Oncology Medical Management
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This article is currently under review and may not be up to date. Please come back soon to see the finished work! (9/07/2020)
Introduction[edit | edit source]
About cancer and oncology and then link up it with main page of oncology
Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with tumors. A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist. Tumors simply refers to the mass. Whereas cancer is a particularly threatening type of tumor that refers to new growth and has the ability to invade surrounding tissues, metastasize (spread to other organs), and which may eventually lead to the patient's death if untreated. Another term in oncology is Neoplasm which is an abnormal new growth of cells. The cells in a neoplasm usually grow more rapidly than normal cells and will continue to grow if not treated. As they grow, they may impinge or damage adjacent tissues. A neoplasm can be classified as a benign tumor (localized and does not metastasized) and malignant tumors (cancerous and metastasized). Cancer can be also defined as a malignant neoplasm. Thus, Cancer is the chronic disease which if untreated is progressive in nature.
Medical histories remain an important screening tool: the character of the complaints and nonspecific symptoms (such as fatigue, weight loss, unexplained anaemia, fever of unknown origin, Para neoplastic phenomena and other signs) may warrant further investigation for malignancy. A physical examination may help localise of a malignancy. The radiographic finding helps to find the location, size of the neoplasm. Diagnostic methods include: Biopsy or Resection; these are methods by which suspicious neoplastic growths can be removed in part or in whole, and evaluated by a pathologist to determine malignancy. This is currently the gold standard for the diagnosis of cancer and is crucial in guiding the next step in management .
Multidisciplinary treatment approach[edit | edit source]
about role of different teams and evidences supporting multidisciplinary approaches and link up physiotherapy treatment page
Principle of cancer management[edit | edit source]
based on type of cancer
stage of cancer
prognostic factors
purpose of treatment
Types of cancer management[edit | edit source]
Oncological Emergencies[edit | edit source]
Physical Therapists need to be aware that certain oncologic emergencies may develop over Time and it is important to know the primary systems affected or causes as well as signs and symptoms for referral[1]. The study suggests using a multidisciplinary treatment system for early diagnosis (MRI) and referral to orthopedists for treatment and prevention of Malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) in patients with bone metastases[2].
I. Metabolic[edit | edit source]
- Tumor Lysis Syndrome
- Hypercalcemia of Malignancy
- Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
II. Hematologic[edit | edit source]
- Febrile neutropenia
- Hyperviscosity syndrome
III. Structural[edit | edit source]
- Epidural Spinal Cord Compression
- Malignant Pericardial Effusion
- Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
IV. Side Effects from Chemotherapy[edit | edit source]
- Diarrhea
- Extravasations
- Obstipation
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Higdon M et. al. Treatment of Oncologic Emergencies. Am Fam Physician 2006; 74: 1873-80
- ↑ Nakata E, Sugihara S, Sugawara Y, Nakahara R, Furumatsu T, Tetsunaga T, Kunisada T, Nakanishi K, Akezaki Y, Ozaki T. Multidisciplinary treatment system for bone metastases for early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of malignant spinal cord compression. Oncology letters. 2020 Apr 1;19(4):3137-44.
