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*[[Lumbar Examination|Lumbar Examination]] **Lumbar shear test

...ch provide cushioning between the vertebrae and absorb pressure put on the spine. It is a nearly universal condition in those who reach advanced age, but it ...023, July 12. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/249036-overview]</ref>. Although some people experience no symptoms, others may fee

...scopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2022 Apr 1;38(4):1189-92.</ref> ...e.] Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports. 2019 Sep 15;7:264-74.</ref>

.... It is a test that is simple to administer with excellent inter and intra-rater reliability, validity, and responsiveness. <br> Musculoskeletal conditions of the lumbar-pelvic region eg

...ght|frameless]]The Kemp test (also known as the quadrant test and extension-rotation test) is a provocative test useful for diagnosing pain related to [ ...e (used for the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]] or the [[Lumbar|lumbar spine]]).

...onnect the spine to the pelvis, facilitating load transfer from the lumbar spine to the lower extremities. The majority of low back pain (LBP) is perceived to arise from the lumbar spine, but another likely source of LBP that is largely overlooked is the SIJ.

...2012, Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, SPINE vol 37, Number 19, pp E1189-E1196 (level of Evidence: 1B)</ref>. ...fications Revisited-What Are We Actually Measuring? Computerized Tomography-Based Analysis]. J Clin Med. 2022;11(23).</ref>.

...ral shift is often seen with an acute onset of back pain with or without [[Lumbar Radiculopathy|radicular]] symptoms. The shift can occur towards the side of ...enzie method. ''The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society'', ''8''(1), 134–141. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.20

...y combining the anterior rami of the L1 and L2 spinal nerves at the lumbar spine. Descending through the retroperitoneum, it divides into genital and femora [[File:Lumbar Plexus Gray.png|none|thumb]]

...has a uniform width over the bodies and discs, but in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] region the ligament is widest at the levels of the intervertebral discs w ...a serrated edge<ref>https://radiopaedia.org/articles/posterior-longitudinal-ligament</ref>.

...nt Biomechanics and Mechanotransduction in Normal, Injury and Degenerative Conditions. J Biomech Eng. 2011 July; 133(7): 71010–NaN.</ref>. ...is rather flat in the cervical and thoracic regions and more convex in the lumbar region. The opposing inferior facet of the superior vertebra is concave and

[[File:Spine anatomy.jpg|thumb|Lumbosacral spine]] [[File:Annular-bulge-disc-rev.jpg|thumb|Annular IV disc bulge]]

...linician. Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease. 2012 Apr;4(2):61-76. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383520/ (access ...ystems-1417/bone-development-1497/bone-tissue-and-the-effects-of-aging-1500-11222/</ref> The reasons for this are multi factorial, including:.

...oney V . [https://www.elsevier.com/books/movement-stability-and-lumbopelvic-pain/9780443101786 Movement, Stability & Lumbopelvic Pain 2nd Edition] . Ph ...ligamentum flavum, causing pretension in the neutral position (interspinous-supraspinous thoracolumbar ligamentous complex)<ref name=":0" />

...Contributors''' -{{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}<span style="line-height: 1.5em;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> ...eophyte-2 Osteophyte] Available:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/osteophyte-2 (accessed 7.9.2022)</ref>

...PV. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2953347/ Alternative pop-up for surfers with low back pain.] North American journal of sports physica ...'(4), pp.394-401. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1809-29502016000400394&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en#B3 (last accessed 16.9.2019)</r

..., Published in India by arrangement with Baillier Tindall, london 2005 p 33-37 </ref> !Spine

In your small groups (max 4), which you will have self-selected at the start of the module, you will work collaboratively to develo ...xercise compliance in patients with low back pain – could look at specific conditions, and look at barriers and facilitators <br>14. The relationship between fit

<div class="pp-no-course-suggestions pp-no-article-suggestions"></div> ==Disease and Conditions==

...(osteoligamentous spine), and neural components is necessary to prevent [[Lumbar Instability|instability]]. [[File:Testing lumbar flexion.jpg|thumb|Lumbosacral flexion]]

...rtant to be able to recognise the red flags that could point towards these conditions. ...l causes of back pain. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine 2007;74(12):905-13.</ref> summarised examples of medical causes of back pain, and the sympto

...nerves Available: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/nerves-innervation-of-the-spine/<nowiki/>(accessed 6.2.2022)</ref> ...inal Nerves Available: https://www.verywellhealth.com/spinal-nerves-anatomy-4682599<nowiki/>(accessed 6.2.2022)</ref>

...acrospinous ligament]]<nowiki/>s. They help stabilise the&nbsp;lumbosacral spine on the [[pelvis]].<ref>A STUDY OF ITS ANATOMY. DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL SIG ....<ref>http://www.medic8.com/healthguide/sports-medicine/iliolumbar-ligament-injury.html</ref>[[Image:IMG_9766.jpg|right|300x300px]]

...tematic review and meta-analysis. The Spine Journal. 2018 Dec 1;18(12):2266-77.</ref> ...rapist]] can be accessed in Physiopedia where [[MRI Scans|MRI]], [[X-Rays|X-rays]], [[CT Scans|CT scans]], and bone scans are discussed.

...al of Physiotherapy. He is also the author of two books:<ref name="mulligan-5">Manual therapy NAGS,SNAGS,MWMS,etc by Brian R.Mulligan, 5th edition, 2004 ...of the extremities and SNAGS (sustained natural apophyseal glides) of the spine were first coined by Brian R. Mulligan <ref>Mulligan, BR: Manual Therapy �

...y] based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/instructor/nick-rainey// Nick Rainey]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{ ...ironment).<ref>M.Hancock. Approach to low back pain. RACGP, 2014, 43(3):117-118.</ref>

...fessional Road Cyclists.] The American journal of sports medicine. 38. 2494-501. 10.1177/0363546510376816. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/ # Back posture on the bicycle can strain the lower back (lumbar spine flexed) so a long time in the saddle can take its toll on the back.

