Scapular Fracture: Difference between revisions

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'''Scapula Fracture (Shoulder Blade Fracture):'''  Scapular fracture is the [[fracture]] of [[scapula]] which is rare and is often caused by direct trauma from the back or side.<ref>Scapula fracture (shoulder blade fracture). Johns Hopkins Medicine. Health. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/scapula-fracture-shoulder-blade-fracture#:~:text=What%20is%20a%20scapula%20fracture,from%20the%20back%20or%20side.</ref><ref>Scapular fracture. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation; 2021]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scapular_fracture#:~:text=The%20scapula%20is%20fractured%20as,can%20also%20cause%20the%20injury.</ref>  
'''Scapula Fracture (Shoulder Blade Fracture):'''  Scapular fracture is the [[fracture]] of [[scapula]] which is rare and is often caused by direct trauma from the back or side.<ref>Scapula fracture (shoulder blade fracture). Johns Hopkins Medicine. Health. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/scapula-fracture-shoulder-blade-fracture#:~:text=What%20is%20a%20scapula%20fracture,from%20the%20back%20or%20side.</ref><ref>Scapular fracture. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation; 2021]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scapular_fracture#:~:text=The%20scapula%20is%20fractured%20as,can%20also%20cause%20the%20injury.</ref>  


Scapular fracture represents less than 1% in prevalence among all other broken bones and 3% to 5% of all [[shoulder]] girdle fractures. 80% to 95% of all scapular fractures are accompanied by other injuries like fractures of shoulder, collarbone and [[ribs]], or during injury to the head, lungs and [[Spinal cord anatomy|spinal cord]], typically because  it requires high - energy/torque trauma to cause an injury to scapula  . <ref>Scapula (shoulder blade) fractures - orthoinfo - AAOS. OrthoInfo. 2014. Available from: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/scapula-shoulder-blade-fractures/</ref><ref name=":0">Libby C, Frane N, Bentley TP. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537312/ Scapula fracture]. StatPearls. 2020 Jul 21.</ref>
Scapular fracture represents less than 1% in prevalence among all other broken bones and 3% to 5% of all [[shoulder]] girdle fractures. 80% to 95% of all scapular fractures are accompanied by other injuries like fractures of shoulder, collarbone and [[ribs]], or during injury to the head, lungs and [[Spinal cord anatomy|spinal cord]], typically because  it requires high - energy/torque trauma to cause an injury to scapula  . <ref name=":1">Scapula (shoulder blade) fractures - orthoinfo - AAOS. OrthoInfo. 2014. Available from: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/scapula-shoulder-blade-fractures/</ref><ref name=":0">Libby C, Frane N, Bentley TP. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537312/ Scapula fracture]. StatPearls. 2020 Jul 21.</ref>


'''Scapular fractures''' occur during high-energy trauma such as motor vehicle collisions, [[falls]], and other high impact traumas. Motor vehicle collisions account for over 70% of scapular [[fracture]]<nowiki/>s, with 52% associated with drivers and 18% associated with pedestrians struck by motor vehicles. Other reported mechanisms include electric shock and seizure because of forces on the scapula. Isolated scapular fractures are extremely rare. <ref name=":0" /><ref>Pires RE, Giordano V, de Souza FS, Labronici PJ. [https://pssjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13037-020-00281-3 Current challenges and controversies in the management of scapular fractures: A review]. Patient Safety in Surgery. 2021 Dec;15(1):1-8.</ref><ref>Felson S. [https://www.webmd.com/first-aid/broken-shoulder-blade Broken shoulder Blade]. WebMD. WebMD; 2021. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.webmd.com/first-aid/broken-shoulder-blade</nowiki></ref><ref>Hinchey J. Scapula fractures / Orif. John W. Hinchey MD.. Available from: https://www.hincheyshoulderandelbow.com/scapula-fractures-orif-orthopaedic-surgeon-san-antonio-boerne-texas.html</ref>
'''Scapular fractures''' occur during high-energy trauma such as motor vehicle collisions, [[falls]], and other high impact traumas. Motor vehicle collisions account for over 70% of scapular [[fracture]]<nowiki/>s, with 52% associated with drivers and 18% associated with pedestrians struck by motor vehicles. Other reported mechanisms include electric shock and seizure because of forces on the scapula. Isolated scapular fractures are extremely rare. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">Pires RE, Giordano V, de Souza FS, Labronici PJ. [https://pssjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13037-020-00281-3 Current challenges and controversies in the management of scapular fractures: A review]. Patient Safety in Surgery. 2021 Dec;15(1):1-8.</ref><ref>Felson S. [https://www.webmd.com/first-aid/broken-shoulder-blade Broken shoulder Blade]. WebMD. WebMD; 2021. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.webmd.com/first-aid/broken-shoulder-blade</nowiki></ref><ref>Hinchey J. Scapula fractures / Orif. John W. Hinchey MD.. Available from: https://www.hincheyshoulderandelbow.com/scapula-fractures-orif-orthopaedic-surgeon-san-antonio-boerne-texas.html</ref>


