Popliteal Fossa: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Popliteal_picture.jpg|center|frameless]]
[[File:Popliteal_picture.jpg|thumb|Popliteal fossa of R leg|center]]
=== Description  ===
=== Description  ===
The Popliteal Fossa is a diamond- shaped space behind the [[knee]] joint .<ref name=":1">Chummy,SS. Last's Anatomy.Twelfth Edition.Churchill Livingstone.2011.pg 132</ref> It is formed between the muscles in the posterior compartments of the thigh and leg.This anatomical landmark is the major route by which structures pass between the thigh and leg.<ref name=":0">Richard,LD, Wayne,VA,Adam,WM.Grays'Anatomy for Students. Second Edition.Churchill Livingstone.2010.pg 584-585</ref>
The Popliteal Fossa is a diamond-shaped space behind the [[knee]] joint<ref name=":1">Chummy SS, editor. Last's Anatomy. Twelfth Edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2011.
</ref>. It is formed between the muscles in the posterior compartments of the thigh and leg. This anatomical landmark is the major route by which structures pass between the thigh and leg<ref name=":0">Richard LD, Wayne VA, Adam WM, editors. Grays' Anatomy for Students. Second Edition. Edinburgh:  Churchill Livingstone, 2010.</ref>.


=== Margins ===
=== Boundaries ===
The Popliteal Fossa has 2 upper margins and 2 lower margins<ref name=":0" />
Its boundaries are:
* The margins of the upper part are formed by the [[Semimembranosus]] and [[Semitendinosus]] muscles on the medial side and the [[Biceps Femoris]] on the lateral side.  
 
* The margins of the lower parts are formed by the medial head of the [[Gastrocnemius]] muscle and the laterally by the [[Plantaris]] muscle and the lateral head of the [[Gastrocnemius]] muscle.
The [[Biceps Femoris|Biceps Femoris tendon]] (superolateral) and [[Semimembranosus]] reinforced by [[Semitendinosus]] (superomedial). The medial and lateral heads of [[Gastrocnemius]] form the inferomedial and inferolateral boundaries, respectively<ref>Omar F, David M. Anatomy at a glance. Italy: Blackwell Science, 2002.</ref>.


=== Floor  ===
=== Floor  ===
The floor of the fossa is formed by the Popliteal surface of the [[Femur]], Capsule of the [[Knee]] reinforced by the oblique Popliteal [[ligament]] and the Popliteus muscle covered by its [[Fascia]]<ref name=":1" />.  
The floor of the fossa is formed by the Popliteal surface of the [[Femur]], the capsule of the [[Knee]] reinforced by the oblique Popliteal [[ligament]] and, the Popliteus muscle covered by its [[Fascia]]<ref name=":1" />.  
 
=== Roof  ===
=== Roof  ===
The roof of the Popliteal fossa is covered by the [[Tensor Fascia Lata|Fascia Lata]] which is strongly reinforced by tranverse fibers. The roof is pierced by the small Saphenous vein and the posterior Femoral cutaneous nerve<ref name=":1" />.
The roof of the Popliteal fossa is covered by the [[Tensor Fascia Lata|Fascia Lata]] which is strongly reinforced by the transverse fibers. Thus, the roof is pierced by the [[Small Saphenous Vein|small Saphenous vein]] and the posterior [[Femoral Nerve|Femoral cutaneous nerve]]<ref name=":1" />.


=== Content ===
=== Content ===
The major content of the Popliteal fossa are the Popliteal artery,the Popliteal vein, the [[Tibial Nerve|Tibia nerve]] and Common Fibular nerve.   <div class="researchbox"> </div>
The major content of the Popliteal fossa are<ref name=":0" />: 
* The Popliteal Artery; This is the deepest of the neurovascular structures in the Popliteal fossa. It is a continuation of the [[Femoral Artery|Femoral artery]] and appears on the upper medial side under the margin of the  [[Semimembranosus]] muscle. 
* The Popliteal vein: It is superficial to the and travels with the Popliteal artery. 
* The [[Tibial Nerve|Tibia nerve]] and common Fibular nerve: These are the two major branches of the [[Sciatic Nerve|Sciatic]] nerve. They are the most superficial of the neurovascular structures in the Popliteal fossa. They appear under the margin of the [[Biceps Femoris]] muscles.
 
