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...and can be described as an exaggerated anterior curvature of the thoracic spine that is associated with aging<ref name="Jang et al." /> * Anterior curvature of the thoracic spine is normal and present due to the shape of the vertebral bodies and interver

...ochemical characteristics. American Journal of anatomy. 1990 Nov;189(3):236-44.Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2148051/<nowiki/>(accessed 6.1 ...capula]], and to head [[balance]] through muscular control of the cervical spine.

...Aetiology of rib stress fractures in rowers]. Sports Med 2002; 32 (13): 819-36</ref> ...of ultrasound?. British journal of sports medicine. 2017 Jul 1;51(14):1093-7.</ref>

...ome (greek: myo=muscle, tome = a section, volume) is defined as a group of muscles which is innervated by single spinal nerve root. Myotome testing is an ess ...ssessment (4th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier. pp. 467–566. ISBN 978-1-4160-3109-3. </ref>

...based on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/rina-pandya/ Rina Pandya]<br>'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FU ...lumbar spinal stability. This task is accomplished through increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), minimising displacement of the abdominal contents

...erneck LC. Dropped head syndrome in motor neuron disease. Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria. 2006 Mar;64(1):118.</ref>. ...ia, and social implications.<ref name=":0">Burakgazi AZ, Richardson PK, Abu-Rub M. Dropped head syndrome due to neuromuscular disorders: Clinical manife

...[https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/tanya-bell-jenje/ Tanya Bell-Jenje]<br> ...ll of these conditions must be considered when assessing patients who have thoracic pain.

...rae and rib cage, including the bony structures, articulations, ligaments, muscles, nerves and the vascular supply. ...ere are four types of bursae: adventitious, subcutaneous, synovial, and sub-muscular.

...amus of the 1st thoracic nerve. Branches from the 4th cervical and the 2nd thoracic ventral ramus may contribute. <ref name=":9" /> ...the brachial plexus can occur between the first rib and clavicle (known as thoracic outlet) and below pectoralis minor <ref name=":9">Anatomy.tv | 3D Human Ana

...respiration. The phrenic nerve provides the primary motor supply to the [[Muscles of Respiration|diaphragm]], the major respiratory muscle<ref name=":1">Mand [[File:Major-Branches-of-the-Cervical-Plexus.jpg|thumb|336x336px|Image 2: Origin of the phrenic nerve]]

...the vertebrae in place, and [[Tendon Anatomy|tendon]]<nowiki/>s attach the muscles to the spinal column. ...d abdominal wall, including the bony structures, articulations, ligaments, muscles, nerves and the vascular supply.

...ased on the course by [https://members.physio-pedia.com/course_tutor/krista-eskay/ Krista Eskay]<br> ...nts is barrel-shaped and rigid; ribs are elevated and perpendicular to the spine

...ic outlet, leading to a spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild pain to limb-threatening complications. It remains a complex and controversial condition ...engthening, and postural re-education, plays a crucial role in managing TOS-related symptoms.

...ical Center. http://www.umm.edu/programs/spine/health/guides/cervical-spine-anatomy. Accessed 21 april 2017.</ref><ref name="Gray">Gray H. Gray's Anatom ...ly specialized and are given unique names: atlas and axis, respectively. C3-C7 are more classic vertebrae, having a body, pedicles, laminae, spinous pro

...files: overview and current state of art. Acta Biomed. 2017 Apr 28;88(1):11-16. doi: 10.23750/abm.v88i1.5309. PMID: 28467328; PMCID: PMC6166197.]</ref>. ...of injury due to compressive loading. J Athl Train. 2005 Jul-Sep;40(3):155-61. PMID: 16284634; PMCID: PMC1250253.]</ref>.

[[File:Lumbar-plexus-and-its-branches.png|right|frameless|354x354px]] ...lexus Lumbar Plexus] Available from:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/lumbar-plexus (last accessed 14.9.2020)</ref>.

...isten Templin|Kristen Templin]] as part of the [[Temple University Evidence-Based Practice Project|Temple University EBP Project]] [[File:Thoracic grade 2 T6 PA mobilisations.png|right|frameless]]

...ca [serial on the Internet]. (2010, Oct), [cited April 4, 2012]; 42(5): 214-219. Available from: Academic Search Premier.</ref> ...ong term results of combined radio surgical treatment. Thorax. 1997; 52:284-6</ref>

...ess in limbs, numbness/paresthesia, and difficulty in controlling specific muscles. ...For example, a nerve root impingement in the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical]] spine may result in pain and weakness in the forearm. Similarly, an impingement i

...een the active ([[Paraspinal Muscles|muscles]]), passive (osteoligamentous spine), and neural components is necessary to prevent [[Lumbar Instability|instab ...l movements result in various forces acting on the [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar spine]] and [[sacrum]], that is: