Cervical Rib: Difference between revisions

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</ref>. It can be on right, left or both sides and may be flaoting with no connection<ref name=":0" />, fully formed bony rib or a thin strand of tissue fibre. They vary in size and shape.  
</ref>. It can be on right, left or both sides and may be flaoting with no connection<ref name=":0" />, fully formed bony rib or a thin strand of tissue fibre. They vary in size and shape.  


In few cases, people having cervical rib may develop [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|thoracic outlet syndrome]]<ref name=":0">Dr. Colin Tidy. Cervical Rib. Thoracic outlet syndrome. Patient. Available from https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/cervical-rib-thoracic-outlet-syndrome [last accessed 05/11/2020]]</ref> because of pressure on the nerves that may be caused by the presence of the rib. Partially formed extra rib may end in a swelling that shows as a lump in neck or it may tail off into a fibrous band of tissue that connects to the first proper rib<ref>Giles, Lynton G. F. (2009-01-01), Giles, Lynton G. F. (ed.), [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780443067167000670 "Case 67 - Cervical ribs"], ''100 Challenging Spinal Pain Syndrome Cases (Second Edition)'', Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 311–314, doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-443-06716-7.00067-0 10.1016/b978-0-443-06716-7.00067-0], ISBN </ref>. Most cases are not clinically relevant and do not have symptoms. They are generally discovered incidentally during x-rays and CT scans.<ref>Guttentag, Adam; Salwen, Julia (1999). "Keep Your Eyes on the Ribs: The Spectrum of Normal Variants and Diseases That Involve the Ribs". ''RadioGraphics''. '''19''' (5): 1125–1142. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1148%2Fradiographics.19.5.g99se011125 10.1148/radiographics.19.5.g99se011125]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10489169 10489169]</ref>
In few cases, people having cervical rib may develop [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|thoracic outlet syndrome]]<ref name=":0">Dr. Colin Tidy. Cervical Rib. Thoracic outlet syndrome. Patient. Available from https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/cervical-rib-thoracic-outlet-syndrome [last accessed 05/11/2020]]</ref> because of pressure on the nerves that may be caused by the presence of the rib. Partially formed extra rib may end in a swelling that shows as a lump in neck or it may tail off into a fibrous band of tissue that connects to the first proper rib<ref name=":1">Giles, Lynton G. F. (2009-01-01), Giles, Lynton G. F. (ed.), [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780443067167000670 "Case 67 - Cervical ribs"], ''100 Challenging Spinal Pain Syndrome Cases (Second Edition)'', Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 311–314, doi:[https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-443-06716-7.00067-0 10.1016/b978-0-443-06716-7.00067-0], ISBN </ref>. Most cases are not clinically relevant and do not have symptoms. They are generally discovered incidentally during x-rays and CT scans.<ref>Guttentag, Adam; Salwen, Julia (1999). "Keep Your Eyes on the Ribs: The Spectrum of Normal Variants and Diseases That Involve the Ribs". ''RadioGraphics''. '''19''' (5): 1125–1142. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1148%2Fradiographics.19.5.g99se011125 10.1148/radiographics.19.5.g99se011125]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10489169 10489169]</ref>


A cervical rib represents a persistent ossification of the C7 lateral costal element. During early development, this ossified costal element typically becomes re-absorbed. Failure of this process results in a variably elongated transverse process or complete rib that can be anteriorly fused with the T1 first rib below.<ref>Tani, Edneia M.; Skoog, Lambert (2008-01-01), Bibbo, Marluce; Wilbur, David (eds.), [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781416042082100223 "CHAPTER 22 - Salivary Glands and Rare Head and Neck Lesions"], ''Comprehensive Cytopathology (Third Edition)'', Edinburgh: W.B. Saunders, pp. 607–632, ISBN.
A cervical rib represents a persistent ossification of the C7 lateral costal element. During early development, this ossified costal element typically becomes re-absorbed. Failure of this process results in a variably elongated transverse process or complete rib that can be anteriorly fused with the T1 first rib below.<ref>Tani, Edneia M.; Skoog, Lambert (2008-01-01), Bibbo, Marluce; Wilbur, David (eds.), [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781416042082100223 "CHAPTER 22 - Salivary Glands and Rare Head and Neck Lesions"], ''Comprehensive Cytopathology (Third Edition)'', Edinburgh: W.B. Saunders, pp. 607–632, ISBN.
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== Structure And Function ==
== Structure And Function ==