 
{{#ev:youtube|e-Ws8op6wpY }}<ref>Dr.Nabil Ebraheim. Anatomy of the Popliteal Fossa. Available from: https://youtu.be/e-Ws8op6wpY </ref>
 
=== Clinical Significance ===
=== Clinical Significance ===
* [[Baker's Cyst|Baker's cyst]]
* [[Baker's Cyst|Baker's cyst]]
* Popliteal [[Pulse rate|Pulse]]
* Popliteal [[Pulse rate|Pulse]]
* Popliteal Aneurysm
* Popliteal Aneurysm
* Popliteal nerve block
{{#ev:youtube|_z8UbUP5Vj0  }}<ref>Dr. G Bhanu Prakash. Popliteal artery aneurysm. Available from: https://youtu.be/_z8UbUP5Vj0  </ref>
{{#ev:youtube|LSsa0UJcaHA }}<ref>Temena. Popliteal Sciatic Nerve Block. Available from: https://youtu.be/LSsa0UJcaHA </ref>


== References  ==
== References  ==


<references />
<references />
[[Category:Anatomical Landmarks]]
[[Category: Anatomical Landmarks]]
[[Category:Knee]]
[[Category:Knee - Anatomy]]

Latest revision as of 21:41, 1 August 2023

Original Editor - Ochia Lilian Chidera

Top Contributors - Ochia Lilian Chidera, Kirenga Bamurange Liliane, Lucinda hampton and Kim Jackson

Popliteal fossa of R leg

Description[edit | edit source]

The Popliteal Fossa is a diamond-shaped space behind the knee joint[1]. It is formed between the muscles in the posterior compartments of the thigh and leg. This anatomical landmark is the major route by which structures pass between the thigh and leg[2].

Boundaries[edit | edit source]

Its boundaries are:

The Biceps Femoris tendon (superolateral) and Semimembranosus reinforced by Semitendinosus (superomedial). The medial and lateral heads of Gastrocnemius form the inferomedial and inferolateral boundaries, respectively[3].

Floor[edit | edit source]

The floor of the fossa is formed by the Popliteal surface of the Femur, the capsule of the Knee reinforced by the oblique Popliteal ligament and, the Popliteus muscle covered by its Fascia[1].

Roof[edit | edit source]

The roof of the Popliteal fossa is covered by the Fascia Lata which is strongly reinforced by the transverse fibers. Thus, the roof is pierced by the small Saphenous vein and the posterior Femoral cutaneous nerve[1].

Content[edit | edit source]

The major content of the Popliteal fossa are[2]:

  • The Popliteal Artery; This is the deepest of the neurovascular structures in the Popliteal fossa. It is a continuation of the Femoral artery and appears on the upper medial side under the margin of the Semimembranosus muscle.
  • The Popliteal vein: It is superficial to the and travels with the Popliteal artery.
  • The Tibia nerve and common Fibular nerve: These are the two major branches of the Sciatic nerve. They are the most superficial of the neurovascular structures in the Popliteal fossa. They appear under the margin of the Biceps Femoris muscles.


[4]

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

[5]

[6]


References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Chummy SS, editor. Last's Anatomy. Twelfth Edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2011.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Richard LD, Wayne VA, Adam WM, editors. Grays' Anatomy for Students. Second Edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2010.
  3. ↑ Omar F, David M. Anatomy at a glance. Italy: Blackwell Science, 2002.
  4. ↑ Dr.Nabil Ebraheim. Anatomy of the Popliteal Fossa. Available from: https://youtu.be/e-Ws8op6wpY
  5. ↑ Dr. G Bhanu Prakash. Popliteal artery aneurysm. Available from: https://youtu.be/_z8UbUP5Vj0
  6. ↑ Temena. Popliteal Sciatic Nerve Block. Available from: https://youtu.be/LSsa0UJcaHA
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