==Classification of scapular fractures==
==Classification of scapular fractures==
5 7 8
One or more parts of scapula may get fractured:
 
* '''Scapular body''' (45% of patients):The body of scapula fractures into three patterns; transverse, oblique, and longitudinal.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />
 
* '''Scapular neck''' (25% of patients): Three types of neck fractures are described as follows:  fracture of surgical neck, fracture of the anatomical neck and fracture of neck inferior to scapula spine.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />
* '''Glenoid Process''' (35% of patients)<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />
 
* '''Acromion Process''' (8% of patients)<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />
 
* '''Coracoid Process''' (7% of patients)<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />


== Causes of scapular fracture ==
== Causes of scapular fracture ==
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Revision as of 02:40, 25 February 2022

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Introduction[edit | edit source]

Scapula/shoulder blade is a large triangular bone that lies postero-lateral on the upper back/throracic cage and connects the and is well connected by complex system of muscles. Shoulder blades connect the arm to the thorax while the muscles of scapula ensure correct movement of arm over the thorax. [1][2]

Scapula: Anterior View
Scapula: Posterior View
Scapula: Posterior aspect
Scapula: Anterior aspect


Scapula Fracture (Shoulder Blade Fracture): Scapular fracture is the fracture of scapula which is rare and is often caused by direct trauma from the back or side.[3][4]

Scapular fracture represents less than 1% in prevalence among all other broken bones and 3% to 5% of all shoulder girdle fractures. 80% to 95% of all scapular fractures are accompanied by other injuries like fractures of shoulder, collarbone and ribs, or during injury to the head, lungs and spinal cord, typically because it requires high - energy/torque trauma to cause an injury to scapula . [5][6]

Scapular fractures occur during high-energy trauma such as motor vehicle collisions, falls, and other high impact traumas. Motor vehicle collisions account for over 70% of scapular fractures, with 52% associated with drivers and 18% associated with pedestrians struck by motor vehicles. Other reported mechanisms include electric shock and seizure because of forces on the scapula. Isolated scapular fractures are extremely rare. [6][7][8][9]

Classification of scapular fractures[edit | edit source]

One or more parts of scapula may get fractured:

  • Scapular body (45% of patients):The body of scapula fractures into three patterns; transverse, oblique, and longitudinal.[5][6][7]
  • Scapular neck (25% of patients): Three types of neck fractures are described as follows: fracture of surgical neck, fracture of the anatomical neck and fracture of neck inferior to scapula spine.[5][6][7]
  • Glenoid Process (35% of patients)[5][6]
  • Acromion Process (8% of patients)[5][6]
  • Coracoid Process (7% of patients)[5][6]

Causes of scapular fracture[edit | edit source]

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Symptoms of fractured scapula[edit | edit source]

3 4 5 8 9

Evaluation and diagnosis of scapular fractures[edit | edit source]

  • bulleted list
  • x

or

  1. numbered list
  2. x

4 5 6 8 9

Differential diagnosis[edit | edit source]

6

Management of scapular fractures[edit | edit source]

3 5 6 7 8 9

Medical Management:

Non-surgical/conservative Management:

Surgical Management:

Rehabilitation[edit | edit source]

Self care at home[edit | edit source]

8

Follow up[edit | edit source]

8

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

6

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Sciascia A, Kilber B, Athwal G, Fischer S. Scapular (shoulder blade) problems and disorders - orthoinfo - AAOS. OrthoInfo. The American Academy of Orthopaedic surgeons ; 2017 . Available from: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/scapular-shoulder-blade-disorders#:~:text=The%20scapula%2C%20or%20shoulder%20blade,help%20you%20move%20your%20arm.
  2. ↑ Scapula . Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation; 2022. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scapula
  3. ↑ Scapula fracture (shoulder blade fracture). Johns Hopkins Medicine. Health. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/scapula-fracture-shoulder-blade-fracture#:~:text=What%20is%20a%20scapula%20fracture,from%20the%20back%20or%20side.
  4. ↑ Scapular fracture. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation; 2021]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scapular_fracture#:~:text=The%20scapula%20is%20fractured%20as,can%20also%20cause%20the%20injury.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Scapula (shoulder blade) fractures - orthoinfo - AAOS. OrthoInfo. 2014. Available from: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/scapula-shoulder-blade-fractures/
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Libby C, Frane N, Bentley TP. Scapula fracture. StatPearls. 2020 Jul 21.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Pires RE, Giordano V, de Souza FS, Labronici PJ. Current challenges and controversies in the management of scapular fractures: A review. Patient Safety in Surgery. 2021 Dec;15(1):1-8.
  8. ↑ Felson S. Broken shoulder Blade. WebMD. WebMD; 2021. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/first-aid/broken-shoulder-blade
  9. ↑ Hinchey J. Scapula fractures / Orif. John W. Hinchey MD.. Available from: https://www.hincheyshoulderandelbow.com/scapula-fractures-orif-orthopaedic-surgeon-san-antonio-boerne-texas.html
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