Long Term Trends in Physical Activity
Original Editor - Wendy Walker.
Top Contributors - Wendy Walker, Kim Jackson, Tony Lowe, Tarina van der Stockt, Simisola Ajeyalemi, Shaimaa Eldib, Rucha Gadgil, Lucinda hampton, Chelsea Mclene and Admin
Establishing Global Levels of Physical Activity[edit | edit source]
Comparisons of levels of Physical Acitivity [PA] between different countries were not possible until a decade ago, as prior to this there were no standardised instruments suitable for this use[1]. Early methods of classifying levels of PA tended to use either occupational classifications or estimations of leisure-time physical acitivities[2][3].
A group of international academics created a standardised instrument for this purpose in the late 1990s[4]: the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), and they tested its reliability and validity in 12 countries, publishing the results in 2003[4] and concluding " IPAQ has reasonable measurement properties for monitoring population levels of physical activity among 18- to 65-yr-old adults in diverse settings". Following this, another assessment instrument was developed: the global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ)[5].
In the past 10 years, IPAQ and GPAQ data have been collected from approximately two-thirds of countries worldwide which, for the first time, permits a comparative assessment of global patterns of physical activity to be undertaken.
Trends in Sedentary Behaviour[edit | edit source]
Sedentary behaviour, (time spent sitting) has only recently been identified as a public health issue[6]. Sedentary behaviours occur at work, while commuting and during leisure time; thus as urbanisation increases globally, we may expect to see a trend towards increased sedentary behaviour when commuting.
Trends in Physical Activity[edit | edit source]
Changes in the environment and in society have (and will continue to) major effects on population levels of PA[7].
Urbanisation, mechanisation and increased use of motorised transport lead to global changes in PA[8][9]. It is only in recent years, and in high income countries, however, where national surveillance systems have been used to assess trends in PA[7].
Resources[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Bull, FC, Armstrong, TP, Dixon, T, Ham, S, Neiman, A, and Pratt, M. Physical inactivity. in: M Ezzati, AD Lopez, A Rodgers, CJL Murray (Eds.) "Comparative quantification of health risks. Global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors." World Health Organization,Geneva; 2004: 729–881
- ↑ Paffenbarger, RS Jr, Hyde, RT, Wing, AL, and Hsieh, CC. Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni. N Engl J Med. 1986; 314: 605–613
- ↑ Morris, JN, Heady, JA, Raffle, PA, Roberts, CG, and Parks, JW. Coronary heart-disease and physical activity of work. Lancet. 1953; 265: 1053–1057
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Craig, CL, Marshall, AL, Sjostrom, M et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003; 35: 1381–1395
- ↑ Bull, FC, Maslin, TS, and Armstrong, T. Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ): nine country reliability and validity study. J Phys Act Health. 2009; 6: 790–804
- ↑ Bauman, A, Ainsworth, BE, Sallis, JF et al. The descriptive epidemiology of sitting a 20-country comparison using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Am J Prev Med. 2011; 41: 228–235
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hallal PC1, Andersen LB, Bull FC, Guthold R, Haskell W, Ekelund U; Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet. 2012 Jul 21;380(9838):247-5
- ↑ Sullivan, R, Kinra, S, Ekelund, U et al. Socio-demographic patterning of physical activity across migrant groups in India: results from the Indian Migration Study. PLoS One. 2011; 6: e24898
- ↑ Assah, FK, Ekelund, U, Brage, S, Mbanya, JC, and Wareham, NJ. Urbanization, physical activity, and metabolic health in sub-Saharan Africa. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34: 491–496
