20of%20the%20sternocleidomastoid%20muscle. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Neck Triangle]. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Jul 31. StatPearls Publishing.</ref> | ||
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''The Anterior Triangle has an apex that extends to the manubrium of sternum. It is made up of three paired triangles: submandibular (digastric), carotid, and muscular (omotracheal/infrahyoid) triangles, and one unpaired triangle: submental triangle.'' | ''The Anterior Triangle has an apex that extends to the manubrium of [[sternum]]. It is made up of three paired triangles: submandibular (digastric), carotid, and muscular (omotracheal/infrahyoid) triangles, and one unpaired triangle: submental triangle.'' | ||
=== Submandibular/Digastric Triangle === | === Submandibular/Digastric Triangle === | ||
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* Superior - inferior border of mandible | * Superior - inferior border of mandible | ||
* Anterior - anterior belly of digastric muscle | * Anterior - anterior belly of [[Digastric Muscle|digastric]] muscle | ||
* Posterior - posterior belly of digastric muscle | * Posterior - posterior belly of digastric muscle | ||
* Inferior - hyoid bone | * Inferior - [[Hyoid Bone|hyoid]] bone | ||
Floor: mylohyoid muscle | Floor: [[Mylohyoid Muscle|mylohyoid]] muscle | ||
Contents:<ref name=":0" /> | Contents:<ref name=":0" /> | ||
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* Glands and lymphatics: submandibular gland and lymph nodes, lower pole of the parotid gland. | * Glands and lymphatics: submandibular gland and lymph nodes, lower pole of the parotid gland. | ||
* Blood vessels: facial, lingual and submental arteries and veins | * Blood vessels: facial, lingual and submental arteries and veins | ||
* Nerves: marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, nerve to the mylohyoid, hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) | * Nerves: marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, nerve to the mylohyoid, [[Hypoglossal Nerve|hypoglossal nerve]] (CN XII) | ||
=== Carotid Triangle === | === Carotid Triangle === | ||
Borders:<ref name=":0" /> | Borders:<ref name=":0" /> | ||
* Superior - stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric muscles | * Superior - [[stylohyoid]] and posterior belly of digastric muscles | ||
* Anterior - superior belly of omohyoid muscle | * Anterior - superior belly of omohyoid muscle | ||
* Posterior - anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle | * Posterior - anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle | ||
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* Arteries: common carotid and its bifurcation into internal and external carotid arteries, superior thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, and ascending pharyngeal arteries | * Arteries: common carotid and its bifurcation into internal and external carotid arteries, superior thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, and ascending pharyngeal arteries | ||
* Veins: internal jugular, superior thyroid, lingual, facial, ascending pharyngeal, and occipital veins | * Veins: internal jugular, superior thyroid, lingual, facial, ascending pharyngeal, and occipital veins | ||
* Nerves: external and internal branches of the superior laryngeal nerve arising from the vagus nerve (CN X), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII). | * Nerves: external and internal branches of the superior laryngeal nerve arising from the [[Vagus Nerve|vagus]] nerve (CN X), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII). | ||
=== Muscular Triangle === | === Muscular Triangle === | ||
Borders:<ref name=":0" /><ref>Standring S. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. 41st ed. London: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015.</ref> | Borders:<ref name=":0" /><ref>Standring S. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. 41st ed. London: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015.</ref> | ||
* Anterior- midline of neck | |||
* Inferoposterior- anterior margin of the | |||
* Inferoposterior- anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle | |||
* Posterosuperior- superior belly of the omohyoid muscle | * Posterosuperior- superior belly of the omohyoid muscle | ||
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* Muscles: thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid muscles | * Muscles: thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid muscles | ||
* Nerves: ansa cervicalis (C1-3) | * Nerves: ansa cervicalis (C1-3) | ||
* Organs: esophagus, trachea, thyroid gland, and the lower part of the larynx. | * Organs: esophagus, [[Trachea and Larynx|trachea]], [[Thyroid Gland|thyroid]] gland, and the lower part of the [[Trachea and Larynx|larynx]]. | ||
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* Artery: transverse cervical artery | * Artery: transverse cervical artery | ||
* Lymphatics: | * Lymphatics: accessory lymph nodes and inferior deep lateral cervical lymph nodes | ||
* Nerves: | * Nerves: accessory nerve (CN XI), cutaneous and muscular branches of the [[Cervical Plexus|cervical plexus]], upper most part of [[brachial plexus]], supraclavicular nerves | ||
=== Subclavian/Supraclavicular/Omoclavicular Triangle === | === Subclavian/Supraclavicular/Omoclavicular Triangle === | ||
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* Nerves: brachial plexus trunks and nerve to subclavius muscle | * Nerves: brachial plexus trunks and nerve to subclavius muscle | ||
* Lymphatics: supraclavicular lymph nodes | * Lymphatics: supraclavicular lymph nodes | ||
== References == | |||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Cervical Spine - Anatomy]] | |||
[[Category:Anatomical Landmarks]] | |||
[[Category:Anatomy]] |
Revision as of 17:50, 28 December 2022
Description[edit | edit source]
The neck, as a geometric region, can be clinically divided using anatomical triangles. The sternocleidomastoid muscle obliquely crosses the neck to form the division between the two major neck triangles: anterior triangle and posterior triangle. Both triangles are further divided into sub-triangles: [2][3]
- Anterior Triangle
- Digastric/Submandibular Triangle
- Carotid Triangle
- Muscular Triangle
- Submental Triangle
- Posterior Triangle
- Occipital Triangle
- Subclavian/Supraclavicular
The neck is limited[2]:
- superiorly by the inferior border of the mandible
- anteriorly by midline of the neck
- inferiorly by the superior border of the clavicle
- posteriorly by the anterior margin of the trapezius muscle.
