Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
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The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) was first developed in 1991 by R. Miller, S. Kopri, and D. Todd. A year before, the developers had introduced the term kinesiophobia at the Ninth Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Pain Society to describe patient circumstances characterised by an "excessive, irrational, and debilitating fear of physical movement and activity resulting from a feeling of vulnerability to painful injury or reinjury".<ref>Miller R., Kori S., Todd D. The Tampa Scale: a measure of kinesiophobia. Clin J Pain. 1991;7(1):51–52.</ref><ref name=":0" /> | The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) was first developed in 1991 by R. Miller, S. Kopri, and D. Todd. A year before, the developers had introduced the term kinesiophobia at the Ninth Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Pain Society to describe patient circumstances characterised by an "excessive, irrational, and debilitating fear of physical movement and activity resulting from a feeling of vulnerability to painful injury or reinjury".<ref>Miller R., Kori S., Todd D. The Tampa Scale: a measure of kinesiophobia. Clin J Pain. 1991;7(1):51–52.</ref><ref name=":0" /> | ||
Revision as of 08:57, 5 February 2023
Original Editor - Khloud Shreif
Top Contributors - Angeliki Chorti, Khloud Shreif and Kim Jackson
Introduction[edit | edit source]
The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) was first developed in 1991 by R. Miller, S. Kopri, and D. Todd. A year before, the developers had introduced the term kinesiophobia at the Ninth Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Pain Society to describe patient circumstances characterised by an "excessive, irrational, and debilitating fear of physical movement and activity resulting from a feeling of vulnerability to painful injury or reinjury".[1][2]
Objective[edit | edit source]
TSK is a 17 item self-reported questionnaire that evaluates fear of movement, fear of physical activity, and fear avoidance.
Intended Population[edit | edit source]
In its original form, the TSK was used to distinguish between non-excessive fear and phobia in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, i.e. the fear of movement in patients with chronic low back pain. [2] Later, its use expanded to other conditions and parts of the body, such as the neck [2][3], temporomandibular disorders[4], fibromyalgia.
TSK-AA is used after spinal fusion in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.[5]
Categories and Items[edit | edit source]
The questionnaire uses 4 points of assessment that are based on the model of fear-avoidance, fear of work-related activities, fear of movement, and fear of re-injury. [2]
There is also another valid, and reliable abbreviated version of the scale that consists of 11 items. [6]
It consists of two subscales,
Activity avoidance (AA): reflection of activity that may result in an increase in pain or cause injury.
Somatic focus (SF): reflection of beliefs and underlying serious conditions.
Method of Use[edit | edit source]
TSK composed of 17 items, scoring range from 17 to 68 where the higher scores indicate an increasing degree of kinesiophobia [3] as follows for items from 1, 2, 3-7, 9-11, 13-15, and 17:
(1) Strongly disagree
(2) Disagree
(3) Agree
(4) Strongly agree.
For items 4, 8, 12, and 16 it is vice versa:
(1) Strongly disagree.
(2) Disagree
(3) Agree
(4) Strongly agree.
The total score of the scale range from 17- 68, where 17 means no kinesiophobia, 68 means severe kinesiophobia, and score ± 37 indicates there is kinesiophobia.
The shortened version TSK-11 maintains items 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 15, and 17 from the original scale, and its score range from 11-44.
Evidence[edit | edit source]
Reliability[edit | edit source]
Internal consistency, TSK shows a high level of internal consistency across all items and is positively associated with related measures of fear-avoidance, pain catastrophizing, pain-related disability[7].
In the Finnish version of TSK, the test-retest reliability (ICC) = 0.887[8].
Validity[edit | edit source]
Construct validity: moderate correlation coefficient with measures of pain-related fear, pain catastrophising, and disability in patients with CLBP.
Predictive validity: moderate correlation coefficient with physical performance tests[9].
Concurrent validity is moderate, ranging from r(s) =0.33 to 0.59[10].