== Sub Heading 3 ==
== Associated Conditions ==
* [[Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)|Thoracic outlet syndrome]] due to compression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus or subclavian artery.
* Compression of the [[brachial plexus]] may be identified by weakness of the muscles around the muscles in the hand.
* Compression of the subclavian artery is often diagnosed.
* Compression of the sympathetic chain may cause [[Horner's Syndrome|Horner's syndrome]].<ref name=":1" />


== Diagnosis  ==
== Diagnosis  ==

Revision as of 08:00, 5 November 2020

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Original Editor - Chelsea Mclene

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Introduction[edit | edit source]

Cervical rib also known as "neck rib" or "supernumerary rib in cervical region" is an extra rib[1] that forms above first rib[2] which grows from the base of the neck just above the collarbone. It is a congenital overdevelopment of transverse process of cervical spine vertebra[3]. It can be on right, left or both sides and may be flaoting with no connection[4], fully formed bony rib or a thin strand of tissue fibre. They vary in size and shape.

In few cases, people having cervical rib may develop thoracic outlet syndrome[4] because of pressure on the nerves that may be caused by the presence of the rib. Partially formed extra rib may end in a swelling that shows as a lump in neck or it may tail off into a fibrous band of tissue that connects to the first proper rib[5]. Most cases are not clinically relevant and do not have symptoms. They are generally discovered incidentally during x-rays and CT scans.[6]

A cervical rib represents a persistent ossification of the C7 lateral costal element. During early development, this ossified costal element typically becomes re-absorbed. Failure of this process results in a variably elongated transverse process or complete rib that can be anteriorly fused with the T1 first rib below.[7]

Structure And Function[edit | edit source]

Associated Conditions[edit | edit source]

  • Thoracic outlet syndrome due to compression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus or subclavian artery.
  • Compression of the brachial plexus may be identified by weakness of the muscles around the muscles in the hand.
  • Compression of the subclavian artery is often diagnosed.
  • Compression of the sympathetic chain may cause Horner's syndrome.[5]

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

On imaging, cervical ribs can be distinguished because their transverse processes are directed inferolaterally, whereas those of the adjacent thoracic spine are directed anterolaterally.[8]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Cervical Rib. Healthily. Available from https://www.livehealthily.com/neck-pain/cervical-rib [last accessed 05/11/2020]
  2. ↑ Cervical Rib. NHS. Available from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cervical-rib/ [ last accessed 05/11/2020]
  3. ↑ Fliegel BE, Menezes RG. Anatomy, Thorax, Cervical Rib.[updated 2020 Aug 22]. In:StatPearls[Internet].Treasure Island(FL): stat pearls publishing; 2020 jan.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Dr. Colin Tidy. Cervical Rib. Thoracic outlet syndrome. Patient. Available from https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/cervical-rib-thoracic-outlet-syndrome [last accessed 05/11/2020]]
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Giles, Lynton G. F. (2009-01-01), Giles, Lynton G. F. (ed.), "Case 67 - Cervical ribs", 100 Challenging Spinal Pain Syndrome Cases (Second Edition), Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 311–314, doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06716-7.00067-0, ISBN 
  6. ↑ Guttentag, Adam; Salwen, Julia (1999). "Keep Your Eyes on the Ribs: The Spectrum of Normal Variants and Diseases That Involve the Ribs". RadioGraphics. 19 (5): 1125–1142. doi:10.1148/radiographics.19.5.g99se011125. PMID 10489169
  7. ↑ Tani, Edneia M.; Skoog, Lambert (2008-01-01), Bibbo, Marluce; Wilbur, David (eds.), "CHAPTER 22 - Salivary Glands and Rare Head and Neck Lesions", Comprehensive Cytopathology (Third Edition), Edinburgh: W.B. Saunders, pp. 607–632, ISBN.
  8. ↑ Balan, Nisha Sharma, Anu (2008). Get through FRCR part 2B : rapid reporting of plain radiographs. London: Royal Society of Medicine. ISBN .
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