Anterior Triangle[edit | edit source]
- Superior border - inferior border of mandible
- Medial border- midline of neck
- Lateral border- anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
The Anterior Triangle has an apex that extends to the manubrium of sternum. It is made up of three paired triangles: submandibular (digastric), carotid, and muscular (omotracheal/infrahyoid) triangles, and one unpaired triangle: submental triangle.
Submandibular/Digastric Triangle[edit | edit source]
- Superior - inferior border of mandible
- Anterior - anterior belly of digastric muscle
- Posterior - posterior belly of digastric muscle
- Inferior - hyoid bone
Floor: mylohyoid muscle
Contents:[2]
- Glands and lymphatics: submandibular gland and lymph nodes, lower pole of the parotid gland.
- Blood vessels: facial, lingual and submental arteries and veins
- Nerves: marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, nerve to the mylohyoid, hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Carotid Triangle[edit | edit source]
Borders:[2]
- Superior - stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric muscles
- Anterior - superior belly of omohyoid muscle
- Posterior - anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
Floor: hyoglossus, thyrohyoid, and inferior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles
Contents:[2]
- Arteries: common carotid and its bifurcation into internal and external carotid arteries, superior thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, and ascending pharyngeal arteries
- Veins: internal jugular, superior thyroid, lingual, facial, ascending pharyngeal, and occipital veins
- Nerves: external and internal branches of the superior laryngeal nerve arising from the vagus nerve (CN X), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
Muscular Triangle[edit | edit source]
- Anterior- midline of neck
- Inferoposterior- anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Posterosuperior- superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
Contents:[2]
- Blood vessels: superior thyroid artery, anterior jugular and inferior thyroid veins
- Lymphatics: anterior cervical, infrahyoid, prelaryngeal, thyroid, pretracheal, paratracheal lymph nodes
- Muscles: thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid muscles
- Nerves: ansa cervicalis (C1-3)
- Organs: esophagus, trachea, thyroid gland, and the lower part of the larynx.
Submental Triangle[edit | edit source]
Borders:[2]
- Inferior - hyoid bone
- Lateral - anterior belly of digastric muscle
- Medial - midline of neck
Floor: mylohyoid muscle
Contents:[2]
- submental lymph nodes
- anterior jugular vein
Posterior Triangle[edit | edit source]
Borders:[2]
- Anterior - posterior margin of sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Posterior - anterior margin of trapezius muscle
- Inferior - middle one-third of clavicle
Two subdivisions are formed within the posterior triangle: Occipital Triangle and Subclavian/Supraclavicular Triangle
Occipital Triangle[edit | edit source]
Borders:[2]
- Anterior - posterior margin of sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Posterior - anterior margin of trapezius muscle
- Inferior - inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
Floor: levator scapulae, splenius capitis, and middle and posterior scalene muscles
Contents:
- Artery: transverse cervical artery
- Lymphatics: accessory lymph nodes and inferior deep lateral cervical lymph nodes
- Nerves: accessory nerve (CN XI), cutaneous and muscular branches of the cervical plexus, upper most part of brachial plexus, supraclavicular nerves
Subclavian/Supraclavicular/Omoclavicular Triangle[edit | edit source]
Borders: [2]
- Superior - inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
- Anterior - posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Inferior - clavicle
Contents: [2]
- Blood vessels: subclavian artery and vein
- Nerves: brachial plexus trunks and nerve to subclavius muscle
- Lymphatics: supraclavicular lymph nodes
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 5MinuteSchool. TRIANGLES OF THE NECK ANATOMY MADE EASY - EXPLAINED in 3 MINUTES!! CERVICAL TRIANGLES. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUvmlf3Wxng [last accessed 05/11/2020]
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 Kikuta S, Iwanaga J, Kusukawa J, Tubbs RS. Triangles of the neck: a review with clinical/surgical applications. Anatomy & Cell Biology. 2019 Jun 1;52(2):120-7.
- ↑ Kohan EJ, Wirth GA. Anatomy of the neck. Clinics in plastic surgery. 2014 Jan 1;41(1):1-6.
- ↑ Stathakios J, Carron MA. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Neck Triangle. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Jul 31. StatPearls Publishing.
- ↑ Casale J, Varacallo M. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Submandibular Triangle. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2022. PMID: 30521254.
- ↑ Standring S. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. 41st ed. London: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015.