Responsiveness[edit | edit source]
For patients with chronic low back pain, TSK was sensitive to detect clinical changes[13], it was also sensitive to detect changes after spinal fusion[14]. Unlike in patients with ACL injury, it isn't the best way to assess psychological factors according to the Japanese version[15].
Links[edit | edit source]
Tampa scale of kinesiophobia (TSK).
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Miller R., Kori S., Todd D. The Tampa Scale: a measure of kinesiophobia. Clin J Pain. 1991;7(1):51–52.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Hudes K. The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia and neck pain, disability and range of motion: a narrative review of the literature. J Can Chiropr Assoc 2011 Sep;55(3):222.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Pool J., Hiralal S., Ostelo R., van der Veer K., Vlaeyen·J., Bouter L., de Vet H. The applicability of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia for patients with sub-acute neck pain: a qualitative study. Qual Quant 2009; 43:773–780.
- ↑ Visscher C., Ohrbach R., van Wijk A., Wilkosz M., Naeije M. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for Temporomandibular Disorders (TSK-TMD). Pain. 2010 Sep;150(3):492-500.
- ↑ Ye DL, Plante I, Roy M, Ouellet JA, Ferland CE. The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia: Structural Validation among Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis Undergoing Spinal Fusion Surgery. Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics. 2020 Feb 6:1-1.
- ↑ Tkachuk GA, Harris CA. Psychometric properties of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK-11). The Journal of Pain. 2012 Oct 1;13(10):970-7.
- ↑ French DJ, France CR, Vigneau F, French JA, Evans RT. Fear of movement/(re) injury in chronic pain: a psychometric assessment of the original English version of the Tampa scale for kinesiophobia (TSK). Pain. 2007 Jan 1;127(1-2):42-51.
- ↑ Koho P, Aho S, Pohjolainen T, Hurri H. Reliability of Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Questionnaire and Comparability of Paper and Computer Versions in Chronic Pain Patients. InOrthopaedic Proceedings 2009 May (Vol. 91, No. SUPP_II, pp. 286-286). The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery.
- ↑ Roelofs J, Goubert L, Peters ML, Vlaeyen JW, Crombez G. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia: further examination of psychometric properties in patients with chronic low back pain and fibromyalgia. European Journal of Pain. 2004 Oct 1;8(5):495-502.
- ↑ Swinkels-Meewisse EJ, Swinkels RA, Verbeek AL, Vlaeyen JW, Oostendorp RA. Psychometric properties of the Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia and the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire in acute low back pain. Manual therapy. 2003 Feb 1;8(1):29-36.
- ↑ Lundberg M., Styf J., Carlsson S. A psychometric evaluation of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia – from a physiotherapeutic perspective. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. 2004;20(2):121–133.
- ↑ Bunketorp L., Carlsson J., Kowalski J., Stener-Victorin E. Evaluating the reliability of multi-item scales: a non-parametric approach to the ordered categorical structure of data collected with the Swedish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and the Self-Efficacy Scale. J Rehabil Med. 2005 Sep;37(5):330-4.
- ↑ Monticone M, Ambrosini E, Rocca B, Foti C, Ferrante S. Responsiveness of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia in Italian subjects with chronic low back pain undergoing motor and cognitive rehabilitation. European Spine Journal. 2016 Sep 1;25(9):2882-8.
- ↑ Monticone M, Ambrosini E, Rocca B, Foti C, Ferrante S. Responsiveness and minimal clinically important changes for the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia after lumbar fusion during cognitive behavioral rehabilitation. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2017 Jun;53(3):351-8.
- ↑ Huang H, Nagao M, Arita H, Shiozawa J, Nishio H, Kobayashi Y, Kaneko H, Nagayama M, Saita Y, Ishijima M, Takazawa Y. Reproducibility, responsiveness and validation of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia in patients with ACL injuries. Health and quality of life outcomes. 2019 Dec 1;17(1):150.
