Healthy Aging with Traumatic Brain Injury: Difference between revisions
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This suggests that after TBI there may be secondary process which lead to increasing brain damage for years afterwards<ref name=":0" />. | This suggests that after TBI there may be secondary process which lead to increasing brain damage for years afterwards<ref name=":0" />. | ||
===== Dementia ===== | |||
There is evidence that a TBI earlier in life increases the risk of developing [https://physio-pedia.com/Dementia dementia] of the Alzheimer's type in old age<ref>Z. Guo, L.A. Cupples, A. Kurz, S.H. Auerbach, L. Volicer, H. Chui, ''et al.'' | |||
Head injury and the risk of AD in the MIRAGE study | |||
Neurology, 54 (2000), pp. 1316- | |||
</ref><ref>J.A. Mortimer, C.M. Vanduijn, V. Chandra, L. Fratiglioni, A.B. Graves, A. Heyman, ''et al.'' | |||
Head trauma as a risk factor for Alzheimers-disease—a collaborative reanalysis of case-control studies | |||
Int J Epidemiol, 20 (1991), pp. S28-S35 | |||
</ref><ref>B.L. Plassman, R.J. Havlik, D.C. Steffens, M.J. Helms, T.N. Newman, D.Drosdick, ''et al.'' | |||
Documented head injury in early adulthood and risk of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias | |||
Neurology, 55 (2000), pp. 1158- | |||
</ref>.<div align="justify"> | |||
<div align="justify"> | |||
==== Effects on Physical Condition ==== | ==== Effects on Physical Condition ==== | ||
People with moderate or severe TBI can experience increased musculoskeletal deterioration with aging, more than occurs in the general non-TBI population. Frequently this occurs due to the nature of the accident/incident which caused the TBI, such as road traffic accident, also causing bony and soft tissue damage to trunk and/or limbs.<div align="justify"> | People with moderate or severe TBI can experience increased musculoskeletal deterioration with aging, more than occurs in the general non-TBI population. Frequently this occurs due to the nature of the accident/incident which caused the TBI, such as road traffic accident, also causing bony and soft tissue damage to trunk and/or limbs.<div align="justify"> | ||
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Effects of Increasing Age with TBI[edit | edit source]
Effects on Cognition[edit | edit source]
People who have had moderate or severe TBI are known to have an increased risk of decline of cognitive abilities, and increased risk of dementia, later in life. One 2015 study[1] compared MRI brain scans of people with TBI to a control group; they developed a computer program with an algorithm to estimate the person't "brain age", and the people with TBI were found to have a brain age on average 5 years older than the control group. The authors note: "There was also a correlation between time since injury and predicted age difference, suggesting that these changes in brain structure do not occur during the injury itself, but result from ongoing biological processes, potentially similar to those seen in normal ageing, that progress more quickly after an injury."
This suggests that after TBI there may be secondary process which lead to increasing brain damage for years afterwards[1].
Dementia[edit | edit source]
There is evidence that a TBI earlier in life increases the risk of developing dementia of the Alzheimer's type in old age[2][3][4].Effects on Physical Condition[edit | edit source]
People with moderate or severe TBI can experience increased musculoskeletal deterioration with aging, more than occurs in the general non-TBI population. Frequently this occurs due to the nature of the accident/incident which caused the TBI, such as road traffic accident, also causing bony and soft tissue damage to trunk and/or limbs.Physical Activity[edit | edit source]
The amount of physical activity [PA] which any person with TBI engages in, has a great impact on healthy ageing (just as it does in the general population).
The health benefits of PA are shown below:
Other benefits include a decrease in the risks of secondary conditions, such as hypertension, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease[5].
Physical Activity in the TBI population[edit | edit source]
People with TBI have been found to have fitness levels well below the lowest fitness levels of adults (matched for age and sex)[6].
Studies have demonstrated that the TBI population benefit from aerobic conditioning and strength training[5], specifically:
- An increase in aerobic capacity [7]
- Increase in muscle strength and endurance[8]
- Reduced risk of secondary conditions - cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, hypertension[9]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cole JH, Leech R, Sharp DJ. Prediction of brain age suggests accelerated atrophy after traumatic brain injury. Annals of Neurology, Vol 77, Issue 4.
- ↑ Z. Guo, L.A. Cupples, A. Kurz, S.H. Auerbach, L. Volicer, H. Chui, et al. Head injury and the risk of AD in the MIRAGE study Neurology, 54 (2000), pp. 1316-
- ↑ J.A. Mortimer, C.M. Vanduijn, V. Chandra, L. Fratiglioni, A.B. Graves, A. Heyman, et al. Head trauma as a risk factor for Alzheimers-disease—a collaborative reanalysis of case-control studies Int J Epidemiol, 20 (1991), pp. S28-S35
- ↑ B.L. Plassman, R.J. Havlik, D.C. Steffens, M.J. Helms, T.N. Newman, D.Drosdick, et al. Documented head injury in early adulthood and risk of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias Neurology, 55 (2000), pp. 1158-
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Irwin, Kelley BS; Ede, Alison MS; Buddhadev, Harsh BPT et al. Physical Activity and Traumatic Brain Injury Strength and Conditioning Journal: August 2011 - Volume 33 - Issue 4 - p 43-47 doi: 10.1519/SSC.0b013e318210e899
- ↑ Hassett L, Moseley AM, Harmer AR. Fitness training for cardiorespiratory conditioning after traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD006123. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006123.pub3
- ↑ Jankowski LW and Sullivan SJ. Aerobic and neuromuscular training: Effect on the capacity, efficiency, and fatigability of patients with traumatic brain injuries. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 71: 500-504, 1990.
- ↑ Bhambhani Y, Rowland G, and Farag M. Effects of circuit training on body composition and peak cardiorespiratory responses in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86: 268-276, 2005.
- ↑ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2008 physical activity guidelines for Americans. 2009. Available at: http://www.health.gov/PAGuidelines/pdf/paguide.pdf. Accessed 1 September 2019.
