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We have two serratus muscles: the most commonly known [[Serratus Anterior|serratus anterior muscle]] and The serratus posterior muscle is an intermediate layer of back muscles, consisting of the serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior infer

...Nerves|cranial nerves]]) with a few exceptions eg [[Cervical Anatomy|neck muscles]] are supplied by the spinal nerves. ...nerves Available: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/nerves-innervation-of-the-spine/<nowiki/>(accessed 6.2.2022)</ref>

...lateral facet joints transfer loads and guide and constrain motions in the spine due to their geometry and mechanical function<ref>Nicolas V. Jaumard, Willi ...superior facet of the inferior vertebra is rather flat in the cervical and thoracic regions and more convex in the lumbar region. The opposing inferior facet o

[[File:Latissimus+Dorsi+Origin+Spinous+processes+of+inferior+6+thoracic+vertebrae,+thoracolumbar+fascia,+iliac+crest,+and+inferior+3+or+4+ribs..jpg ...rimary function is of the upper extremity but is also considered to be a [[Muscles of Respiration|respiratory accessory muscle]].<ref name=":4">Jeno SH, Varac

...ussel Evidence-based Practice Project|Vrije Universiteit Brussel's Evidence-based Practice project]] [[File:SPINE ANATOMY.jpg|thumb]]

...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/rina-pandya/ Rina Pandya]<br> '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{F ...e review.] Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2020 Oct 1;24(4):423-31.</ref>

This guide gives a general overview of the anatomy of the thoracic spine. It also includes some facts regarding pathophysiology in this region. The sagittal plane alignment of the Thoracic spine is on average 35% (normal range is 20° to 50°).<ref name=":2" />

...bar spine]] this approach is now well established. In the management of non-specific [[Back Education Program|low back pain]] the subgrouping and classi ...the alignment of the lumbar spine have been noted in subjects with flexion-related lumbar pain<ref name=":1" />.

...nvLOvDZxoN2q9qAMIR8_X0_wow Clinical Orthopaedic Rehabilitation: An Evidence-based Approach.] 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2011</ref>< A positive test should be compared with the non-symptomatic side.

...PV. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2953347/ Alternative pop-up for surfers with low back pain.] North American journal of sports physica ...'(4), pp.394-401. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1809-29502016000400394&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en#B3 (last accessed 16.9.2019)</r

...]]This page outlines some Manual Techniques and Exercises for the Thoracic Spine. ...ater stages of life. Additionally, reduced ROM or strength in the thoracic spine will affect the entire kinetic chain.

...[https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/tanya-bell-jenje/ Tanya Bell-Jenje]<br> ...lude:<ref name=":0">Bell-Jenje T. Assessment and Treatment of the Thoracic Spine Course. Plus , 2021.</ref>

...f> The ribs form the main structure of the thoracic cage that protects the thoracic organs. There are 12 pairs of ribs which are separated by intercostal spac * The only rib that articulates with one thoracic vertebra only (T1).<ref name=":2" />

...ure and the  lower quarter and upper quarter.<ref name=":0">Kolt GS, Snyder-Mackler L. Physical Therapies in Sport and Exercise. 2nd ED. Edinburgh. Chur ...t is anterior [[Pelvic Tilt|pelvic tilt]]. This alters the position of the spine resulting in a [[Low Back Pain Related to Hyperlordosis|hyperlordosis]], wh

...liopsoas Muscle.</ref>. The psoas muscle is one of the [[Core Muscles|core muscles]]. [[File:Anterior Hip Muscles.png|alt=Psoas major muscle (highlighted in green) - anterior view|right|fra

...a good rehabilitation program incorporating stretches, strengthening and co-ordination and postural training. ...ion (whilst paddling) increases the demands on the structures of the upper spine and associated soft tissues.

[[File:Torso-rectus-abdominis-transversus-abdominis.png|right|frameless]] ...cles, commonly referred to as your "six-pack." It is two flat and parallel muscles separated by linea alba (a connective tissue). It acts to flex the spinal c

[[File:Chris-benson-yx-iJFybOBQ-unsplash.jpg|right|frameless|400x400px]] ...ture (FHP) is a poor habitual neck posture. It often co-exists with [[Upper-Crossed Syndrome|Upper Crossed Syndrome]]

...stibulospinal tracts Available: https://brainmadesimple.com/vestibulospinal-tracts/<nowiki/>(accessed 27.4.2022)</ref>. ...nse to the head being tilted to one side. Antigravity muscles are extensor muscles in the limbs<ref name="Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald MJT, Gruener G, Mtui E. Clini

...ndrome: an anatomic-clinical study. Bull Hosp Jt Dis. 1993 Spring;53(1):21-4. Level of Evidence 3B</ref>&nbsp;that is still used in clinical practice i ...ct of the scapula, between the superior angle and the root of the scapular spine. Its function is to assist with various neck, arm and shoulder movements su