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Many [[Lumbar Anatomy|lower back]] injuries come about as a result of poor lifting techniques, something that physiothe ...heavy items is one of the leading causes of [[Work-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries and Prevention|injury in the workplace]].

...rts training. During the time away from National Training Alan had 2 major injuries. ...n, that remained in place for 3 months. He felt a subluxation at the right shoulder with significant pain and had to stop playing. Rested for 1-2 weeks with on

...bert SM, Gerber C. Lag signs in the diagnosis of rotator cuff rupture. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1996 Jul-Aug:5(4):307-313]</ref><ref name="Miller">[http://www ...youtube|3pzE4Uptx6o|300}}<ref>CRTechnologies. Internal Rotation Lag Sign - Shoulder Test. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3pzE4Uptx6o, last acce

== Common injuries == ...<ref>Meron, A., & Saint-Phard, D. (2017). Track and Field Throwing Sports: Injuries and Prevention. ''Current sports medicine reports'', ''16''(6), 391–396.

...thopedic diseases. Manual examinations of shoulder labral and rotator cuff injuries are scattered, but are not conclusive enough to warrant surgery. ...kness. It was suggested that throwing the ball puts a lot of stress on the shoulder joint.

...t act around the [[Glenohumeral Joint|glenohumeral joint]] to facilitate [[shoulder]] movement<ref name=":0">Radiopedia [https://radiopaedia.org/articles/teres ...limbing, tennis, wood-chopping, [[Swimming: Freestyle|swimming]], [[Rowing Injuries Project|rowing]].<ref name="Travell">Travell JG, Simons DG, Simons LS (1998

...2) [[shoulder]] impingement, (3) rotator cuff injuries, (4) Glenoid labrum injuries, (5) [[clavicle]] fracture and (6) [[Nerve Injury Rehabilitation|nerve]]-re ...he scapular position<ref>Morais N, Cruz J. The pectoralis minor muscle and shoulder movement-related impairments and pain: Rationale, assessment and management

[[File:Anterior-shoulder-dislocation-1.jpeg|thumb|Anterior-shoulder-dislocation|alt=|331x331px]] ...=":1">Abrams R, Akbarnia H. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459125/ Shoulder dislocations overview.] InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Aug 13. StatPearls Pub

...Mudreac A, Kiel J. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513344/ Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Subscapularis Muscle.] StatPearls [Internet]. 2020 Aug 10.< ...face of the scapula).<ref name=":2">Aguirre K, Mudreac A, Kiel J. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, subscapularis muscle. StatPearls Publishing; 2023.</ref>

...d can occur as either isolated injuries, or combined with other structural injuries <ref>Aronson PA, Gieck JH, Hertel J, Rijke AM, Ingersoll CD. [https://merid ...al collateral ligament: magnetic resonance imaging findings and associated injuries]. Canadian Association of Radiologists journal= Journal l'Association canad

...ar Joint, or AC Joint, is one of four joints that comprises the [[Shoulder|Shoulder]] complex. The AC Joint is formed by the junction of the lateral clavicle a ...<ref>Inman VT, Saunders JB, Abbott LC. Observations of the function of the shoulder joint. 1944. ''Clin Orthop Relat Res''. 1996;(330):3-12.</ref> Motion of th

[[File:Overhead shoulder.jpg|thumb|alt=|shoulder overhead sport ]] ...://www.scielo.br/j/rbfis/a/7XDTVZYkJK6sQJLhSvGJQFz/ Prevention of shoulder injuries in overhead athletes: a science-based approach.] Brazilian journal of physi

...d their tendons, which provide strength and stability during motion to the shoulder complex. They are also referred to as the SITS muscle, with reference to th ...n each of the four muscles are vital to maintain functioning of the entire shoulder girdle.&nbsp;

...vailable from: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/scapular-shoulder-blade-disorders#:~:text=The%20scapula%2C%20or%20shoulder%20blade,help%20you ...://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/scapula-fracture-shoulder-blade-fracture#:~:text=What%20is%20a%20scapula%20fracture,from%20the%20back

...ace with reference to quadrilateral space syndrome] [Internet]. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. Mosby; 2007 [cited 2021Nov16]. Available from: <nowiki>h *** innervates deltoid, teres minor, provides sensation to lateral shoulder

...ck M, Varacallo M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519538/ Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Biceps Muscle.] [Updated 2021 Aug 11]. In: StatPearls [Inte ...ntz MA, Bordoni B. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551630/ Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Brachialis Muscle.] Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

[[File:Shoulder dislocation, anteroposterior after reduction, with Bankart and Hill-Sachs l ...r S (2006). Correlation between Bankart and Hill-Sachs lesions in anterior shoulder dislocation. ANZ J Surg 76 (6): 436–8.</ref>

...n (also known as the arm pit) is a pyramid-shaped area located between the shoulder girdle and thorax. It serves as a space for neurovascular and lymphatic str ...r subscapular,''' and '''thoracodorsal nerves,''' supplying muscles of the shoulder girdle and chest as well as sensation to certain areas of the upper extremi

[[File:Shoulder bursa.jpg|357x357px|alt=|thumb|The shoulder joint has many ligaments]] Ligaments are most often torn in traumatic joint injuries that can result in either partial or complete ligament discontinuities. The

...s In Sport|biomechanics]]. The most common swimming injury regions are the shoulder, neck, lower back and knee. ...SA. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3435931/ Epidemiology of injuries and prevention strategies in competitive swimmers]. Sports health. 2012 May