Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus Muscle: Difference between revisions

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== Description  ==
== Description  ==
The peroneus longus muscle, also known as fibularis longus lies superficially at the lateral part of the lower leg. Together with [[peroneus brevis]] and [[Peroneus Tertius|peroneus tertius]], it forms the three peroneal muscles. It is the longer and more superficial of the muscles.  
The Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus muscle, along with the [[peroneus brevis|Peroneus Brevis]] muscle make up the lateral compartment of the lower leg. The Peroneus Longus lies superficial to the Peroneus Brevis and is the largest of the Peroneal muscles.<ref>Lezak B, Summers S. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546650/ Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle]. August 2020</ref> The Peroneal Longus extends down the lateral compartment of the lower limb where at the midpoint it tapers in to a tendon.<ref>Hallinan JT, Wang W, Pathria MN, Smitaman E, Huang BK. [https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6h93r9j0 The peroneus longus muscle and tendon: a review of its anatomy and pathology.] Skeletal radiology. 2019 Sep;48(9):1329-44.</ref> 


[[File:148px-Gray439-Musculus peroneus longus.png|frame]]
[[File:148px-Gray439-Musculus peroneus longus.png|frame]]

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Description[edit | edit source]

The Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus muscle, along with the Peroneus Brevis muscle make up the lateral compartment of the lower leg. The Peroneus Longus lies superficial to the Peroneus Brevis and is the largest of the Peroneal muscles.[1] The Peroneal Longus extends down the lateral compartment of the lower limb where at the midpoint it tapers in to a tendon.[2]

148px-Gray439-Musculus peroneus longus.png

Anatomy[edit | edit source]

Origin[edit | edit source]

  • Lateral condyle of tibia
  • Head and proximal two-thirds of the lateral surface of fibula
  • Intermuscular septa
  • Adjacent deep fascia[3][4]
Peroneo largo.jpg

Insertion[edit | edit source]

  • Lateral base of first metatarsal
  • Medial cuneiform bone[3]

Nerve[edit | edit source]

Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve - L5, S1, S2.

Artery[edit | edit source]

Fibular (peroneal) artery.[3]

Function[edit | edit source]

  • Eversion the ankle and foot
  • Assists in ankle plantar flexion
  • In weight-bearing position depresses head of first metatarsal due to the strong pull on its insertion
  • Maintains the transverse arch of the foot as a result of how it crosses the sole of the foot.
  • Steadies the leg on the foot in single leg stance by drawing on the lateral leg, and stops it from collapsing medially.[3]

[3]

[5]

Clinical relevance[edit | edit source]

  • Peroneal tendinopathy
  • Peroneal tendon subluxation
  • Weakness:
    • Lessens the ability to stand on the toes
    • Decreases the lateral stability of the ankle
    • Allows a varus position of the foot
  • Contracture/shortening: Results into an everted or valgus foot.
  • Peroneus longus muscles and tendon tears
  • Fibular avulsion fractures as a result of peroneus longus tendon tearing
  • Painful os peroneum syndrome[6]

Assessment[edit | edit source]

Treatment[edit | edit source]

  • Strengthening
  • Stretching
  • Manual techniques such as massage, specific soft tissue mobilisations and myofascial release
  • Dry needling
[7]
[8]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Lezak B, Summers S. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle. August 2020
  2. ↑ Hallinan JT, Wang W, Pathria MN, Smitaman E, Huang BK. The peroneus longus muscle and tendon: a review of its anatomy and pathology. Skeletal radiology. 2019 Sep;48(9):1329-44.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinial oriented anatomy. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer, 2010.
  4. ↑ Peroneus Longus and Brevis. In: Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG. Muscle Testing and Function, 4th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1993. p.203.
  5. ↑ Ebraheim N. Anatomy Of The Peroneus Longus Muscle - Everything You Need To Know - Dr. Nabil Ebraheim. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_0TSoPzd3A (accessed 17/06/2018).
  6. ↑ Hallinan JT, Wang W, Pathria MN, Smitaman E, Huang BK. The peroneus longus muscle and tendon: a review of its anatomy and pathology. Skeletal radiology. 2019 Sep;48(9):1329-44.
  7. ↑ ReBalance Physiotherapy. Day -69: Peroneal Strengthening. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Xpwd5gTzXw (accessed 17/06/2018).
  8. ↑ Trevail T. Dry Needling: Peroneus Longus & Brevis. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ON0s8OFXfOs (accessed 17/06/2018).
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