...ck pain. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics. 2014 May 1;25(2):305-17.</ref>. ...m/index.php/Intervertebral_disc intervertebral disc] and [[Biomechanics of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation]]

[[File:Facet-joints.png|thumb|Facet joints]] ...e world demands a rise in manual labour and brings many threats to the well-being of the workers corroborated by the rise of many musculoskeletal disord

...rt of a patient specific measure]. Physiotherapy canada. 1995 Oct;47(4):258-63.</ref> ...es in chronic low back pain.] European Spine Journal. 2010 Sep 1;19(9):1484-94.</ref>

...Brussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel Evidence-Based Practice Project]] [[File:Baastrup-disease-1.jpeg|thumb|Baastrup syndrome with active inflammation (e.g. bursitis)|alt=

...ussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]] [[File:SPINE ANATOMY.jpg|thumb]]

...ation model whose time has come. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007;37(11):658-660.</ref> For example, patients who complain of [[Low Back Pain|LBP]] may a ...k pain: a distal link to a proximal problem. J Sport Rehabil. 2009;18(1):24-32.</ref>

...ay or may not experience back pain along with radiculopathy, but roughly 12-40% of people with back pain also experience radiculopathy symptoms.<ref nam ...and quality of life versus routine physical therapy alone in patients with lumbar radiculopathy; a randomized controlled trial]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 20

...Spinal Manipulation Available: https://www.spine-health.com/glossary/spinal-manipulation (accessed 13.6.2021)</ref>. ...rapy,” Journal of Orthop Sports Physical Therapy 37, no. 6 (June 2007): 290-302.</ref> &nbsp;:

...et al 2016). Cricketers mainly sustain non-contact injuries to the lumbar spine (1.1 - 3.4 injuries per squad per season) and the lower limb (0.3 - 5.9 inj # Scientific evaluation (intervention efficacy assessment under "ideal conditions")

...k), 12 in the thoracic region (middle back), and 5 in the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar region]] (lower back).   ...at deal of strength. They also provide a shock-absorbing effect within the spine and prevent the vertebrae from grinding together. They consist of three maj

...tion of the Arthritis Research UK Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) for use across musculoskeletal care pathways. BMJ Open 2016 Aug;6(8):e01 ...estionnaire that is responsive to change across a range of musculoskeletal conditions over the course of treatment, with patients reporting that the outcome meas

...n early fetal development and in turn cause structural problems within the spine and spinal cord. These deformities can range from mild to severe and may ca ...tal spinal deformities Available:https://khavkinclinic.com/congential-spine-deformities/ (accessed 10.10.2021)</ref>

...control study.] Brazilian journal of physical therapy. 2019 Jul 1;23(4):346-54. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6630105/#bi * Stiff upper thoracic spine or rounded upper spine causing cervical spine to hyperextend to see ahead.

...LLIF and ALIF, ''3''(1), 2–18. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2414-469X.2015.10.05</nowiki></ref>. ...ce after discectomy<ref name=":1" /> and successful union of two or more [[Lumbar Vertebrae|vertebra]]<ref name=":0" />.

...reased flexion of the hips, and a compensatory hyperlordosis in the lumbar spine. There is co-existing over activity and tightness of the&nbsp;thoracolumbar extensors: [[

...ns]] and [[User:Marie Avau|Marie Avau]] Debby Decock, Farrie Bakalli, Laure-Anne Callewaert '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGEN [[File:Lumbar spondylosis2.JPG|right|frameless|400x400px]]

...ussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]]. ..., Kavishwar RA, Shetty AP, Shanmuganathan R. Spondylolysis of the Thoracic Spine with Instability: A Rare Cause for Myelopathy. JBJS Case Connector. 2022 Ja

...Joints|Facet]] arthrosis is a painful [[arthritis]]-like condition of the spine caused by degeneration of the joints between the spinal bones. ...Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/facet-arthropathy-treatment-190440</ref> [[File:Facet Joints Anatomy.jpeg|thumb|200x200px]]

...ck Pain Authority. Available from: https://www.cure-back-pain.org/fractured-coccyx.html (last accessed 4.12.2019)</ref> ...7. Available from: https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/full/10.1302/0301-620X.92B12.25486 (last accessed 4.12.2019)</ref>.

...Binkley et al. (1999) in a group of patients with various musculoskeletal conditions.<ref name="Binkley et al." /> The scale is originally developed in English ...figure/Source-originale-Binkley-JM-Stratford-PW-Lott-SA-Riddle-DL-The-Lower-Extremity_fig1_221874838 (accessed on 29 August 2018)</ref><br>

The [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] supports much of the upper body's weight. [[Intervertebral disc|Intervert ...tebral column. This article discusses the key anatomical structures of the lumbar vertebrae and abdominal wall, including the bony structures, articulations,

Valsalva maneuver VM non-invasive test was described for the first time by Antonio Maria Valsalva an ...: physiology and clinical examples]. Acta physiologica. 2016 Jun;217(2):103-19.</ref>.

...calsportsmedicine.com/the-patient-that-every-other-health-professional-cant-fix The patient who every other health professional can't fix...2012] (last ...0">Brukner P. Khan K. Clinical Sports Medicine. 3rd edition. Sydney: McGraw-Hill 2006.</ref>