Posture: Difference between revisions
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'''Original Editor '''- The [[Open Physio]] project. | '''Original Editor '''- The [[Open Physio]] project. | ||
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= Posture = | |||
Posture is the attitude assumed by body either when the body is stationary or when it is moving. Posture is attained as a result of co-ordinated action of various muscles working to maintain stability. <ref>Gardiner MD. The principles of exercise therapy. Bell; 1957.</ref>. Posture in easy terms can be understood as the position in which you hold your body when standing or sitting. | |||
== Types of Postures<ref>Gardiner MD. The principles of exercise therapy. Bell; 1957. | |||
Levangie PK, Norkin CC. Joint structure and function: a comprehensive analysis. FA Davis; 2011 Mar 9.</ref> == | |||
The posture are basically divided in to two types: | |||
*Inactive | |||
*Active | |||
#Static | |||
#Dynamic | |||
Inactive postures- These are postures or attitudes adopted for resting or sleeping. They require theoretically minimal muscle activity, and are usually assumed in need of relaxation. | |||
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== Ideal posture == | == Ideal posture == | ||
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*Penny, N. & Moore, A. (1998). Neuromusculoskeletal examination and assessment. Churchill livinstone. ISBN | *Penny, N. & Moore, A. (1998). Neuromusculoskeletal examination and assessment. Churchill livinstone. ISBN 0443059802. | ||
[[Category:Open_Physio]] | [[Category:Open_Physio]] | ||
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Posture [edit | edit source]
Posture is the attitude assumed by body either when the body is stationary or when it is moving. Posture is attained as a result of co-ordinated action of various muscles working to maintain stability. [1]. Posture in easy terms can be understood as the position in which you hold your body when standing or sitting.
Types of Postures[2][edit | edit source]
The posture are basically divided in to two types:
- Inactive
- Active
- Static
- Dynamic
Inactive postures- These are postures or attitudes adopted for resting or sleeping. They require theoretically minimal muscle activity, and are usually assumed in need of relaxation.
Ideal posture[edit | edit source]
On examination the body should be viewed from four aspects; anteriorly, posteriorly, right and left. The ideal "normal" erect posture is one in which the line of gravity (the vertical line drawn through the body's Centre of gravity) when viewed from each side runs:
- Through the mastoid process.
- Just anteriorly the shoulder joint.
- Through (or just posteriorly) the hip joint.
- Just anterior to the centre of the knee joint.
- Approximately 5 centimetres anteriorly to the ankle joint.
When viewed from either the front or the back, the vertical line passing through the body's centre of gravity should theoretically bisect the body into two equal halves, with the body weight distributed evenly between the two feet.
Muscle action in posture[edit | edit source]
The balanced posture of the body reduces the work done by the muscles in maintaining it in an erect posture. It has been determined (using electromyography) that, in general:
- The intrinsic muscles of the feet are quiescent, because of the support provided by the ligaments.
- Soleus is constantly active because gravity tends to pull the body forward over the feet. Gastrocnemius and the deep posterior tibial muscles are less frequently active.
- Tibialis anterior is quiescent (unless high heels are being worn).
- Quadriceps and the Hamstrings are generally quiescent.
- Iliopsoas is constantly active.
- Gluteus maximus is quiescent.
- Gluteus medius and tensor fascia latae are active to counteract lateral postural sway.
- Erector spinae is active, counteracting gravity's pull forwards.
- The abdominal muscles remain quiescent, although the lower fibres of the Internal obliques are active in order to protect the inguinal canal.
Examples of different postures[edit | edit source]
Sway back posture[edit | edit source]
Upper (shoulder) crossed syndrome[edit | edit source]
Lower (pelvic) crossed syndrome[edit | edit source]
Kyphosis-lordosis posture[edit | edit source]
Layer syndrome[edit | edit source]
Flat back posture[edit | edit source]
Sway back posture[edit | edit source]
Handedness posture[edit | edit source]
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
References will automatically be added here, see adding references tutorial.
- Penny, N. & Moore, A. (1998). Neuromusculoskeletal examination and assessment. Churchill livinstone. ISBN 0443059802.
