Hypercapnia: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 15:04, 7 April 2020
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Hypercapnia is when there is too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. This is normally caused by hypoventilation of the body which leads to CO2 retention. Hypercapnia is defined when the PaCO2 is greater than 4.2kPa on an arterial blood gas (ABG).[1]
Hypercapnia can eventually cause hypoxaemia due to reduced respiratory drive.
However; hypercapnia can also be caused by long term hypoxaemia which causes the body to compensate leading to increased CO2 in the blood. This is known as type 2 respiratory failure.
Type 2 respiratory failure[edit | edit source]
Type 2 respiratory failure is defined as: PaCO2 is greater than 4.2kPa and PaO2 is less than 8kPa.[1] (these ranges can differ slightly depending on the book or article).[2]
is characterized by alveolar hypoventilation and increased carbon dioxide pressure(PaCO2). It is caused by loss of CNS drive, impaired neuromuscular competence, excessive dead space or increased mechanical load. Arterial carbon dioxide pressure PaCO2 is > 50mmHg. Commonly caused by myasthenia gravis, head injuries, polyneuropathies, muscular dystrophy, kyphoscoliosis, flail chest, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, advanced chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Clinical signs[edit | edit source]
- Change of behavior
- headache
- Coma
- Warm extremities
- Astrexis
- Papilloedem
Pathology[edit | edit source]
Resources[edit | edit source]
- bulleted list
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Patel S, Miao JH, Majmundar SH. Physiology, Carbon Dioxide Retention. InStatPearls [Internet] 2020 Feb 12. StatPearls Publishing.
- ↑ Kenyon K, Kenyon J. The Physiotherapist's Pocketbook. Essential Facts at your Fingertips. 2nd ed. London: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier. 2009.
- ↑ MrA91000. Pathology of Hypercapnia. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrvhApnoKDM [last accessed 20/8/2012]
