Long Term Trends in Physical Activity: Difference between revisions

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Am J Prev Med. 2011; 41: 228–235
Am J Prev Med. 2011; 41: 228–235
</ref>. Sedentary behaviours occur at work, while commuting and during leisure time; thus as urbanisation increases globally, we may expect to see a trend towards increased sedentary behaviour when commuting.
</ref>. Sedentary behaviours occur at work, while commuting and during leisure time; thus as urbanisation increases globally, we may expect to see a trend towards increased sedentary behaviour when commuting. Historically, increased mechanisation in agriculture and manufacturing industries has led to in increase in sedentary behaviour in the work situation.


== Trends in Physical Activity ==
== Trends in Physical Activity ==

Revision as of 23:03, 15 July 2018

Original Editor - Wendy Walker.

Top Contributors - Wendy Walker, Tony Lowe, Tarina van der Stockt, Simisola Ajeyalemi, Kim Jackson, Rucha Gadgil, Lucinda hampton, Chelsea Mclene, Admin and Shaimaa Eldib  

Establishing Global Levels of Physical Activity[edit | edit source]

Comparisons of levels of Physical Acitivity [PA] between different countries were not possible until a decade ago, as prior to this there were no standardised instruments suitable for this use[1]. Early methods of classifying levels of PA tended to use either occupational classifications or estimations of leisure-time physical acitivities[2][3].

A group of international academics created a standardised instrument for this purpose in the late 1990s[4]: the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), and they tested its reliability and validity in 12 countries, publishing the results in 2003[4] and concluding " IPAQ has reasonable measurement properties for monitoring population levels of physical activity among 18- to 65-yr-old adults in diverse settings". Following this, another assessment instrument was developed: the global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ)[5].

In the past 10 years, IPAQ and GPAQ data have been collected from approximately two-thirds of countries worldwide which, for the first time, permits a comparative assessment of global patterns of physical activity to be undertaken.

Trends in Sedentary Behaviour[edit | edit source]

Sedentary behaviour, (time spent sitting) has only recently been identified as a public health issue[6]. Sedentary behaviours occur at work, while commuting and during leisure time; thus as urbanisation increases globally, we may expect to see a trend towards increased sedentary behaviour when commuting. Historically, increased mechanisation in agriculture and manufacturing industries has led to in increase in sedentary behaviour in the work situation.

Trends in Physical Activity[edit | edit source]

Changes in the environment and in society have (and will continue to) major effects on population levels of PA[7].

Urbanisation, mechanisation and increased use of motorised transport lead to global changes in PA[8][9]. It is only in recent years, and in high income countries, however, where national surveillance systems have been used to assess trends in PA[7].

Resources[edit | edit source]

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References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Bull, FC, Armstrong, TP, Dixon, T, Ham, S, Neiman, A, and Pratt, M. Physical inactivity. in: M Ezzati, AD Lopez, A Rodgers, CJL Murray (Eds.) "Comparative quantification of health risks. Global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors." World Health Organization,Geneva; 2004: 729–881
  2. ↑ Paffenbarger, RS Jr, Hyde, RT, Wing, AL, and Hsieh, CC.  Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni.  N Engl J Med. 1986; 314: 605–613
  3. ↑ Morris, JN, Heady, JA, Raffle, PA, Roberts, CG, and Parks, JW.  Coronary heart-disease and physical activity of work.  Lancet. 1953; 265: 1053–1057
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Craig, CL, Marshall, AL, Sjostrom, M et al.  International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003; 35: 1381–1395
  5. ↑ Bull, FC, Maslin, TS, and Armstrong, T.  Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ): nine country reliability and validity study.  J Phys Act Health. 2009; 6: 790–804
  6. ↑ Bauman, A, Ainsworth, BE, Sallis, JF et al.  The descriptive epidemiology of sitting a 20-country comparison using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ).  Am J Prev Med. 2011; 41: 228–235
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hallal PC1, Andersen LB, Bull FC, Guthold R, Haskell W, Ekelund U; Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet. 2012 Jul 21;380(9838):247-5
  8. ↑ Sullivan, R, Kinra, S, Ekelund, U et al.  Socio-demographic patterning of physical activity across migrant groups in India: results from the Indian Migration Study.  PLoS One. 2011; 6: e24898
  9. ↑ Assah, FK, Ekelund, U, Brage, S, Mbanya, JC, and Wareham, NJ.  Urbanization, physical activity, and metabolic health in sub-Saharan Africa.  Diabetes Care. 2011; 34: 491–496
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