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...te matter tracts) after rapid correction of metabolic disturbances such as hyponatremia ([[Fluid Excess/Intoxication|low amounts of sodium in the blood]]) ...PM typically begin to appear within several days after rapid correction of hyponatremia. Clinical manifestations vary and can range from encephalopathy to coma an

...ve into cells to equalize solute concentration on each side of the cell. [[Hyponatremia]], a potentially lethal situation, may occur if high volumes of water are c *Endurance athletes&nbsp;<ref name="Hyponatremia Article" />

* Both hyponatremia and [[hypernatremia]], as well as [[hypomagnesemia]], can lead to neurologi * Among the electrolyte disorders, hyponatremia is the most frequent.

'''Hyponatremia''' - a condition where the plasma Na⁺ concentration is less than ...ation is responsive to changes in body water. Therefore, the main cause of hyponatremia is an increase in body mass due to hydration from water or hypotonic fluid,

...[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6780610/ Exercise-associated hyponatremia in endurance and ultra-endurance performance–aspects of sex, race locatio ...ef name=":1">Adrogué HJ, Tucker BM, Madias NE. Diagnosis and Management of Hyponatremia: A Review. JAMA. 2022 Jul 19;328(3):280-91.</ref>

...ost common adverse effect is electrolyte imbalances such as hypokalemia or hyponatremia and excessive fluid depletion.<ref>Sarafidis PA, Georgianos PI, Lasaridis A

...is is often linked to a more serious condition like extreme dehydration or hyponatremia (depleted electrolytes from excessive water consumption) and should be imme

...A review of risk factors and prevention strategies for exercise-associated hyponatremia. Autonomic Neuroscience. 2022 Mar 1;238:102930.</ref>

* [[Electrolytes|Hyponatremia]] (esp St. Louis encephalitis)

...lysis|Central pontine myelinolysi]]<nowiki/>s from the rapid correction of hyponatremia, which can result in [[Epilepsy|seizures]], [[ataxia]], and disturbed consc

* Less common metabolic causes include hepatic encephalopathy, hyponatremia, [[hypernatremia]], [[hypercalcemia]], [[Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders|

...rding to thirst and sweat rates to avoid exercise-associated [[Dehydration|hyponatremia]]. To reduce this risk fluid intake should be limited to 300–600 mL per h

...is is often linked to a more serious condition like extreme dehydration or hyponatremia (depleted electrolytes from excessive water consumption) and should be imme ...al.2.aspx Consensus statement of the 1st international exercise-associated hyponatremia consensus development conference, Cape Town, South Africa 2005]. Clinical J

...r is over-hydrated, and their body fluid is in excess, they can experience hyponatremia, low sodium concentration in the blood (also explained on the [[Physical Ac

* hyponatremia

...omegaly. Labs test may reveal [[anaemia]], thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, hyponatremia, hyperammonemia, elevated ammonia levels, or decreased [[Vitamin B12 Defici

Avoid hyponatremia which can occur by drinking too much fluid. therefore, diluting sodium

* Na: 135-145 mmol/l<br>↓Na - [[Fluid Excess/Intoxication|Hyponatremia]] (from skin, kidneys, gut) – weakness, postural hypotension, syncope, wt

*Hyponatremia

...mphopenia, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypoalbuminemia, hematuria, proteinuria, oligur