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...&nbsp;resulting in degenerative joint changes and forming the uncovertbral joints. == <span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Motions Available</span> ==

...ch provide cushioning between the vertebrae and absorb pressure put on the spine. It is a nearly universal condition in those who reach advanced age, but it ...023, July 12. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/249036-overview]</ref>. Although some people experience no symptoms, others may fee

...t Classification|pivot]]''' [[Joint Classification|joint]] and the lateral joints are '''[[Joint Classification|plane]]''' [[Joint Classification|articulatio ...are two '''lateral atlanto-axial joints''' which are concave in an anterior-posterior direction, this allows rotation.

...trachea)<ref name=":0">Lang, J., 1993. ''Clinical anatomy of the cervical spine''. Stuttgart; New York: Thieme.</ref> is located at the anterior aspect of ...Lee, S. and Kim, I., 2013. ''Surgical Anatomy and Techniques to the Spine E-Book''. Elsevier Health Sciences.</ref>

...olled trial. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy. 2021 May 4;29(3):147-57.</ref> ...re applied at varying speeds and amplitudes, including small-amplitude/high-velocity therapeutic movements”<ref>American Physical Therapy Association

...tion: historical basis and scientific analyses]. Pain Physician. 2003;6:199-205</ref> ...e management of cervical radiculopathy.] J Ortho Sports PT. 2000;30(12):728-744.</ref>

...nt]] Stress Test for hypermobility of the [https://physio-pedia.com/Atlanto-axial_joint?utm_source=physiopedia&utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=ongoing_in ...: Examination, evaluation, and intervention (2nd ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.</ref>

Vertebra prominens is the name of the seventh cervical vertebra. ...rocess that protrudes posteriorly toward the [[skin]] at the back of the [[Cervical Anatomy|neck]].

...r articular process of the vertebra directly above it. There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment. The facet joints are situated between the pedicle and lamina of the same vertebra and form t

...<ref name=":0">Drake R, Vogl AW, Mitchell AW. Gray's Anatomy for Students E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2009 Apr 4.</ref> .... Its attachment sites are the thoracic vertebrae (semispinalis thoracis), cervical vertebrae ([[Semispinalis Cervicis|semispinalis cervicis]]) and occipital b

...ght|frameless]]The Kemp test (also known as the quadrant test and extension-rotation test) is a provocative test useful for diagnosing pain related to [ ...e (used for the [[Cervical Anatomy|cervical spine]] or the [[Lumbar|lumbar spine]]).

[[Cervical Anatomy|Cervical]] spine injury (CSI) in children is unique in both the wide anatomic differences an ...c patients]. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 2007 Feb 1;62(2):389-96.</ref>.  

...pital articulations function as bilaterally symmetrical ellipsoid synovial joints between C0 and C1. *[[Posterior atlanto-occipital ligament]]

...he Cervical Flexion-Rotation Test. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2008;31:293-300</ref> ...ve common manual neck pain provocating tests. Scand J Rehab Med 1995;27:131-136</ref> However, these tests involve a high degree of skill on the part of

...tebral joint]: a comprehensive review. Clinical Anatomy. 2014 Apr;27(3):431-40.</ref>. ...able from: <nowiki>https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/uncovertebral-joints</nowiki></ref>.

[[File:Cervical vertebrae lig flavum.png|right|frameless|492x492px]] ...with the tendons and muscles, provides a natural brace to help protect the spine from injury.

== [[Image:532px-Vertebral artery 3D AP.jpg|thumb|right]]Description == ...hough the foramina of the transverse processes of the [[Cervical Vertebrae|cervical vertebrae,]] usually starting at C6 but entering as high as C4<ref name="Ma

.... Below are generally accepted values for a normal ROM for some individual joints as measured in degrees: ...online:https://www.wikem.org/wiki/Range_of_motion_by_joint [accessed 25-10-2021]</ref>

[[File:250px-Longissimus.png|thumb|Longissimus]] ...ilable:https://study.com/academy/lesson/longissimus-muscle-origin-insertion-function.html (accessed 5.2.2022)</ref>:

...control study.] Brazilian journal of physical therapy. 2019 Jul 1;23(4):346-54. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6630105/#bi * Stiff upper thoracic spine or rounded upper spine causing cervical spine to hyperextend to see ahead.